CN114427562A

CN114427562A - Centrifuge low-speed gear shaft and machining process thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114427562A
Application number: CN202111500550.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王凯
Original assignee: Jiangyin Kaihua Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangyin Kaihua Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-09
Filing date: 2021-12-09
Publication date: 2022-05-03

Abstract

The invention discloses a centrifuge low-speed gear shaft and a processing technology thereof, wherein the centrifuge low-speed gear shaft comprises a shaft body and a high-speed wheel, and is characterized in that: the high-speed wheel is arranged on the surface of the shaft body, a first through hole is formed in the top of the shaft body, an internal spline is formed in the shaft body and positioned at the bottom of the first through hole, an inner hole is formed in the shaft body and positioned at the bottom of the internal spline, a second through hole is formed in the shaft body and positioned at the bottom of the inner hole, the shaft body comprises a shaft head, a shaft middle and a shaft tail, mounting grooves are formed in two sides of the shaft middle, a second spring is fixedly connected to one side, adjacent to the internal spline, of each mounting groove, and a sealing block is fixedly connected to one end, far away from the inner wall of each mounting groove, of each second spring.

Description

Centrifuge low-speed gear shaft and machining process thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of gear shafts, in particular to a low-speed gear shaft of a centrifugal machine and a processing technology thereof.

Background

The gear shaft is a mechanical transmission type, has the same functions as a flat key, a semicircular key and an inclined key and is used for transmitting mechanical torque, a longitudinal key groove is formed in the outer surface of the shaft, a rotating part sleeved on the shaft is also provided with a corresponding key groove, the rotating part can keep rotating synchronously with the shaft, and some gear shafts can also longitudinally slide on the shaft while rotating, such as a gear shifting gear of a gearbox and the like.

However, the conventional key shaft and the processing technology thereof have some disadvantages in the using process, such as:

the existing gear shaft can only add lubricating oil when the gear shaft needs to stop running, the machine is closed when the lubricating oil needs to be added, the lubricating oil cannot be automatically added, the working difficulty of workers is increased, and the working efficiency is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a low-speed gear shaft of a centrifugal machine and a processing technology thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the high-speed wheel comprises a shaft body and a high-speed wheel, wherein the surface of the shaft body is provided with the high-speed wheel, the top of the shaft body is provided with a first through hole, an internal spline is arranged in the shaft body and positioned at the bottom of the first through hole, an inner hole is arranged in the shaft body and positioned at the bottom of the internal spline, a second through hole is arranged in the shaft body and positioned at the bottom of the inner hole, the shaft body comprises a shaft head, a shaft center and a shaft tail, both sides of the shaft center are provided with mounting grooves, one side of each mounting groove adjacent to the internal spline is fixedly connected with a second spring, one end of the second spring, far away from the inner wall of the mounting groove, is fixedly connected with a sealing block, an oil feeding hole is arranged in the sealing block, a second liquid outlet hole is arranged in the shaft and positioned between the internal spline and the bottom of the side wall of the mounting groove, both sides of the shaft head are provided with liquid storage tanks, one end, far away from the internal spline, and the mounting groove are provided with a first liquid outlet hole, the top of the liquid storage tank is provided with a liquid inlet hole, and a sealing mechanism is arranged in the liquid inlet hole

Wherein, the cross-section of the oil feeding hole is of an L-shaped structure, and the sealing block is connected with the inner wall of the mounting groove in a sliding manner

Wherein, sealing mechanism includes fixed disk, first spring, mount and ball sealer, the inside fixedly connected with fixed disk in feed liquor hole, fixed disk bottom fixedly connected with mount, the inside block of fixed disk is connected with the ball sealer, the first spring of fixedly connected with between ball sealer and the mount

The fixed disc is internally provided with a mounting hole matched with the sealing ball, the cross section of the mounting hole is circular, and the diameter of the mounting hole is smaller than that of the sealing ball.

