CN114427416A - Experimental device and method for simulating temporary plugging fracturing - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for simulating temporary plugging fracturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114427416A CN114427416A CN202011011549.2A CN202011011549A CN114427416A CN 114427416 A CN114427416 A CN 114427416A CN 202011011549 A CN202011011549 A CN 202011011549A CN 114427416 A CN114427416 A CN 114427416A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012945 sealing adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/261—Separate steps of (1) cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the formation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and method for simulating temporary plugging fracturing, which comprises the following steps: the shaft is made of transparent materials, and a plurality of connectors are sequentially arranged on the wall of the shaft along the length direction of the shaft; each blast hole simulation device comprises a plurality of blast holes, at least one interface of the shaft is provided with the blast hole simulation device, and other interfaces are provided with sealing elements; the crack simulation devices are made of transparent materials, cavities are formed in the crack simulation devices, and each crack simulation device is installed on one blasthole simulation device, so that the cavities are communicated with the shaft through the blastholes; each measuring device is arranged in one cavity close to the blasthole and used for measuring flow and pressure; the water outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the water inlet end of the shaft through a pipeline, and the cavity of the crack simulation device is connected to the water inlet of the circulating pump through a pipeline. The invention can realize the simulation of parameters such as seam width, eyelet friction resistance, near-well friction resistance, migration of temporary plugging materials in a shaft and the like, and can more truly and effectively reflect the phenomenon in the temporary plugging process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and particularly relates to an experimental device and method for simulating temporary plugging fracturing.
Background
In the process of temporary plugging and fracturing, in order to ensure that the temporary plugging material effectively plugs the existing cracks, improve the net pressure in the cracks, realize the crack steering and form a complex crack network around a shaft, the temporary plugging performance of different types of temporary plugging materials under different reservoir layers and construction conditions needs to be simulated and evaluated.
In a patent 'near wellbore zone temporary plugging indoor simulation experiment device and method (201711294750.4)' invented by the xu hong xing (2017), the effect of simulating shot holes and crack friction resistance is achieved by arranging a plurality of branches on a vertical wellbore, and the temporary plugging effect is further evaluated; in the patent ' experimental device and method for evaluating plugging and deblocking effects of plugging agent in perforation cracks ' (201910143877.9) invented by Guotakui (2019) ', the temporary plugging effect is evaluated by simulating holes and cracks through a plunger piston; in a patent 'a device for evaluating the blocking performance of temporary blocking steering fluid and a test method thereof (201710347648. X)' invented by Wangcheng (2017), two cavities are used for respectively representing a high-permeability zone and a low-permeability zone, the blocking of the high-permeability zone is realized by injecting a blocking agent, and then working fluid enters the cavity representing the low-permeability zone, so that the steering of the working fluid after temporary blocking is realized; in a patent ' a temporary plugging agent temporary plugging performance evaluation experimental device and a working method and application thereof ' (201710443854.0) invented by Wenzqing (2017) ', simulation of different cracks is realized by presetting experimental boards with different crack forms, and further, evaluation of plugging effects under different crack forms is realized. The physical parameters needing simulation in the temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiment are more, such as seam width, perforation friction, near-well friction, migration of temporary plugging agents (temporary plugging balls) in a shaft and the like, and conventional temporary plugging experimental devices are difficult to cover for single variables, such as seam width, temporary plugging materials and the like, so that the problem of simulation distortion is caused.
The conventional temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiment device does not have comprehensive experiment simulation equipment containing inflow dynamics, the whole process of the temporary plugging process from a shaft to a blast hole and in a seam is not simulated, and the temporary plugging simulation device is immature and incomplete at present, so that the further development of the technology is restricted.
