CN114414045A - Calibration method of solar radiometer - Google Patents

Calibration method of solar radiometer Download PDF

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CN114414045A
CN114414045A CN202210078480.8A CN202210078480A CN114414045A CN 114414045 A CN114414045 A CN 114414045A CN 202210078480 A CN202210078480 A CN 202210078480A CN 114414045 A CN114414045 A CN 114414045A
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radiation
solar
values
calibration
data
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CN114414045B (en
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白建辉
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Institute of Atmospheric Physics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/56Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using radiation pressure or radiometer effect
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

The invention discloses a calibration method of a solar radiometer, and relates to the technical field of calibration methods. The invention comprises the following steps: BVOCs data are obtained and are subjected to cyclic calculation to generate comparison data; acquiring radiation data, and screening the radiation data by taking the comparison data as a standard; acquiring the screened radiation data, and calculating various numerical values in the radiation data; comparing the calculated values; and determining a calibration result. The calibration work can be carried out in the on-site daily measurement of the station, and the calibration instrument and the matched equipment thereof, the radiation meter for the station work, manpower and material resources and the transportation cost of the radiation meter can be saved though depending on the sunny condition; the radiation standard used for calibration is the radiation value of the atmospheric cap, and the value is relatively stable and can be timely obtained by the methods of literature, international satellite and airplane measurement and the like; the calibration work can be carried out without depending on the standard radiation table identified by the industry and going to the specified department of the country.

Description

Calibration method of solar radiometer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of calibration methods, and particularly relates to a calibration method of a solar radiometer.
Background
At present, the calibration work of the domestic radiometer needs to send the radiometer used by the station to a national appointed department, and the radiometer is measured and compared with a national approved standard table which accords with international and domestic solar radiation standards under clear and cloudless conditions. And determining a new calibration value of the radiation meter to be calibrated according to the comparison result, and completing the calibration work. The calibrated radiometer is transported back to the station again for carrying out the subsequent measurement work; however, the radiometer calibration work in the prior art is influenced by weather more seriously, the labor cost is higher, and the calibration work is too dependent on the standard radiometer determined by the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calibration method of a solar radiometer, which solves the technical problems that the radiometer calibration work in the prior art is seriously influenced by weather, has high labor cost and excessively depends on standard radiometers determined by the industry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a calibration method of a solar radiometer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: BVOCs data are obtained and are subjected to cyclic calculation to generate comparison data;
step two: acquiring radiation data, and screening the radiation data by taking the comparison data as a standard;
step three: acquiring the screened radiation data, and calculating various numerical values in the radiation data;
step four: comparing the calculated values;
step five: and determining a calibration result.
Optionally, the values in the calculated radiation data include absorption and scattering values related to solar radiation transmission, total-layer atmospheric absorption solar radiation flux density values, isoprene values, and monoterpene values;
the calculation formula of the solar radiation transmission absorption value is (e)-kwm):e-kwm=1-ΔSI0cosZ;
Sun constant of I0=1367W·m-2Wherein Z is the solar zenith angle;
the whole-layer atmosphere absorbs the solar radiation flux with the density value Delta S which is 0.172(mW multiplied by 0.1 multiplied by 30)0.303(cal·cm-2·min-1,1cal·cm-2·min-1=696.7W·m-2) Wherein k is the water vapor absorption coefficient (m)-1) M is the mass of the atmosphere, W is the total atmospheric water vapor content (W ═ 0.21E), and E is the ground water vapor pressure (hPa);
the calculation formula of the solar radiation transmission scattering numerical value is (e)-S/Q):e-S/QWherein S, Q are scattering respectivelyRadiation and total radiation (W.m)-2);
The calculation formula of the isoprene number and the monoterpene number is (e)-k1Etm):e-k1EtmWherein k is1Is the attenuation coefficient (tentatively 1) and E is the emission flux (mg. m) of isoprene or monoterpene-2·h-1) (ii) a t is the sampling time (30 min);
establishing a relation between total radiation and absorption terms, scattering terms, isoprene or monoterpene terms according to the principle of energy balance, wherein the relation is Q ═ A1e-kwm+A2e-S/Q+A3e-k1Etm+A0)cosZ。
Optionally, when comparing the calculated values, if the deviation between the calculated values and the budget values is large, the above steps are executed again, and if the deviation between the calculated values and the budget values is less than 15%, a calibration result is generated.
