CN114412446B - Oil well working condition diagnosis method under digital condition - Google Patents
Oil well working condition diagnosis method under digital condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN114412446B CN114412446B CN202111674156.4A CN202111674156A CN114412446B CN 114412446 B CN114412446 B CN 114412446B CN 202111674156 A CN202111674156 A CN 202111674156A CN 114412446 B CN114412446 B CN 114412446B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013473 artificial intelligence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/008—Monitoring of down-hole pump systems, e.g. for the detection of "pumped-off" conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for diagnosing working conditions of an oil well under a digital condition, and relates to the field of petroleum engineering. The method comprises the steps of function normalization, function cutting, cutting characteristic point extraction and working condition diagnosis, wherein the working diagram is cut into the working diagram for normalization and inclination correction, seven straight lines parallel to an x axis are used for cutting, then intersection point coordinates of each cutting straight line and the working diagram are obtained, the value selection range and the number of the cutting straight lines are properly adjusted according to specific conditions, working condition diagnosis is carried out, and intercept is defined. Through the steps of function normalization, function cutting, cutting feature point extraction, working condition diagnosis and the like, the accuracy of oil well working condition diagnosis is effectively improved, the running resources of the edge end of the oil well are reduced to be slightly cold, the running efficiency of the edge end program is improved, and meanwhile, the defect of an artificial intelligent algorithm in some unusual working condition diagnosis is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil extraction processes, in particular to a method for diagnosing working conditions of an oil well under a digital condition.
Background
The oil well working condition diagnosis technology based on the indicator diagram is one of core technologies for deepening application of the Internet of things in oil and gas production. The technology realizes the diagnosis of the oil well working condition based on the characteristics of the indicator diagram data, is the basis of the monitoring of the oil well working condition and the alarming and early warning, provides an important reference basis for the decision-making of measures related to the oil well production optimization, and has very important significance in the aspects of the oil field production fine management, the optimization of the production flow, the reduction of the production cost and the like.
The technology is mature in general at present, but there is still room for further improvement in certain fields. Such as the distinction between normal and tubing leaks, gap leaks, the accurate determination of pump valve leaks, and the lack of fluid supply and the lack of accuracy in distinguishing the effects thereof, with similar diagnostic features.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the oil well working condition diagnosis method under the digital condition, solves the problems that the oil well working condition diagnosis accuracy is poor and the artificial intelligence algorithm is insufficient in some unusual working condition diagnosis.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for diagnosing the working condition of an oil well under the digital condition is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, normalizing a work diagram: testing the condition of the oil pump working underground by a power meter, and constructing a graph according to the relation between the suspension point load and the suspension point displacement;
S2, cutting the work diagram normalized in the step S1 and carrying out inclination correction, cutting by using seven straight lines parallel to an x axis, wherein the cutting straight lines are L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7 respectively, then solving the intersection point coordinates of each cutting straight line and the work diagram, and properly adjusting the value selection range and the number of the cutting straight lines according to specific conditions;
S3, extracting cutting characteristic points, namely extracting intersection points and cutting characteristic parameters of the normalized and inclination-corrected work patterns in the steps L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7 and S1 in the step S2, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
s31, calculating intersection points of the two types;
S32, processing cutting characteristic parameters;
s4, working condition diagnosis, namely firstly defining the intercept of two points extracted in the step S3, wherein the definition is as follows: when one straight line and the work diagram (closed curve) have only two intersection points, the intercept is b, b is the absolute value of the difference between the two intersection points, the intercept of L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 is respectively b2, b3, b4, b5 and b6, and then the working state of the oil well pump under the well is judged according to the characteristic points extracted in the step S3 and the intercept between the two points.
Preferably, in the step S31, the specific method for calculating the intersection point of the two types includes the following steps:
S311, directly taking the point that the y value is equal to the numerical value of the cutting straight line;
S312, performing interpolation calculation by taking two adjacent points of which the y-axis coordinates can comprise the cutting straight line by using a linear interpolation method, and taking the interpolation point as an intersection point.