Therefore, the experimental device and method for simulating the temporary plugging fracturing are expected to be developed, so that the simulation of parameters such as the seam width, the hole friction resistance, the near-well friction resistance, the migration of temporary plugging materials in a shaft and the like is realized, and the phenomenon in the temporary plugging process is reflected more truly and effectively.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device and method for simulating temporary plugging fracturing, which can realize the simulation of parameters such as seam width, eyelet friction resistance, near-well friction resistance, migration of temporary plugging materials in a shaft and the like so as to more truly and effectively reflect the phenomenon in the temporary plugging process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus for simulating temporary plugging fracturing, comprising:
the shaft is made of transparent materials and arranged in the horizontal direction, one end of the shaft is a water inlet end, the other end of the shaft is closed, and a plurality of connectors are sequentially arranged on the wall of the shaft along the length direction of the shaft;
each blasthole simulation device comprises a plurality of blastholes, the blasthole simulation device is arranged on at least one interface of the shaft, and the other interfaces are provided with sealing elements;
the fracture simulation device is made of transparent materials, a cavity is arranged in the fracture simulation device, and each fracture simulation device is arranged on one blasthole simulation device so that the cavity is communicated with the shaft through the blasthole;
at least one measuring device, each said measuring device being disposed in one said cavity proximate to said blasthole for measuring flow and pressure;
and the water outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the water inlet end of the shaft through a pipeline, and the cavity of the crack simulation device is connected to the water inlet of the circulating pump through a pipeline.
Optionally, the blasthole simulation device is annular and is sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft, and the blastholes penetrate through the side wall of the blasthole simulation device and are respectively communicated with the interface.
Optionally, the number of the blasthole simulation devices is multiple, and the arrangement modes and sizes of the blastholes on the plurality of blasthole simulation devices are different.
Optionally, the number of the blasthole simulation devices is determined according to the number of the cracks of the wellbore to be simulated, and the number of the blastholes, the size of the blastholes and the arrangement of the blastholes of each blasthole simulation device are determined according to the number of the blastholes, the size of the blastholes and the arrangement of the blastholes of each crack.
Optionally, the crack simulation device includes a pair of flat plates and a plurality of side plates, the pair of flat plates are parallel to each other, a gap is left between the pair of flat plates, and the plurality of side plates are sequentially disposed along edges of the pair of flat plates and connected between the pair of flat plates to enclose the cavity;
the crack simulation device is provided with a through hole, the through hole penetrates through the pair of flat plates, the axis of the through hole is perpendicular to the pair of flat plates, and the crack simulation device is arranged on the outer side of the blasthole simulation device through the through hole sleeve.
Optionally, the crack simulation device is provided in plurality, and the gap width between a pair of flat plates of the crack simulation devices is different.
Optionally, the number and the gap width of the crack simulation devices are determined according to the number and the gap width of the cracks of the wellbore to be simulated, and the installation position of the crack simulation devices is determined according to the relative position between the adjacent cracks of the wellbore to be simulated.
Optionally, the measuring device comprises a pressure gauge and a flow meter, and the closure element comprises a plug.
An experimental method for simulating temporary plugging fracturing utilizes the experimental device, and comprises the following steps:
1) recording initial data of the measuring device;
2) injecting a temporary plugging material into the experimental device to perform a temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiment, acquiring the distribution of the temporary plugging material in different cavities and blastholes and recording the reading of the measuring device;
3) removing temporary blockage;
4) and comparing the readings of the measuring devices before and after temporary plugging to obtain the pressure and flow changes between different crack simulation devices before and after temporary plugging.
Optionally, further comprising checking the experimental device for tightness.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the device is used for a temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiment, the sizes, the number and the hole distribution schemes of the blasthole simulation device and the seam width of the fracture simulation device can be designed by simulating real reservoir and construction conditions, and the blasthole simulation device is arranged at a corresponding interface of a shaft and other interfaces are sealed by using a sealing element so as to carry out comprehensive simulation on a plurality of variables; the device can be used for simulating different reservoir layers and construction conditions by presetting a plurality of blast hole simulation devices with different blast hole sizes, quantities and hole distribution schemes and a plurality of crack simulation devices with different seam widths, and is convenient and flexible to use; the device realizes the simulation of friction resistance in different seams by setting the crack simulation devices with different seam widths, realizes the simulation of friction resistance of different blastholes by the blasthole simulation devices with different hole sizes, quantities and hole distribution schemes, directly reads numerical values such as net pressure, flow and the like of different cracks through the measuring device, realizes the simulation of parameters such as seam widths, eyelet friction resistance, near-well friction resistance, migration of temporary plugging materials in a shaft and the like, more truly and effectively reflects the phenomenon in the temporary plugging process, and simultaneously can intuitively obtain the plugging effect of the temporary plugging materials on the blastholes and the temporary plugging effect in the seams of the temporary plugging materials.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of an experimental apparatus for simulating a temporary block fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a front view of an experimental setup simulating a temporary block fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic structural diagrams of crack simulation devices with different crack widths according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figures 5, 6 and 7 show schematic views of different arrangements of blastholes according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1. A wellbore; 2. a crack simulation device; 3. a blasthole simulation device; 4. temporarily blocking the material; 5. an interface; 6. a pipeline; 7. a circulation pump; 8. a measuring device; 21. a gap; 31; and (4) carrying out blasthole.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
The invention discloses an experimental device for simulating temporary plugging fracturing, which comprises:
the device comprises a shaft, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, wherein the shaft is made of transparent materials and arranged in the horizontal direction;
each blasthole simulation device comprises a plurality of blastholes, at least one interface of the shaft is provided with the blasthole simulation device, and other interfaces are provided with sealing elements;
the fracture simulation device is made of transparent materials, a cavity is arranged in the fracture simulation device, and each fracture simulation device is arranged on one blasthole simulation device to enable the cavity to be communicated with the shaft through the blasthole;
at least one measuring device, each measuring device being disposed in one of the cavities adjacent the blasthole for measuring flow and pressure;
the water outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the water inlet end of the shaft through a pipeline, and the cavity of the crack simulation device is connected to the water inlet of the circulating pump through a pipeline.
