CN114427407A - A water injection huff and puff oil recovery method for low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoirs - Google Patents

A water injection huff and puff oil recovery method for low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoirs Download PDF

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CN114427407A
CN114427407A CN202111539260.2A CN202111539260A CN114427407A CN 114427407 A CN114427407 A CN 114427407A CN 202111539260 A CN202111539260 A CN 202111539260A CN 114427407 A CN114427407 A CN 114427407A
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崔连可
李影
刘洪涛
王树森
张坤
宋俊玲
杨琪
李晓平
司玉梅
李梦楠
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Henan Oilfield Branch Co
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,属于油田开采领域。本发明的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,包括以下步骤:1)将表面活性剂溶液注入地层;表面活性剂溶液的注入排量不小于使地层破裂的临界注入排量;2)焖井;3)开井抽吸生产。本发明的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,针对低孔超低渗储层油水井网不完善、物性差、自然产能低的问题,能够有效提高储层压力,改变储层中的油水分布,将小孔隙中的原油置换至大孔隙中,提高原油采收率。

Figure 202111539260

The invention relates to a water injection huff and puff oil recovery method for a low-porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir, belonging to the field of oilfield exploitation. The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method of the low-porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir of the present invention comprises the following steps: 1) injecting the surfactant solution into the formation; the injection displacement of the surfactant solution is not less than the critical injection displacement for fracturing the formation; 2. ) simmer well; 3) open well for suction production. The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method of the low-porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir of the present invention can effectively increase the reservoir pressure and change the oil-water well pattern in the low-porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoir, such as imperfect oil-water well pattern, poor physical properties and low natural productivity. The oil-water distribution in the small pores is replaced by the crude oil in the large pores to improve the oil recovery.

Figure 202111539260

Description

一种低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法A water injection huff and puff oil recovery method for low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoirs

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,具体属于油田开采领域。The invention relates to a water injection huff and puff oil recovery method for a low-porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir, and specifically belongs to the field of oilfield exploitation.

背景技术Background technique

注水吞吐采油是近年来提高油田开发效果的重要技术。随着不断开采,油藏的储层压力降低,产量下降,通过注水吞吐工艺将水从油井注入储层,注入储层的水优先进入高孔隙度、高渗透率等有利部位,关井后,在毛细管力的作用下,使注入水溶液与中、小孔喉中的原油发生置换,使储层中的油水重新分布,然后开井生产,将被置换至高孔高渗地带的原油开采出来,从而提高原油的采收率。Water injection huff and puff oil recovery is an important technology to improve the effect of oilfield development in recent years. With the continuous exploitation, the reservoir pressure decreases and the production decreases. Water is injected from the oil well into the reservoir through the water injection huff and puff process, and the water injected into the reservoir preferentially enters favorable parts such as high porosity and high permeability. Under the action of capillary force, the injected aqueous solution is replaced with the crude oil in the medium and small pore throats, so that the oil and water in the reservoir are redistributed, and then the well is opened for production, and the crude oil displaced to the high-porosity and high-permeability zone is recovered. Enhanced oil recovery.

渭北油田储层埋藏深度300m~650m,平均埋深550m,砂体厚度大,发育3套油层。主力油层为长3油层,各油层隔层分布变化大,储层、隔层应力差异小,平均孔隙度7.2%,平均渗透率0.76×10-3μm2,为低孔超低渗储层;其中长3油藏含油面积220.67km2,地质储量10474.1×104t。经过几年的开采,储层压力降低,亏空严重;加之注水压力高、注水系统压力低、井筒地层污染等因素影响,导致注水井欠注严重,油井储层能量不足、压力低,致使原油采收率较低。The reservoirs in Weibei Oilfield have a burial depth of 300m to 650m, with an average burial depth of 550m. The sand bodies are thick and 3 sets of oil layers are developed. The main oil layer is the Chang 3 oil layer, the distribution of the interlayers of each oil layer varies greatly, the stress difference between the reservoir and the interlayer is small, the average porosity is 7.2%, and the average permeability is 0.76×10 -3 μm 2 , which is a low-porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoir; Among them, the Chang 3 reservoir has an oil-bearing area of 220.67km 2 and a geological reserve of 10474.1×10 4 t. After several years of exploitation, the reservoir pressure has been reduced and the deficit is serious; coupled with the high water injection pressure, low water injection system pressure, wellbore formation pollution and other factors, the water injection well is seriously under-injected, the oil well reservoir energy is insufficient, and the pressure is low, resulting in crude oil recovery. The yield is lower.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于提供一种低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,能够有效提高原油采收率。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water injection huff and puff oil recovery method for low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir, which can effectively improve the crude oil recovery rate.

