CN114417634A - Plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material wet heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method based on mesoscopic modeling - Google Patents
Plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material wet heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method based on mesoscopic modeling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material wet heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method based on mesoscopic modeling comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out an aging test on the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material 2) establishing a change rule function of the water absorption of each aging material along with aging time at different temperatures; 3) establishing a function of the change rule of the strength of each component at different temperatures along with the aging time; 4) respectively establishing a relation function between the strength of each component and the water absorption rate and the temperature; 5) establishing a composite material mesoscopic RVE model; 6) defining and introducing an environmental degradation factor; 7) calculating the elastic property of the composite material; 8) calculating the failure strength of the composite material; 9) and predicting the wet heat aging performance of the macroscopic composite material. The invention fully considers the coupling effect of multiple scales and factors and provides a model and a method for predicting the mechanical property of the green composite material after aging in practical application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material detection, and particularly relates to a mesoscopic modeling-based plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material wet-heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method.
Background
Degradability is one of the most important advantages of plant fiber reinforced composites. However, due to the hygroscopicity of plant fibers and the degradable property of polylactic acid, the durability of plant fibers in service environments such as humidity and moist heat still faces a great challenge. At present, composite material aging research oriented to automobile service working conditions mainly focuses on traditional synthetic fiber reinforced resin, such as carbon fiber, glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin, phenolic resin and the like. For the plant fiber reinforced polylactic acid composite material, due to the specific hydrophilicity and typical multi-scale multi-layer microstructure of the plant fiber and the degradable characteristic of the polylactic acid, the environmental aging research is more complex and difficult.
The mechanical properties of the plant fiber reinforced composite material are very sensitive to the damp and hot environment. Experimental research shows that the mechanical property of the plant fiber reinforced composite material can be obviously reduced by moisture absorption and hydrothermal aging, and the service life of the plant fiber reinforced composite material is influenced. In plant fibers, the components responsible for absorbing moisture are mainly hemicellulose, the higher the content of the hemicellulose is, the higher the moisture absorption and degradation degree is, and different structural forms of the plant fibers also have influence on moisture diffusion. The water absorption rule of the plant fiber reinforced composite material at room temperature generally follows the Fickian diffusion rule, the water absorption initially changes linearly, and the water absorption gradually becomes slow and tends to be saturated after a long time. At higher temperatures, however, the absorption behavior is significantly accelerated and the moisture saturation time is greatly shortened.
Due to the characteristics of hydrophilicity and complex structure of plant fiber and the degradability of a polylactic acid matrix, the performance of each component (fiber, matrix and fiber-matrix interface) in the composite material is often changed under the action of long-term damp and hot environment, most of the existing researches on aging prediction models and methods only aim at the fiber and the matrix, ignore the self degradation of the fiber/matrix and the interface separation phenomenon caused by the degradation of the fiber/matrix, and cannot fully react and analyze the influence of the recession of each component of the fiber, the matrix and the interface in the short plant fiber reinforced composite material on the mechanical property of the material from a micro-fine-macro level multi-scale.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the design requirements of light-weight parts of low-carbon automobiles, the invention provides a plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material wet-heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method based on mesoscopic modeling, and provides reference and guidance for the design application of a plant fiber/polylactic acid green composite material in practical engineering.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material wet heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method based on mesoscopic modeling comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material, and respectively carrying out an aging test on the composite material, a polylactic acid matrix and plant fibers: selecting typical plant fibers as a filling phase, and preparing a plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material by using degradable polylactic acid as a matrix material; referring to the accelerated aging standard of parts in the automobile industry, putting the plant fiber, the polylactic acid matrix and the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material which are dried in advance into constant-temperature water tanks at different temperatures for artificial accelerated aging to obtain aged materials at different aging temperatures and aging times;
