CN114428001A - Method for simulating different-grade high-permeability strip cores of reservoir through 3D printing - Google Patents
Method for simulating different-grade high-permeability strip cores of reservoir through 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simulating different-level high-permeability strip rock cores of a reservoir through 3D printing, which comprises the steps of (1) obtaining stratum rock core CT graphic data of different levels of the reservoir, and extracting substitute surface layer images of different levels from the stratum rock core CT graphic data of different levels of the reservoir along a seepage direction; (2) sequentially processing the representative layer images of different levels to obtain digital images of pore structure forms and distribution of an extreme water washing zone, a strong water flooding zone and a weak water flooding zone of the representative layer images; (3) acquiring pore structure forms of different levels and internal structures in the digital images of distribution; (4) aiming at the pore structure forms of different levels and the internal structure in the distributed digital images, generating digital models which are the same as the stratum core pore structure of the reservoir and can be identified by a 3D printer; (5) and sequentially carrying out 3D printing on the continuous digital models of different levels to obtain the artificial core with the same pore structure and wettability as the stratum core of the reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil exploitation, in particular to a method for simulating different-grade high permeability strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing.
Background
In the process of developing deep oil and gas resources, researches on the problems of resource exploitation efficiency of different-level high-permeability strips of an oil reservoir, a crude oil displacement mechanism, selection of a dominant flow path and the like need to develop a multiphase flow displacement experiment of different-level high-permeability strip cores. And for natural rock samples of reservoirs, the defects of high sampling cost, large sample discrete type, low repeated utilization rate and the like exist.
At present, most of artificial rock cores adopted for core seepage experiments are manufactured by adopting an epoxy resin cementing technology and a phosphate or silicate high-temperature sintering technology. However, the particle sizes of the artificial rock core particles prepared by the method are different, and are difficult to keep consistent with the actual core pore structure obtained by CT scanning and identification.
Because the actual stratum is drilled with the core and only the local pore structure characteristics of the stratum can be obtained through CT scanning, the actual reservoirs are distributed in a staggered way in space, and different levels of water drive zones are dispersed in a plane and staggered longitudinally and mutually interfere and influence each other. The conventional artificial rock core cannot combine different-grade hypertonic strips which are mutually communicated, and the fluid migration rule of the artificial rock core is difficult to study.
Actual reservoirs differ in wettability, having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, leading to development of formations that face mixed wettabilities. In laboratory research, besides the need to ensure that the model can reflect the distribution characteristics of different-grade hypertonic strips of an actual reservoir, the need to ensure that the wettability of the model can reflect the real characteristics of an actual stratum is also needed. The conventional manufacturing technology is difficult to realize the rapid manufacturing of the mixed wettability model, which brings great difficulty to the laboratory experimental research. And the existing artificial rock core has low visualization degree, poor repeated manufacturability and low yield, and finally causes poor contrast of a multiphase flow displacement experiment of the high permeability strip rock core of different grades of a reservoir.
Therefore, how to manufacture the real pore structure of the high permeability strip rock core of different levels of the reservoir ensures that the produced rock core is consistent with the rock core pore structure identified by CT scanning, and the transparent visualization is beneficial to experimental observation. In addition, how to combine different-level water drive zones together and communicate with each other is realized, so that the displacement rules of different-level high-permeability zones of the reservoir are scientifically and accurately mastered, and the method is very important for realizing safe and efficient development of reservoir oil and gas resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a method for simulating different-grade hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing.
