CN114426815A - Oil-based drilling fluid suitable for strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Oil-based drilling fluid suitable for strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an oil-based drilling fluid suitable for a strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of petroleum and natural gas drilling. Comprises the following components: oil phase, water phase, high-efficiency emulsifier, alkalinity regulator, filtrate reducer, nano plugging agent, organic soil and weighting material. The oil-based drilling fluid disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of strong inhibition, strong electric stability, strong plugging property, low filtration loss and the like, can meet the requirement of strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum operation on the inhibition capacity of the drilling fluid, effectively prevents the underground complex condition caused by water sensitivity, and improves the stability of a well wall, thereby preventing the well wall from collapsing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas drilling, in particular to an oil-based drilling fluid suitable for a strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the large-scale exploitation of shale gas, the length of a horizontal section exceeds 800m, the well is drilled in a stratum which is easy to collapse and has strong water sensitivity, and due to the characteristics of the stratum which is extremely developed, easy to break, poor in stability and complex in ground stress, complex accidents such as well wall collapse, water sensitivity damage and water lock damage of a reservoir stratum and the like easily occur, so that the development effect and the development process of the shale gas are seriously influenced. Because the oil-based drilling fluid has low filtration loss and filtrate is oil instead of water, the oil-based drilling fluid has strong inhibition performance and plugging performance, and is widely applied to the development of complex strata such as deep wells at home and abroad, unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, shale gas and the like. The drilling fluid has certain defects that when drilling in a strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed shale stratum, the drilling fluid has very excellent plugging capability, and a conventional plugging agent (calcium carbonate) used in a conventional oil-based drilling fluid has a large particle size (0.08-1000 mm), so that effective compact plugging of microcracks is difficult to form. The shale in the strong water-sensitive stratum is extremely easy to break, and even when the oil-based drilling fluid with strong inhibition performance is drilled, the cementation of the shale is destroyed after the filtrate enters the microcracks, so that the hydration expansion and hydration dispersion of clay minerals are caused, the pore pressure is increased, the shale strength is reduced, and the borehole wall is unstable; meanwhile, the hydration expansion and hydration dispersion of the shale have great influence on the performance of the drilling fluid, and particularly the rheological property thickening is obvious. Therefore, drilling fluids operating in highly water sensitive and collapsible formations must have excellent chemical inhibition and plugging capabilities.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an oil-based drilling fluid suitable for a strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed formation, and a preparation method and application thereof. The oil-based drilling fluid provided by the invention is suitable for strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed strata, and has strong chemical inhibition capability and plugging capability.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an oil-based drilling fluid suitable for a strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum, which comprises the following components: the additive comprises an oil phase, a water phase, a high-efficiency emulsifier, an alkalinity regulator, a filtrate reducer, a nano plugging agent, organic soil and a weighting material, wherein the volume ratio of the oil phase to the water phase is 80-85: 15-20, based on the total volume of the oil phase and the water phase being 100mL, the weight of the high-efficiency emulsifier in the oil-based drilling fluid for the stratum easy to collapse with strong water sensitivity is 3.0-4.0 g, the weight of the alkalinity regulator in the oil-based drilling fluid for the stratum easy to collapse with strong water sensitivity is 2.0-3.0 g, the weight of the filtrate reducer in the oil-based drilling fluid for the stratum easy to collapse with strong water sensitivity is 2.0-3.0 g, the weight of the nano plugging agent in the oil-based drilling fluid for the stratum easy to collapse with strong water sensitivity is 3.0-4.0 g, the weight of the organic soil in the oil-based drilling fluid for the stratum easy to collapse with strong water sensitivity is 1.0-2.0 g, and the weight of the weighting material enables the density of the oil-based drilling fluid for the stratum easy to collapse with strong water sensitivity to be 1.2-2.4 g/cm3；
The high-efficiency emulsifier is prepared by the method comprising the following steps:
mixing trimer acid, diethanolamine and an alkaline catalyst to carry out an acylation reaction to obtain an acylation product;
and mixing the acylation product, dimer acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether for esterification reaction to obtain the high-efficiency emulsifier.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the trimer acid to the diethanolamine to the basic catalyst is 30-40: 25-30: 15 to 20.
Preferably, the temperature of the acylation reaction is 180-200 ℃ and the time is 6-8 h.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the trimer acid to the dimer acid to the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is 30-40: 10-15: 20 to 30.
Preferably, the temperature of the esterification reaction is 90-120 ℃ and the time is 7-8 h.