Preferably, in the step S31, the specific operation steps of the processing the cutting characteristic parameters are as follows:
S321, the upper and lower lines L1 and L7 have only one intersection point with the work diagram in theory; l1, y=0, and the intersection point position of the two valves and the work diagram is divided into a left area, a right area and a middle area, so that different working conditions are judged, wherein the working conditions mainly comprise a pump under bump, liquid impact, fixed valve leakage, double valve leakage and thick oil working conditions; l7, y=1, and the intersection point position of the hydraulic pump and the work diagram is divided into a left area, a right area and a middle area, and different working conditions are judged, wherein the working conditions mainly comprise pump collision, sand discharge, traveling valve leakage, double-valve leakage and thick oil working conditions;
S322, diagnosing the conditions of pump collision, sand, wax and scale blocking through the positions of the intersection points of the upper and lower eccentric lines L2 and L6 and the work diagram and the number of the intersection points; the intersection point position of the L2, y=0.05 and the closed curve of the work diagram is mainly used for judging the working conditions of the pump under collision and liquid collision; the intersection point position of the closed curve of the y=0.95 and the work diagram is mainly used for judging the working conditions of the pump collision and the liquid impact, and the intersection point data and the relative position are mainly used for judging the working conditions of sand, wax and scale;
S323, judging and more accurately distinguishing the influences of insufficient liquid supply and gas and judging the abnormality of the work diagram through the positions and the number of the intersections of the three central lines L3, L4 and L5 and the work diagram; the intersection point position of the closed curve of the liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram are mainly used for judging the influence of the insufficient liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram; the intersection point position of the closed curve of the liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram are mainly used for judging the influence of the insufficient liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram; the intersection point position of the closed curve of L5 and y=0.75 and the work diagram is mainly used for judging the influence of insufficient liquid supply and gas and the abnormal work diagram;
s324, oblique work pattern processing
When the pumping unit is produced with relatively large stroke frequency, the work diagram can be inclined rightwards to a certain extent, the inclined work diagram needs to be corrected necessarily, the diagnosis accuracy of a tangent method can be ensured, and the inclined work diagram is identified by utilizing tangent characteristics.
Preferably, in the step S324, the specific method for processing the oblique work pattern is as follows:
(1) The method comprises the steps of identifying and correcting a similar parallelogram inclination diagram, namely judging the inclined parallelogram diagram in a square surrounded by a normalized diagram, an x axis, a y axis and an x=1, y=1, wherein A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0), a is greater than 0.3, C is less than 0.7, when a line segment AB-line segment CD is less than 0.15, a line segment BC-line segment DA is less than 0.15, and the correction process is carried out, calculating an included angle alpha (acute angle) between a line segment AD and the x axis, and rotating a coordinate system to the right by an angle of a degree to finish the inclination correction of the parallelogram;
(2) Inclination correction of liquid-like deficiency and gas-affecting indicator diagrams:
The square is an inclined parallelogram diagram and meets the conditions that A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0), a is more than 0.3, C is less than 0.7, and line segment BC-line segment DA is more than 0.3 in the square surrounded by the normalized diagram, the x and y axes and the x=1, and the y=1, namely the liquid supply-like deficiency and gas influence diagram; the correction process comprises the following steps: calculating an included angle alpha (acute angle) between the line segment BC and the y=1 spool, and rotating the coordinate system rightward by an angle a, so that inclination correction of the liquid supply deficiency and gas influence diagram is completed;
(3) Class traveling valve leakage diagram:
The square surrounded by the normalized diagram, x and y axes and x=1 and y=1 is an inclined parallelogram diagram and meets the requirements of A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0), a is greater than 0.3, B is greater than 0.5, C is less than 0.5, D is greater than 0.7, namely the leakage work of the quasi-traveling valve; in the correction process, calculating an included angle alpha (acute angle) between the line segment AD and the x-axis, and rotating the coordinate system rightward by an angle a to finish the inclination correction of the parallelogram;
(4) Class-fixed valve leakage diagram:
The square surrounded by the normalized diagram, x and y axes and x=1, y=1 is an inclined parallelogram diagram and meets the requirements that A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0) a is more than 0.7, B is more than 0.3, C is more than 0.7, D is less than 0.5, namely the leakage work of the quasi-fixed valve; and in the correction process, calculating an included angle alpha (acute angle) between the line segment BC and the y=1 spool, and rotating the coordinate system rightward by an angle a to finish the inclination correction of the liquid supply deficiency and gas influence diagram.
