CN114418068A - Millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on multi-step neural network structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on a multi-step neural network structure, which comprises the following steps of S1: first information including a speed, an angle, and a distance is obtained by a millimeter wave radar and the obtained speed and distance are subjected to fourier transform processing to take a generated speed and distance spectrogram as a first target feature. The invention discloses a millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on a multi-step Neural Network structure, which is used for directly carrying out normalization prediction on radar sparse point cloud information through a Forward transmission Neural Network (Feed Forward Neural Network) to obtain high-resolution point cloud information, and provides a novel algorithm for the problem of millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave radar point cloud, and particularly relates to a millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on a multi-step neural network structure.
Background
With the rapid development of intelligent sensing technology, millimeter wave radar is widely applied to object detection and identification tasks as one of intelligent sensors. In the field of autopilot, millimeter wave radars are often used as an auxiliary sensor in cooperation with cameras and laser radars to achieve a high-order autopilot function. Compared with laser radar and camera, the millimeter wave radar has the advantages of capability of detecting object speed and distance information, low cost and suitability for various weather illumination conditions. However, millimeter wave radar has a very large defect that its resolution is low, and the point cloud obtained in the field of automatic driving is very sparse.
If the high-resolution point cloud information of the millimeter wave radar can be effectively improved, the market application prospect of the millimeter wave radar can be greatly improved, and the scale is huge. In literature, no effective method for reconstructing the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud exists at present.
Therefore, the above problems are further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on a multi-step Neural Network structure, high-resolution (high-density) point cloud information is predicted by directly carrying out normalization on radar sparse point cloud information through a Forward transfer Neural Network (Feed Forward Neural Network), and a novel algorithm is provided for the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud problem.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on a multi-step neural network structure, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: obtaining first information including speed, angle and distance through a millimeter wave radar and performing Fourier transform processing on the obtained speed and distance to take a generated speed and distance spectrogram as a first target feature;
step S2: extracting spatial coordinate point cloud information corresponding to the speed and distance spectrogram;
step S3: clustering the spatial coordinate point cloud information to ensure that all the central point coordinates do not change any more, thereby obtaining clustering points;
step S4: the cluster points are input to a multi-step forward neural network model for regression prediction and to generate supplemental spatial coordinate point cloud information to obtain dense point cloud information.
As a more preferable mode of the above mode, in step S1, the radar frequency modulates the continuous wave signal, and the relational expression between the distance and the speed is:
where c is the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave in air, R is the distance between the object and the radar, v is the relative velocity, τ is the propagation time, and the ratio of the distance between the object and the radar is calculated to obtain R:
as a more preferable mode of the above-described mode, in step S1, the speed and distance are fourier-transformed by the following formulas:
wherein, b [ n, m, k]Refers to the nth sample point, T, of the mth chirp signal (chirp) received on the kth antennafastA sampling interval for sampling a signal within a sweep period;
performing two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform on N sampling points in a period to obtain corresponding distances, wherein the formula is as follows:
as a more preferable mode of the above-described mode, in step S2, the distance frequency component and the velocity frequency component having non-zero values are extracted from step S1, and the following is calculated:
x=Rsinθ,y=Rcosθ,
to obtain spatial coordinate point cloud information (x, y, z coordinates) of the millimeter wave radar.
As a further preferable technical solution of the above technical solution, in step S3, the K-means clustering process is performed on the spatial coordinate point cloud information, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
step S3.1: randomly selecting 5 initial point information, namely C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5;
step S3.2: finding Euclidean distances between all points of the spatial coordinate point cloud information and the initial point information, wherein the distance formula is as follows:
X=(x1,x2,x3),C=(y1,y2,y3);
step S3.3: and allocating the point corresponding to each piece of spatial coordinate point cloud information to the center closest to the acquired distance:
step S3.4: recalculating the assigned points for new center points by the following formula:
step S3.5: step S3.2-step S3.4 are repeated to keep the coordinates of all the center points (cluster points) unchanged.
