CN114415511A - Intelligent control method for steam temperature of thermal power generation steam turbine - Google Patents
Intelligent control method for steam temperature of thermal power generation steam turbine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent control method for steam temperature of a thermal power generation steam turbine, which comprises the following steps: A. set domain TSteam generating device＝{T0，T1，T2，…，TnIs blurred to [ T }min，Tll，Tl，Tset，Th，Thh，Tmax]A plurality of subsets of [ i.e. [ T ]min，Tll]、[Tll，Tl]、[Tl，Tset]、[Tset，Th]、[Th，Thh]、[Thh，Tmax](ii) a B. Determining a membership function of an output variable OP of the corresponding steam temperature; C. and (3) designing a three-dimensional Fuzzy controller by taking the steam temperature as the whole identified data, and combining the three-dimensional Fuzzy controller with the traditional PID regulation to form the intelligent control of the steam temperature of the Fuzzy-PID steam turbine. The invention can replace manual remote control operationThe steam temperature of the thermal power turbine is intelligently controlled by adjusting the temperature and water amount of the over-control desuperheater, and the steam temperature control system has the characteristic of simulating partial intelligence of a human so as to overcome a large-delay dynamic process with long lag time and slow dynamic response time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal power turbines, in particular to an intelligent control method for steam temperature of a thermal power turbine.
Background
The thermal power generation circulating fluidized bed boiler is fluidized and combusted in the boiler by specific particle size distribution and uniform particle size of solid fuel (coal) and desulfurizer (limestone), solid material (fly ash) taken away by flue gas is collected in a cyclone (gas-solid) separation device and is returned to a hearth through a material returning device for circulating and combusting again, and the solid material is fully combusted and heated to perform heat exchange with pure water in a water wall and a steam pocket (steam-water separator) to generate saturated steam.
The saturated steam continuously absorbs heat in the superheater and is changed into superheated steam (constant pressure heat absorption), the superheated steam is sent into the steam turbine to perform adiabatic expansion, and the steam turbine is rushed to rotate to drive the generator to generate power. The control error of the steam temperature entering the steam turbine is not more than +/-5 ℃, so that the steam turbine is safe and stable to operate and the service life is prolonged.
At present, in thermal power boilers in China, attemperators are adopted to adjust the amount of attemperation water to control the temperature of steam entering a steam turbine, manual operation is basically carried out through manual remote control, the labor intensity is high, the operation is not timely, the main steam pressure and the temperature deviate from optimal control parameters, and the safe and stable operation and the service life of the steam turbine are directly influenced.
Although there is data introduction to implement automatic control of steam temperature of a steam turbine, the adopted control method combines PID into a single loop, feedforward-feedback, cascade regulation and other control technologies (graduation articles and professional journals), in practical implementation, the larger the deviation of PID regulation on controlled parameters is, the stronger the PI function is, the D function only plays a role in deviation change rate, and for a process with large delay and overlong time constant, the poor quality of steam temperature control is completed only by classical and modern control theories, and the automatic control of a large-lag system is difficult to overcome.
According to the current situation of a steam temperature adjusting process of a thermal power generation boiler at present, actual dynamic testing and data analysis are carried out through influences on a desuperheater operation principle and various factors in the adjusting process, and the existing operation method and control scheme assume that steam temperature deviation cannot be eliminated in time, so that unstable factors and economic losses are brought to the operation of a steam turbine.
Saturated steam separated from a boiler drum is continuously heated by a two-section superheater (a superheater and a reheater), so that the steam temperature meets the working condition requirement, and then a steam turbine is pushed to work. The steam turbine is a rotary machine which takes steam as a working medium to convert the energy of the steam into mechanical work, the steam with certain pressure and temperature enters the steam turbine, flows through a nozzle and expands in the nozzle, the high-speed flowing steam flows through a moving blade on a steam turbine rotor to do work, and the moving blade drives the steam turbine rotor to uniformly rotate at a certain speed. The turbine is turned (heat energy is converted into mechanical energy), and the turbine drives the generator to generate electricity (mechanical energy is converted into electric energy).
In the starting process of the steam turbine, the main steam pressure is higher, and under the condition of keeping the vacuum of the condenser unchanged, the steam flow of the steam turbine is not required to be very large, the main (re) steam pressure is higher, the steam-saving opening is too small, the steam turbine is not favorably warmed up, and the starting time is prolonged; the main steam pressure is low, under the condition that the vacuum of the condenser is unchanged, the opening degree of the adjusting throttle is increased for maintaining the load of the unit, the enthalpy drop of the steam in the steam turbine can reduce the specific volume of the steam and can increase, and the load of the unit can be reduced when the pressure is reduced to a certain value, so that the economic operation of the unit is not facilitated.