Preferably, in the step S4, the specific method for diagnosing the working condition is as follows:
S41, normal and oil pipe leakage characteristics: the intersection points of L3, L4 and L5 and the work diagram are two, namely, the absolute value of the difference between b3 and b4 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b4 and b5 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b5 and b3 is smaller than 0.1, and the intercept b3, b4 and b5 are larger than 0.6; the main criterion maximum load reference value method for distinguishing normal and oil pipe leakage is as follows: the measured maximum load is less than 0.9 times of the maximum load reference value of the well, and the minimum load is basically unchanged, namely the well is considered to be lost by the oil pipe, otherwise, the well is normal, and the reference load takes non-normalized data;
S42, insufficient liquid supply characteristic: the intersection points of L3, L4 and L5 and the work diagram are two, namely, the absolute value of the difference between b3 and b4 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b5 and b4 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b3 and b5 is smaller than 0.1, and the intercept b3, b4 and b5 are not larger than 0.6;
S43, gas influence characteristics: the intersection points of L3, L4 and L5 with the work patterns are two, and the intercept of each straight line on the work patterns is sequentially shortened, namely b3 is smaller than b4, b4 is smaller than b5, and b3, b4 and b5 are smaller than 0.6;
S44, leakage characteristics of the fixed valve: the intersection points of the L3, the L4 and the L5 with the work diagrams are two, the intercept of the L3 is smaller than that of the L4 and the L5, and the L1 is approximately positioned at the midpoint, namely the x coordinate of the L1 is 0.30.7;
S45, leakage characteristics of the traveling valve: the intersection points of the L3, the L4 and the L5 with the work diagram are two, the intercept of the L5 is smaller than that of the L4 and the L3, and the x coordinate of the L7 is 0.30.7;
s46, double-valve leakage and oil thickening characteristics: the intersection points of the L3, the L4 and the L5 with the work diagram are two, and are smaller than the intercept of the L4; the main judging method of the double-valve leakage and the oil viscosity is a maximum and minimum load reference value method, the maximum load is 1.1 times larger than the reference value, the minimum load is 0.85 times smaller than the reference value, namely the oil viscosity is obtained, otherwise, the double-valve leakage is obtained, and the x coordinates of L7 and L1 are between 0.30.7;
s47, pump bumping feature: the intersection of L7 is right-hand, about 0.85, and at least two intersection points of L6;
s48, pump bumping feature: the intersection point of L1 is far left, about 0.15, and at least two intersection points of L2 are arranged;
s49, plunger barrel removal feature: the maximum intercept of L6 is less than L2;
S410, sand discharge characteristics: the number of the intersection points of L2 is between 10 and 16, the distances of the points are approximately opposite, and the distribution is relatively uniform;
S411, wax deposition or scale formation characteristics: the number of the intersection points of L2 is between 10 and 16, and the difference of the distance between the points is large;
s412, card pump feature: l5, L6 and L7 are two intersection points, and the intercept of each line is gradually decreased;
S413, airlock feature: l2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 are all two intersection points;
S414, abnormal characteristics of the work diagrams: the number of intersection points of L4 exceeds two.
