CN114427940B - High-pressure hydrogen leakage detection method and system - Google Patents
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006757 chemical reactions by type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/24—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: sensing ultrasonic waves generated when the high-pressure hydrogen storage device leaks hydrogen by using the fiber bragg grating; emitting initial light to the fiber bragg grating by using a broad spectrum light source of a demodulator; the initial light generates reflected light on the deformed fiber grating; the demodulator is used for detecting the wavelength of the reflected light to obtain specific wavelength; calculating the center wavelength drift amount according to the specific wavelength based on a temperature compensation principle; and judging whether a hydrogen leakage accident occurs according to the central wavelength drift amount. The invention is based on the advantages of small volume, wide detection range, high precision, strong stability, good real-time performance and the like of the fiber bragg grating, and the invention utilizes the ultrasonic wave to identify the hydrogen leakage on the premise that the leakage source is generated along with the ultrasonic wave when the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen fuel vehicle leaks, thereby improving the accuracy of the high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection and positioning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sensor detection, in particular to a high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection method and system.
Background
The hydrogen energy is helpful for realizing the peak of carbon and the aim of carbon neutralization in China. In order to complete the carbon neutralization task and achieve the strategic goal of petroleum safety in China, the popularization of hydrogen energy vehicles will become necessary in the traffic field in China.
The existing hydrogen fuel vehicle mostly adopts a gaseous high-pressure hydrogen storage mode in the aspect of fuel storage, but the hydrogen gas high-pressure storage tank of the hydrogen fuel vehicle has the danger of hydrogen leakage due to the factors such as accidental collision of the vehicle or equipment aging. The wide flammable range, the rapid propagation speed and the low ignition energy of the hydrogen enable potential safety hazards of the hydrogen to be high, and the hydrogen safety problem becomes a key for future popularization of hydrogen fuel vehicles. When a hydrogen leakage accident occurs, if the leakage source can be positioned as soon as possible so as to cut off the supply of hydrogen and a corresponding ventilation scheme is adopted according to the leakage position, the risk of hydrogen leakage and deflagration is greatly reduced. However, because of fewer accident models of hydrogen leakage of the hydrogen fuel vehicle and imperfect investigation of accident causes, the position of the leakage source possibly becomes difficult to predict, and a method for rapidly positioning the hydrogen leakage source after the accident occurs is also rarely explored.
The hydrogen is colorless and odorless, the human body cannot perceive, the existing hydrogen leakage source positioning often adopts multi-hydrogen sensor arrangement to detect hydrogen leakage and positions the leakage source through algorithm processing, and the positioning result precision and the positioning speed of the leakage source depend on the selection of the positions and the number of the sensors. The single sensor is in point detection, the detection range is small, and the measurement stability and timeliness are poor. The stability of measurement can be improved in the multisensor arrangement, but the intervention that the sensor was regarded as the barrier makes measuring result error increase, influences the accuracy of result, and current hydrogen sensor arrangement scheme that is arranged for hydrogen leak detection in the hydrogen fuel car is not ripe simultaneously, hardly fixes a position the position that the leakage took place fast.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection method and a system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a high pressure hydrogen leak detection method comprising:
sensing ultrasonic waves generated when the high-pressure hydrogen storage device is leaked by using fiber gratings at different preset positions; the fiber bragg grating deforms under the action of the ultrasonic wave;
emitting initial light to the fiber bragg grating by using a broad spectrum light source of a demodulator; the initial light is incident to the fiber bragg grating through the circulator; the initial light generates reflected light on the deformed fiber grating; the reflected light is reflected back to the demodulator;
the demodulator is used for detecting the wavelength of the reflected light to obtain specific wavelength;
calculating the center wavelength drift amount according to the specific wavelength based on a temperature compensation principle;
judging whether wavelength drift occurs according to the central wavelength drift amount, and if so, determining that the hydrogen leakage accident occurs.
Preferably, the determining whether the wavelength drift occurs according to the central wavelength drift amount, if so, determining that the hydrogen leakage accident occurs, further includes:
determining ultrasonic sound pressure according to the center wavelength drift amount obtained by calculation of the fiber bragg gratings at different positions;
and determining the leakage source position according to the attenuation behavior relation of the ultrasonic wave in the non-uniform medium and the sound pressure.