为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案为:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

一种低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,包括以下步骤:A water injection huff and puff oil recovery method for a low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir, comprising the following steps:

1)将表面活性剂溶液注入地层;表面活性剂溶液的注入排量不小于使地层破裂的临界注入排量;2)焖井;3)开井抽吸生产。1) The surfactant solution is injected into the formation; the injection displacement of the surfactant solution is not less than the critical injection displacement for fracturing the formation; 2) The well is soaked; 3) The well is pumped for production.

本发明的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,针对低孔超低渗储层油水井网不完善、物性差、自然产能低的问题,能够有效提高储层压力,改变储层中的油水分布,将小孔隙中的原油置换至大孔隙中,提高原油采收率。The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method of the low-porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir of the present invention can effectively improve the reservoir pressure and change the oil-water well pattern in the low-porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoir, such as imperfect oil-water well pattern, poor physical properties and low natural productivity. The oil-water distribution in the small pores is replaced by the crude oil in the large pores to improve the oil recovery.

本发明中低孔超低渗油藏是指孔隙度<15%,渗透率<1mD,油井自然产能低(日产液<1m3)或无自然产能的油藏。所述临界排量为根据水力压裂模拟投产压裂的临界注水排量。所述表面活性剂溶液由表面活性剂和水混合得到。进一步地,所述表面活性剂溶液的质量浓度为0.1%~0.4%。更进一步地,所述表面活性剂为甜菜碱型表面活性剂。Medium-low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs in the present invention refer to oil reservoirs with porosity < 15%, permeability < 1 mD, low natural productivity of oil wells (daily fluid production < 1 m 3 ) or no natural productivity. The critical displacement is the critical water injection displacement for fracturing to be put into production according to hydraulic fracturing simulation. The surfactant solution is obtained by mixing surfactant and water. Further, the mass concentration of the surfactant solution is 0.1%-0.4%. Further, the surfactant is a betaine-type surfactant.

为了使注水波及体积内的浓度均衡,提高渗吸置换效率,将所述表面活性剂溶液按照0.4%-0.2%-0.1%变浓度的方式注入地层。In order to balance the concentration in the swept volume of water injection and improve the imbibition displacement efficiency, the surfactant solution is injected into the formation in a variable concentration mode of 0.4%-0.2%-0.1%.

为了进一步提高地层的渗吸置换效率,浓度为0.4%的表面活性剂溶液、0.2%的表面活性剂溶液、0.1%的表面活性剂溶液的注入体积之比为(25~35):(40~60):(10~15)。In order to further improve the imbibition replacement efficiency of the formation, the ratio of the injection volume of the 0.4% surfactant solution, 0.2% surfactant solution and 0.1% surfactant solution is (25~35): (40~ 60): (10-15).

地层破裂的形态为水平缝时,在注入表面活性剂溶液的过程向地层中注入暂堵剂。水平缝储层的裂缝复杂程度小,注入暂堵剂能够提高裂缝的复杂程度,增加注入表面活性剂溶液与储层的接触面积。When the form of formation fracture is a horizontal fracture, a temporary plugging agent is injected into the formation during the process of injecting the surfactant solution. The fracture complexity of the horizontal fractured reservoir is small, and the injection of temporary plugging agent can improve the complexity of the fracture and increase the contact area between the injected surfactant solution and the reservoir.

进一步地,将所述表面活性剂溶液按照0.4%-0.2%-0.1%的变浓度注入地层,各浓度表面活性剂溶液和暂堵剂的注入顺序为0.4%表面活性剂溶液、暂堵剂、0.2%表面活性剂溶液、暂堵剂、0.2%表面活性剂溶液、0.1%表面活性剂溶液。Further, the surfactant solution is injected into the formation according to the variable concentration of 0.4%-0.2%-0.1%, and the injection sequence of each concentration of surfactant solution and temporary plugging agent is 0.4% surfactant solution, temporary plugging agent, 0.2% surfactant solution, temporary plugging agent, 0.2% surfactant solution, 0.1% surfactant solution.