The invention provides a method for diagnosing the working condition of an oil well under a digital condition, which has the following beneficial effects:
According to the invention, through the steps of function normalization, function cutting, cutting characteristic point extraction, working condition diagnosis and the like, the accuracy of oil well working condition diagnosis is effectively improved, the running resources of the edge end of the oil well are reduced, the running efficiency of the edge end program is improved, and meanwhile, the defect of an artificial intelligent algorithm in some unusual working condition diagnosis is overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an engineering drawing cutting of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the tilt diagram process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of inclination correction of the hydraulic pump type insufficient supply and gas-affected work diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of lost work of the traveling valve of the oil pump of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the pump valve according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the oil pump of the present invention with normal and lost oil pipe;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the pump of the present invention with insufficient supply;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the pumping unit gas effect of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the pump valve according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of lost motion valve of the oil pump of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the oil pump double valve leakage and oil viscosity of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the pump of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the pump of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic drawing of a pump plunger doffing of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a second schematic drawing of a plunger doffing of an oil pump according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a pump of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of an airlock of an oil pump of this invention;
FIG. 18 is an abnormal diagram of the well work pattern of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a flow chart of a method for diagnosing oil well conditions under digitized conditions according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples:
as shown in fig. 19, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for diagnosing an oil well condition under a digital condition, including the following steps:
S1, normalized power diagram
Testing the condition of the oil pump working underground by a power meter, and constructing a graph according to the relation between the suspension point load and the suspension point displacement;
S2, work pattern cutting
Cutting the work patterns normalized and inclination-corrected in the step S1 by seven straight lines parallel to the x axis, wherein the cutting straight lines are L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7 respectively, then solving the intersection point coordinates of each cutting straight line and the work patterns, and properly adjusting the value selection range and the number of the cutting straight lines according to specific conditions, as shown in FIG. 1;
S3, extracting cutting characteristic points
And (3) performing intersection point extraction and characteristic parameter cutting processing on the normalized and inclination-corrected work patterns in the steps L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7 and S1 in the step S2, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
s31, calculating intersection points of the two types;
S32, processing cutting characteristic parameters;
S4, working condition diagnosis
Firstly, defining the intercept of two points extracted in the step S3, wherein the definition is as follows: when one straight line and the work diagram (closed curve) have only two intersection points, the intercept is b, b is the absolute value of the difference between the two intersection points, the intercept of L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 is respectively b2, b3, b4, b5 and b6, and then the working state of the oil well pump under the well is judged according to the characteristic points extracted in the step S3 and the intercept between the two points.
In the step S31, the specific method for calculating the intersection point of the two types includes the following steps:
S311, directly taking the point that the y value is equal to the numerical value of the cutting straight line;
S312, performing interpolation calculation by taking two adjacent points of which the y-axis coordinates can comprise the cutting straight line by using a linear interpolation method, and taking the interpolation point as an intersection point.
In the step S31, the specific operation steps of the cutting characteristic parameter processing are as follows:
S321, the upper and lower lines L1 and L7 have only one intersection point with the work diagram in theory; l1, y=0, and the intersection point position of the two valves and the work diagram is divided into a left area, a right area and a middle area, so that different working conditions are judged, wherein the working conditions mainly comprise a pump under bump, liquid impact, fixed valve leakage, double valve leakage and thick oil working conditions; l7, y=1, and the intersection point position of the hydraulic pump and the work diagram is divided into a left area, a right area and a middle area, and different working conditions are judged, wherein the working conditions mainly comprise pump collision, sand discharge, traveling valve leakage, double-valve leakage and thick oil working conditions;
S322, diagnosing the conditions of pump collision, sand, wax and scale blocking through the positions of the intersection points of the upper and lower eccentric lines L2 and L6 and the work diagram and the number of the intersection points; the intersection point position of the L2, y=0.05 and the closed curve of the work diagram is mainly used for judging the working conditions of the pump under collision and liquid collision; the intersection point position of the closed curve of the y=0.95 and the work diagram is mainly used for judging the working conditions of the pump collision and the liquid impact, and the intersection point data and the relative position are mainly used for judging the working conditions of sand, wax and scale;
S323, judging and more accurately distinguishing the influences of insufficient liquid supply and gas and judging the abnormality of the work diagram through the positions and the number of the intersections of the three central lines L3, L4 and L5 and the work diagram; the intersection point position of the closed curve of the liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram are mainly used for judging the influence of the insufficient liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram; the intersection point position of the closed curve of the liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram are mainly used for judging the influence of the insufficient liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram; the intersection point position of the closed curve of L5 and y=0.75 and the work diagram is mainly used for judging the influence of insufficient liquid supply and gas and the abnormal work diagram;
s324, oblique work pattern processing
When the pumping unit is produced with relatively large stroke frequency, the work diagram can be inclined rightwards to a certain extent, the inclined work diagram needs to be corrected necessarily, the diagnosis accuracy of a tangent method can be ensured, and the inclined work diagram is identified by utilizing tangent characteristics.