As a further preferable technical solution of the above technical solution, in step S4, the obtained clustering points are input to a multi-step forward neural network model, and the method is specifically implemented as the following steps:
step S4.1: the multi-step forward neural network model comprises an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer, and X isLSet as the input data point of the L-th layer, the output result X of the L + 1-th layerL+1Comprises the following steps:
ZL=F(XL)=WL*XL+bL;
J=||A-XL+1||;
wherein, WL,bLAnd A is the real labeled data of training, and the calculation formula is as follows:
step S4.2: the gradient is calculated as:
step S4.3: according to the multi-step neural network format of the differential equation, the transfer of the forward neural network is modeled as a mathematical differential equation, and the formula is as follows:
wherein: t is the number of layers of the neural network model, and the differential equation is expanded to obtain:
wherein: lambda [ alpha ]iAre coefficients.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure when executing the program.
To achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method is used for reconstructing the sparse millimeter wave radar point cloud by combining a clustering method with a neural network, and belongs to the algorithm-based process which is proposed for the first time.
2. A multi-step forward-transitive neural network architecture is proposed. Different from a general forward transmission network structure, the network structure is derived from strict mathematical theory and formula by adopting mathematical theory, and produces better results in practical experiments.
3. The original radar point cloud information is clustered by adopting a K-mean clustering algorithm, so that the data dimension can be effectively reduced, and the training effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a point cloud prediction diagram based on Kmean clustering and a multi-step forward neural network of the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure.
FIG. 2 is the raw point cloud information collected by the millimeter wave radar.
FIG. 3 is a point cloud information diagram predicted by a neural network of the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on a multi-step neural network structure.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention, as defined in the following description, may be applied to other embodiments, variations, modifications, equivalents, and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art should note that the electronic devices and storage media and the like to which the present invention relates may be regarded as prior art.
Preferred embodiments.
The invention discloses a millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on a multi-step neural network structure, which comprises the following steps of:
step S1: obtaining first information including speed, angle and distance through a millimeter wave radar and performing Fourier transform processing on the obtained speed and distance to take a generated speed and distance spectrogram as a first target feature;
step S2: extracting spatial coordinate point cloud information corresponding to the speed and distance spectrogram;
step S3: clustering the spatial coordinate point cloud information to ensure that all the central point coordinates do not change any more, thereby obtaining clustering points;
step S4: the cluster points are input to a multi-step forward neural network model for regression prediction and to generate supplemental spatial coordinate point cloud information to obtain dense point cloud information.
Specifically, in step S1, the radar frequency modulates the continuous wave signal, and the relationship between the distance and the speed is as follows:
where c is the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave in air, R is the distance between the object and the radar, v is the relative velocity, τ is the propagation time, and the ratio of the distance between the object and the radar is calculated to obtain R:
more specifically, in step S1, the fourier transform processing is performed on the velocity and the distance by the following formulas:
wherein, b [ n, m, k]Refers to the nth sample point, T, of the mth chirp signal (chirp) received on the kth antennafastA sampling interval for sampling a signal within a sweep period;
performing two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform on N sampling points in a period to obtain corresponding distances, wherein the formula is as follows:
further, in step S2, the distance frequency component and the velocity frequency component having non-zero values are extracted from step S1, and the following are calculated:
x=Rsinθ,y=Rcosθ,
to obtain spatial coordinate point cloud information (x, y, z coordinates) of the millimeter wave radar.
Further, in step S3, the K-means clustering process is performed on the spatial coordinate point cloud information, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
step S3.1: randomly selecting 5 initial point information, namely C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5;
step S3.2: finding Euclidean distances between all points of the spatial coordinate point cloud information and the initial point information, wherein the distance formula is as follows:
X=(x1,x2,x3),C=(y1,y2,y3);
step S3.3: and allocating the point corresponding to each piece of spatial coordinate point cloud information to the center closest to the acquired distance:
step S3.4: recalculating the assigned points for new center points by the following formula:
step S3.5: step S3.2-step S3.4 are repeated to keep the coordinates of all the center points (cluster points) unchanged.