Preferably, the formula for determining the ultrasonic sound pressure according to the center wavelength drift amount calculated by the fiber bragg gratings at different positions is as follows:
wherein lambda is B E represents the elastic modulus of the material, n, for the center wavelength of the grating eff Is the effective refractive index of the grating, p 11 、p 12 A first constant and a second constant associated with the ultrasound propagation medium, respectively; Δλ (delta lambda) B The center wavelength drift amount; and p is the ultrasonic sound pressure.
Preferably, the determining the leakage source position according to the damping behavior relation of the ultrasonic wave in the inhomogeneous medium and the sound pressure includes:
determining the distance between the first position and a leakage source according to the preset relation between the sound pressure and the attenuation behavior of the first position, and recording the distance as a first distance;
determining the distance between the second position and a leakage source according to the preset relation between the sound pressure and the attenuation behavior of the second position, and recording the distance as a second distance;
determining the distance between the first position and the second position, and recording the distance as a third distance;
the leakage source location is determined from the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance based on a geometric relationship of triangles.
Preferably, the formula of the damping behavior relation is:
wherein p is 1 For said sound pressure at the first position,for the first distance, p 2 For said sound pressure in the second position,for said second distance f is frequency, < >>In order to be +.>For the attenuated reference position +.>Diffusion attenuation coefficient at location, +.>In order to be +.>For the attenuated reference position +.>Absorption and scattering attenuation coefficients at the location.
A high pressure hydrogen leak detection system comprising:
the ultrasonic sensing module is used for sensing ultrasonic waves generated when the high-pressure hydrogen storage device leaks hydrogen by using fiber gratings at different preset positions; the fiber bragg grating deforms under the action of the ultrasonic wave;
the emission module is used for emitting initial light to the fiber bragg grating by using a broad spectrum light source of the demodulator; the initial light is incident to the fiber bragg grating through the circulator; the initial light generates reflected light on the deformed fiber grating; the reflected light is reflected back to the demodulator;
the wavelength detection module is used for detecting the wavelength of the reflected light by using the demodulator to obtain a specific wavelength;
the calculation module is used for calculating the center wavelength drift amount according to the specific wavelength based on a temperature compensation principle;
and the accident determination module is used for judging whether wavelength drift occurs according to the central wavelength drift amount, and if so, determining that the hydrogen leakage accident occurs.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
the sound pressure determining module is used for determining ultrasonic sound pressure according to the center wavelength drift amount obtained by calculation of the fiber bragg gratings at different positions;
and the position determining module is used for determining the position of the leakage source according to the attenuation behavior relation of the ultrasonic wave in the inhomogeneous medium and the sound pressure.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: sensing ultrasonic waves generated when the high-pressure hydrogen storage device is leaked by using fiber gratings at different preset positions; the fiber bragg grating deforms under the action of the ultrasonic wave; emitting initial light to the fiber bragg grating by using a broad spectrum light source of a demodulator; the initial light is incident to the fiber bragg grating through the circulator; the initial light generates reflected light on the deformed fiber grating; the reflected light is reflected back to the demodulator; the demodulator is used for detecting the wavelength of the reflected light to obtain specific wavelength; calculating the center wavelength drift amount according to the specific wavelength based on a temperature compensation principle; judging whether wavelength drift occurs according to the central wavelength drift amount, and if so, determining that the hydrogen leakage accident occurs. The invention is based on the advantages of small volume, wide detection range, high precision, strong stability, good real-time performance and the like of the fiber bragg grating, and considers that the hydrogen leakage is identified by utilizing the stress effect of the ultrasonic wave on the fiber bragg grating on the premise that the leakage source is generated along with the ultrasonic wave when the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen fuel vehicle leaks, and the hydrogen leakage source is positioned through the space geometric relationship in the specific embodiment, thereby improving the accuracy of the high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection and positioning.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a high pressure hydrogen leak detection method in an embodiment provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of hydrogen leak detection in a first case of an embodiment provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of hydrogen leak detection in a second case of an embodiment provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a high pressure hydrogen leak detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" and the like in the description and in the claims of this application and in the drawings, are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular sequential order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, inclusion of a list of steps, processes, methods, etc. is not limited to the listed steps but may alternatively include steps not listed or may alternatively include other steps inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.
The invention aims to provide a high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection method and a high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection system, which can improve the accuracy of high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection and positioning.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection method, including:
step 100: sensing ultrasonic waves generated when the high-pressure hydrogen storage device is leaked by using fiber gratings at different preset positions; the fiber bragg grating deforms under the action of the ultrasonic wave;
step 200: emitting initial light to the fiber bragg grating by using a broad spectrum light source of a demodulator; the initial light is incident to the fiber bragg grating through the circulator; the initial light generates reflected light on the deformed fiber grating; the reflected light is reflected back to the demodulator;
step 300: the demodulator is used for detecting the wavelength of the reflected light to obtain specific wavelength;
step 400: calculating the center wavelength drift amount according to the specific wavelength based on a temperature compensation principle;
step 500: judging whether wavelength drift occurs according to the central wavelength drift amount, and if so, determining that the hydrogen leakage accident occurs.