The technical scheme is as follows: the method for simulating different-grade hypertonic strip cores of the reservoir through 3D printing comprises the following steps:
(1) scanning stratum rock cores of a reservoir based on high-precision Micro-CT (Micro-computed tomography) instrument scanning identification to obtain stratum rock core CT graphic data of different levels of the reservoir, and then extracting surface-representative images of different levels from the stratum rock core CT graphic data of different levels of the reservoir along a seepage direction;
(2) sequentially processing the representative layer images of different levels obtained in the step (1) to sequentially obtain digital images of pore structure forms and distribution of the extreme water washing zone, the strong water flooding zone and the weak water flooding zone;
(3) automatically identifying and extracting cracks and pores in the digital image of the pore structure form and distribution obtained in the step (2) sequentially through image processing software to obtain the pore structure forms of different grades and the internal structures in the digital image of the distribution;
(4) generating digital models which are identical to the stratum core pore structure of the reservoir and can be identified by a 3D printer in different levels by means of digital image three-dimensional reconstruction aiming at the pore structure forms and the internal structures in the distributed digital images in different levels obtained in the step (3);
(5) and (4) sequentially carrying out 3D printing on the digital models obtained in the step (4) of different continuous grades to obtain the artificial rock core with the same pore structure and wettability as the stratum rock core of the reservoir.
Further, in the step (5), the digital models with different grades are grouped together into the artificial rock cores which contain different grades and are mutually communicated in the following way:
manufacturing seepage models with different longitudinal permeability and different thickness proportion based on a 3D printing technology;
connectivity between different levels of the digitized model enables free flow between adjacent bands through image processing means.
Further, the control of the wettability in the step (5) is achieved by:
selection and mutual combination of 3D printing materials.
Further, the control of the wettability in the step (5) is achieved by:
after the artificial rock core is formed, the surface of the pore structure is modified by a chemical agent.
Further, the chemical agent is ethanol or toluene.
Further, the scanning of the stratum core of the reservoir in the step (1) is completed in an unstressed state.
Further, the high-precision Micro-CT instrument in the step (1) is provided with a high-voltage X-ray system.
Further, the spatial resolution of the high-precision Micro-CT instrument in the step (1) is 5 μm.
Further, the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(21) sequentially denoising the image of the surface substitute layer obtained in the step (1);
(22) and (3) carrying out binarization processing on the image of the representative surface layer processed in the step (21).
Further, the image processing software in step (3) is ImageJ or Fiji or Avizo.
Further, the internal structure in the digital image of the pore structure morphology and distribution in step (3) includes pores, throats and particle distribution.
Further, the format of the digital model recognizable by the 3D printer in step (4) is the.
On the microscopic scale, the invention can ensure that the pore structure of a model printed by 3D is the same as the pore structure of different-level hypertonic strips of a real reservoir identified by Micro-CT scanning (because the pore structure is obtained by scanning and processing a real core taken on site, the 3D printing is carried out according to the pore structure, and the obtained structures are completely the same); the extreme water washing zone, the strong water flooding zone and the weak water driving zone (the three zones) of the reservoir water driving are combined into the same model by using image processing software, and the high permeability zones of different levels are distributed in a staggered manner and communicated with each other, so that the characteristics of distribution, saturation, migration and the like in the plugging process of the oil-water two-phase fluid and the chemical plugging agent are better disclosed.
The combined model can be constructed by combining the actual prosodic features of the stratum obtained by means of logging data, microseismic detection and the like during design.
The method utilizes 3D printing to manufacture a model consistent with the pore structure of a CT scanning image, and utilizes an image processing method to penetrate the obtained models with different permeabilities together according to different thickness proportions to form a new pore model (comprising the following steps of 1, penetrating pore channels at the joints of the models with different permeabilities by ImageJ, 2, setting different combination proportions of the models by Mimics, and 3, forming a 3D combination model).
Aiming at the complex wettability characteristics of the actual reservoir, different printing models and pore structure surface modification technologies are selected to construct a printing model capable of reflecting the actual wettability of the actual reservoir.
The invention has the following effects: the method for simulating the different-grade high-permeability strip cores of the reservoir through 3D printing has the following beneficial effects:
(1) and obtaining three-dimensional pore structures, effective porosity and pore size distribution of different-grade high-permeability strip rock cores by adopting a high-precision Micro-CT instrument and image processing software.