Preferably, the nano plugging agent is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
under the protective atmosphere, mixing styrene, isobutyl acrylate, Span80, an initiator, methacrylic acid and water to carry out emulsion aggregation to obtain an emulsion polymer;
and mixing the emulsion polymer with nano silicon dioxide and then drying to obtain the nano plugging agent.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the styrene to the isobutyl acrylate to the Span80 to the water to the initiator to the methacrylic acid is 35-45: 15-20: 5-10: 100: 1-2: 20 to 25.
Preferably, the temperature of the emulsion aggregation is 60-80 ℃, and the time is 3-4 h.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum, which comprises the following steps:
sequentially adding a high-efficiency emulsifier, an alkalinity regulator, a filtrate reducer, a nano plugging agent and organic soil into the oil phase to obtain an oil phase mixed solution;
and adding a water phase into the oil phase mixed solution, emulsifying, and then adding a weighting material to obtain the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum.
The invention also provides the application of the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum in the technical scheme or the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in the field of petroleum and natural gas drilling of the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum.
The invention provides an oil-based drilling fluid suitable for a strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum, which comprises the following components: the additive comprises an oil phase, a water phase, a high-efficiency emulsifier, an alkalinity regulator, a filtrate reducer, a nano plugging agent, organic soil and a weighting material, wherein the volume ratio of the oil phase to the water phase is 80-85: 15-20, wherein the total volume of the oil phase and the water phase is 100mL, and the oil phase is suitable for strong water sensitivity and easy collapseThe mass of the efficient emulsifier in the oil-based drilling fluid for the stratum is 3.0-4.0 g, the mass of the alkalinity regulator in the oil-based drilling fluid for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 2.0-3.0 g, the mass of the filtrate reducer in the oil-based drilling fluid for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 2.0-3.0 g, the mass of the nano plugging agent in the oil-based drilling fluid for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 3.0-4.0 g, the mass of the organic soil in the oil-based drilling fluid for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 1.0-2.0 g, and the mass of the weighting material enables the density of the oil-based drilling fluid for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum to be 1.2-2.4 g/cm3(ii) a The high-efficiency emulsifier is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: mixing trimer acid, diethanolamine and an alkaline catalyst to carry out an acylation reaction to obtain an acylation product; and mixing the acylation product, dimer acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether for esterification reaction to obtain the high-efficiency emulsifier.
In the invention, the oil phase is used as the continuous phase of the water-in-oil drilling fluid; the water phase is used as the inner phase of the water-in-oil drilling fluid, so that the stability and activity balance of the well wall are ensured; the high-efficiency emulsifier has an emulsifying effect, forms a stable water-in-oil drilling fluid, improves the viscosity of the drilling fluid, and enhances the suspending and slag carrying capacity of the drilling fluid, the high-efficiency emulsifier has good coating performance, can enhance the borehole wall stability of shale, reduce the entering of drilling fluid filtrate into the shale, prevent the occurrence of water sensitivity, and has a synergistic effect with the synthesized nano plugging agent, thereby improving the borehole wall stability and protecting a strong water-sensitive stratum; the organic soil can improve the stability of the drilling fluid and can improve the viscosity and the dynamic shear force of a system; the filtrate reducer is used for reducing the filtrate loss of the drilling fluid; the alkalinity regulator is used for regulating the alkalinity of the drilling fluid; the nano plugging agent improves the inhibition performance of the drilling fluid, plugs micro and nano pores of the shale, and reduces the filtration loss of the drilling fluid. The oil-based drilling fluid provided by the invention has good rheological property under high density.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the oil-based drilling fluid has a high demulsification voltage value and high electric stability, the high-efficiency emulsifier maintains the electric stability of the oil-based drilling fluid, the higher the demulsification voltage is, the higher the stability is, the higher the demulsification voltage is, the high-efficiency emulsifier has strong hydrophilic group amide groups, the adsorption capacity of the high-efficiency emulsifier on an oil-water interface can be enhanced, the high-efficiency emulsifier can be directionally adsorbed on an interface of oil and water phases to form a strong interface film, and the emulsion stability and the electric stability can be improved; the plugging performance is strong, the depth of a sand bed is less than 3cm, and the water loss at high temperature and high pressure is less than 2 mL; the oil-based drilling fluid has strong inhibition capacity, the filtrate reducer, namely the asphalt oxide, can reduce the high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss of the drilling fluid, the nano plugging agent has good adhesion, is adsorbed on the surface of rock, improves the well wall strength, effectively inhibits the hydration expansion of shale, and reduces the phenomena of hole shrinkage or well collapse caused by hydration, expansion, dispersion and slurry making, so that the inhibition performance and the plugging performance of the drilling fluid are improved, and the data of the embodiment shows that the linear expansion rate of the oil-based drilling fluid is below 1.3 percent, and the rolling recovery rate is above 96 percent;