In the step S324, the specific method for processing the oblique work pattern is as follows:
S3241 identification and correction of parallelogram-like inclined indicator diagram
The inclined parallelogram diagram can be judged in the square surrounded by the normalized diagram, the x axis, the y axis and the x=1, and the y=1, wherein A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0), a is more than 0.3, C is less than 0.7, and when the line segment AB-line segment CD is less than 0.15, the line segment BC-line segment DA is less than 0.15, the correction process calculates the included angle alpha (acute angle) between the line segment AD and the x axis, and the coordinate system is rotated rightward by an angle of a degree, thus the inclination correction of the parallelogram is completed, as shown in fig. 2;
S3242 inclination correction of liquid-like shortage and gas-like influence diagram
The square is an inclined parallelogram diagram and meets the conditions that A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0), a is more than 0.3, C is less than 0.7, and line segment BC-line segment DA is more than 0.3 in the square surrounded by the normalized diagram, the x and y axes and the x=1, and the y=1, namely the liquid supply-like deficiency and gas influence diagram; the correction process comprises the following steps: calculating an included angle alpha (acute angle) between the line segment BC and the y=1 spool, and rotating the coordinate system rightward by an angle a to finish the inclination correction of the liquid supply deficiency and gas influence diagram, as shown in fig. 3;
S3243 like traveling valve leakage diagram
The square surrounded by the normalized diagram, x and y axes and x=1 and y=1 is an inclined parallelogram diagram and meets the requirements of A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0), a is greater than 0.3, B is greater than 0.5, C is less than 0.5, D is greater than 0.7, namely the leakage work of the quasi-traveling valve; in the correction process, calculating an included angle alpha (acute angle) between the line segment AD and the x-axis, and rotating the coordinate system rightward by an angle a to finish the inclination correction of the parallelogram, as shown in fig. 4;
S3244, like fixed valve leakage diagram
The square surrounded by the normalized diagram, x and y axes and x=1, y=1 is an inclined parallelogram diagram and meets the requirements that A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0) a is more than 0.7, B is more than 0.3, C is more than 0.7, D is less than 0.5, namely the leakage work of the quasi-fixed valve; in the correction process, an included angle alpha (acute angle) between the line segment BC and the y=1 spool is calculated, and the coordinate system is rotated rightward by an angle a, so that the inclination correction of the liquid supply deficiency and air influence diagram is completed, as shown in fig. 5.