(2) A digital image three-dimensional reconstruction technology is adopted to establish a three-zone reservoir digital model (namely a model made by three-dimensional reconstruction software) and a transparent visual 3D model (namely a solid model made by a 3D printer).
(3) The 3D printing realizes the rapid molding of pore structures with real combination proportion, staggered distribution, mutual communication and consistent wettability of different grades of high-permeability strips.
(4) The method can help to deeply research the fluid displacement rule of different-grade high-permeability strips of the reservoir and improve the oil reservoir recovery ratio.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an image of a representative surface layer extracted along a seepage direction from CT graphic data of formation cores of different levels of a reservoir;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the image of FIG. 1 after being processed by steps (2) and (3);
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a parallel combinatorial model.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a tilt combination model.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pore model having the same pore structure and wettability as a formation core of a reservoir.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention.
In the seven region of londong, West Ng63+4A test unit is selected from the southeast part to carry out a corresponding simulation experiment:
the method for simulating different-grade hypertonic strip cores of the reservoir through 3D printing comprises the following steps:
(1) scanning and identifying stratum (namely West Ng6 of Qin district of east alone) of reservoir based on high-precision Micro-CT (Micro-focus X-ray CT) instrument3+4Test unit of southeast east) core scanning to obtain CT graphic data of stratum core of different levels of the reservoir, and then extracting images of representative layers of different levels from the CT graphic data of stratum core of different levels of the reservoir along the seepage direction (specifically shown in figure 1), wherein:
in the step (1), the stratum core of the reservoir is scanned in an unstressed state;
the high-precision Micro-CT instrument in the step (1) is provided with a high-voltage X-ray system;
and (2) the spatial resolution of the high-precision Micro-CT instrument in the step (1) is 5 microns. The high-precision Micro-CT instrument can adopt commercially available equipment: shimadzu microfocus X-ray CT system instexXio SMX-100 CT.
(2) Sequentially processing the representative layer images of different levels obtained in the step (1) to sequentially obtain digital images of pore structure forms and distribution of the extreme water washing zone, the strong water flooding zone and the weak water flooding zone, and the method comprises the following steps:
(21) sequentially denoising the image of the surface substitute layer obtained in the step (1);
(22) and (3) carrying out binarization processing on the image of the representative surface layer processed in the step (21), wherein the binarization processing distinguishes a substrate and a base body in the image of the representative surface layer so as to facilitate identification and extraction in the step (3).
(3) According to the change of the image parameters of the scanned rock core, automatically identifying and extracting cracks and pores in the digital image of the pore structure form and distribution obtained in the step (2) through image processing software, such as a model pore-throat ratio, geometric topological parameters and the like, and obtaining internal structures (shown in a specific figure 2) in the digital image of the pore structure form and distribution of different levels, wherein:
and (4) the image processing software in the step (3) is ImageJ. In another embodiment the image processing software in step (3) is Fiji. In another embodiment, the image processing software in step (3) is Avizo.
And (4) the internal structure in the digital image of the pore structure form and distribution in the step (3) comprises pores, throats and particle distribution.
(4) And (2) generating digital models (shown in specific figures 3 and 4) which are the same as the formation core pore structure of the reservoir and can be identified by a 3D printer, of different levels, by aiming at the pore structure forms of the different levels obtained in the step (3) and the internal structures in the distributed digital images, in a digital image three-dimensional reconstruction mode, wherein:
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a parallel combination model, which shows scanned images of an extreme water washing zone, a strong water flooding zone and a weak water flooding zone ("three zones") of a reservoir in terms of longitudinal permeability from left to right of 1d, 2d and 5d, respectively, and thickness ratio of 2: 6: 2, combining into a new model;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a slant combination model, which slants reservoir extreme water wash zone, strong water flood zone and weak water flood zone ("triple zone") scan images at a longitudinal permeability of 1d, 2d, 5d from left to right, respectively.