Specifically, when the device is used for a temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiment, a real reservoir and construction conditions can be simulated, the size, the number and the hole arrangement scheme of the blasthole simulation device and the seam width of the fracture simulation device are designed, and the blasthole simulation device is installed at a corresponding interface of a shaft and other interfaces are sealed by using a sealing element so as to carry out comprehensive simulation on a plurality of variables;
furthermore, a plurality of blast hole simulation devices with different blast hole sizes, quantities and hole distribution schemes and a plurality of crack simulation devices with different seam widths can be preset for simulating different reservoir layers and construction conditions, so that the device is convenient and flexible to use, can simulate different flow rates and different friction resistances under the same injection pressure, and can clearly determine the liquid inlet amount and friction resistance change under different seam widths;
the simulation of friction resistance in different seams is realized through setting up the crack analogue means of different seam widths to this device, the simulation of different blasthole friction resistance is realized through the blasthole analogue means of different punchhole sizes, quantity, cloth hole scheme, and numerical values such as the net pressure of different fissures, flow through measuring device direct reading, realize seam width, the simulation of perforation friction resistance, near well friction resistance, the migration isoparametric of stifled material in the pit shaft temporarily, phenomenon in the more real effectual reaction temporary blocking in-process, simultaneously, adopt transparent material can audio-visually obtain temporary blocking material to the shutoff effect of blasthole and temporary blocking effect in the seam of temporary blocking material.
Optionally, the blasthole simulation device is annular and is sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft, and the plurality of blastholes penetrate through the side wall of the blasthole simulation device and are respectively communicated with the interface.
Specifically, the blasthole simulation device is annular, is adaptive to the profile of a shaft, is detachable and convenient to mount, is easy to realize sealing connection, and can be matched with a sealing ring or a sealing adhesive tape for use.
Further, the blasthole simulation device may have other shapes as long as it can be installed in a wellbore and plug the interface.
Optionally, the number of the blasthole simulation devices is multiple, and the arrangement modes and sizes of the blastholes on the plurality of blasthole simulation devices are different.
Specifically, the blasthole simulation device with the plurality of blasthole arrangement modes and different blasthole sizes can be used for simulating different construction conditions and blasthole friction resistance.
Optionally, the number of the blasthole simulation devices is determined according to the number of the cracks of the wellbore to be simulated, and the number of the blastholes, the size of the blastholes and the arrangement mode of the blastholes of each blasthole simulation device are determined according to the number of the blastholes, the size of the blastholes and the arrangement mode of the blastholes of each crack.
Specifically, the number of the blasthole simulation devices is consistent with the number of cracks of the shaft to be simulated, each blasthole simulation device corresponds to one crack, the number and the arrangement mode of blastholes on each blasthole simulation device are consistent with the number and the arrangement mode of blastholes in actual construction at the corresponding crack of the shaft to be simulated, and the sizes and the intervals of the blastholes are reduced in proportion;
furthermore, a corresponding blasthole simulation device and a corresponding crack simulation device are manufactured according to various parameters of the shaft to be simulated, and simulation is carried out, so that the device is closer to a real condition, the simulation effect is better, and the obtained data is more real.