Wherein, the process comprises the following steps: s1, inspecting raw materials, carrying out UT flaw detection on the shaft body, carrying out isolation and retesting when the ultrasonic flaw detection exists or is suspected to have defects, and timely marking scrappage when the defects exceed the standard;

s2, finish turning, namely finish turning the shaft body, clamping the excircle at the shaft tail of the shaft body, then turning the end face, and turning around the excircle at the shaft head of the shaft body;

s3, carrying out cold forging, namely machining a key groove in the middle of the shaft by using the cold forging method, wherein the width of the key groove is 70-0.074mm, and the length of the key groove is 200+2 mm;

s4, inserting an internal spline, and processing the internal spline by using a numerical control gear shaping machine to ensure that the length of the rolling mark is 140 +/-0.1;

s5, checking and detecting the jumping amount of each place;

s6 nitriding, nitriding the inner spline and the flange, coating an anti-seepage agent on the excircle part for seepage prevention, nitriding the nitrided layer with the depth of more than 0.3mm, wherein the hardness threshold value is 400HV, and the surface hardness is more than or equal to 550 HV;

s7 shot peening treatment, shot peening treatment is carried out on the shaft body and the internalization key;

s8 hot-fitting, wherein an integral heating mode is adopted before assembly, a heating equipment instrument and a temperature measurement and heat treatment tempering furnace are heated, the heating temperature is lower than 160 ℃, the heating temperature is monitored and recorded, and the high-speed wheel and the shaft body are hot-fitted;

s9, cooling, taking out the shaft body, and spraying cooling liquid to the surface of the shaft body through a spray head, wherein the cooling liquid is saline water with salt content of 1.2%;

s10, finish turning after assembly, finish turning the excircle, end face and plane of the assembled high-speed wheel and axle body, and rechecking;

s11 acid washing: firstly, completely cleaning a part by adopting a professional industrial degreasing and degreasing agent to ensure that grease and dirt on the surface of the part are removed, carrying out secondary rinsing after cleaning is finished, putting the part into a prepared nitric acid solution after rinsing is finished, slightly rotating the part to enable the surface of the part to be uniformly corroded, taking out the part after a uniform black oxide film is generated on the surface, putting the part into a clean water tank for rinsing to remove the surface nitric acid solution, putting the part into a prepared hydrochloric acid solution, slightly rotating the part for uniform reaction until the surface black fades and uniform gray is generated, taking out the part, immersing the part into the clean water tank for rinsing to remove the surface hydrochloric acid solution, immersing the cleaned part into a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, taking out the part after 10-60 seconds, immersing the part into the clean water tank for rinsing to remove the residual alkaline solution, and removing the surface moisture of the part by adopting dry high-pressure gas, and continuing to circulate after the moisture of the part is volatilized.

The shaft body and the high-speed wheel are forbidden to use a magnetic crane, a magnetic chuck and the like to process and carry workpieces in the machining process, and damage is avoided.

Wherein, the maximum position of the end surface clearance is not more than 0.25mm in a completely cooled state after the shaft body and the high-speed wheel are hot-assembled.

Wherein, any collision injury after heat treatment needs magnetic powder detection after polishing, demagnetization needs to be carried out after magnetic powder flaw detection, and instruments are adopted for detection, and the maximum remanence does not exceed 5 Gauss.

And after the cleaning, soaking the part into an antirust pool for rust prevention.

After the pickling, a burn contrast sample is needed, and whether burn inspection caused by overheating of machining and grinding exists on the surface of the part is judged according to the surface color condition.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. when this axis body rotates, make the sealed piece remove to the direction of keeping away from each other under the effect of centrifugal force, and tensile second spring, when oil feeding hole aligns with first liquid outlet, the inside lubricating oil of reservoir gets into through first liquid outlet in the oil feeding hole, lubricating oil through oil feeding hole can enter into the mounting groove bottom, then go out the liquid hole through the second and enter into in the internal spline, can lubricate the internal spline, reduce wear, when this axis body stall, under the resilience effect of second spring, make the second spring drive sealed piece resume to initial position, thereby make the sealed piece can seal first liquid outlet, avoid lubricating oil to drip, can play the switching action, realize automatic adding lubricating oil, improve the practicality that can this gear shaft.