In the step S4, the specific method for diagnosing the working condition is as follows:
S41, normal and oil pipe leakage characteristics: the intersection points of L3, L4 and L5 and the work diagram are two, namely, the absolute value of the difference between b3 and b4 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b4 and b5 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b5 and b3 is smaller than 0.1, and the intercept b3, b4 and b5 are larger than 0.6; the main criterion maximum load reference value method for distinguishing normal and oil pipe leakage is as follows: the measured maximum load is less than 0.9 times of the maximum load reference value of the well, and the minimum load is basically unchanged, namely the well is considered to be oil pipe leakage, otherwise, the well is normal, and the reference load takes non-normalized data, as shown in fig. 6;
S42, insufficient liquid supply characteristic: the intersection points of L3, L4 and L5 and the work diagram are two, namely, the absolute value of the difference between b3 and b4 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b5 and b4 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b3 and b5 is smaller than 0.1, and the intercept b3, b4 and b5 are not larger than 0.6, as shown in FIG. 7;
S43, gas influence characteristics: the intersection points of L3, L4 and L5 with the work patterns are two, and the intercept of each straight line on the work patterns is sequentially shortened, namely b3 is smaller than b4, b4 is smaller than b5, and b3, b4 and b5 are smaller than 0.6, as shown in fig. 8;
S44, leakage characteristics of the fixed valve: the intersection points of L3, L4 and L5 and the work diagram are two, the intercept of L3 is smaller than the intercept of L4 and L5, and L1 is approximately positioned at the midpoint, namely the x coordinate of L1 is 0.30.7, as shown in FIG. 9;
S45, leakage characteristics of the traveling valve: the intersection points of L3, L4 and L5 with the work diagrams are two, the intercept of L5 is smaller than the intercept of L4 and L3, and the x coordinate of L7 is 0.30.7, as shown in figure 10;
S46, double-valve leakage and oil thickening characteristics: the intersection points of the L3, the L4 and the L5 with the work diagram are two, and are smaller than the intercept of the L4; the main judging method of the double-valve leakage and the oil viscosity is a maximum and minimum load reference value method, the maximum load is 1.1 times larger than the reference value, the minimum load is 0.85 times smaller than the reference value, namely the oil viscosity is obtained, otherwise, the double-valve leakage is obtained, and the x coordinates of L7 and L1 are between 0.30.7, as shown in figure 11;
S47, pump bumping feature: the intersection of L7 is to the right of about 0.85, and at least two of the intersection of L6, one of which is slightly larger than the intersection of L7 and the other of which is slightly smaller than the intersection of L7, is shown in fig. 12;
S48, pump bumping feature: the intersection point of L1 is far left, about 0.15, at least two intersection points of L2 are arranged, wherein one intersection point is slightly larger than the intersection point of L1, and the other intersection point is slightly smaller than the intersection point of L1, as shown in FIG. 13;
S49, plunger barrel removal feature: the maximum intercept of L6 is less than L2, with L1 being left-hand, as shown in FIG. 14;
S410, sand discharge characteristics: the number of the intersection points of L2 is between 10 and 16, the distances of the points are approximately opposite, and the distribution is relatively uniform, as shown in fig. 15;
S411, wax deposition or scale formation characteristics: the number of intersection points of L2 is between 10 and 16; and the distance difference is large;
S412, card pump feature: l5, L6 and L7 are two intersection points, the intercept of each line is gradually decreased, and the intercept of L7 is right, as shown in FIG. 16;
s413, airlock feature: l2, L3, L4, L5, L6 are all two intersection points, the intercept of each line is approximately equal and not more than 0.25, as shown in FIG. 17;
s414, abnormal characteristics of the work diagrams: the number of intersection points of L4 exceeds two, as shown in fig. 18.