Optionally, the crack simulation device includes a pair of flat plates and a plurality of side plates, the pair of flat plates are parallel to each other, a gap is left between the pair of flat plates, and the plurality of side plates are sequentially disposed along edges of the pair of flat plates and connected between the pair of flat plates to form a cavity;
the crack simulation device is provided with a through hole, the through hole penetrates through the pair of flat plates, the axis of the through hole is perpendicular to the pair of flat plates, and the crack simulation device is sleeved on the outer side of the blasthole simulation device through the through hole.
Specifically, the crack simulation device is detachably sleeved outside the blasthole simulation device through the through hole and is in sealing connection with the blasthole simulation device, so that temporary plugging materials in the shaft can enter the cavity through the blasthole.
Optionally, the crack simulation device is provided in plurality, and the gap width between a pair of flat plates of the crack simulation device is different.
Specifically, a plurality of crack simulation devices with different crack widths are arranged and used for simulating different in-crack friction resistances.
Optionally, the number and the gap width of the crack simulation devices are determined according to the number and the gap width of the cracks of the shaft to be simulated, and the installation position of the crack simulation devices is determined according to the relative position between the adjacent cracks of the shaft to be simulated.
Specifically, the number of the crack simulation devices is consistent with that of the cracks of the shaft to be simulated, each crack simulation device corresponds to one crack, the installation position of each crack simulation device corresponds to the position of the corresponding crack on the shaft to be simulated, and the distance and the width of the cracks are reduced in proportion;
furthermore, a corresponding crack simulation device is manufactured according to the crack position and the crack width of the shaft to be simulated, and a corresponding installation position is selected, so that the simulation condition can be closer to a real condition, the simulation effect is better, and the obtained data is more real.
Optionally, the measuring means comprises a pressure gauge and a flow meter, and the closure element comprises a plug.
Specifically, other kinds of measuring devices may be provided as required, not limited to the pressure gauge and the flow meter; other sealing devices can be selected as the sealing element, and the sealing element can achieve the plugging effect.
An experimental method for simulating temporary plugging fracturing utilizes the experimental device, and comprises the following steps:
1) recording initial data of the measuring device;
2) injecting a temporary plugging material into the experimental device to perform a temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiment, acquiring the distribution of the temporary plugging material in different cavities and blastholes and recording the reading of the measuring device;
3) removing temporary blockage;
4) and comparing the readings of the measuring devices before and after temporary plugging to obtain the pressure and flow changes between different crack simulation devices before and after temporary plugging.
Specifically, the method can simultaneously carry out simulation experiments aiming at a plurality of variables, such as seam width, eyelet friction, near-well friction and migration of the temporary plugging material in the shaft, can comprehensively obtain the whole process of the temporary plugging material from the shaft to the blast hole to the seam, and can truly and effectively reflect the performance of the temporary plugging material.
Optionally, checking the tightness of the experimental device is further included.
Specifically, the tightness of the device can be checked and tested by circulating the clean water or the fracturing fluid through a circulating pump to circulate in a pipeline in the experimental device, the discharge capacity and the pressure are gradually increased after the experimental device is filled with the fluid, and if the experimental device is not leaked or leaked, the tightness of the experimental device is good.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for simulating temporary plugging fracturing of the present embodiment; fig. 2 shows a front view of the experimental apparatus for simulating temporary plugging fracturing of the present embodiment; FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic structural diagrams of a crack simulation device with different crack widths; fig. 5, 6 and 7 show schematic diagrams of different shot hole arrangements.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shaft 1 is made of transparent material (plastic, glass, or other suitable transparent materials) and is arranged along the horizontal direction, one end of the shaft 1 is a water inlet end, the other end is closed, and four connectors 5 are sequentially arranged on the wall of the shaft 1 along the length direction of the shaft 1;
the four blasthole simulation devices 3 are annular, are sleeved on the shaft 1 and correspond to the interfaces 5 one by one, each blasthole simulation device 3 comprises a plurality of blastholes 31, the plurality of blastholes 31 penetrate through the side wall of the blasthole simulation device 3 and are respectively communicated with the interfaces 5, and the arrangement modes and the sizes of the blastholes 31 on each blasthole simulation device 3 are different, as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7;
