CN114428330A - Scanning time and distance determining method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Scanning time and distance determining method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a scanning time and distance determining method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time and distance of the controllable seismic source based on forward modeling comprises the following steps: establishing a geological model according to the geological task; obtaining a forward modeling single shot record containing harmonic waves by using a forward modeling method; superposing by transforming the space-time relationship between the two single guns; and analyzing the influence of the harmonic waves on the reflected waves of the target layer through the superposed data to determine the sliding scanning time distance relation of the controllable seismic source. The reasonability of the method is verified through the analysis of actual work area data, the method can be used for quickly and effectively designing the dynamic sliding scanning method of the controllable seismic source according to the acquisition requirement, the problem that the dynamic sliding scanning mode can only be determined through field tests at present is solved, and a large amount of test cost and test time are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil-gas geophysical exploration, relates to a dynamic sliding scanning technology of a controllable seismic source, and particularly relates to a time-distance second scanning mode in the dynamic sliding scanning process of the controllable seismic source, which is determined by a forward simulation method and an indoor processing analysis method according to the specific attribute characteristics of controllable seismic source data in the dynamic sliding scanning process.
Background
The vibroseis seismic data acquisition method can be divided into three categories of conventional acquisition, high-efficiency acquisition and high-fidelity acquisition. The conventional acquisition method generally means that only one group of controllable seismic sources are adopted for operation, and common shot point gathers are obtained through cross-correlation processing; the high-efficiency acquisition method is that two or more groups of controllable seismic sources are constructed at intervals of a certain time or at the same time, and a common shot point gather is obtained through cross-correlation treatment; the high fidelity acquisition method is that one or more controllable seismic sources vibrate at different shot points spaced by a certain distance, and ground force signal deconvolution is adopted to obtain a common shot point gather. By combining with example analysis, the vibroseis high-efficiency acquisition method greatly improves the data acquisition operation efficiency, obviously shortens the construction period and further reduces the exploration cost; the direction of development of vibroseis seismic data acquisition technology is to combine high-efficiency acquisition with high-fidelity acquisition methods, thereby realizing low-cost, high-precision and high-fidelity seismic exploration operation.
The vibroseis seismic acquisition technology is an important seismic exploration method in western complex ground surface areas at present, wherein the dynamic sliding scanning technology is an important acquisition technology for high-efficiency production of the vibroseis, and the production time efficiency can be greatly improved. The most important thing of the dynamic sliding scanning technology is how to determine that several controllable seismic sources are in work, and the scanning starting time is determined according to the mutual distance between the controllable seismic sources. Because harmonic interference can be generated in the single shot record of the controllable seismic source, if the distance between the two seismic sources is close and the scanning time interval is small, the harmonic interference can seriously affect the signal-to-noise ratio of the single shot data, thereby causing the data imaging to be poor.
At present, aiming at how to determine the time-distance relation of dynamic sliding scanning, a field test is mainly adopted, a long array is arranged in a work area, a plurality of controllable seismic sources are subjected to a large number of tests according to different distance intervals and different scanning starting times, and time-distance parameters of dynamic sliding scanning are determined through the tests.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance determination method based on forward modeling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the above problems, and adopts some special rule characteristics in vibroseis seismic acquisition, obtains a single shot through forward simulation, and determines the time distance parameter of dynamic sliding scanning by combining different time distances indoors, thereby better solving the problem, and the obtained dynamic sliding scanning parameter is verified through an actual work area, and the analysis conclusion is correct.
According to one aspect of the invention, a vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance determination method based on forward modeling is provided, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing a geological model according to a geological task;
step 2, obtaining a forward simulation single shot record containing harmonic waves by using a forward simulation method;
step 3, superposing by transforming the space-time relationship between the two single guns;
and 4, analyzing the influence of the harmonic waves on the target layer reflected waves through the superposed data, and determining the sliding scanning time distance relation of the controllable seismic source.