2. When needs are with adding lubricating oil in the reservoir, insert feed liquor downthehole portion with the conveyer pipe, then to feed liquor downthehole portion transport lubricating oil, when the pressure of carrying lubricating oil is greater than the elasticity of first spring, the ball sealer moves down, make lubricating oil enter into the reservoir through the mounting hole, after extracting the conveyer pipe, under the resilience effect of elasticity of first spring, make first spring promote ball sealer rebound, can seal the fixed disk, thereby the effectual lubricating oil of avoiding takes place the problem of revealing, improve the leakproofness.

3. Because first through-hole, internal spline, hole and second through-hole form the space that runs through in the axis body is inside, when utilizing gas to carry out nitriding treatment, can form endless circuit to improve the nitriding treatment effect of internal spline.

4. The raw materials can be inspected by UT flaw detection, the rejection rate in the machining process can be reduced, the rough machining operation procedure is cancelled, and the machined surface is directly machined and formed on the outer circle finish turning procedure; the repeated clamping and positioning of the previous rough machining and the finish machining are avoided, the positioning reference is unified, not only are several processes reduced, the switching (production preparation) time is shortened, the production efficiency is improved, more importantly, various error accumulation during machining is eliminated, the dynamic balance quality of the transmission shaft assembly after assembly is ensured to the maximum extent, the difference value between all the surfaces can be accurately controlled by detecting the jumping quantity of each machining surface, so that the machining precision of a subsequent shaft body is improved, the milling groove is machined by a cold forging method, the integral strength of the shaft body can be improved, the hardness of the shaft body can be increased by nitriding treatment, a nitrided layer has higher residual compressive stress, the residual stress of the shaft body can be further improved by shot blasting treatment, the service life of the gear shaft is prolonged, the assembly rate between the shaft body and a high-speed wheel can be improved by hot fitting, and the connection stability of the gear shaft body is improved, after the hot charging, the cooling liquid is sprayed on the surface of the shaft body and is cooled, the cooling liquid is saline water with the salt content of 1.2%, the activity of the surface of the shaft body can be improved, the problem that the shaft body is corroded in the machining process is avoided, the assembled part is machined again, the precision of the assembled part can be further improved, and the acid solution is used for removing oxide skin and rust on the surface of the high-speed wheel and the shaft body, so that the machining quality of the shaft body and the high-speed wheel is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a shaft body according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the point A in FIG. 1 according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 1 according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a high-speed wheel; 2. a shaft body; 21. a shaft head; 22. in the shaft; 23. a shaft tail; 3. a first through hole; 4. an internal spline; 5. a second through hole; 6. an inner bore; 7. a liquid inlet hole; 8. fixing the disc; 9. a sealing ball; 10. a first spring; 11. a fixed mount; 12. a liquid storage tank; 13. a first liquid outlet hole; 14. mounting grooves; 15. a sealing block; 16. an oil feed hole; 17. a second liquid outlet hole; 18. a second spring.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: the high-speed wheel comprises a shaft body 2 and a high-speed wheel 1, wherein the surface of the shaft body 2 is provided with the high-speed wheel 1, the top of the shaft body 2 is provided with a first through hole 3, the shaft body 2 is internally provided with an internal spline 4 at the bottom of the first through hole 3, the shaft body 2 is internally provided with an inner hole 6 at the bottom of the internal spline 4, the shaft body 2 is internally provided with a second through hole 5 at the bottom of the inner hole 6, the shaft body 2 comprises a shaft head 21, a shaft center 22 and a shaft tail 23, both sides of the shaft center 22 are provided with mounting grooves 14, one side of the mounting groove 14 adjacent to the internal spline 4 is fixedly connected with a second spring 18, one end of the second spring 18, far away from the inner wall of the mounting groove 14, is fixedly connected with a sealing block 15, an oil feeding hole 16 is arranged inside the sealing block 15, a second liquid outlet hole 17 is arranged inside the shaft center 22 and between the internal spline 4 and the bottom of the side wall of the mounting groove 14, both sides of the shaft head 21 are provided with liquid reservoirs 12, a first liquid outlet hole 13 is arranged between one end, far away from the end of the inner spline 4 and the mounting groove 14, the top of the liquid storage tank 12 is provided with a liquid inlet hole 7, and a sealing mechanism is arranged in the liquid inlet hole 7