The influence of the temperature change of the main steam on the unit is larger than that of the main steam, so that the temperature change of the main steam is well controlled in the operation process, and the main steam temperature control method is one of important indexes for safe and stable operation of the steam turbine.
Although the increase of the steam temperature is beneficial to reducing the heat consumption of the unit, the relative internal efficiency of the steam turbine and the thermal cycle of the thermodynamic system are improved, the damage to the unit is more serious when the steam temperature exceeds the rated temperature. The steam temperature is too high, and the expansion is uneven in the process of rushing to rotate, so that the vibration of the unit is increased, and if the steam temperature cannot be timely reduced, the unit is vibrated too much and jumps. After the steam temperature rises, the mechanical strength of high-temperature metals such as pipelines, main valves, adjusting valves, cylinders, adjusting-level steam inlets and the like is reduced, so that the damage and the service life of each part of equipment are shortened, and if the temperature change amplitude is too large and the times are frequent, each metal part can cause fatigue damage due to the change of thermal stress, so that crack damage is generated.
When the steam temperature is too low, not only the economical efficiency of the unit is influenced, but also great hidden danger is caused to the stable and safe operation of the unit. The steam temperature reduces, under the unchangeable condition of unit vacuum, steam pressure, will maintain the load of unit, adjusts the steam valve and can grow, has increased the steam flow of unit, may cause the regulation level blade overload, is unfavorable for the safety and stability operation of unit. Meanwhile, under the working condition that the steam pressure and the vacuum are not changed, the steam humidity of the last stage blade can be increased, so that the steam loss of the last stage blade is increased, the water drop erosion of the last stages of moving blades is aggravated, and the service life of the blade is shortened. When the temperature of the main steam is sharply reduced and reaches the deviation of more than 50 ℃, the possibility of water impact is caused, the steam temperature is recovered as soon as possible, and if the steam temperature is continuously reduced, the unit is braked and stopped to ensure the safety of the unit.
The purpose of controlling the steam temperature is achieved by adjusting the amount of the desuperheater water through the desuperheater, and the process flow diagram of the desuperheater is shown in figure 1.
In the steam temperature adjusting process of thermal power generation, the process requires that the steam temperature at the inlet of a steam turbine generator is adjusted by temperature reduction water. The problems that exist are that: firstly, the steam temperature at the outlet of a reheater is ensured by adjusting the adding amount of desuperheater of the desuperheater, and the lag time is long; secondly, the action of the electric adjusting door is slow, and the dynamic response time is long.
It can be seen that the factors influencing the regulation of the steam inlet (steam) temperature of the steam turbine are mainly factors that the process lag time is long except for uncertain external interference, and the PID regulation cannot well solve the process control problem with large time lag. Therefore, the steam inlet (steam) temperature of the steam turbine can be effectively adjusted, and the problem to be solved by the technical staff at the present stage is still needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent control method for the steam temperature of a thermal power generation steam turbine, which can effectively adjust the steam temperature of the steam turbine.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
The intelligent control method for the steam temperature of the thermal power generation steam turbine comprises the following steps:
A. set domain TSteam generating device＝{T0，T1，T2，…，TnIs blurred to [ T }min，Tll，Tl，Tset，Th，Thh，Tmax]A plurality of subsets of [ i.e. [ T ]min，Tll]、[Tll，Tl]、[Tl，Tset]、[Tset，Th]、[Th，Thh]、[Thh，Tmax]；
B. Determining a membership function of an output variable OP of the corresponding steam temperature;
C. and (3) designing a three-dimensional Fuzzy controller by taking the steam temperature as the whole identified data, and combining the three-dimensional Fuzzy controller with the traditional PID regulation to form the intelligent control of the steam temperature of the Fuzzy-PID steam turbine.
Preferably, the membership functions are set as u1, u2, u3 and u4, and fuzzy control strategies are formulated.
Preferably, the fuzzy control strategy comprises a logical inference condition and a control strategy rule.