Further, the step 2 comprises:
designing a scanning signal containing harmonic waves;
and performing forward modeling on the established geological model by using the scanning signal containing the harmonic wave.
Further, the designing the scanning signal containing the harmonic wave comprises:
designing each order of harmonic according to a vibroseis scanning signal S1 set by seismic acquisition in a work area;
the designed harmonics are superimposed on the scanning signal S1 to form a scanning signal S2 containing harmonics.
Further, performing forward modeling on the established geological model by using the scanning signal containing the harmonic wave comprises:
forward modeling is carried out on the established geological model by adopting the scanning signal S2 containing the harmonic waves to obtain a mother record;
and correlating the mother record with a scanning signal S1 to obtain a complete forward-simulated single shot record of the wave field component of the controllable seismic source.
Further, the mother record is correlated with the scanning signal S1, the correlated record retains the first-arrival-preceding harmonic records of each order, and the forward simulation single shot record contains harmonic components of each order.
Further, the step 3 comprises:
copying a forward simulation single shot record A and a forward simulation single shot record B;
keeping record a constant in position, record B moves laterally several tracks, and/or longitudinally several milliseconds, and then record a is superimposed with record B.
Further, the step 4 comprises:
and adjusting the space and time position of the record B according to the influence degree of the harmonic wave before the first arrival of the record B after the superposition on the reflected wave of different layers of the record A, and recording the scanning time distance relation between the record A and the record B.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance determination apparatus based on forward modeling, including:
the modeling unit is used for establishing a geological model according to the geological task;
the forward modeling unit is used for obtaining forward modeling single shot records containing harmonic waves by using a forward modeling method;
the superposition unit is used for carrying out superposition by transforming the space-time relationship between the two single guns; and;
and the analysis unit analyzes the influence of the harmonic waves on the target layer reflected waves through the superposed data to determine the sliding scanning time distance relation of the vibroseis.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic apparatus including:
a memory storing executable instructions;
a processor executing the executable instructions in the memory to implement the forward simulation-based vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance determination method.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time distance of the vibroseis based on forward simulation.
Practice proves that the vibroseis sliding scanning method can be well and accurately obtained by adopting the method, is more convenient and faster than the existing method adopting field test, and saves the test cost.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in greater detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance determination method based on forward simulation.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the effects obtained by the method of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The invention develops research aiming at the existing problems in the field, adopts some special rule characteristics in vibroseis seismic acquisition, obtains a single shot through forward simulation and combines different time distances indoors to determine the time distance parameter of dynamic sliding scanning, better solves the problem, and the obtained dynamic sliding scanning parameter is verified through an actual work area and has correct analysis conclusion.
The invention discloses a method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time distance of a controllable seismic source based on forward simulation, which comprises the steps of firstly establishing a geological model according to a geological task, obtaining forward simulation single guns containing harmonic waves by using the forward simulation method, transforming the space time relation between the two single guns and overlapping, analyzing the influence of the harmonic waves on the reflected waves of a target layer by overlapping data, and finally determining the sliding scanning time distance relation of the controllable seismic source in a work area through multiple analysis.
The reasonability of the method is verified through the analysis of actual work area data, the method can be used for quickly and effectively designing the dynamic sliding scanning method of the controllable seismic source according to the acquisition requirement, the problem that the dynamic sliding scanning mode can only be determined through field tests at present is solved, and a large amount of test cost and test time are saved.
As shown in fig. 1, the present disclosure provides a method for determining a vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance based on forward modeling, including:
establishing a geological model according to the geological task;
obtaining a forward modeling single shot record containing harmonic waves by using a forward modeling method;
superposing by transforming the space-time relationship between the two single guns;
and analyzing the influence of the harmonic waves on the reflected waves of the target layer through the superposed data to determine the sliding scanning time distance relation of the controllable seismic source.
The method is provided aiming at the problem that no simple, convenient, quick and effective method for determining the time distance parameter exists in the dynamic sliding scanning process of the controllable seismic source at present, and can meet the requirement for determining the dynamic sliding scanning parameter of the controllable seismic source at present.