Wherein, the section of the oil feeding hole 16 is in an L-shaped structure, and the sealing block 15 is connected with the inner wall of the mounting groove 14 in a sliding way

Wherein, sealing mechanism includes fixed disk 8, first spring 10, mount 11 and

ball sealer

9, and 7 inside fixedly connected with fixed disks 8 in feed liquor hole, 8 bottom fixedly connected with mounts 11 in the fixed disk, 8 inside block of fixed disk are connected with ball sealer 9, and fixedly connected with first spring 10 between ball sealer 9 and the mount 11

Wherein, the mounting hole with the adaptation of ball sealer 9 is seted up to fixed disk 8 inside, and the mounting hole cross-section is circular, and the mounting hole diameter is less than ball sealer 9 diameter.

The process comprises the following steps: s1, inspecting raw materials, carrying out UT flaw detection on the shaft body, isolating and retesting if the ultrasonic flaw detection exists or is suspected to have defects, and timely marking scrappage marks if the defects exceed standards;

s5, checking and detecting the jumping amount of each place;

s6 nitriding, nitriding the inner spline and the flange, coating an anti-seepage agent on the excircle to prevent seepage, nitriding the nitrided layer with the depth of more than 0.3mm, wherein the hardness threshold value is 400HV, and the surface hardness is more than or equal to 550 HV;

The shaft body and the high-speed wheel are forbidden to use a magnetic crane, a magnetic chuck and the like to process and carry workpieces in the processing process.

Wherein, the maximum position of the end surface clearance is not more than 0.25mm under the completely cooled state after the shaft body and the high-speed wheel are hot-assembled.

Wherein, after the cleaning, the parts are immersed into an antirust pool for rust prevention.