Optionally, before comparing the calculated values, a calculation model is established to calculate radiation values of total radiation, ultraviolet, visible light, PAR, near infrared and direct radiation, and the calculated values are compared with solar radiation values corresponding to the ground and the atmospheric top to evaluate the calculation effect and calibration quality of the calculation model.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the calibration work can be carried out in the on-site daily measurement of the station, and the calibration instrument and the matched equipment thereof, the radiation meter for the station work, manpower and material resources and the transportation cost of the radiation meter can be saved though depending on the sunny condition; the radiation standard used for calibration is the radiation value of the atmospheric cap, and the value is relatively stable and can be timely obtained by the methods of literature, international satellite and airplane measurement and the like; the calibration work can be carried out without depending on the standard radiation table identified by the industry and going to the specified department of the country.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a calibration flowchart according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a calibration method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
To maintain the following description of the embodiments of the present invention clear and concise, a detailed description of known functions and known components of the invention have been omitted.
Referring to fig. 1-2, in the present embodiment, a method for calibrating a solar radiation meter is provided, which includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring BVOCs data, performing cyclic calculation on the BVOCs data to generate comparison data, wherein the acquired BVOCs emission flux selects data within 2 times of standard deviation, and after each cyclic calculation, determining a new standard deviation according to newly generated data for next data screening and removing;
step two: acquiring radiation data, and screening the radiation data by taking the comparison data as a standard, wherein the radiation data is primarily selected;
step three: acquiring screened radiation data, and calculating various numerical values in the radiation data, wherein the various numerical values in the radiation data comprise absorption numerical values and scattering numerical values related to solar radiation transmission, whole-layer atmospheric absorption solar radiation flux density numerical values, isoprene numerical values and monoterpene numerical values;
step four: comparing the calculated values, wherein the solar radiation values of all wave bands (total radiation, ultraviolet, visible light, PAR, near infrared, direct radiation and the like) are calculated by utilizing the established calculation model, the calculated values are compared with the solar radiation values corresponding to the ground and the atmosphere top, the calculation effect and the calibration quality of the calculation model are evaluated, and related parameters comprise the calculated values, the measured values and the deviation of the calculated values and the measured values; before comparing the calculated values, establishing a calculation model to calculate the radiation values of total radiation, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, PAR (parabolic aluminum Reflector), near infrared radiation and direct radiation, comparing the calculated values with the solar radiation values corresponding to the ground and the atmospheric top, and evaluating the calculation effect and the calibration quality of the calculation model; calculating absorption, scattering and other items related to solar radiation transmission for screened data of solar radiation, atmospheric column substance content (S/Q), temperature and humidity, ground water vapor pressure, BVOCs emission flux and the like, searching and determining a calculation model of each wave band based on the principle of energy balance of each wave band of solar radiation, and determining coefficients and constants of the calculation model and calibration coefficients;
step five: determining a calibration result, wherein the calibration result needs to be cycled and calculated for multiple times until a reasonable and minimum calculated deviation (absolute deviation, relative deviation, root mean square, standard deviation and the like), a relatively stable coefficient sum (3 factors are A)1+A2+A3+|A0Factor 2 is A1+A2+|A0I)); coefficient A1、A2、A3Respectively expressing the energy of the atmosphere cap related to absorption substances, scattering substances, isoprene/monoterpene and the like in the atmosphere, A0Expressing the solar radiation reflected by the atmospheric dome.
The determined coefficients ultimately need to satisfy the conditions: coefficient A in 3-factor calibration method1、A2、A3、A0Positive, negative values, respectively; coefficient A in a 2-factor calibration method1、A2、A0Positive, negative values, respectively.