The invention provides a method for diagnosing the working condition of an oil well under a digital condition, which has the following beneficial effects:
According to the invention, through the steps of function normalization, function cutting, cutting characteristic point extraction, working condition diagnosis and the like, the accuracy of oil well working condition diagnosis is effectively improved, the resource consumption of oil well edge operation is reduced, the operation efficiency of an edge program is improved, and meanwhile, the defect of an artificial intelligent algorithm in some unusual working condition diagnosis is overcome.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for diagnosing the working condition of an oil well under the digital condition is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, normalizing a work diagram: testing the condition of the oil pump working underground by a power meter, and constructing a graph according to the relation between the suspension point load and the suspension point displacement;
S2, cutting a work diagram: cutting the work diagram normalized and inclination corrected in the step S1 by seven straight lines parallel to the x axis, wherein the cutting straight lines are L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7 respectively, then solving the intersection point coordinates of each cutting straight line and the work diagram, and properly adjusting the value selection range and the number of the cutting straight lines according to specific conditions;
S3, extracting cutting characteristic points: and (3) performing intersection point extraction and characteristic parameter cutting processing on the normalized and inclination-corrected work patterns in the steps L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7 and S1 in the step S2, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
s31, calculating intersection points of the two types;
S32, processing cutting characteristic parameters, wherein in the step, the specific operation steps of the cutting characteristic parameter processing are as follows:
S321, the upper and lower lines L1 and L7 have only one intersection point with the work diagram in theory; l1, y=0, and the intersection point position of the two valves and the work diagram is divided into a left area, a right area and a middle area, and different working conditions are judged, wherein the working conditions comprise a pump collision, liquid impact, fixed valve leakage, double valve leakage and thick oil working conditions; l7, y=1, and the intersection point position of the hydraulic pump and the work diagram is divided into a left area, a right area and a middle area, and different working conditions are judged, wherein the working conditions comprise pump collision, sand discharge, floating valve leakage, double valve leakage and thick oil working conditions;
S322, diagnosing the conditions of pump collision, sand, wax and scale blocking through the positions of the intersection points of the upper and lower eccentric lines L2 and L6 and the work diagram and the number of the intersection points; the intersection point position of the L2, y=0.05 and the closed curve of the work diagram is mainly used for judging the working conditions of the pump under collision and liquid collision; the intersection point position of the closed curve of the y=0.95 and the work diagram is mainly used for judging the working conditions of the pump collision and the liquid impact, and the intersection point data and the relative position are mainly used for judging the working conditions of sand, wax and scale;
s323, judging and more accurately distinguishing the influences of insufficient liquid supply and gas and judging the abnormality of the work diagram through the positions and the number of the intersections of the three central lines L3, L4 and L5 and the work diagram; the intersection point position of the closed curve of the liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram are mainly used for judging the influence of the insufficient liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram; the intersection point position of the closed curve of the liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram are mainly used for judging the influence of the insufficient liquid supply and the gas supply and the abnormal work diagram; l5, y=0.75, and the intersection point position of the closed curve of the work diagram is used for judging the influence of insufficient liquid supply and gas and the abnormal work diagram;
S324, oblique work diagram processing: when the pumping unit is produced with relatively large stroke frequency, the work diagram can be inclined rightwards to a certain extent, the inclined work diagram needs to be corrected necessarily, so that the diagnosis accuracy of a tangent method can be ensured, and the inclined work diagram is identified by utilizing tangent characteristics;
S4, working condition diagnosis: firstly, defining the intercept of two points extracted in the step S3, wherein the definition is as follows: when one straight line and the work diagram (closed curve) have only two intersection points, the intercept is b, b is the absolute value of the difference between the two intersection points, the intercept of L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 is respectively b2, b3, b4, b5 and b6, and then the working state of the oil well pump under the well is judged according to the characteristic points extracted in the step S3 and the intercept between the two points.
2. The method for diagnosing oil well conditions under digital conditions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S31, the specific method for calculating the intersection point of the two types includes the following steps:
S311, directly taking the point that the y value is equal to the numerical value of the cutting straight line;
S312, performing interpolation calculation by taking two adjacent points of which the y-axis coordinates can comprise the cutting straight line by using a linear interpolation method, and taking the interpolation point as an intersection point.