The working principle is as follows: when the shaft body 2 is used, when the shaft body 2 rotates, the sealing block 15 moves towards the direction away from each other under the action of centrifugal force, the second spring 18 is stretched, when the oil feeding hole 16 is aligned with the first liquid outlet hole 13, lubricating oil in the liquid storage tank 12 enters the oil feeding hole 16 through the first liquid outlet hole 13, the lubricating oil can enter the bottom of the mounting groove 14 through the oil feeding hole 16 and then enters the internal spline 4 through the second liquid outlet hole 17, the internal spline 4 can be lubricated, abrasion is reduced, when the shaft body 2 stops rotating, under the action of the restorable elastic force of the second spring 18, the second spring 18 drives the sealing block 15 to restore to the initial position, so that the sealing block 15 can seal the first liquid outlet hole 13, the lubricating oil is prevented from dropping, a switching function can be achieved, the practicability of the shaft body 2 is improved, when the lubricating oil needs to be added into the liquid storage tank 12, insert the conveyer pipe inside feed liquor hole 7, then to 7 inside transport lubricating oil in feed liquor hole, when the pressure of carrying lubricating oil is greater than first spring 10's elasticity, ball sealer 9 downstream, make lubricating oil enter into reservoir 12 through the mounting hole, after extracting the conveyer pipe, under first spring 10's resilience effect, make first spring 10 promote ball sealer 9 rebound, can seal fixed disk 8, thereby effectual problem of avoiding lubricating oil to take place to reveal, improve the leakproofness.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a centrifuge low-speed gear axle, includes axis body (2) and high-speed wheel (1), its characterized in that: the high-speed wheel (1) is arranged on the surface of the shaft body (2), a first through hole (3) is formed in the top of the shaft body (2), an inner spline (4) is formed in the shaft body (2) and located at the bottom of the first through hole (3), an inner hole (6) is formed in the shaft body (2) and located at the bottom of the inner spline (4), a second through hole (5) is formed in the shaft body (2) and located at the bottom of the inner hole (6), the shaft body (2) comprises a shaft head (21), a shaft middle shaft (22) and a shaft tail (23), mounting grooves (14) are formed in two sides of the shaft middle shaft (22), a second spring (18) is fixedly connected to one side, adjacent to the inner spline (4), of each mounting groove (14), a sealing block (15) is fixedly connected to one end, far away from the mounting grooves (14), of the second spring (18), of a sealing block (15), an oil conveying hole (16) is formed in the sealing block (15), the second has been seted up in the axle (22) inside and between being located internal spline (4) and mounting groove (14) lateral wall bottom and has been gone out liquid hole (17), reservoir (12) have all been seted up to spindle nose (21) both sides, reservoir (12) bottom is kept away from and is provided with first liquid hole (13) between internal spline (4) one end and mounting groove (14), feed liquor hole (7) have been seted up at reservoir (12) top, feed liquor hole (7) inside is provided with sealing mechanism.

2. The centrifuge low speed gear shaft of claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the oil feeding hole (16) is of an L-shaped structure, and the sealing block (15) is connected with the inner wall of the mounting groove (14) in a sliding mode.

3. The centrifuge low speed gear shaft of claim 1, wherein: sealing mechanism includes fixed disk (8), first spring (10), mount (11) and ball sealer (9), inside fixedly connected with fixed disk (8) in feed liquor hole (7), fixed disk (8) bottom fixedly connected with mount (11), the inside block of fixed disk (8) is connected with ball sealer (9), first spring (10) of fixedly connected with between ball sealer (9) and mount (11).

4. The centrifuge low speed gear shaft of claim 3, wherein: the mounting hole matched with the sealing ball (9) is formed in the fixed disc (8), the cross section of the mounting hole is circular, and the diameter of the mounting hole is smaller than that of the sealing ball (9).

5. The machining process of the low-speed gear shaft of the centrifuge as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the process comprises the following steps: s1, inspecting raw materials, carrying out UT flaw detection on the shaft body, carrying out isolation and retesting when the ultrasonic flaw detection exists or is suspected to have defects, and timely marking scrappage when the defects exceed the standard;

s5, checking and detecting the jumping amount of each place;

6. The machining process of the low-speed gear shaft of the centrifuge as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the shaft body and the high-speed wheel are forbidden to use a magnetic crane, a magnetic chuck and the like to process and carry workpieces in the processing process.

7. The machining process of the low-speed gear shaft of the centrifuge as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and after the shaft body and the high-speed wheel are subjected to hot assembly, the maximum position of the end surface clearance is not more than 0.25mm in a completely cooled state.

8. The machining process of the low-speed gear shaft of the centrifuge as claimed in claim 5, wherein: any collision damage after heat treatment needs to be subjected to magnetic particle inspection after polishing, demagnetization needs to be performed after magnetic particle inspection, and an instrument is adopted for detection, so that the maximum remanence does not exceed 5 Gauss.

9. The machining process of the low-speed gear shaft of the centrifuge as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and after the cleaning, the parts are immersed into an antirust pool for rust prevention.

10. The machining process of the low-speed gear shaft of the centrifuge as claimed in claim 5, wherein: after the pickling is finished, a burn comparison sample is required, and whether burn inspection caused by overheating of machining and grinding exists on the surface of the part is judged according to the surface color condition.