the synergistic effect of the high-efficiency emulsifier, the filtrate reducer and the nano plugging agent can effectively plug micro cracks, prevent the leakage of drilling fluid, and effectively reduce the hydration expansion and hydration dispersion of well walls, thereby avoiding the shrinkage and collapse of the well walls, inhibiting the water sensitivity damage of reservoir water sensitive minerals, and meeting the requirements of strong water sensitivity and easy collapse stratum operation on the drilling fluid;
the oil-based drilling fluid has the advantages of wide applicable density range, low cost and wide applicable range.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an oil-based drilling fluid suitable for a strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum, which comprises the following components: the additive comprises an oil phase, a water phase, a high-efficiency emulsifier, an alkalinity regulator, a filtrate reducer, a nano plugging agent, organic soil and a weighting material, wherein the volume ratio of the oil phase to the water phase is 80-85: 15-20, wherein the total volume of the oil phase and the water phase is 100mL, the mass of the efficient emulsifier in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 3.0-4.0 g, the mass of the alkalinity regulator in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 2.0-3.0 g, and the mass of the filtrate reducer in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is2.0-3.0 g, the mass of the nano plugging agent in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 3.0-4.0 g, the mass of the organic soil in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 1.0-2.0 g, and the mass of the weighting material enables the density of the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum to be 1.2-2.4 g/cm3；
The high-efficiency emulsifier is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
mixing trimer acid, diethanolamine and an alkaline catalyst to carry out an acylation reaction to obtain an acylation product;
and mixing the acylation product, dimer acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether for esterification reaction to obtain the high-efficiency emulsifier.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all the raw materials used are commercially available in the art.
In the present invention, the trimer acid refers to octadecadienoic acid trimer, and the dimer acid refers to dimer fatty acid (octadecane unsaturated fatty acid dimer).
The mass of the efficient emulsifier in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsible formation is preferably 3.5g, wherein the total volume of the oil phase and the water phase is 100 mL.
The method mixes the trimer acid, the diethanolamine and the alkaline catalyst to carry out acylation reaction, and obtains an acylation product.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the trimer acid to the diethanolamine to the basic catalyst is preferably 30-40: 25-30: 15-20, more preferably 40: 30: 20. 30: 25: 18 or 35: 28: 15. in the present invention, the basic catalyst is preferably sodium hydroxide.
In the invention, the temperature of the acylation reaction is preferably 180-200 ℃, more preferably 190 ℃, and the time is preferably 6-8 h, more preferably 7 h.
After obtaining the acylation product, the invention mixes the acylation product, dimer acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether for esterification reaction to obtain the high-efficiency emulsifier.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the trimer acid, the dimer acid and the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is preferably 30-40: 10-15: 20-30, more preferably 40: 10: 20. 30: 15: 30 or 35: 12: 25.
in the invention, the temperature of the esterification reaction is preferably 90-120 ℃, and more preferably 100-110 ℃.
According to the invention, the trimer acid, the diethanolamine and the alkaline catalyst are preferably added into a three-neck flask, the temperature is raised to the temperature of the acylation reaction for the acylation reaction, then the dimer acid is added after the temperature is reduced, the dimer acid is uniformly mixed, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is dropwise added for the esterification reaction, and the high-efficiency emulsifier is obtained.
In the present invention, the oil phase preferably includes one or more of a gasoline, 3# white oil, 0# diesel oil and 5# white oil.
In the invention, the water phase is preferably a calcium chloride aqueous solution, and the mass fraction of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is preferably 20-25%, and more preferably 25%.
The mass of the alkalinity regulator in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum is preferably 2.5g, wherein the total volume of the oil phase and the water phase is 100 mL.
In the present invention, the alkalinity regulator preferably includes calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide.
The mass of the fluid loss additive in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsible formation is preferably 2.5g, wherein the total volume of the oil phase and the water phase is 100 mL.
In the invention, the fluid loss additive is preferably oxidized asphalt, the softening point of the oxidized asphalt is preferably 120-220 ℃, more preferably 150-180 ℃, and the asphaltene content of the oxidized asphalt is preferably more than 85 wt%.
The mass of the nano blocking agent in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum is preferably 3.5g by taking the total volume of the oil phase and the water phase as 100 mL.