The calibration work can be carried out in the on-site daily measurement of the station, and the calibration instrument and the matched equipment thereof, the radiation meter for the station work, manpower and material resources and the transportation cost of the radiation meter can be saved though depending on the sunny condition; the radiation standard used for calibration is the radiation value of the atmospheric cap, and the value is relatively stable and can be timely obtained by the methods of literature, international satellite and airplane measurement and the like; the calibration work can be carried out without depending on the standard radiation table identified by the industry and going to the specified department of the country.
Data such as BVOCs, radiation and the like which participate in the development and the establishment of the calculation and calculation model are all measured data under all (or various) weather conditions; the calibration work can be carried out in the daily measurement work of the station, the radiometer to be calibrated does not need to be transported to a national appointed department to carry out the calibration work, another set of replacing instrument does not need to be used for replacing the radiometer to be calibrated, and the measurement work interruption caused by the replacement of the instrument is avoided; radiation values of the atmosphere cap, e.g. solar constant 1367 + -7 W.m-2The method is recommended to be used by the world weather organization (WMO) in 1981 and is widely used by related industries. Currently, with the rapid development of international measurement technology, solar constants and other corresponding values of various wave bands can be measured on satellites, airplanes. These data are available from papers published in international publications in time and publicly; namely, the radiation standard used for calibration work is the radiation value at the atmospheric top and the solar constant (1367 W.m)-2) And the solar radiation values of corresponding various wave bands can be obtained by inquiring in research papers and books published in publications at home and abroad.
The calculation formula of the solar radiation transmission absorption value of the embodiment is (e)-kwm):e-k1Etm=1-ΔSI0cosZ;
Sun constant of I0=1367W·m-2Wherein Z is the solar zenith angle;
the whole-layer atmosphere absorbs the solar radiation flux with the density value Delta S which is 0.172(mW multiplied by 0.1 multiplied by 30)0.303(cal·cm-2·min-1,1cal·cm-2·min-1=696.7W·m-2) Wherein k is the water vapor absorption coefficient (m)-1) M is the mass of the atmosphere, W is the total atmospheric water vapor content (W ═ 0.21E), and E is the ground water vapor pressure (hPa);
the calculation formula of the solar radiation transmission scattering numerical value is (e)-S/Q):e-S/QWherein S, Q are scattered radiation respectivelySum total radiation (W.m)-2);
The calculation formula of the isoprene number and the monoterpene number is (e)-k1Etm):e-k1EtmWherein k is1Is the attenuation coefficient (tentatively 1) and E is the emission flux (mg. m) of isoprene or monoterpene-2·h-1) (ii) a t is the sampling time (30 min);
establishing a relation between total radiation and absorption terms, scattering terms, isoprene or monoterpene terms according to the principle of energy balance, wherein the relation is Q ═ A1e-kwm+A2e-S/Q+A3e-k1Etm+A0)cosZ。
Specifically, in the above calculation formula: z is the zenith angle of the sun, and k is the water vapor absorption coefficient (m)-1) M is the mass of the atmosphere, W is the total atmospheric moisture content (W ═ 0.21E), E is the ground water vapor pressure (hPa), S, Q are the scattered radiation and the total radiation (W · m), respectively-2),k1Is the attenuation coefficient (tentatively 1) and E is the emission flux (mg. m) of isoprene or monoterpene-2·h-1) And t is the sampling time (30 min).
In the embodiment, when comparing the calculated values, if the deviation between the calculated values and the budget values is large, the above steps are executed again, and if the deviation between the calculated values and the budget values is less than 15%, the calibration result is generated.
Specific objects of the invention: a new method for calibrating various radiation meters used by domestic and international radiation and meteorological stations is proposed for the first time. These radiation meters include ultraviolet, visible, PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), near infrared, direct radiation, total radiation meter.