Specifically, a geological model is established according to the geological structure condition of a work area and the requirement of an imaging target. According to a vibroseis scanning signal set by seismic acquisition in a work area, designing each order of harmonic, for example, the scanning signal is 6-80Hz, calculating according to the frequency relation between each order of harmonic and the scanning signal, wherein the second order harmonic is 12-160Hz, the third order harmonic is 18-240Hz, the fourth order harmonic is 24-320Hz, the scanning length is the same as the scanning signal length, and the amplitude is set according to the amplitude of each order of harmonic in vibroseis force signals in similar areas in the past. The original scanning signal is denoted as S1, and the designed harmonics are superimposed on the scanning signal S1 to form a signal S2.
Forward modeling is carried out on the established geological model by adopting a signal S2 containing harmonic waves to obtain a mother record, the mother record is correlated with a scanning signal S1, and the correlated record requires the reservation of each order of harmonic wave record before the first arrival, so that the wave field component complete forward modeling single shot record of the controllable seismic source is obtained, and each order of harmonic wave component is contained.
Next, one such shot record is copied, and one of the two shot records is recorded as record a, and the other is recorded as record B, and the two records are superimposed by adjusting the temporal relationship and the spatial position relationship. For example, the position of the record a may be kept unchanged, the record B may be moved several tracks laterally, and/or several milliseconds longitudinally, and then the record a and the record B may be superimposed, and the influence of the harmonic wave before the first arrival of the record B after the superimposition on the reflected wave at different positions of the record a may be analyzed. For example, record B is shifted laterally by 2km and then longitudinally by 300ms, and the two records are superimposed, since the harmonic content of record B prior to its first arrival is long, and this harmonic will necessarily affect some of the reflected waves of record a. And then, according to the influence degree, analyzing that the space and time scanning relation formed by the record A and the record B is not proper, if not, continuously adjusting the space and time position of the record B, and recording the distance between the record A and the record B at which scanning interval is proper. For example, the distance is close, a large scanning interval is adopted, the distance is far from a small scanning interval, and the sliding scanning time distance relation of the work area controllable seismic source is finally determined through the method. Practice proves that the vibroseis sliding scanning method can be well and accurately obtained by adopting the method, is more convenient and faster than the existing method adopting field test, and saves the test cost.
The method of the invention can ensure that the determined scanning conclusion is scientific, reasonable, quick and effective, and saves the test cost. The reasonability of the method is verified through the analysis of actual work area data, the method can be used for quickly and effectively designing the dynamic sliding scanning method of the controllable seismic source according to the acquisition requirement, the problem that the dynamic sliding scanning mode can only be determined through field tests at present is solved, and a large amount of test cost and test time are saved
To facilitate understanding of the aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, specific application examples are given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance determination method based on forward modeling. The method comprises the steps of firstly establishing a geological model according to a geological task, obtaining forward simulation single cannons containing harmonic waves by using a forward simulation method, transforming the space time relationship between the two single cannons, overlapping, analyzing the influence of the harmonic waves on target layer reflected waves by overlapping data, and finally determining the sliding scanning time distance relationship of the controllable seismic source in the work area through multiple analysis. The reasonability of the method is verified through the analysis of actual work area data, the method can be used for quickly and effectively designing the dynamic sliding scanning method of the controllable seismic source according to the acquisition requirement, the problem that the dynamic sliding scanning mode can only be determined through field tests at present is solved, and a large amount of test cost and test time are saved.
The invention can be more fully understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance determination method based on forward modeling.
In step 101, according to the geological mission requirements, relevant data including horizon data, seismic interpretation profile, velocity density and the like are collected, and a geological model of the work area is built according to the data. The flow proceeds to step 102.