In the present invention, the nano plugging agent is preferably prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
under the protective atmosphere, mixing styrene, isobutyl acrylate, Span80, an initiator, methacrylic acid and water to carry out emulsion aggregation to obtain an emulsion polymer;
and mixing the emulsion polymer with nano silicon dioxide and then drying to obtain the nano plugging agent.
In the invention, under the protective atmosphere, styrene, isobutyl acrylate, Span80, an initiator, methacrylic acid and water are mixed for emulsion aggregation to obtain the emulsion polymer.
In the present invention, the protective atmosphere is preferably nitrogen.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the styrene to the isobutyl acrylate to the Span80 to the water to the initiator to the methacrylic acid is preferably 35-45: 15-20: 5-10: 100: 1-2: 20-25, more preferably 35: 15: 10: 100: 1: 25. 45, and (2) 45: 18: 7: 100: 2: 20 or 40: 20: 5: 100: 2: 23.
in the present invention, the initiator is preferably ammonium persulfate.
The mixing method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any method known to those skilled in the art, such as stirring.
In the invention, the styrene, the isobutyl acrylate, the Span80 and the water are preferably added into a three-neck flask, nitrogen is introduced, and after the mixture is stirred uniformly, the initiator and the methacrylic acid are added dropwise. The dropping rate is not particularly limited in the present invention.
In the invention, the temperature of emulsion aggregation is preferably 60-80 ℃, and the time is preferably 3-4 h.
After the emulsion polymer is obtained, the emulsion polymer and the nano silicon dioxide are mixed and dried to obtain the nano plugging agent.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the styrene to the nano silicon dioxide is preferably 35-45: 10-15, more preferably 35: 15. 45, and (2) 45: 10 or 40: 12.
in the invention, the particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is preferably 8-100 nm.
In the present invention, the drying is preferably spray drying, and the specific manner of the spray drying is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be any manner known to those skilled in the art.
The mass of the organic soil in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum is preferably 1.5g, wherein the total volume of the oil phase and the water phase is 100 mL.
In the present invention, the organic soil is preferably commercially available organic bentonite.
In the invention, the weighting material is preferably barite, and the density of the barite is preferably 4.2-4.4 g/cm3(ii) a The dosage of the weighting material is not specially limited, and the density of the oil-based drilling fluid can be ensured to be 1.2-2.4 g/cm3And (4) finishing.
In the invention, the density of the oil-based drilling fluid is preferably 1.6-2.0 g/cm3And (4) finishing.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum, which comprises the following steps:
sequentially adding a high-efficiency emulsifier, an alkalinity regulator, a filtrate reducer, a nano plugging agent and organic soil into the oil phase to obtain an oil phase mixed solution;
and adding a water phase into the oil phase mixed solution, emulsifying, and then adding a weighting material to obtain the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum.
The invention adds high-efficiency emulsifier, alkalinity regulator, filtrate reducer, nano plugging agent and organic soil into oil phase in turn to obtain oil phase mixed solution.
According to the invention, the efficient emulsifier is preferably added into the oil phase and mixed, the mixing is preferably mechanical stirring, the rotation speed of the mechanical stirring is preferably 10000-12000 r/min, and the time is preferably 20-30 min.
After the high-efficiency emulsifier is added, the alkalinity regulator, the filtrate reducer, the nano plugging agent and the organic soil are sequentially and respectively added under the stirring condition, and the oil phase mixed solution is obtained after the sequential stirring for 20-30 min.
After the oil phase mixed solution is obtained, the water phase is added into the oil phase mixed solution for emulsification, and then the weighting material is added to obtain the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum.
In the invention, the emulsification is preferably carried out under the condition of stirring, the rotating speed of the stirring is preferably 10000-12000 r/min, and the time is preferably 30-60 min.
In the invention, after the weighting material is added, stirring is preferably carried out, wherein the rotating speed of stirring is preferably 10000-12000 r/min, and the time is preferably 30-60 min.
The invention also provides the application of the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum in the technical scheme or the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in the field of petroleum and natural gas drilling of the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum. The invention is not particularly limited to the specific manner of use described, as such may be readily adapted by those skilled in the art.
For further illustration of the present invention, the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for strong water-sensitive and easily collapsible formation and the preparation method and application thereof provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) The preparation method of the high-efficiency emulsifier comprises the following steps:
adding 40 parts by weight of trimer acid, 30 parts by weight of diethanolamine and 20 parts by weight of NaOH catalyst into a three-neck flask, heating to 180 ℃ for acylation reaction, reacting at constant temperature for 8 hours, cooling to 90 ℃, continuing adding 10 parts by weight of dimer acid, stirring for 30 minutes, uniformly mixing, dropwise adding 20 parts by weight of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, and reacting for 8 hours to obtain the product high-efficiency emulsifier 1.