Preferably, the logical inference condition is:
Tsteam generating device∈[Tl，Tset]or[Tset，Th]THEN strategy 1;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 4;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 4;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 5;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 6;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 8;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 7;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin,Tll]And is
and
The THEN strategy 9;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin,Tll]And is
and
The THEN strategy 10;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin,Tll]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin,Tll]And is
and
The THEN strategy 2.
Preferably, the control policy rule is:
strategy 1: PID adjustment;
strategy 2: OP ═ OP;
strategy 3: OP + OP × u 1;
strategy 4: OP + OP × u 2;
strategy 5: OP-OP × u 1;
strategy 6: OP-OP × u 2;
strategy 7: OP + OP × u 3;
the strategy is as follows: OP + OP × u 4;
strategy 9: OP-OP × u 3;
strategy 10: OP-OP × u 4.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the technical progress of the invention is as follows.
The invention combines modern control theory and fuzzy control, has the capability of successive approximation to any nonlinear function, can replace manual remote control operation, realizes intelligent control on the steam temperature of the thermal power turbine by controlling the temperature reduction water quantity regulation of a temperature reducer, is inferred by a fuzzy controller, has the characteristic of simulating partial intelligence of a human, overcomes the large-delay dynamic process with long lag time and slow dynamic response time, does not depend on a control method of a model, can stabilize the safe and stable operation of a turbine generator system, and effectively reduces the operation production cost of equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a desuperheater;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the steam temperature domain of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a Fuzzy-PID control system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a three-dimensional fuzzy control system in the steam temperature theory domain according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
An intelligent control method for steam temperature of a thermal power generation steam turbine comprises the following steps:
A. set domain TSteam generating device＝{T0，T1，T2，…，TnIs blurred to [ T }min，Tll，Tl，Tset，Th，Thh，Tmax]A plurality of subsets of [ i.e. [ T ]min，Tll]、[Tll，Tl]、[Tl，Tset]、[Tset，Th]、[Th，Thh]、[Thh，Tmax]；
B. Determining a membership function of an output variable OP of the corresponding steam temperature;
C. and (3) designing a three-dimensional Fuzzy controller by taking the steam temperature as the whole identified data, and combining the three-dimensional Fuzzy controller with the traditional PID regulation to form the intelligent control of the steam temperature of the Fuzzy-PID steam turbine.
In the steam temperature theory domain of step a, the divided six subsets serve as one of logical inference conditions, and the graph thereof is shown in fig. 2.
And determining a membership function of the corresponding output variable OP of the steam temperature, namely the membership function is to be adapted to the process industrial process. The same process, layout position, equipment height, pipeline diameter, flow characteristics of an actuator (regulating valve) and other factors directly influence the algorithm for determining the membership function.
The membership functions of the output variable OP of the steam temperature are u1, u2, u3 and u4, and the fuzzy control strategy is:
logical inference conditions
TSteam generating device∈[Tl，Tset]or[Tset，Th]THEN strategy 1;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 4;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 4;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 5;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 6;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 8;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 7;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin，Tll]And is
and
The THEN strategy 9;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin，Tll]And is
and
The THEN strategy 10;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin，Tll]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin，Tll]And is
and
The THEN strategy 2.
Control policy rules
Strategy 1: PID adjustment;
strategy 2: OP ═ OP;
strategy 3: OP + OP × u 1;
strategy 4: OP + OP × u 2;
strategy 5: OP-OP × u 1;
strategy 6: OP-OP × u 2;
strategy 7: OP + OP × u 3;
the strategy is as follows: OP + OP × u 4;
strategy 9: OP-OP × u 3;
strategy 10: OP-OP × u 4.
From the above, the steam temperature is [ T ]l，Tset]、[Tset，Th]In the two subsets, the traditional linear PID regulation is adopted; in [ T ]ll，Tl]、[Th，Thh]In the two subsets, fuzzy control is adopted, and u1 and u2 control rules are implemented according to the error change rate and the error change rate; in [ T ]min，Tll]、[Thh，Tmax]In both subsets, the u3 and u4 control rules are implemented using fuzzy control based on the error rate of change and the error rate of change.
In the "control strategy rule", the membership function is set to equal percentage, and when the output variable OP is 60%, u1 is set to 0.05%, after increasing the output variable OP is 60+60 × 0.05-63%, and after decreasing the output variable OP is 60-60 × 0.05-57%. The greater the OP value, the greater the increment or decrement value, and the smaller the OP value, the smaller the increment or decrement value. If the value is the equal increment or decrement rule, the increment or decrement value is a fixed value. The flow characteristics of the regulating valve may be: the linear characteristic, the quick opening characteristic, the logarithmic characteristic, the parabolic characteristic and the like are determined by the original process design. And determining different membership functions according to different flow characteristics.