In step 102, each order of harmonic is designed according to the vibroseis scanning signal set by seismic acquisition in the work area, for example, the scanning signal is 6-80Hz, and then the second order harmonic is 12-160Hz, the third order harmonic is 18-240Hz, the fourth order harmonic is 24-320Hz, the scanning length is the same as the scanning signal length, and the amplitude is set according to the amplitude of each order of harmonic in the vibroseis force signal in the similar area in the past. The original scanning signal is denoted as S1, and the designed harmonics are superimposed on the scanning signal S1 to form a signal S2. Proceed to step 103.
In step 103, forward modeling is performed on the established geological model by using the signal containing harmonic wave S2 to obtain a mother record, the mother record is correlated with the scanning signal S1, and the correlated records require to retain the first-to-first harmonic wave records, so that a complete forward modeling single shot record of wave field components of the controllable seismic source is obtained, which contains the harmonic wave components of each order. The flow proceeds to step 104.
In step 104, one such shot record is copied, one of the two shot records is recorded as record a, and the other is recorded as record B, and the two records are adjusted to have different time relationships and spatial position relationships and are superposed. The method comprises the steps of keeping the position of a record A unchanged, moving the record B transversely for a plurality of tracks and/or longitudinally for a plurality of milliseconds, then overlapping the record A and the record B, and analyzing the influence of the harmonic waves before the first arrival of the record B after overlapping on the reflected waves of different positions of the record A. For example, record B is shifted laterally by 2km and then longitudinally by 300ms, and the two records are superimposed, since the harmonic content of record B prior to its first arrival is long, and this harmonic will necessarily affect some of the reflected waves of record a. And then, analyzing that the space and time scanning relationship formed by the record A and the record B is not proper according to the influence degree, if not, continuously adjusting the space and time position of the record B, and recording the distance between the record A and the record B, which is suitable for the scanning interval, for example, the distance is close, the distance is large, and the distance is far, which is small. The flow proceeds to step 105.
In step 105, the method is used for performing multiple overlapping analysis, and finally the sliding scanning time distance relationship of the controllable seismic source in the work area is determined, and the process is ended.
Fig. 2 shows a conclusion of dynamic sliding scanning parameters of the controllable seismic sources in a certain work area, which is obtained by calculation by using the method, so that it can be clearly known where two controllable seismic sources are located and how large scanning interval is required for scanning, and the production requirements can be met, thereby effectively guiding production.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance determining device based on forward modeling, which comprises:
the modeling unit is used for establishing a geological model according to the geological task;
the forward modeling unit is used for obtaining forward modeling single shot records containing harmonic waves by using a forward modeling method;
the superposition unit is used for carrying out superposition by transforming the space-time relationship between the two single guns; and;
and the analysis unit analyzes the influence of the harmonic waves on the target layer reflected waves through the superposed data to determine the sliding scanning time distance relation of the vibroseis.
The modeling unit, the forward modeling unit, the superposition unit and the analysis unit are sequentially connected. The forward unit designs each order of harmonic according to a vibroseis scanning signal S1 set by seismic acquisition in a work area; superposing designed harmonics with a scanning signal S1 to form a scanning signal S2 containing harmonics; forward modeling is carried out on the established geological model by adopting the scanning signal S2 containing the harmonic waves to obtain a mother record; and correlating the mother record with a scanning signal S1 to obtain a complete forward-simulated single shot record of the wave field component of the controllable seismic source.
And the superposition unit correlates the mother record with the scanning signal S1, the correlated record retains the harmonic records of each order before the first arrival, and the forward simulation single shot record contains harmonic components of each order. Specifically, a forward modeling simulation single shot record is marked as A, and one forward modeling simulation single shot record is copied as B; keeping the position of record A unchanged, moving record B transversely for several tracks and/or longitudinally for several milliseconds, and then superposing record A and record B
And the analysis unit is used for analyzing the influence of the harmonic waves before the first arrival of the record B after superposition on the reflected waves of different positions of the record A, adjusting the space and the time position of the record B according to the influence degree, and recording the scanning time distance relation between the record A and the record B.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides an electronic device including: a memory storing executable instructions; and the processor runs executable instructions in the memory to realize the vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance determination method based on forward simulation.