进一步地,为了将所述暂堵剂更充分有效地送至地缝内,所述暂堵剂的注入方法为在地层中先注入原胶液,再注入原胶液和暂堵剂的混合物,最后注入原胶液。先注入原胶液能够顶替井筒中的表面活性剂溶液;最后注入原胶液可将暂堵剂顶替至裂缝端部,开启新缝,增加注入表面活性剂溶液与储层的接触面积。原胶液三个阶段的注入量分别为施工井筒体积、当前排量下2分钟的液量体积、当前施工下裂缝扩展的体积的1.5倍。Further, in order to send the temporary plugging agent into the ground fractures more fully and effectively, the injection method of the temporary plugging agent is to inject the original glue liquid into the formation first, and then inject the mixture of the original glue liquid and the temporary plugging agent, Finally, inject the original glue. The first injection of raw glue can replace the surfactant solution in the wellbore; the last injection of raw glue can replace the temporary plugging agent to the fracture end, open new fractures, and increase the contact area between the injected surfactant solution and the reservoir. The injection volume of the raw glue solution in the three stages is respectively the volume of the construction wellbore, the volume of the liquid volume in 2 minutes under the current displacement, and 1.5 times the volume of the fracture expansion under the current construction.

原胶液由瓜尔胶、氯化钾、杀菌剂、表面活性剂和水混合得到,瓜尔胶、氯化钾、杀菌剂、表面活性剂在原胶液中的质量浓度分别为0.2%、1%、0.2%和0.2%。原胶液中的表面活性剂为甜菜碱型表面活性剂。优选地,本发明中的甜菜碱型表面活性剂由季铵盐型表面活性剂的阳离子部分和羧酸盐型表面活性剂的阴离子部分构成,性能较氨基酸型两性表面活性剂更为优良,甜菜碱型表面活性剂是以单长链烷基二甲基叔胺与氯乙酸钠为主要原料反应而成。The original gum liquid is obtained by mixing guar gum, potassium chloride, bactericide, surfactant and water, and the mass concentrations of guar gum, potassium chloride, bactericide and surfactant in the original gum liquid are 0.2%, 1 %, 0.2% and 0.2%. The surfactant in the original glue solution is betaine type surfactant. Preferably, the betaine-type surfactant in the present invention is composed of the cationic part of the quaternary ammonium salt-type surfactant and the anionic part of the carboxylate-type surfactant, and its performance is better than that of the amino acid-type amphoteric surfactant. Type surfactant is made by reacting single long chain alkyl dimethyl tertiary amine and sodium chloroacetate as the main raw material.

进一步地,所述表面活性剂溶液的注入液量为注水波及范围内的储层孔隙体积的0.12~0.15倍。当储层空隙体积为1PV时,表面活性剂溶液的注入液量为0.12~0.15PV。表面活性剂溶液注入地层后,确保储层压力可以达到储层原始压力的0.8~1.2倍,从而扩大注入表面活性剂溶液的波及体积,增加注入表面活性剂溶液与储层的接触面积。Further, the injection volume of the surfactant solution is 0.12-0.15 times the pore volume of the reservoir within the scope of water injection. When the void volume of the reservoir is 1PV, the injection volume of the surfactant solution is 0.12-0.15PV. After the surfactant solution is injected into the formation, ensure that the reservoir pressure can reach 0.8 to 1.2 times the original pressure of the reservoir, thereby expanding the swept volume of the injected surfactant solution and increasing the contact area between the injected surfactant solution and the reservoir.

进一步地,所述表面活性剂溶液的注入压力不小于使地层破裂的临界压力,不大于使井底套管抗内压的临界压力。Further, the injection pressure of the surfactant solution is not less than the critical pressure for fracturing the formation, and not greater than the critical pressure for the bottom hole casing to resist internal pressure.

如果有试注,试注表面活性剂溶液的液量计入所述表面活性剂溶液的注入液量。If there is a trial injection, the liquid volume of the trial injection surfactant solution is included in the injection volume of the surfactant solution.