(5) And sequentially carrying out 3D printing on the digital models obtained in the step (4) of different continuous grades to obtain the artificial core with the same pore structure and wettability as the stratum core of the reservoir, which is specifically shown in FIG. 5, wherein:
in the step (5), the digital models with different grades are combined together into the interpenetrated artificial rock core with different grades in the following way:
manufacturing seepage models with different longitudinal permeability and different thickness proportion based on a 3D printing technology;
connectivity between different levels of the digitized model enables free flow between adjacent bands through image processing means.
The control of the wettability in the step (5) is realized by the following steps:
selection and mutual combination of 3D printing materials.
In another embodiment the control of the wettability in step (5) is achieved by:
after the artificial core is formed, the surface of the pore structure is modified by a chemical agent (ethanol or toluene).
Further, the format of the digital model recognizable by the 3D printer in step (4) is the format of stl. In another embodiment, the format of the digital model recognizable by the 3D printer in the step (4) is an ant format.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. The method for simulating different-grade hypertonic strip cores of the reservoir through 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) scanning stratum rock cores of a reservoir based on high-precision Micro-CT (Micro-computed tomography) instrument scanning identification to obtain stratum rock core CT graphic data of different levels of the reservoir, and then extracting surface-representative images of different levels from the stratum rock core CT graphic data of different levels of the reservoir along a seepage direction;
(2) sequentially processing the representative layer images of different levels obtained in the step (1) to sequentially obtain digital images of pore structure forms and distribution of the extreme water washing zone, the strong water flooding zone and the weak water flooding zone;
(3) automatically identifying and extracting cracks and pores in the digital image of the pore structure form and distribution obtained in the step (2) sequentially through image processing software to obtain the pore structure forms of different grades and the internal structures in the digital image of the distribution;
(4) generating digital models which are identical to the stratum core pore structure of the reservoir and can be identified by a 3D printer in different levels by means of digital image three-dimensional reconstruction aiming at the pore structure forms and the internal structures in the distributed digital images in different levels obtained in the step (3);
(5) and (4) sequentially carrying out 3D printing on the digital models obtained in the step (4) of different continuous grades to obtain the artificial rock core with the same pore structure and wettability as the stratum rock core of the reservoir.
2. The method for simulating different-order hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the digital models of different orders are grouped together into the artificial cores containing different orders and communicated with each other in the step (5) through the following modes:
manufacturing seepage models with different longitudinal permeability and different thickness proportion based on a 3D printing technology;
connectivity between different levels of the digitized model enables free flow between adjacent bands through image processing means.
3. The method for simulating different-order hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the control on wettability in the step (5) is realized through the following steps:
selection and mutual combination of 3D printing materials.
4. The method for simulating different-order hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the control on wettability in the step (5) is realized through the following steps:
after the artificial rock core is formed, the surface of the pore structure is modified by a chemical agent.
5. The method for simulating different-grade hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing according to claim 4, wherein the chemical agent is ethanol or toluene.
6. The method for simulating different-grade hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the scanning of the stratum cores of the reservoir in the step (1) is completed in an unstressed state.
7. The method for simulating different-order hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the high-precision Micro-CT instrument in the step (1) is provided with a high-voltage X-ray system.
8. The method for simulating different-order hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the spatial resolution of the high-precision Micro-CT instrument in the step (1) is 5 μm.
9. The method for simulating different-grade hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(21) sequentially denoising the image of the surface substitute layer obtained in the step (1);
(22) and (3) carrying out binarization processing on the image of the representative surface layer processed in the step (21).
10. The method for simulating different-grade hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the image processing software in the step (3) is ImageJ or Fiji or Avizo.
11. The method for simulating different-grade hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the internal structure in the digital image of the pore structure morphology and distribution in the step (3) comprises pores, throats and particle distribution.
12. The method for simulating different-grade hypertonic strip cores of a reservoir through 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the format of the digital model which can be recognized by the 3D printer in the step (4) is the stl format or the ant format.
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