Specifically, when hydrogen leakage occurs in a certain position of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device, supersonic jet with a high-underexpansion structure is formed at the hydrogen leakage source and is generated along with ultrasonic waves. Due to the propagation law and attenuation characteristics of ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic sound pressure at different positions around the hydrogen leakage source will vary with the propagation distance, i.e. the distance from the position to the leakage source.
Preferably, the determining whether the wavelength drift occurs according to the central wavelength drift amount, if so, determining that the hydrogen leakage accident occurs, further includes:
determining ultrasonic sound pressure according to the center wavelength drift amount obtained by calculation of the fiber bragg gratings at different positions;
and determining the leakage source position according to the attenuation behavior relation of the ultrasonic wave in the non-uniform medium and the sound pressure.
Alternatively, the propagation of the ultrasonic wave has the characteristic of non-contact, and the ultrasonic signal propagated in the medium exists mainly in the form of a mechanical stress wave. In the ultrasonic wave transmission process, the energy has diffusion attenuation, absorption attenuation and scattering attenuation, and the sound pressures of the ultrasonic waves at different positions in space are also different. For diffusion attenuation, the propagation distance of stress wave is deduced assuming point sound source in infinite mediumRelationship between separation and sound pressure. Is provided with a point sound source positionedPosition. The stress wave propagates in an infinite ideal medium without energy loss during propagation. When the sound wave propagates in the medium to +.>Position, where sound pressure is p 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the sound wave propagates in the medium to +.>Position, where sound pressure is p 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The ratio of the acoustic die at two positions is
It is known that the sound pressure of a point sound source is inversely proportional to the propagation distance of an acoustic wave with respect to the diffusion attenuation of the ultrasonic wave. The relationship between absorption attenuation and scattering attenuation and the propagation distance of sound waves can be described by an exponential model related to the frequency of sound waves, and the diffusion attenuation is expressed as an exponential form related to the propagation distance, and the ultrasonic waves are generated from the non-uniform medium due to various effectsSpread to->The decay behavior relation of (2) is:
wherein p is 1 Is thatSound pressure at, p 2 Is->Sound pressure at that point. />Meaning in +.>For the attenuated reference position +.>Diffusion attenuation coefficient at the location. />Meaning in +.>For the attenuated reference position +.>The absorption and scattering attenuation coefficients at the location are also referred to as the material attenuation coefficients. The sound pressure of ultrasonic waves in a space is known to be related to the propagation distance.
Preferably, the formula for determining the ultrasonic sound pressure according to the center wavelength drift amount calculated by the fiber bragg gratings at different positions is as follows:
wherein lambda is B E represents the elastic modulus of the material, n, for the center wavelength of the grating eff Is the effective refractive index of the grating, p 11 、p 12 A first constant and a second constant associated with the ultrasound propagation medium, respectively; Δλ (delta lambda) B The center wavelength drift amount; and p is the ultrasonic sound pressure.
Further, after light emitted by the broad spectrum light source of the demodulator is incident to the fiber grating through the circulator, light with a specific wavelength is reflected to the demodulation device, and the central wavelength of the reflected light is shifted due to the deformation of the grating. And gratings at different locations will change due to the different reflected light center wavelengths of the pressure wave. The ultrasonic wave transmission process can be regarded as the simultaneous action of an expansion wave and a compression wave, and a certain point in the medium will vibrate along the wave transmission direction. Because the optical fiber has the strongest capability of sensing axial stress, ultrasonic waves are mainly transmitted along the axial direction of the grating in a longitudinal stress wave mode, and the grating area structure of the optical fiber grating generates axial strain under the action of the ultrasonic waves. When the fiber grating is subjected to periodic stress, dynamic expansion and contraction are formed in the axial direction of the fiber grating, so that the grating structure and the characteristics are periodically changed, and the central wavelength of the reflected light of the grating is changed; reflected light of gratings at different positions is reflected back to the demodulator, and specific wavelength is detected through photoelectric conversion and wavelength detection; and calculating the central wavelength drift amount through temperature compensation treatment, and if wavelength drift occurs, identifying the occurrence of hydrogen leakage accidents.