进一步地,为了使注入水在储层中充分扩散,与原油进行渗吸置换,所述焖井的时间为30~60天。Further, in order to fully diffuse the injected water in the reservoir and perform imbibition replacement with the crude oil, the time of the well soaking is 30-60 days.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的实施例的注水吞吐采油机理示意图;1 is a schematic diagram of the oil recovery mechanism of water injection huff and puff according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图2为本发明的实施例中注水波及范围模拟图。FIG. 2 is a simulation diagram of a water injection sweep range in an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合渭北地区某油藏的WB-1井对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。实施例中的甜菜碱型表面活性剂由季铵盐型表面活性剂的阳离子部分和羧酸盐型表面活性剂的阴离子部分构成,具体是以单长链烷基二甲基叔胺与氯乙酸钠为主要原料反应而成。The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the WB-1 well of a certain oil reservoir in the Weibei area. The betaine-type surfactant in the embodiment is composed of the cationic part of the quaternary ammonium salt-type surfactant and the anion part of the carboxylate-type surfactant, specifically a single long-chain alkyl dimethyl tertiary amine and sodium chloroacetate. It is formed by the reaction of the main raw materials.

实施例Example

本实施例的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,注水吞吐采油机理如图1所示,包括以下内容:The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method of the low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir in this embodiment, the water injection huff and puff oil recovery mechanism is shown in Figure 1, including the following contents:

(1)低孔超低渗油藏的特征(1) Characteristics of low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoirs

目的层为油水层,埋藏深度391.0~396.0m,储层温度31℃。平面上无对应注水井。The target layer is an oil-water layer with a burial depth of 391.0-396.0m and a reservoir temperature of 31℃. There is no corresponding injection well on the plane.

岩石物性:渗透率0.82×10-3μm2;孔隙度12.4%;含油饱和度38.5%。Rock properties: permeability 0.82×10 -3 μm 2 ; porosity 12.4%; oil saturation 38.5%.

测井参数:电阻率23.8Ω·m;声波时差260.8μs/m。Logging parameters: resistivity 23.8Ω·m; acoustic time difference 260.8μs/m.

(2)采用注水吞吐工艺(2) Adopt water injection huff and puff process

A、注入量:根据水力压裂模拟投产压裂水平缝缝长80m,注入水波及地层体积42390m3,按注入量为储层孔隙体积的0.15倍计算,需注入水量790m3,注水波及范围模拟如图2所示;A. Injection volume: According to the hydraulic fracturing simulation, the fracturing horizontal fracture length is 80m, and the injection water sweeps the formation volume of 42390m 3 . According to the calculation that the injection volume is 0.15 times the pore volume of the reservoir, the injected water volume is 790m 3 , and the water injection sweep range is simulated. as shown in picture 2;

B、WB-1井压裂投产时,压前测试在1.0m3/min排量下破裂地层,主压裂施工排量2.2~3.1m3/min,综合考虑渭北地区施工环境、作业成本(车组费用)等问题后,在WB-1井注入表面活性剂溶液的注入排量为1.0~2.4m3/min;B. When the fracturing of Well WB-1 was put into production, the stratum was fractured at a displacement of 1.0 m 3 /min before fracturing, and the displacement of the main fracturing operation was 2.2 to 3.1 m 3 /min, taking into account the construction environment and operating costs in the Weibei area. After problems such as (vehicle cost), the injection displacement of the surfactant solution in Well WB-1 is 1.0-2.4 m 3 /min;

C、WB-1井压裂投产时,压前测试破裂泵压21MPa,井底破裂压力24.7MPa(即:使地层破裂的临界压力),井口延伸压力11MPa,地层延伸压力14.7MPa,综合考虑渭北地区施工环境、作业成本(车组费用)、液体摩阻(表面活性剂溶液沿程摩阻2.7MPa)和施工限压(30MPa)等问题,预测WB-1井注入压力23.5MPa,预测井底套管承受内压24.7MPa;C. When the fracturing of Well WB-1 is put into production, the pre-fracture test fracturing pump pressure is 21 MPa, the bottom hole fracturing pressure is 24.7 MPa (that is, the critical pressure for fracturing the formation), the wellhead extension pressure is 11 MPa, and the formation extension pressure is 14.7 MPa. The construction environment, operating cost (vehicle cost), liquid friction (surfactant solution friction along the way 2.7MPa) and construction pressure limit (30MPa) in the north area, etc., the predicted injection pressure of Well WB-1 is 23.5MPa, and the predicted well The inner pressure of the bottom casing is 24.7MPa;