Preferably, in step S4, the obtained clustering points are input to the multi-step forward neural network model, and the method is implemented as the following steps:
step S4.1: the multi-step forward neural network model comprises an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer, and X isLSet as the input data point of the L-th layer, the output result X of the L + 1-th layerL+1Comprises the following steps:
ZL=F(XL)=WL*XL+bL;
J=||A-XL+1||;
wherein, WL,bLAnd A is the real labeled data of training, and the calculation formula is as follows:
step S4.2: the gradient is calculated as:
step S4.3: according to the multi-step neural network format of the differential equation, the transfer of the forward neural network is modeled as a mathematical differential equation, and the formula is as follows:
wherein: t is the number of layers of the neural network model, and the differential equation is expanded to obtain:
wherein: lambda [ alpha ]iAre coefficients.
The invention also discloses electronic equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the steps of the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure when executing the program.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a new algorithm aiming at the difficult problem of point cloud sparsity of millimeter wave radar. The algorithm can effectively improve the wide application range of the reconstructed millimeter wave radar high-density point cloud sensor through the output result of the existing radar.
The real-time detection algorithm comprises the following specific processes:
1. and obtaining information such as speed, angle, distance and the like through the millimeter wave radar signal.
The radar Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) signal is adopted, and the relation formula of the distance and the speed is as follows:
where c is the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave in air, R is the distance between the object and the radar, v is the relative velocity, and τ is the propagation time.
2. Fourier transform is carried out on the obtained speed and distance to generate a distance-speed spectrogram which is used as a first target characteristic,
b[n,m,k]refers to the nth sample point, T, of the mth chip received on the kth antennafastIs the sampling interval at which the signal is sampled during one sweep period. The adopted 2-transmitting and 4-receiving radar antenna is shown in figure 1, wherein the value of N is 256, the value of M is 128, K is 4, the frame rate is 20fps, and the corresponding distance is obtained by performing two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform on N sampling points in one period and is shown as a formula (4).
3. Spatial coordinate point cloud information obtained by extracting radar signals
Extracting the distance frequency component and the speed frequency component with non-zero values, and calculating according to the formula (2),
x=Rsinθ,y=Rcosθ (6)
namely radar space point cloud information (x, y, z coordinates).
4. The obtained point cloud (x, y, z) is subjected to K-mean (K-mean) clustering, and in order to reduce input cost and improve calculation efficiency, a specific algorithm of setting K to 5.K-mean is as follows,
(1) randomly selecting 5 initial point information, named as C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5
(2) Finding Euclidean distances d (X, C) between all points and the initial point, wherein the distance formula is as follows:
X=(x1,x2,x3),C=(y1,y2,y3)
(3) using the distances obtained above, each point is assigned to the nearest center,
(4) recalculating the new center point for the assigned point by the following formula:
(5) repeating steps 2 to 4 until all the coordinates of the center point are not changed.
5. And inputting the obtained clustering points (K is 5) into a multi-step forward neural network model, and carrying out normalization prediction to generate more point cloud information. The basic structure of the forward neural network comprises an Input layer, a Hidden layer, an output layer
The forward neural network basic structure comprises an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer;
the mathematical formula is as follows:
an input layer: xLThe output result X of the L +1 layer is the input data point of the L layerL+1Is ZL=F(XL)=WL*XL+bL,
J=||A-XL+1||
Wherein WL,bLThe weight and the deviation parameter of the L-th layer are obtained, A is the real labeled data of the training, and the calculation formula is
The gradient is calculated as:
one of the biggest characteristics of the invention is that based on the forward neural network theory, a multistep neural network format of a differential equation is provided, the transmission modeling of the forward neural network is shown as the mathematical differential equation below,
the time T is the number of layers of the neural network model. The Adams-Bashforth formula AB (Adams-Bashforth) is called AB format for short, and the differential equation is developed to obtain
Wherein λiFor the coefficients, a 3-step AB format was used in the experiments, with the mathematical formula,
6. the result is that more dense point cloud information is produced, as shown in fig. 3, and the algorithm flow of the present invention is shown in fig. 1.