Optionally, if wavelength drift occurs, the relationship between the wavelength drift amount of the fiber bragg grating and the ultrasonic sound pressure p is as follows:
wherein lambda is B E represents the elastic modulus of the material, n, for the center wavelength of the grating eff Is the effective refractive index of the grating, p 11 、p 12 Is a constant related to the ultrasound propagation medium.
Preferably, the determining the leakage source position according to the damping behavior relation of the ultrasonic wave in the inhomogeneous medium and the sound pressure includes:
determining the distance between the first position and a leakage source according to the preset relation between the sound pressure and the attenuation behavior of the first position, and recording the distance as a first distance;
determining the distance between the second position and a leakage source according to the preset relation between the sound pressure and the attenuation behavior of the second position, and recording the distance as a second distance;
determining the distance between the first position and the second position, and recording the distance as a third distance;
the leakage source location is determined from the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance based on a geometric relationship of triangles.
As an alternative embodiment, the sound pressure can be deduced according to equation (3) based on the wavelength shift measured by the gratings at different positions, and the propagation distance of the sound wave to the gratings can be deduced according to equation (2). As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the hydrogen leakage direction in fig. 2 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the grating, the hydrogen leakage direction in fig. 3 is not perpendicular to the axial direction of the grating, an O point is set as a leakage source, a point M is an mth scale grating, a point N is an nth scale grating, and the position of the leakage source can be deduced according to the triangle geometry. The center wavelength drift detected at the mth scale grating is delta lambda m The sound pressure p received by the grating can be deduced from (3) m From (2), it can be deduced that the acoustic wave propagates from the leakage source at this point by the distance r m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The center wavelength drift detected at the nth scale grating is delta lambda n The sound pressure p received by the grating can be deduced from (3) n From (2), it can be deduced that the acoustic wave propagates from the leakage source at this point by the distance r n The method comprises the following steps:
Δλ m →p m →r m Δλ n →p n →r n
in the triangle ONM, the side length NM is the distance between the mth scale grating and the nth scale grating, which is easy to obtain by the calculation of the grating pitch of the grating, and the side length OM is r m The side length ON is r n The sizes of the three sides of the triangle are known, namely the side length NM, OM and ON, the side length NM position is determined, and the O point position, namely the leakage source position, can be determined by the geometric relationship of the triangle. Fig. 2 shows a case where the hydrogen leakage direction is perpendicular to the grating axial direction, and fig. 3 shows a case where the hydrogen leakage direction is not perpendicular to the grating axial direction, and the method provided by the present invention is applicable to both cases.
Further, the different position grating combinations will push out a set of leakage source positions from which the leakage source position is ultimately determined.
Preferably, the formula of the damping behavior relation is:
wherein p is 1 For said sound pressure at the first position,for the first distance, p 2 For said sound pressure in the second position,for said second distance f is frequency, < >>In order to be +.>For the attenuated reference position +.>Diffusion attenuation coefficient at location, +.>In order to be +.>For the attenuated reference position +.>Absorption and scattering attenuation coefficients at the location.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, and in this embodiment, a high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection system is further provided, which specifically includes:
the ultrasonic sensing module is used for sensing ultrasonic waves generated when the high-pressure hydrogen storage device leaks hydrogen by using fiber gratings at different preset positions; the fiber bragg grating deforms under the action of the ultrasonic wave;
the emission module is used for emitting initial light to the fiber bragg grating by using a broad spectrum light source of the demodulator; the initial light is incident to the fiber bragg grating through the circulator; the initial light generates reflected light on the deformed fiber grating; the reflected light is reflected back to the demodulator;
the wavelength detection module is used for detecting the wavelength of the reflected light by using the demodulator to obtain a specific wavelength;
the calculation module is used for calculating the center wavelength drift amount according to the specific wavelength based on a temperature compensation principle;
and the accident determination module is used for judging whether wavelength drift occurs according to the central wavelength drift amount, and if so, determining that the hydrogen leakage accident occurs.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
the sound pressure determining module is used for determining ultrasonic sound pressure according to the center wavelength drift amount obtained by calculation of the fiber bragg gratings at different positions;
and the position determining module is used for determining the position of the leakage source according to the attenuation behavior relation of the ultrasonic wave in the inhomogeneous medium and the sound pressure.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The fiber bragg grating sensor is arranged in a high-pressure hydrogen use field so as to detect hydrogen leakage, and is used as a passive device without power supply, has the characteristic of strong electromagnetic interference resistance, and can not become an ignition source when hydrogen leaks;
(2) The method has the advantages that the hydrogen leakage is detected under the stress action of the ultrasonic wave generated during the high-pressure hydrogen leakage on the fiber grating sensor, compared with the detection of the hydrogen leakage by the chemical reaction type hydrogen sensor, the detection speed is higher, the fiber grating sensor has the advantages of high precision, good stability, long transmission distance, good instantaneity and the like;
(3) The array fiber grating sensor is adopted, the detection range is wide, and the position layout research of multiple hydrogen sensors is not needed; the array fiber grating sensor can also estimate the leakage source position through grating detection of different positions based on the space geometric relationship.