As shown in fig. 3, it is a block diagram of Fuzzy-PID control system, which is formed by combining three-dimensional Fuzzy controller and PID regulation.
The three-dimensional fuzzy controller is based on the two-dimensional fuzzy controller, and the rate of change of the third input variable, namely the error, is increased. In the structural block diagram of the three-dimensional fuzzy control system in the steam temperature theory domain, as shown in fig. 4, the three-dimensional fuzzy controller effectively solves the contradiction between the quick response and the stability of the traditional two-dimensional fuzzy controller, thereby effectively solving the contradiction between the nonlinearity, the uncertainty, the large delay, the quick response and the stability of the desuperheater process.
When the invention is used, original control equipment (DCS, PLC and other control systems) of a client (meeting application requirements) can be utilized in the operation of thermal steam turbine power generation, the control equipment can be added again, and the programming configuration is carried out on a control software platform (with a numerical calculation method) according to the invention in the figure 4; the production process dynamic response test determines related data, and controls the downloading and debugging (open loop simulation) of programming configuration software to achieve the expected effect; and adjusting and setting process parameters and control parameters, performing closed-loop input and parameter setting, and then inputting to normal operation after meeting the process and control requirements.
The invention combines modern control theory and fuzzy control, has the capability of successive approximation to any nonlinear function, and realizes intelligent control of steam temperature of the thermal power turbine. The fuzzy controller is used for reasoning, has the characteristic of simulating partial intelligence of a human, overcomes the large-delay dynamic process with long lag time and slow dynamic response time, and is independent of a control method of a model.
Claims (5)
1. The intelligent control method for the steam temperature of the thermal power generation steam turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. set domain TSteam generating device＝{T0，T1，T2，…，TnIs blurred to [ T }min，Tll，Tl，Tset，Th，Thh，Tmax]A plurality of subsets of [ i.e. [ T ]min，Tll]、[Tll，Tl]、[Tl，Tset]、[Tset，Th]、[Th，Thh]、[Thh，Tmax]；
B. Determining a membership function of an output variable OP of the corresponding steam temperature;
C. and (3) designing a three-dimensional Fuzzy controller by taking the steam temperature as the whole identified data, and combining the three-dimensional Fuzzy controller with the traditional PID regulation to form the intelligent control of the steam temperature of the Fuzzy-PID steam turbine.
2. The intelligent control method for the steam temperature of the thermal power generation steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the membership functions are set as u1, u2, u3 and u4, and fuzzy control strategies are formulated.
3. The intelligent control method for steam temperature of a thermal power steam turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the fuzzy control strategy comprises a logical inference condition and a control strategy rule.
4. The intelligent control method for steam temperature of a thermal power steam turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the logical reasoning conditions are as follows:
Tsteam generating device∈[Tl，Tset]or[Tset，Th]THEN strategy 1;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 4;
Tsteam generating device∈[Th，Thh]And is
and
THEN strategy 4;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 5;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 6;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tll，Tl]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 8;
Tsteam generating device∈[Thh，Tmax]And is
and
THEN strategy 7;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin,Tll]And is
and
The THEN strategy 9;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin,Tll]And is
and
The THEN strategy 10;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin,Tll]And is
and
THEN strategy 2;
Tsteam generating device∈[Tmin,Tll]And is
and
The THEN strategy 2.
5. The intelligent control method for steam temperature of a thermal power steam turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that: the control strategy rules are as follows:
strategy 1: PID adjustment;
strategy 2: OP ═ OP;
strategy 3: OP + OP × u 1;
strategy 4: OP + OP × u 2;
strategy 5: OP-OP × u 1;
strategy 6: OP-OP × u 2;
strategy 7: OP + OP × u 3;
the strategy is as follows: OP + OP × u 4;
strategy 9: OP-OP × u 3;
strategy 10: OP-OP × u 4.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101261007A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2008-09-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Once-through steam generator steam pressure fuzzy -PID control apparatus and control method |
| JP2015007380A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2015-01-15 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Start control device of steam turbine plant |
| CN112212322A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-12 | 河北国超热力工程有限公司 | Intelligent control method for optimizing combustion of thermodynamic circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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