(2) The preparation method of the nano plugging agent comprises the following steps:
adding 35 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of isobutyl acrylate, 10 parts by weight of Span80 and 100 parts by weight of water into a three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen, uniformly stirring, heating to 80 ℃, simultaneously dropwise adding 1 part by weight of ammonium persulfate and 25 parts by weight of methacrylic acid as initiators, stirring for 4 hours to generate emulsion aggregation, continuously adding 15 parts by weight of nano silicon dioxide at constant temperature, stirring at high speed for 2 hours, and spray-drying to obtain the nano plugging agent 1.
(3) The volume ratio of oil to water is 80:20 oil-based drilling fluid formulation:
oil phase: 320mL of gassy oil;
water phase: 80mL of 25% calcium chloride aqueous solution;
based on the total volume of 100mL of the oil phase and the water phase, the oil-based drilling fluid of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
high-efficiency emulsifier: 3.5 g;
alkalinity adjuster (calcium oxide): 2.5 g;
fluid loss additive (oxidized asphalt): 2.0 g;
nano plugging agent: 3.0 g;
organic clay (organobentonite): 1.0 g;
weighting material (barite): weighted to 1.2g/cm3。
(4) The preparation method of the oil-based drilling fluid comprises the following steps: taking 320mL of gas oil, putting the gas oil into a 1000mL high-stirring cup, adding 14.0g of high-efficiency emulsifier at the rotating speed of 12000r/min, and stirring at a high speed for 20 min; then adding 10.0g of calcium oxide, and stirring at high speed for 20 min; then 8.0g of oxidized asphalt is added, and the mixture is stirred at a high speed for 20 min; then adding 12.0g of nano plugging agent, and stirring at high speed for 20 min; then adding 4.0g of organic bentonite, and stirring at high speed for 20 min; adding 80mL of 25% calcium chloride aqueous solution by mass fraction, and stirring at high speed for 30 min; finally adding barite weighted drilling fluid to the density of 1.2g/cm3And stirring at a high speed for 60min to prepare the oil-based drilling fluid.
Example 2
(1) The preparation method of the high-efficiency emulsifier comprises the following steps:
adding 30 parts by weight of trimer acid, 25 parts by weight of diethanolamine and 18 parts by weight of NaOH catalyst into a three-neck flask, heating to 200 ℃ for acylation reaction, reacting at constant temperature for 6 hours, cooling to 120 ℃, continuing adding 15 parts by weight of dimer acid, stirring for 20 minutes, uniformly mixing, dropwise adding 30 parts by weight of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, and reacting for 7 hours to obtain the product, namely the high-efficiency emulsifier 2.
(2) The preparation method of the nano plugging agent comprises the following steps:
adding 45 parts by weight of styrene, 18 parts by weight of isobutyl acrylate, 7 parts by weight of Span80 and 100 parts by weight of water into a three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen, uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, simultaneously dropwise adding 2 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate and 20 parts by weight of methacrylic acid as initiators, stirring for 4 hours to generate emulsion aggregation, continuously adding 10 parts by weight of nano silicon dioxide at constant temperature, stirring at high speed for 2 hours, and spray-drying to obtain the nano plugging agent 2.
(3) The formula of the oil-based drilling fluid with the oil-water volume ratio of 80:20 comprises the following components:
oil phase: 320mL of 3# white oil;
water phase: 80mL of 25% calcium chloride aqueous solution;
based on the total volume of 100mL of the oil phase and the water phase, the oil-based drilling fluid of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
high-efficiency emulsifier: 3.0 g;
alkalinity adjuster (calcium oxide): 3.0 g;
fluid loss additive (oxidized asphalt): 2.5 g;
nano plugging agent: 3.5 g;
organic clay (organobentonite): 2.0 g;
weighting material (barite): weighted to 1.6g/cm3。
(4) The preparation method of the oil-based drilling fluid comprises the following steps: taking 320mL of 3# white oil, putting the oil into a 1000mL high-stirring cup, adding 12.0g of high-efficiency emulsifier at the rotating speed of 12000r/min, and stirring at a high speed for 20 min; then adding 12.0g of calcium oxide, and stirring at high speed for 20 min; then adding 10.0g of oxidized asphalt, and stirring at high speed for 20 min; then adding 14.0g of nano plugging agent, and stirring at high speed for 20 min; then adding 8.0g of organic bentonite, and stirring at high speed for 20 min; adding 80mL of 25% calcium chloride aqueous solution by mass fraction, and stirring at high speed for 30 min; finally adding barite weighted drilling fluid to the density of 1.6g/cm3And stirring at a high speed for 60min to prepare the oil-based drilling fluid.