The technical problem solved is as follows: the method solves the problem of dependence on the radiometers with different radiation grade standards in the international and domestic fields, and saves manpower, material resources and transportation cost used in the prior general calibration method. The calibration work can be carried out at the station (namely, the daily observation work is not influenced), and the observation and calibration work efficiency of the station is improved (for example, a set of measuring radiation meter is saved, steps and operation flows of transmitting the solar radiation standard from the world to the country are omitted, and the like). The calibration quality of the new calibration method can be verified and verified by measurements of the atmospheric dome, which can be acquired and timely updated from literature and internationally recognized measurements of satellites and airplanes, etc.
The new calibration method of various radiometers (ultraviolet, visible light, near infrared, direct radiation, total radiation) in this embodiment, with the atmospheric top solar radiation measurement values (including ultraviolet, visible light, near infrared, total radiation) as the standard, can be performed at the local station, using the solar radiation, meteorological parameters, volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emission flux data measured by the station, continuously searching and determining the optimal energy action state expressing the physicochemical biological process and the interaction thereof according to the internal rules and variation characteristics of each parameter emitted by the solar radiation, meteorological parameters, BVOCs, and the principles of coordination, unification, harmony and the like among them, and further determining the values and value ranges of the solar radiation, the solar altitude (h), the atmospheric column substance content (S/Q), the meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, ground water vapor pressure), BVOCs emission flux, and the like, finally determining each coefficient and calibration coefficient in the calculation method;
in the process of screening and eliminating the various data, the data are required to be processed one by one, sequentially and circularly for many times.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting data within 2 times of standard deviation for BVOCs emission flux; after each cycle of calculation, determining a new standard deviation according to newly generated data for next data screening and elimination;
2) the radiation data is initially selected, and the specific method needs to refer to the internal relation (such as a ratio, a sum and difference relation and the like) between total radiation and each radiation quantity of direct radiation and scattered radiation, for example, the total radiation measurement value should not exceed the solar constant, the total radiation should be equal to the direct radiation plus the scattered radiation, the scattered radiation/the total radiation should be less than 1 and the like;
3) calculating absorption, scattering and other items related to solar radiation transmission for screened data of solar radiation, atmospheric column substance content (S/Q), temperature and humidity, ground water vapor pressure, BVOCs emission flux and the like, searching and determining a calculation model of each wave band based on the principle of energy balance of each wave band of solar radiation, and determining coefficients and constants of the calculation model and calibration coefficients;
considering the factor 2 case, there are no isoprene and monoterpene terms.
When calibrating other radiation meters, the total radiation (270 + 3200nm) is changed into the radiation quantity to be calibrated, i.e. ultraviolet (270 + 400nm), visible light/PAR (400 + 700nm), near infrared (700 + 3200nm), direct radiation (270 + 3200 nm);
calculating the solar radiation values of all wave bands (total radiation, ultraviolet, visible light, PAR, near infrared and the like) by using the established calculation model, comparing the calculated values with the solar radiation values corresponding to the ground and the atmospheric top, and evaluating the calculation effect and the calibration quality of the calculation model, wherein the related parameters comprise calculated values, measured values, the deviation of the calculated values and the measured values and the like (such as average values, median, absolute deviation and intervals thereof, relative deviation and intervals thereof, root mean square and standard deviation and the like).
4) If the calculated deviation and the calibration coefficient do not achieve the expected effect, the process of 1-3 is repeated, the calculated relative deviation is less than 15%, and the calibration coefficient tends to be stable. And (4) further screening and eliminating various data along with the change of the data after each circulation. For a new round of screening and elimination criteria, new criteria will be adopted based on the new data (including mean, median, interval, standard deviation, etc.). Then, continuously comparing the calculated value of the solar radiation of each wave band with the solar radiation value corresponding to the ground and the atmospheric top, and evaluating the calculation effect and the calibration quality of the model again;
5) after multiple cycles and calculation, the reasonable and minimum calculated deviation (absolute deviation, relative deviation, root mean square, standard deviation and the like), and the relatively stable coefficient sum (3 factors are A)1+A2+A3+|A0Factor 2 is A1+A2+|A0|). Coefficient A1、A2、A3Respectively, expressing the energy of the atmospheric dome associated with absorbing species, scattering species, isoprene/monoterpenes, etc. in the atmosphere, and a0 expressing the solar radiation reflected by the atmospheric dome.