The electronic device according to the present embodiment includes a memory and a processor.
The memory is to store non-transitory computer readable instructions. In particular, the memory may include one or more computer program products that may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, Random Access Memory (RAM), cache memory (cache), and/or the like. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.
The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit having data processing capabilities and/or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of the disclosure, the processor is configured to execute the computer readable instructions stored in the memory.
Those skilled in the art should understand that, in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain a good user experience, the present embodiment may also include well-known structures such as a communication bus, an interface, and the like, and these well-known structures should also be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
For the detailed description of the present embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which are not repeated herein.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time and distance of the vibroseis based on forward simulation.
The computer-readable storage medium according to the present embodiments has non-transitory computer-readable instructions stored thereon. The non-transitory computer readable instructions, when executed by a processor, perform all or a portion of the steps of the methods of the embodiments of the disclosure previously described.
The computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROMs and DVDs), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., MOs), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tapes or removable disks), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (e.g., memory cards), and media with built-in ROMs (e.g., ROM cartridges).
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. A vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance determination method based on forward modeling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing a geological model according to a geological task;
step 2, obtaining a forward simulation single shot record containing harmonic waves by using a forward simulation method;
step 3, superposing by transforming the space-time relationship between the two single guns;
and 4, analyzing the influence of the harmonic waves on the target layer reflected waves through the superposed data, and determining the sliding scanning time distance relation of the controllable seismic source.
2. The method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time distance of the vibroseis based on forward modeling as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 2 comprises:
designing a scanning signal containing harmonic waves;
and performing forward modeling on the established geological model by using the scanning signal containing the harmonic wave.
3. The method for determining vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance based on forward modeling as claimed in claim 2, wherein said designing the scanning signal containing harmonics comprises:
designing each order of harmonic according to a vibroseis scanning signal S1 set by seismic acquisition in a work area;
the designed harmonics are superimposed on the scanning signal S1 to form a scanning signal S2 containing harmonics.
4. The method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time and distance of the vibroseis based on forward modeling as claimed in claim 3, wherein the forward modeling on the established geologic model using the scanning signals containing the harmonic waves comprises:
forward modeling is carried out on the established geological model by adopting the scanning signal S2 containing the harmonic waves to obtain a mother record;
and correlating the mother record with a scanning signal S1 to obtain a complete forward-simulated single shot record of the wave field component of the controllable seismic source.
5. The method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time and distance of the vibroseis based on forward simulation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mother record is correlated with the scanning signal S1, the correlated records retain the first-to-first harmonic records, and the forward simulation single shot records contain harmonic components of each order.
6. The method for determining the dynamic sliding scanning time distance of the vibroseis based on forward modeling as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 3 comprises:
copying a forward simulation single shot record A and a forward simulation single shot record B;
keeping record a constant in position, record B moves laterally several tracks, and/or longitudinally several milliseconds, and then record a is superimposed with record B.
7. The method for determining vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance according to claim 6, wherein the step 4 comprises:
and adjusting the space and time position of the record B according to the influence degree of the harmonic wave before the first arrival of the record B after the superposition on the reflected wave of different layers of the record A, and recording the scanning time distance relation between the record A and the record B.
8. A vibroseis dynamic sliding scanning time distance determination device based on forward modeling is characterized by comprising the following components:
the modeling unit is used for establishing a geological model according to the geological task;
the forward modeling unit is used for obtaining forward modeling single shot records containing harmonic waves by using a forward modeling method;
the superposition unit is used for carrying out superposition by transforming the space-time relationship between the two single guns; and;
and the analysis unit analyzes the influence of the harmonic waves on the target layer reflected waves through the superposed data to determine the sliding scanning time distance relation of the vibroseis.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises:
a memory storing executable instructions;
a processor executing the executable instructions in the memory to implement the forward simulation based vibroseis dynamic sliding scan time distance determination method of any of claims 1-7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the method for determining the vibroseis dynamic sliding scan time distance based on forward simulation of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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