Example 3
(1) The preparation method of the high-efficiency emulsifier comprises the following steps:
adding 35 parts by weight of trimer acid, 28 parts by weight of diethanolamine and 15 parts by weight of NaOH catalyst into a three-neck flask, heating to 190 ℃ for acylation reaction, reacting at constant temperature for 7 hours, cooling to 100 ℃, continuing adding 12 parts by weight of dimer acid, stirring for 20-30 min, uniformly mixing, dropwise adding 25 parts by weight of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, and reacting for 7 hours to obtain the product, namely the high-efficiency emulsifier 3.
(2) The preparation method of the nano plugging agent comprises the following steps:
adding 40 parts by weight of styrene, 20 parts by weight of isobutyl acrylate, 5 parts by weight of Span80 and 100 parts by weight of water into a three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen, uniformly stirring, heating to 70 ℃, simultaneously dropwise adding 2 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate and 23 parts by weight of methacrylic acid as initiators, stirring for 3 hours to generate emulsion aggregation, continuously adding 12 parts by weight of nano silicon dioxide at constant temperature, stirring at high speed for 1.5 hours, and spray-drying to obtain the nano plugging agent 3.
(3) The formula of the oil-based drilling fluid with the oil-water volume ratio of 85:15 comprises the following components:
oil phase: 255mL of 0# diesel oil;
water phase: 45mL of 25% calcium chloride aqueous solution;
based on the total volume of 100mL of the oil phase and the water phase, the oil-based drilling fluid of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
high-efficiency emulsifier: 4.0 g;
alkalinity adjuster (calcium oxide): 2.0 g;
fluid loss additive (oxidized asphalt): 3.0 g;
nano plugging agent: 4.0 g;
organic clay (organobentonite): 1.5 g;
weighting material (barite): weighted to 2.0g/cm3。
(4) The preparation method of the oil-based drilling fluid comprises the following steps: taking 255mL of 0# diesel oil, putting the diesel oil into a 1000mL high-stirring cup, adding 12.0g of high-efficiency emulsifier at the rotating speed of 12000r/min, and stirring at a high speed for 20 min; then 6.0g of calcium oxide is added and stirred at high speed for 20 min; then adding 9.0g of oxidized asphalt, and stirring at high speed for 20 min; then adding 12.0g of nano plugging agent, and stirring at high speed for 20 min; then adding 4.5g of organic bentonite, and stirring at high speed for 20 min; adding 45mL of 25% calcium chloride aqueous solution by mass fraction, and stirring at high speed for 30 min; finally adding barite weighted drilling fluid to the density of 2.0g/cm3High speed stirringAfter 60 min; and preparing the oil-based drilling fluid.
Example 4 the invention was carried out using the following steps:
(1) the preparation method of the high-efficiency emulsifier is the same as that of example 3.
(2) The preparation method of the nano plugging agent is the same as that of example 3.
(3) The formulation of the oil-based drilling fluid was the same as that of example 3 except that 0# diesel was changed to 5# white oil and the density was increased to 2.4g/cm3。
(4) The oil-based drilling fluid was prepared in the same manner as in example 3 except that 0# diesel oil was changed to 5# white oil, and the density was increased to 2.4g/cm3。
Application performance testing and results
The invention evaluates the performance of the product according to the following criteria:
(1) the density, plastic viscosity, dynamic shearing force, demulsification voltage and high-temperature high-pressure filtration loss of the drilling fluid are measured by adopting a method and an instrument specified in GB/T16783.2-2012 petroleum and natural gas industry drilling fluid field test 2 part oil-based drilling fluid;
(2) the plugging performance of the drilling fluid is measured by a method and an instrument specified in SY/T5840-2007 drilling fluid bridging plugging material indoor test method part 3 fracture type plugging test, and is characterized by the depth of a sand bed;
(3) the inhibition performance of the drilling fluid is measured by a method and an instrument specified by a shale inhibition evaluation method for SY/T5613-2016 drilling fluid, namely a shale expansion test of the 5 th part and a shale rolling recovery test of the 6 th part, and is characterized by linear expansion rate and rolling recovery rate.