2) establishing a change rule function of the water absorption of each material along with aging time at different temperatures: carrying out water absorption test on the aged material obtained in the step 1), directly measuring the water absorption of the polylactic acid matrix and the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material through an electronic scale, indirectly calculating the water absorption of the plant fiber from the water absorption of the polylactic acid matrix and the composite material, fitting the change rule of the water absorption of the material along with the aging time at various temperatures to obtain the functions of the water absorption (M) of the three materials and the aging temperature (T) and the aging time (T), wherein the functions are respectively the functions of the fiber Mf(T, T), polylactic acid matrix Mm(T, T) and composite Material Mi(t,T)；
3) Establishing a function of the change rule of the strength of each component along with the aging time at different temperatures: carrying out strength test on the aged material obtained in the step 1): the dumbbell tensile test is carried out on the polylactic acid matrix, the single fiber tensile test is carried out on the plant fiber, the single fiber pull-out test is carried out on the composite material, and the functions of the strength of the polylactic acid matrix, the strength of the plant fiber and the strength of the composite material changing along with the aging time at different temperatures are respectively obtained: sm(t,T)，Sf(T, T) and Si(t,T)；
4) Respectively establishing a relation function among the strength, the water absorption and the temperature of each component of the polylactic acid matrix, the plant fiber and the composite material: integrating the obtained data, and fitting the data to obtain the functions of the strength of the plant fiber, the polylactic acid matrix and the fiber-matrix interface along with the change of the water absorption and the aging temperature, which are respectively the fiber Sf(M, T), base Sm(M, T) and the fiber-matrix interface Si(M,T)；
5) Establishing a composite material mesoscopic RVE model: sampling from an unaged plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material, and carrying out X-ray tomography to obtain a tomography gray image containing material microstructure information; carrying out three-dimensional visual analysis on the tomogram, establishing a three-dimensional view, completing geometric simplified cleaning of the fiber and the polylactic acid matrix, introducing a reconstructed geometric model into finite element analysis software, and establishing a mesoscopic RVE model of the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material;
6) environmental degradation factor definition and introduction: compiling constitutive relation of plant fiber, polylactic acid matrix and composite material interface simulation unit, defining attribute of composite material mesoscopic RVE model, constructing each component environment degradation factor (D) function based on intensity change function,
wherein S (M ', T') is the strength at a temperature T 'and a hygroscopicity M', S (M)0,T0) Is the initial strength of the material. The degradation factor function D of the fiber can be obtained from the above formulaf(M, T), degradation factor function D of the substratem(M, T) and degradation factor function D of the fiber-matrix interfacei(M,T)；
7) And (3) calculating the elastic property of the composite material: introducing a degradation factor, and correcting the elastic performance parameters of each component; under the periodic boundary condition, applying linear irrelevant displacement load to the RVE model and carrying out simulation to obtain the elastic properties of the macroscopic composite material with different temperatures and water absorption rates;
8) and (3) calculating the failure strength of the composite material: respectively defining corresponding initial failure criteria and damage extension criteria aiming at three components of plant fibers, a polylactic acid matrix and a composite material interface in a mesoscopic model, introducing a degradation factor, correcting failure parameters, and carrying out numerical simulation to obtain macroscopic composite material failure strengths at different water absorption rates and temperatures;
9) predicting the wet heat aging performance of the macroscopic composite material: establishing a macroscopic model of a composite material tensile and three-point bending test piece, substituting a macroscopic elasticity performance function and a failure strength function of the composite material which are obtained based on mesoscopic RVE model simulation and depend on water absorption and temperature change into the macroscopic model, setting a damp and hot environment for finite element analysis, and predicting the mechanical properties of the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material with different aging degrees under damp and hot aging conditions.
In the step 1), the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material is prepared from jute fibers and polylactic acid particles through injection molding.
In the step 5), the finite element software is Abaqus software; the three-dimensional visualization analysis employs avizo9.0 software.
In the step 8), the failure criterion of the fiber adopts the maximum stress criterion; the failure criterion of the polylactic acid matrix adopts a generalized Mises failure criterion; the secondary stress criterion is applied to the fiber-matrix interface in the composite.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, the construction targets of 'carbon peak reaching' and 'carbon neutralization' in China are focused, and aiming at the current times of energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection, the research of the multi-scale prediction method of the aging performance of the plant fiber/polylactic acid green composite material for low-carbon automobiles is carried out, a new path of raw material formation of crops is explored, the dilemma of petroleum energy crisis is broken, and references and bases are provided for the further application of the plant fiber/polylactic acid green composite material in the field of automobile parts.