The invention also discloses a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure. It should be noted that the technical features of the electronic device, the storage medium, and the like related to the present patent application should be regarded as the prior art, and the specific structure, the operation principle, the control mode and the spatial arrangement mode of the technical features may be selected conventionally in the field, and should not be regarded as the invention point of the present patent, and the present patent is not further specifically described in detail.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made in the embodiments and/or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on a multi-step neural network structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: obtaining first information including speed, angle and distance through a millimeter wave radar and performing Fourier transform processing on the obtained speed and distance to take a generated speed and distance spectrogram as a first target feature;
step S2: extracting spatial coordinate point cloud information corresponding to the speed and distance spectrogram;
step S3: clustering the spatial coordinate point cloud information to ensure that all the central point coordinates do not change any more, thereby obtaining clustering points;
step S4: the cluster points are input to a multi-step forward neural network model for regression prediction and to generate supplemental spatial coordinate point cloud information to obtain dense point cloud information.
2. The millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the continuous wave signal is modulated by the radar frequency, and the relation formula of the distance and the speed is as follows:
where c is the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave in air, R is the distance between the object and the radar, v is the relative velocity, τ is the propagation time, and the ratio of the distance between the object and the radar is calculated to obtain R:
3. the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the fourier transform processing is performed on the speed and the distance by the following formula:
wherein, b [ n, m, k]Refers to the nth sampling point, T, of the mth chirp signal received on the kth antennafastA sampling interval for sampling a signal within a sweep period;
performing two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform on N sampling points in a period to obtain corresponding distances, wherein the formula is as follows:
4. the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, the distance frequency component and the velocity frequency component with non-zero values are extracted from step S1, and the following are calculated:
x=Rsinθ,y=Rcosθ,
so as to obtain the spatial coordinate point cloud information of the millimeter wave radar.
5. The millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S3, K-means clustering processing is performed on the spatial coordinate point cloud information, and the method is specifically implemented as the following steps:
step S3.1: randomly selecting 5 initial point information, namely C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5;
step S3.2: finding Euclidean distances between all points of the spatial coordinate point cloud information and the initial point information, wherein the distance formula is as follows:
X=(x1,x2,x3),C=(y1,y2,y3);
step S3.3: and allocating the point corresponding to each piece of spatial coordinate point cloud information to the center closest to the acquired distance:
step S3.4: recalculating the assigned points for new center points by the following formula:
step S3.5: step S3.2-step S3.4 are repeated to keep the coordinates of all the center points from changing.
6. The millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S4, the obtained clustering points are input into the multi-step forward neural network model, and the method is implemented as the following steps:
step S4.1: the multi-step forward neural network model comprises an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer, and X isLSet as the input data point of the L-th layer, the output result X of the L + 1-th layerL+1Comprises the following steps:
ZL=F(XL)=WL*XL+bL;
J=||A-XL+1||;
wherein, WL,bLAnd A is the real labeled data of training, and the calculation formula is as follows:
step S4.2: the gradient is calculated as:
step S4.3: according to the multi-step neural network format of the differential equation, the transfer of the forward neural network is modeled as a mathematical differential equation, and the formula is as follows:
wherein: t is the number of layers of the neural network model, and the differential equation is expanded to obtain:
wherein: lambda [ alpha ]iAre coefficients.
7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the program.
8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the millimeter wave radar sparse point cloud reconstruction method based on the multi-step neural network structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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