Determined coefficient is finallyThe conditions to be satisfied are: coefficient A in 3-factor calibration method1、A2、A3、A0Positive, negative values, respectively; coefficient A in a 2-factor calibration method1、A2、A0Positive, negative values, respectively.
Radiometer calibration coefficient: the sum of the coefficients/solar constant (or radiation value of atmospheric cap in other bands) corresponds to the total radiation meter and the radiation meters in other bands (i.e. total, ultraviolet, visible, PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), near infrared radiation, etc.), respectively.
The new calibration method is suitable for calibrating a radiometer: total, ultraviolet, visible, PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), near infrared, direct radiation.
The above embodiments may be combined with each other.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A calibration method of a solar radiometer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: BVOCs data are obtained and are subjected to cyclic calculation to generate comparison data;
step two: acquiring radiation data, and screening the radiation data by taking the comparison data as a standard;
step three: acquiring the screened radiation data, and calculating various numerical values in the radiation data;
step four: comparing the calculated values;
step five: and determining a calibration result.
2. A method of calibrating a solar radiometer according to claim 1, wherein the values in the radiation data are calculated to include absorption and scattering values related to solar radiation transmission, total atmospheric absorbed solar radiation flux density values, isoprene values and monoterpene values.
3. A method for calibrating a solar radiometer according to claim 2, wherein the calculation formula for the solar radiation transmission absorption value is (e)-kwm):e-kwm=1-ΔSI0cosZ。
4. A method of calibrating a solar radiometer as defined in claim 3, wherein the solar constant is I0=1367W·m-2Wherein Z is the solar zenith angle.
5. A method of calibrating a solar radiometer according to claim 4, wherein the total atmospheric absorption solar flux density is 0.172(mW x 0.1 x 30)0.303(cal·cm-2·min-1,1cal·cm-2·min-1=696.7W·m-2) Wherein k is the water vapor absorption coefficient (m)-1) M is the mass of the atmosphere, W is the total atmospheric moisture content (W ═ 0.21E), and E is the ground water vapor pressure (hPa).
6. A method for calibrating a solar radiometer as defined in claim 5, wherein the calculation formula for the transmission scattering value of solar radiation is (e)-S/Q):e-S/QWherein S, Q are respectively scattered radiation and total radiation (W.m)-2)。
7. A method for calibrating a solar radiometer as defined in claim 6, wherein the formula for calculating the isoprene number and the monoterpene number is (e)-k1Etm):e-k1EtmWherein k is1Is the attenuation coefficient (tentatively 1) and E is the emission flux (mg. m) of isoprene or monoterpene-2·h-1) (ii) a t is the sampling time (30 min).
8. A method of calibrating a solar radiometer according to claim 7, wherein the relationship between total radiation and absorption terms, scattering terms, isoprene or monoterpene terms is established according to the energy balance principle, where Q ═ A (A ═ A-1e-kwm+A2e-S/Q+A3e-k1Etm+A0)cosZ。
9. A calibration method for a solar radiometer according to claim 1, wherein when comparing the calculated values, if the calculated values have a large deviation from the budget values, the steps from the first step to the fourth step are executed again, and if the calculated values have a deviation of < 15% from the budget values, the calibration result is generated.
10. The method for calibrating a solar radiometer according to claim 1, wherein before comparing the calculated values, a calculation model is established, the radiation values of total radiation, ultraviolet, visible light, PAR, near infrared, and direct radiation are calculated, and the calculated values are compared with the solar radiation values corresponding to the ground and the atmospheric dome to evaluate the calculation effect and calibration quality of the calculation model.
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