(4) The invention is non-contact detection, and a sensor is not required to be arranged on the body of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A high pressure hydrogen leak detection method, comprising:
sensing ultrasonic waves generated when the high-pressure hydrogen storage device is leaked by using fiber gratings at different preset positions; the fiber bragg grating deforms under the action of the ultrasonic wave;
emitting initial light to the fiber bragg grating by using a broad spectrum light source of a demodulator; the initial light is incident to the fiber bragg grating through the circulator; the initial light generates reflected light on the deformed fiber grating; the reflected light is reflected back to the demodulator;
the demodulator is used for detecting the wavelength of the reflected light to obtain specific wavelength;
calculating the center wavelength drift amount according to the specific wavelength based on a temperature compensation principle;
judging whether wavelength drift occurs according to the central wavelength drift amount, if so, determining that a hydrogen leakage accident occurs;
determining ultrasonic sound pressure according to the center wavelength drift amount obtained by calculation of the fiber bragg gratings at different positions;
and determining the leakage source position according to the attenuation behavior relation of the ultrasonic wave in the non-uniform medium and the sound pressure.
2. The high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection method according to claim 1, wherein the formula for determining the ultrasonic sound pressure according to the center wavelength shift amount calculated by the fiber gratings at different positions is:
wherein lambda is B E represents the elastic modulus of the material, n, for the center wavelength of the grating eff Is the effective refractive index of the grating, p 11 、p 12 A first constant and a second constant associated with the ultrasound propagation medium, respectively; Δλ (delta lambda) B The center wavelength drift amount; and p is the ultrasonic sound pressure.
3. The high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the leakage source position from the sound pressure and the attenuation behavior relation of the ultrasonic wave in the inhomogeneous medium includes:
determining the distance between the first position and a leakage source according to the preset relation between the sound pressure and the attenuation behavior of the first position, and recording the distance as a first distance;
determining the distance between the second position and a leakage source according to the preset relation between the sound pressure and the attenuation behavior of the second position, and recording the distance as a second distance;
determining the distance between the first position and the second position, and recording the distance as a third distance;
the leakage source location is determined from the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance based on a geometric relationship of triangles.
4. The high-pressure hydrogen leakage detection method according to claim 3, wherein the equation of the decay behavior relation is:
wherein p is 1 For said sound pressure at the first position,for the first distance, p 2 For said sound pressure in the second position, +.>For said second distance f is frequency, < >>In order to be +.>For the attenuated reference position +.>Diffusion attenuation coefficient at location, +.>In order to be +.>For the attenuated reference position +.>Absorption and scattering attenuation coefficients at the location.
5. A high pressure hydrogen leak detection system, comprising:
the ultrasonic sensing module is used for sensing ultrasonic waves generated when the high-pressure hydrogen storage device leaks hydrogen by using fiber gratings at different preset positions; the fiber bragg grating deforms under the action of the ultrasonic wave;
the emission module is used for emitting initial light to the fiber bragg grating by using a broad spectrum light source of the demodulator; the initial light is incident to the fiber bragg grating through the circulator; the initial light generates reflected light on the deformed fiber grating; the reflected light is reflected back to the demodulator;
the wavelength detection module is used for detecting the wavelength of the reflected light by using the demodulator to obtain a specific wavelength;
the calculation module is used for calculating the center wavelength drift amount according to the specific wavelength based on a temperature compensation principle;
the accident determination module is used for judging whether wavelength drift occurs according to the central wavelength drift amount, and if so, determining that the hydrogen leakage accident occurs;
the sound pressure determining module is used for determining ultrasonic sound pressure according to the center wavelength drift amount obtained by calculation of the fiber bragg gratings at different positions;
and the position determining module is used for determining the position of the leakage source according to the attenuation behavior relation of the ultrasonic wave in the inhomogeneous medium and the sound pressure.
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