D、考虑储层流体的稀释作用和近井地带渗透率高,将表面活性剂溶液浓度采取0.4%-0.2%-0.1%变浓度注入地层,使注水波及体积内的浓度均衡,提高渗吸置换效率;D. Considering the dilution effect of the reservoir fluid and the high permeability near the wellbore, the concentration of the surfactant solution is injected into the formation with a variable concentration of 0.4%-0.2%-0.1%, so that the concentration in the swept volume of water injection is balanced and the imbibition replacement is improved. efficiency;

E、WB-1井压裂投产,人工裂缝形态为水平缝,注水吞吐超地层破裂压力注入,投加暂堵剂,提高裂缝的复杂程度,扩大渗吸波及体积。E. Well WB-1 was fracturing and put into production. The artificial fractures were horizontal fractures. The water injection huff and puff exceeded the formation fracture pressure. Temporary plugging agents were added to improve the complexity of the fractures and expand the imbibition swept volume.

F、液体配方:F. Liquid formula:

a、表面活性剂溶液由甜菜碱型表面活性剂和清水混合得到,表面活性剂在表面活性剂溶液中的质量浓度为0.1%~0.4%;a. The surfactant solution is obtained by mixing betaine-type surfactant and clear water, and the mass concentration of the surfactant in the surfactant solution is 0.1% to 0.4%;

b、原胶液由瓜尔胶、氯化钾、杀菌剂、甜菜碱型表面活性剂和清水混合得到,瓜尔胶、氯化钾、杀菌剂、甜菜碱型表面活性剂在原胶液中的质量浓度分别为0.2%、1%、0.2%和0.2%。b. The original glue solution is obtained by mixing guar gum, potassium chloride, bactericide, betaine-type surfactant and clear water. The mass concentrations were 0.2%, 1%, 0.2% and 0.2%, respectively.

G、泵注程序,具体的工艺参数见表1:G. Pump injection procedure, the specific process parameters are shown in Table 1:

a、用0.4%表面活性剂溶液进行试注;a. Test injection with 0.4% surfactant solution;

b、注入0.4%表面活性剂溶液230m3b. Inject 230m 3 of 0.4% surfactant solution;

c、顶替原胶液2m3c, replace the original glue 2m 3 ;

d、用3m3原胶液投加暂堵剂125kg;d. Add 125kg of temporary plugging agent with 3m3 original glue solution;

e、用20m3原胶液将暂堵剂送至缝内;e. Use 20m 3 of original glue to send the temporary plugging agent into the joint;

f、注入0.2%表面活性剂溶液220m3f. Inject 220m 3 of 0.2% surfactant solution;

g、顶替原胶液2m3g, replace the original glue solution 2m 3 ;

h、用3m3原胶液投加暂堵剂175kg;h. Add 175kg of temporary plugging agent with 3m 3 original glue solution;

i、用20m3原胶液将暂堵剂送至缝内;i. Use 20m 3 of the original glue to send the temporary plugging agent into the joint;

j、注入0.2%表面活性剂溶液220m3j. Inject 220m 3 of 0.2% surfactant solution;

k、注入0.1%表面活性剂溶液100m3k. Inject 100m 3 of 0.1% surfactant solution;

h、焖井30天,使注入水在储层中充分扩散,与原油进行渗吸置换;h. Boil the well for 30 days, so that the injected water can be fully diffused in the reservoir and imbibed and replaced with the crude oil;

i、开井抽吸生产。i. Drilling and pumping production.

表1注入工艺泵注程序Table 1 Injection process pumping procedure

Figure BDA0003413438030000041
Figure BDA0003413438030000041

Figure BDA0003413438030000051
Figure BDA0003413438030000051

本发明的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,能够提高单井采收率10%~15%,而使用常规不加表面活性剂的注水吞吐采油方法的单井采收率可提高5%左右。The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method of the low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir of the present invention can improve the single well recovery rate by 10% to 15%, while the single well recovery rate of the conventional water injection huff and puff oil recovery method without surfactant can be improved 5% or so.