the number of the crack simulation devices 2 is four, the crack simulation devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the blasthole simulation devices 3, each crack simulation device 2 is surrounded by a pair of flat plates made of transparent materials (plastic, glass and other suitable transparent materials) and side plates, the pair of flat plates are parallel to each other, a gap 21 is reserved between the pair of flat plates, and the side plates are sequentially arranged along the edges of the pair of flat plates and connected between the pair of flat plates to form a cavity; the crack simulation device 2 is provided with a through hole which penetrates through the pair of flat plates, the axis of the through hole is vertical to the pair of flat plates, and the crack simulation device 2 is sleeved on the outer side of the blasthole simulation device 3 through the through hole so that the cavity is communicated with the shaft 1 through the blasthole 31; the widths of the gaps 21 between a pair of flat plates of the four crack simulation devices 2 are different, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the two crack simulation devices on the two sides have larger gap widths, and the two crack simulation devices in the middle have smaller gap widths, so as to simulate an outer dominant crack and an inner inferior crack;
a measuring device 8 is arranged in the cavity of each crack simulation device 2, the measuring device 8 is arranged in the cavity close to the blasthole 31 and comprises a pressure gauge and a flow meter for measuring flow and pressure;
the delivery port of circulating pump 7 passes through pipeline 6 to be connected in the end of intaking of pit shaft 1, and four crack analogue means 2's cavity passes through pipeline 6 respectively to be connected in the water inlet of circulating pump 7.
The positions and the intervals of the interfaces 5 are set according to the positions and the intervals of cracks of the shaft to be simulated; the number of the blasthole simulation devices 3 and the number of the fracture simulation devices 2 are determined according to the number of the fractures of the shaft to be simulated; the number of the blastholes 31, the size of the blastholes 31 and the arrangement mode of the blastholes 31 of each blasthole simulation device 3 are determined according to the number of the blastholes, the size of the blastholes and the arrangement mode of the blastholes of each crack; the width of the gap 21 of each crack simulation device 2 is determined according to the width of the crack of the shaft to be simulated; when the device is used for temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiments, real reservoirs and construction conditions can be simulated, so that comprehensive simulation can be carried out on a plurality of variables.
The simulation of friction resistance in different seams is realized through setting up the crack analogue means of different seam widths to this device, the simulation of different blasthole friction resistance is realized through the blasthole analogue means of different punchhole sizes, quantity, cloth hole scheme, and numerical values such as the net pressure of different fissures, flow through measuring device direct reading, realize seam width, the simulation of perforation friction resistance, near-well friction resistance, the migration isoparametric of stifled material in the pit shaft temporarily, more true effectual reflection temporarily blocks up the phenomenon in-process, simultaneously, adopt transparent material can audio-visually acquire the shutoff effect of temporarily stifled material to the blasthole and temporarily block up the effect in the seam of material temporarily
Example 2
An experimental method for simulating temporary plugging fracturing by using the experimental device in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
1) determining the discharge capacity in the experiment and estimating the pressure;
2) checking the tightness of the experimental device: a circulating pump is used, clean water is used for pipeline circulation, the discharge capacity and the pressure are gradually increased after the experimental device is filled with liquid, and the sealing performance is good if the device is leakproof and impermeable;
3) before the experiment begins, recording initial data of a measuring device, namely reading of a pressure gauge and a flow meter close to a blast hole in each gap, and analyzing friction resistance and liquid inlet amount in the blast hole and the gap after the experiment;
4) injecting a temporary plugging material into the experimental device to perform a temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiment, acquiring the distribution of the temporary plugging material in different cavities and blastholes, recording the reading of the measuring device, and adjusting the discharge capacity of the circulating pump at the moment according to the experimental scheme and the actual combination during the temporary plugging experiment;
wherein, the temporary plugging material is a temporary plugging ball or a temporary plugging agent, and the temporary plugging ball or the temporary plugging agent enters the shaft along with the liquid flow and enters the dominant crack:
the temporary plugging ball is directly seated at the blast hole for temporary plugging operation; the plugging effect of the temporary plugging balls on blastholes can be obtained through the transparent device, such as the migration path of the temporary plugging balls, the plugging quantity of the temporary plugging balls and the like, and meanwhile, the plugging result can also be judged through the reading of the pressure gauge and the flow meter;
the temporary plugging agent circulates along with the liquid flow and is gradually solidified and temporarily plugged, the plugging effect of the temporary plugging agent in blastholes and seams, the distribution rule of the temporary plugging agent in different cracks and the distribution state of the temporary plugging agent in blastholes and seams can be obtained through a transparent device, the plugging result can be judged according to the reading of a manometer and a flowmeter, and the reading of the manometer can be used as the effective plugging pressure of the temporary plugging agent;