1. Evaluation of coating Performance of high-efficiency emulsifier
The shale rolling recovery experiment is used for evaluating the dispersion characteristic of the shale and evaluating the strength of the drilling fluid for inhibiting the formation dispersion capability, and the coating performance of the high-efficiency emulsifier is characterized by the rolling recovery rate.
The preparation method disclosed in the embodiments 1 to 3 is respectively used to prepare the high-efficiency emulsifier 1, the high-efficiency emulsifier 2 and the high-efficiency emulsifier 3. Five parts of 350mL 0# diesel oil are taken, blank, 10.5g of Span-80, 10.5g of high-efficiency emulsifier 1, 10.5g of high-efficiency emulsifier 2 and 10.5g of high-efficiency emulsifier 3 are respectively added, high-speed stirring is carried out for 20min at the rotating speed of 12000r/min, the mixture is poured into a high-temperature aging tank, 50g of strong water-sensitive shale debris (5-10 meshes) is respectively added, the mixture is cleaned after rolling aging is carried out for 16h at the temperature of 120 ℃, the mixture is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve, and the rolling recovery rate of the shale debris is calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared with 0# diesel oil and Span-80, the rolling recovery rate of the high-efficiency emulsifier of the invention is up to more than 95%, and the high-efficiency emulsifier can form a strong coating effect on strong water-sensitive shale, thereby effectively protecting a strong water-sensitive stratum
TABLE 1 evaluation of coating Properties of high-potency emulsifiers
2. Basic properties of oil-based drilling fluids
The oil-based drilling fluid test samples in the embodiments 1-4 are poured into a high-temperature aging tank, rolling aging is carried out for 16 hours at 180 ℃, and the basic performance, the linear expansion coefficient, the rolling recovery rate and the sand bed depth of the oil-based drilling fluid are tested at 50 ℃, and the results are shown in table 2. As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the concentration of the compound is 1.2 to 2.4g/cm3Under the condition of different densities, the oil-based drilling fluid disclosed by the invention can keep good rheological property and electric stability, the linear expansion rate is below 1.3%, the high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss is less than 2mL, the depth of a sand bed is less than 3.0cm, and the rolling recovery rate is more than 96%; the oil-based drilling fluid disclosed by the invention has good inhibition performance and plugging performance.
TABLE 2 Properties of oil-based drilling fluids
Note: AV is apparent viscosity; PV is plastic viscosity; YP is dynamic shear force; ES is the demulsification voltage value, the electric stability of the oil-based drilling fluid, and the higher the demulsification voltage is, the stronger the stability is; FLHTHPIs high at high temperatureLoss of filter pressing; linear expansion coefficient: the method is used for evaluating the inhibition performance of the drilling fluid, and the smaller the linear expansion coefficient is, the stronger the inhibition performance is; rolling recovery rate: a method for evaluating the inhibition performance of a drilling fluid, wherein the larger the rolling recovery rate is, the stronger the inhibition performance is; depth of sand bed: the plugging capability of the drilling fluid is shown, and the smaller the depth of the sand bed is, the better the plugging capability is shown.
3. Oil-based drilling fluid anti-pollution performance
The oil-based drilling fluid inevitably encounters water invasion and soil invasion in the drilling use process, so that the performance of the drilling fluid is changed, the oil-based drilling fluid has certain anti-pollution capacity, the influence of the water invasion and the soil invasion on the high-density oil-based drilling fluid is obvious, and the oil-based drilling fluid in the embodiment 4 is selected for evaluation of the anti-pollution performance.
Seven parts of oil-based drilling fluid are taken, blank, 5 wt% of water, 10 wt% of water, 20 wt% of water, 5 wt% of sodium bentonite, 10 wt% of sodium bentonite and 15 wt% of sodium bentonite are sequentially added, high-speed stirring is carried out for 20min at the rotating speed of 12000r/min, the mixture is poured into a high-temperature aging tank, rolling aging is carried out for 16h at 180 ℃, the basic performance of the oil-based drilling fluid is tested at 50 ℃, and the result is shown in table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, as the water invasion amount in the drilling fluid gradually increases, the shear force, the viscosity and the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid loss slightly increase, and the demulsification voltage gradually decreases; when the water invasion is 20%, the demulsification voltage is still greater than 400V, and the high-temperature high-pressure filtration loss is only 3mL, which indicates that the system has good water pollution resistance. With the increase of the addition of sodium bentonite in the drilling fluid, the shearing force and the viscosity are gradually increased, the high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss is slightly changed, and the performance is in a controllable range, which indicates that the oil-based drilling fluid has good soil pollution resistance.