Claims (10)

1.一种低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1. a water injection huff and puff oil recovery method of a low-porosity ultra-low permeability oil reservoir, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 1)将表面活性剂溶液注入地层;表面活性剂溶液的注入排量不小于使地层破裂的临界注入排量;1) Inject the surfactant solution into the formation; the injection displacement of the surfactant solution is not less than the critical injection displacement for breaking the formation; 2)焖井;2) Stew the well; 3)开井抽吸生产。3) Open well for suction production. 2.根据权利要求1所述的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂溶液的质量浓度为0.1%~0.4%;所述表面活性剂为甜菜碱型表面活性剂。2. The waterflooding huff and puff oil recovery method of low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass concentration of described surfactant solution is 0.1%~0.4%; Described surfactant is betaine type surfactant. 3.根据权利要求2所述的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,其特征在于,将所述表面活性剂溶液按照0.4%-0.2%-0.1%变浓度的方式注入地层。3 . The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method for low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs according to claim 2 , wherein the surfactant solution is injected into the formation in a variable concentration mode of 0.4%-0.2%-0.1%. 4 . 4.根据权利要求3所述的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,其特征在于,浓度为0.4%的表面活性剂溶液、0.2%的表面活性剂溶液、0.1%的表面活性剂溶液的注入体积之比为(25~35):(40~60):(10~15)。4. The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method of low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir according to claim 3, wherein the concentration is 0.4% surfactant solution, 0.2% surfactant solution, 0.1% surfactant solution The ratio of the injection volume of the solution was (25-35):(40-60):(10-15). 5.根据权利要求2或3所述的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,其特征在于,地层破裂的形态为水平缝时,在注入表面活性剂溶液的过程向地层中注入暂堵剂。5. The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method of low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir according to claim 2 or 3, is characterized in that, when the form of formation rupture is horizontal fracture, in the process of injecting surfactant solution, inject temporarily into formation blocking agent. 6.根据权利要求5所述的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,其特征在于,将所述表面活性剂溶液按照0.4%-0.2%-0.1%的变浓度注入地层,各浓度表面活性剂溶液和暂堵剂的注入顺序为0.4%表面活性剂溶液、暂堵剂、0.2%表面活性剂溶液、暂堵剂、0.2%表面活性剂溶液、0.1%表面活性剂溶液。6. The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method for low-porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs according to claim 5, wherein the surfactant solution is injected into the formation at variable concentrations of 0.4%-0.2%-0.1%, and each concentration The injection sequence of the surfactant solution and the temporary plugging agent is 0.4% surfactant solution, temporary plugging agent, 0.2% surfactant solution, temporary plugging agent, 0.2% surfactant solution, and 0.1% surfactant solution. 7.根据权利要求5所述的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,其特征在于,所述暂堵剂的注入方法为在地层中先注入原胶液,再注入原胶液和暂堵剂的混合物,最后注入原胶液。7. The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method of low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the injection method of described temporary plugging agent is to inject original glue liquid in formation first, then inject original glue liquid and The mixture of temporary plugging agent is finally injected into the original glue solution. 8.根据权利要求1所述的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂溶液的注入液量为注水波及范围内的储层孔隙体积的0.12~0.15倍。8 . The waterflooding huff and puff oil recovery method of low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir according to claim 1 , wherein the injection volume of the surfactant solution is 0.12-0.15 of the pore volume of the reservoir within the scope of water injection. 9 . times. 9.根据权利要求1所述的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂溶液的注入压力不小于使地层破裂的临界压力,不大于使井底套管抗内压的临界压力。9. The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method of low porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the injection pressure of the surfactant solution is not less than the critical pressure for fracturing the formation, and is not more than the bottom hole casing The critical pressure at which the pipe resists internal pressure. 10.根据权利要求1所述的低孔超低渗油藏的注水吞吐采油方法,其特征在于,所述焖井的时间为30~60天。10 . The water injection huff and puff oil recovery method for a low-porosity and ultra-low permeability oil reservoir according to claim 1 , wherein the time for the well-holding is 30-60 days. 11 .
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