5) temporary blockage removal: the temporary plugging ball can realize the plugging removal and recovery of the temporary plugging ball through a reverse circulation pump; the temporary plugging agent needs to be injected with a plugging agent for plugging removal, and plugging is gradually removed along with the circulation of the device; after the experiment, the circulating liquid is replaced, the inside of the instrument is cleaned, and the pollution of residues is prevented;
4) and comparing the readings of the measuring devices before and after temporary plugging to obtain the pressure and flow changes between different crack simulation devices before and after temporary plugging.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental device for simulating temporary plugging fracturing is characterized by comprising:
the shaft is made of transparent materials and arranged in the horizontal direction, one end of the shaft is a water inlet end, the other end of the shaft is closed, and a plurality of connectors are sequentially arranged on the wall of the shaft along the length direction of the shaft;
each blasthole simulation device comprises a plurality of blastholes, the blasthole simulation device is arranged on at least one interface of the shaft, and the other interfaces are provided with sealing elements;
the fracture simulation device is made of transparent materials, a cavity is arranged in the fracture simulation device, and each fracture simulation device is arranged on one blasthole simulation device so that the cavity is communicated with the shaft through the blasthole;
at least one measuring device, each said measuring device being disposed in one said cavity proximate to said blasthole for measuring flow and pressure;
and the water outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the water inlet end of the shaft through a pipeline, and the cavity of the crack simulation device is connected to the water inlet of the circulating pump through a pipeline.
2. The experimental device for simulating temporary plugging fracturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blasthole simulation device is annular and is sleeved on the outer wall of the wellbore, and the blastholes penetrate through the side wall of the blasthole simulation device and are respectively communicated with the ports.
3. The experimental device for simulating the temporary plugging fracturing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the blasthole simulation devices is multiple, and the arrangement modes and sizes of the blastholes on the plurality of the blasthole simulation devices are different.
4. The experimental device for simulating temporary plugging fracturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the blasthole simulation devices is determined according to the number of fractures of a wellbore to be simulated, and the number of blastholes, the size of blastholes and the arrangement of blastholes of each blasthole simulation device are determined according to the number of blastholes, the size of blastholes and the arrangement of blastholes of each fracture.
5. The experimental device for simulating temporary plugging fracturing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fracture simulator comprises a pair of flat plates and a plurality of side plates, the pair of flat plates are parallel to each other and a gap is left between the pair of flat plates, and the plurality of side plates are sequentially arranged along the edges of the pair of flat plates and connected between the pair of flat plates to enclose the cavity;
the crack simulation device is provided with a through hole, the through hole penetrates through the pair of flat plates, the axis of the through hole is perpendicular to the pair of flat plates, and the crack simulation device is arranged on the outer side of the blasthole simulation device through the through hole sleeve.
6. An experimental device for simulating temporary plugging fracturing as claimed in claim 5, wherein said fracture simulating device is a plurality of said fracture simulating devices, and the widths of the gaps between a pair of flat plates of said plurality of fracture simulating devices are different.
7. The experimental device for simulating temporary plugging fracturing as claimed in claim 5, wherein the number and the width of the fractures of the wellbore to be simulated are determined according to the number and the width of the fractures of the wellbore to be simulated, and the installation position of the fracture simulation device is determined according to the relative position between the adjacent fractures of the wellbore to be simulated.
8. An experimental apparatus for simulating a temporary block fracture according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device comprises a pressure gauge and a flow meter, and the closing element comprises a plug.
9. An experimental method for simulating a temporary plugging fracture by using the experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1) recording initial data of the measuring device;
2) injecting a temporary plugging material into the experimental device to perform a temporary plugging fracturing simulation experiment, acquiring the distribution of the temporary plugging material in different cavities and blastholes and recording the reading of the measuring device;
3) removing temporary blockage;
4) and comparing the readings of the measuring devices before and after temporary plugging to obtain the pressure and flow changes between different crack simulation devices before and after temporary plugging.
10. An experimental method for simulating a temporary plugging fracture according to claim 9, further comprising checking the tightness of the experimental device.
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