2) At present, more attention is paid to establishment and perfection of a moisture diffusion theoretical model, structural internal stress analysis and the like in the research on the damp-heat aging of the short plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material, and a mechanical property prediction model and a method after effective aging of a system are not formed. According to the invention, based on the microscopic modeling considering the performance of each component, a fiber, a matrix and an interface performance correction function depending on a water absorption variable are constructed, the elastic performance and the failure strength of the short plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material after aging under the coupling influence of a plurality of factors are predicted, and a new thought is provided for the performance prediction of the composite material.
3) In the long-term service process, the automobile part structure has aging phenomena of different degrees under the influence of factors such as environment, load, abrasion and the like, and needs to be updated and maintained regularly. Compared with materials such as metal, traditional plastics and the like, the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material is more sensitive to service working conditions and has more obvious aging phenomenon. If the service life of the component is exceeded, the use function can be lost, and even serious safety accidents can be caused. And the device can be updated and maintained in advance without reaching the service life limit, which can also cause great waste of manpower and materials and obviously increase the use cost. The aging performance simulation and service life prediction method provided by the invention can effectively support the structural design theory of green composite material parts, and provides reference for formulating reasonable maintenance period and mode, thereby reducing economic cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of a plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material moisture and heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method based on mesoscopic modeling.
Detailed Description
The mesoscopic modeling-based plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material wet heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method is further explained in detail:
a plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material moisture and heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method based on mesoscopic modeling is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
1) preparation and aging test of the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material: the jute fiber/polylactic acid composite material is prepared by selecting jute fiber as a filling phase, selecting degradable polylactic acid as a base material, removing moisture from the jute fiber and polylactic acid particles in a vacuum drying oven, treating the jute fiber with an alkali/silane coupling agent, and fully mixing the jute fiber and the polylactic acid particles according to the ratio of 1:9 (the ratio is only used for explaining model establishment, and the jute fiber/polylactic acid composite material is applicable to any ratio). Preparing jute fiber/polylactic acid particles by a double-screw extruder, drying, and preparing a required sample by a plastic injection molding machine; simultaneously, respectively preparing a pure jute fiber sample and a polylactic acid sample by adopting the method, respectively selecting water baths at 25 ℃, 40 ℃ and 55 ℃ as aging working conditions, carrying out damp-heat accelerated aging on the polylactic acid, jute fiber and composite material, and drying the samples after the aging is finished;
2) establishing a change rule function of the water absorption of each aging material along with aging time at different temperatures: calculating the water absorption rates of the pure polylactic acid matrix and the composite material by an electronic scale weighing method, and periodically monitoring the average water absorption rates of the jute fiber/polylactic acid composite material, the jute fiber and the pure polylactic acid until the equilibrium water absorption rate M in the Fickian formula is reached∞The water absorption M in the composite and in the pure polylactic acid material is calculated according to ASTM D5229 standard.