As can be seen from Table 3, the oil-based drilling fluid disclosed by the invention has stronger inhibition performance, can effectively inhibit hydration expansion of shale when drilling into a water-sensitive stratum, can reduce the phenomenon of hole shrinkage or well collapse caused by hydration, expansion, dispersion and slurrying, and is suitable for drilling a water-sensitive easily-collapsed complex stratum.
TABLE 3 evaluation of anti-contamination Capacity of oil-based drilling fluids
4. Evaluation of plugging performance of nano plugging agent
Experiment through the pressure transmission experiment, investigate the speed and the amount of pressure transmission of the drilling fluid to the shale. The shale core is made by pressing 20g of bentonite at 12MPa for 5min, the core is 2.5cm long, the core is saturated by standard brine, the pressure of an upstream container is 4.2MPa (drilling fluid), the pressure of a downstream container is 0.7MPa (standard brine), the pressure difference is 3.5MPa, base slurry is prepared (the same as that of the embodiment 1, the difference is that no nano plugging agent is added), a high-temperature high-pressure well wall stability simulation experiment device is used indoors to perform a shale pressure transmission experiment, the pressure transmission condition on the shale is tested, the plugging capability of the micro-nano plugging agent on the shale is evaluated, and the plugging capability is represented by the speed of the downstream rising pressure. The results are shown in Table 4. Table 4 shows that as the pressurization time increases, the pressure rise downstream of the drilling fluid added with the nano plugging agent is smaller, and the pressure transmission speed in the core is greatly reduced. The nano plugging agent disclosed by the invention can be used for remarkably improving the plugging property of the drilling fluid on the shale and slowing down the pressure transfer speed of the drilling fluid on the shale stratum.
Table 4 evaluation of plugging ability of oil-based drilling fluids
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum is characterized by comprising the following components: oil phase, water phase, high-efficiency emulsifier, alkalinity regulator, filtrate reducer, nano plugging agent and organic solventThe soil and the weighting material, wherein the volume ratio of the oil phase to the water phase is 80-85: 15-20, wherein the total volume of the oil phase and the water phase is 100mL, the mass of the efficient emulsifier in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 3.0-4.0 g, the mass of the alkalinity regulator in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 2.0-3.0 g, the mass of the filtrate reducer in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 2.0-3.0 g, the mass of the nano plugging agent in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 3.0-4.0 g, the mass of the organic soil in the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum is 1.0-2.0 g, and the mass of the weighting material enables the density of the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive easily-collapsed stratum to be 1.2-2.4 g/cm3；
The high-efficiency emulsifier is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
mixing trimer acid, diethanolamine and an alkaline catalyst to carry out an acylation reaction to obtain an acylation product;
and mixing the acylation product, dimer acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether for esterification reaction to obtain the high-efficiency emulsifier.
2. The oil-based drilling fluid according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the trimer acid, the diethanolamine and the basic catalyst is 30-40: 25-30: 15 to 20.
3. The oil-based drilling fluid according to claim 1, wherein the acylation reaction is carried out at a temperature of 180-200 ℃ for 6-8 hours.
4. The oil-based drilling fluid according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the trimer acid to the dimer acid to the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is 30-40: 10-15: 20 to 30.
5. The oil-based drilling fluid according to claim 1, wherein the esterification reaction temperature is 90 to 120 ℃ and the time is 7 to 8 hours.
6. The oil-based drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the nano-plugging agent is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
under the protective atmosphere, mixing styrene, isobutyl acrylate, Span80, an initiator, methacrylic acid and water to carry out emulsion aggregation to obtain an emulsion polymer;
and mixing the emulsion polymer with nano silicon dioxide and then drying to obtain the nano plugging agent.
7. The oil-based drilling fluid according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of styrene, isobutyl acrylate, Span80, water, initiator and methacrylic acid is 35-45: 15-20: 5-10: 100: 1-2: 20 to 25.
8. The oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum as claimed in claim 6, wherein the emulsion is aggregated at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 3-4 h.
9. The preparation method of the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
sequentially adding a high-efficiency emulsifier, an alkalinity regulator, a filtrate reducer, a nano plugging agent and organic soil into the oil phase to obtain an oil phase mixed solution;
and adding a water phase into the oil phase mixed solution, emulsifying, and then adding a weighting material to obtain the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum.
10. The oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the oil-based drilling fluid suitable for the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum prepared by the preparation method according to claim 9 is applied to the field of petroleum and natural gas drilling of the strong water-sensitive and easily-collapsed stratum.
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