The water absorption of the fibers was obtained by the following formula
ΔMc＝ΔMf×Vf+ΔWm(1-Vf)
The saturated water absorption rates of the jute fiber/polylactic acid composite material, the jute fiber and the pure polylactic acid at different temperatures are respectively obtained through experiments,
TABLE 1 saturated Water absorption of the aged materials at different temperatures
Integrating the test data to respectively obtain the rule that the water absorption rates of the composite material, the polylactic acid matrix and the jute fiber change along with the aging time at different aging temperatures;
3) establishing a function of the change rule of the strength of each component along with the aging time at different temperatures: selecting materials with different aging temperatures and aging times to perform mechanical property tests, performing a single fiber pulling-out test on the composite material, performing a single fiber tensile test on the fiber, and performing a dumbbell tensile test on the polylactic acid matrix to respectively obtain the strength reduction ratios when the three components reach the saturated water absorption rate, which are shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 Strength Change of the Components at different temperatures (percent reduction compared to initial Strength)
Integrating the data obtained by the test to respectively obtain the rule that the strength of the matrix-fiber interface changes along with the aging temperature and the aging time, the rule that the fiber strength changes along with the aging temperature and the aging time, and the rule that the strength of the polylactic acid matrix changes along with the aging temperature and the aging time;
4) respectively establishing a relation function among the strength, the water absorption and the temperature of each component of the polylactic acid substrate, the fiber and the composite material: integrating the obtained data, and fitting the data to obtain the functions of the strength of the plant fiber, the polylactic acid matrix and the fiber-matrix interface along with the change of the water absorption rate and the aging temperature
Sf(M,T)＝14.82787+0.9456T-0.03143M-0.01163T2-0.02714M2-0.00991MT
Sm(M,T)＝42.16438+0.49302T-17.52793M-0.0065T2-24.68074M2+0.37515MT
Si(M,T)＝-1.23196+3.11211T+9.87753M-0.03748T2-1.82922M2-0.3378MT
5) Establishing a composite material mesoscopic RVE model: sampling from an unaged plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material, and carrying out X-ray tomography to obtain a tomography gray image containing material microstructure information; the tomographic image of the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material was subjected to three-dimensional visualization analysis using avizo9.0 software. In order to remove the influence of impurities in the image, firstly, a median filtering technology is adopted to carry out filtering simplification processing on the original image; then, the holes on the surface of the natural fiber are closed and cleaned by adopting a repairing function in Avizo9.0 software, and the surface of the repaired plant fiber voxel model is smoothed; finally, importing the reconstructed geometric model into finite element analysis software Abaqus software to establish a mesoscopic RVE model of the composite material;
6) environmental degradation factor definition and introduction: and compiling constitutive relations of the fiber, the matrix and the interface simulation unit, and performing attribute definition on the composite material mesoscopic RVE model. Constructing each component environmental degradation factor (D) function based on intensity variation function
Obtaining degradation factor functions of the fibers respectively
Df(M,T)＝0.46337+0.02955T-0.00098m-0.00036T2-0.00085M2+0.00031MT，
Degradation factor function of matrix
Dm(M,T)＝0.84329+0.00986T-0.35056m-0.00013T2-0.49361M2+0.00750MT，
Degradation factor function of fiber-matrix interface
Di(M,T)＝-0.02124+0.05366T+0.17030m-0.00065T2-0.03154M2-0.00582MT，
Introducing a degradation factor into a corresponding constitutive structure to realize the correction of constitutive parameters of each component based on an aging effect;
7) and (3) calculating the elastic property of the composite material: modifying the elastic performance parameters of each component by introducing a degradation factor; under the periodic boundary condition, applying linear irrelevant displacement load to the RVE model and carrying out simulation to obtain the elastic performance of the macroscopic composite material under different temperature and water absorption rate conditions;
8) and (3) calculating the failure strength of the composite material: because the research scale is small in a microscopic state, short plant fibers are regarded as isotropic materials in a microscopic model, the plant fibers are expressed as linear elastic constitutive, and the failure criterion of the fibers adopts the maximum stress criterion; the polylactic acid matrix is generally considered to be an isotropic elastic-plastic material, and the failure criterion adopts a generalized Mises failure criterion; adopting a cohesive force structure for a fiber-matrix interface and adopting a secondary stress criterion; correcting the failure parameters, and performing numerical simulation to obtain the failure strength of the macroscopic composite material at different water absorption rates and temperatures;
9) predicting the wet heat aging performance of the macroscopic composite material: establishing a macroscopic model of a composite material tensile and three-point bending test piece, wherein the composite material tensile standard adopts ISO 527-2, the three-point bending standard adopts EN ISO14125, the macroscopic elastic property and the failure strength of the composite material which are obtained based on mesoscopic RVE model simulation and depend on water absorption rate change are substituted into the macroscopic model, a damp-heat environment is set for finite element analysis, the mechanical properties of the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material with different aging degrees under the damp-heat aging working condition are predicted, and the result shows that the tensile experiment error is 7.86 percent and the three-point bending experiment error is 8.13 percent, so that the prediction method has certain practical significance in predicting the damp-heat aging property of the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material.
Claims (4)
1. A plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material wet heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method based on mesoscopic modeling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material, and respectively carrying out aging tests on the composite material, a polylactic acid matrix and plant fibers to obtain aging materials with different aging temperatures and aging times;
2) carrying out water absorption test on the aged material obtained in the step 1), and respectively obtaining the function of the water absorption of the plant fiber, the polylactic acid matrix and the composite material along with the aging time change at different aging temperatures: mf(t,T)，Mm(T, T) and Mi(t,T)；
3) Carrying out strength test on the aged material obtained in the step 1), wherein a dumbbell tensile test is carried out on the polylactic acid matrix, a single fiber tensile test is carried out on the plant fiber, a single fiber pulling-out test is carried out on the composite material, and functions of the strength of the polylactic acid matrix, the plant fiber and the composite material changing along with the aging time at different temperatures are respectively obtained: sm(t,T)，Sf(T, T) and Si(t,T)；
4) Respectively establishing a relation function between the strength of each component of the polylactic acid matrix, the plant fiber and the composite material and the water absorption rate and the temperature; the strength absorption following of the plant fiber, the polylactic acid matrix and the fiber-matrix interface are respectively obtained through fitting dataWater rate and aging temperature change function: sf(M,T)，Sm(M, T) and Ti(M,T)；
5) Establishing a composite material mesoscopic RVE model: sampling from an unaged plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material, and carrying out X-ray tomography to obtain a tomography gray image containing material microstructure information; carrying out three-dimensional visual analysis on the tomogram, establishing a three-dimensional view, completing geometric simplified cleaning of the fiber and the polylactic acid matrix, introducing the reconstructed geometry into finite element analysis software, and establishing a mesoscopic RVE model of the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material;
6) environmental degradation factor definition and introduction: compiling constitutive relation of plant fiber, polylactic acid matrix and composite material interface simulation units, and performing attribute definition on the composite material mesoscopic RVE model; constructing an environment degradation factor (D) function of each component based on the intensity variation function,
wherein S (M ', T') is the strength at a temperature T 'and a hygroscopicity M', and S (M)0,T0) Is the initial strength of the material; the degradation factor function D of the fiber can be obtained from the above formulaf(M, T), degradation factor function D of the polylactic acid matrixm(M, T) and degradation factor function D of the fiber-matrix interface in the compositei(M,T)；
7) Calculating the elastic property of the composite material: introducing a degradation factor, and correcting the elastic performance parameters of each component; under the periodic boundary condition, applying linear irrelevant displacement load to the RVE model and carrying out simulation to obtain the elastic properties of the macroscopic composite material with different temperatures and water absorption rates;
8) calculating the failure strength of the composite material: respectively defining corresponding initial failure criteria and damage extension criteria aiming at three components of plant fibers, a polylactic acid matrix and a composite material interface in a mesoscopic model, introducing a degradation factor, correcting failure parameters, and carrying out numerical simulation to obtain macroscopic composite material failure strengths at different water absorption rates and temperatures;
9) prediction of the humid heat aging performance of the macroscopic composite material: establishing a macroscopic model of a composite material tensile and three-point bending test piece, substituting a macroscopic elasticity performance function and a failure strength function of the composite material which are obtained based on mesoscopic RVE model simulation and depend on water absorption and temperature change into the macroscopic model, setting a damp and hot environment for finite element analysis, and predicting the mechanical properties of the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material with different aging degrees under damp and hot aging conditions.
2. The plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material moisture-heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method based on mesoscopic modeling is characterized in that in the step 1), the plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material is prepared from jute fibers and polylactic acid particles through injection molding.
3. The plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material wet heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method based on mesoscopic modeling is characterized in that in the step 5), the finite element software is Abaqus software; the three-dimensional visualization analysis employs Avizo9.0 software.
4. The plant fiber/polylactic acid composite material wet heat aging performance multi-scale prediction method based on mesoscopic modeling according to claim 1, wherein in the step 8), the failure criterion of the fiber adopts a maximum stress criterion; the failure criterion of the polylactic acid matrix adopts a generalized Mises failure criterion; the secondary stress criterion is applied to the fiber-matrix interface in the composite.
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