3. The method for diagnosing oil well conditions under digital conditions according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S324, the specific method for processing the oblique work pattern is as follows:
(1) Identification and correction of parallelogram-like tilt diagrams: the method comprises the steps that a parallelogram diagram which is inclined can be judged in a square surrounded by a normalized diagram, an x axis, a y axis and x=1, y=1, wherein A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0), a is larger than 0.3, C is smaller than 0.7, when a line segment AB-line segment CD is smaller than 0.15, a line segment BC-line segment DA is smaller than 0.15, an included angle alpha (acute angle) between the line segment AD and the x axis is calculated in a correcting process, and the coordinate system is rotated rightward by an angle of a degrees, so that the inclination correction of the parallelogram is completed;
(2) The method comprises the steps that among squares surrounded by an inclined correction normalization work diagram of the liquid-like and gas-influencing work diagram, x and y axes and x=1, y=1, the squares are inclined parallelogram work diagrams and meet the conditions of A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0), a being greater than 0.3, C being less than 0.7 and a line segment BC-line segment DA being greater than 0.3, the liquid-like and gas-influencing work diagram is obtained; the correction process comprises the following steps: calculating an included angle alpha (acute angle) between the line segment BC and the y=1 spool, and rotating the coordinate system rightward by an angle a, so that inclination correction of the liquid supply deficiency and gas influence diagram is completed;
(3) Class traveling valve leakage diagram: the square surrounded by the normalized diagram, x and y axes and x=1 and y=1 is an inclined parallelogram diagram and meets the requirements of A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0), a is greater than 0.3, B is greater than 0.5, C is less than 0.5, D is greater than 0.7, namely the leakage work of the quasi-traveling valve; in the correction process, calculating an included angle alpha (acute angle) between the line segment AD and the x-axis, and rotating the coordinate system rightward by an angle a to finish the inclination correction of the parallelogram;
(4) Class-fixed valve leakage diagram: the square surrounded by the normalized diagram, x and y axes and x=1, y=1 is an inclined parallelogram diagram and meets the requirements that A (0, a), B (B, 1), C (1, C), D (D, 0) a is more than 0.7, B is more than 0.3, C is more than 0.7, D is less than 0.5, namely the leakage work of the quasi-fixed valve; and in the correction process, calculating an included angle alpha (acute angle) between the line segment BC and the y=1 spool, and rotating the coordinate system rightward by an angle a to finish the inclination correction of the liquid supply deficiency and gas influence diagram.
4. The method for diagnosing oil well conditions under digital conditions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the specific method for diagnosing the working condition is as follows:
S41, normal and oil pipe leakage characteristics: the intersection points of L3, L4 and L5 and the work diagram are two, namely, the absolute value of the difference between b3 and b4 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b4 and b5 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b5 and b3 is smaller than 0.1, and the intercept b3, b4 and b5 are larger than 0.6; the main criterion maximum load reference value method for distinguishing normal and oil pipe leakage is as follows: the measured maximum load is less than 0.9 times of the maximum load reference value of the well, and the minimum load is basically unchanged, namely the well is considered to be lost by the oil pipe, otherwise, the well is normal, and the reference load takes non-normalized data;
S42, insufficient liquid supply characteristic: the intersection points of L3, L4 and L5 and the work diagram are two, namely, the absolute value of the difference between b3 and b4 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b5 and b4 is smaller than 0.1, the absolute value of the difference between b3 and b5 is smaller than 0.1, and the intercept b3, b4 and b5 are not larger than 0.6;
S43, gas influence characteristics: the intersection points of L3, L4 and L5 with the work patterns are two, and the intercept of each straight line on the work patterns is sequentially shortened, namely b3 is smaller than b4, b4 is smaller than b5, and b3, b4 and b5 are smaller than 0.6;
S44, leakage characteristics of the fixed valve: the intersection points of the L3, the L4 and the L5 with the work diagrams are two, the intercept of the L3 is smaller than that of the L4 and the L5, and the L1 is approximately positioned at the midpoint, namely the x coordinate of the L1 is 0.30.7;
S45, leakage characteristics of the traveling valve: the intersection points of the L3, the L4 and the L5 with the work diagram are two, the intercept of the L5 is smaller than that of the L4 and the L3, and the x coordinate of the L7 is 0.30.7;
S46, double-valve leakage and oil thickening characteristics: the intersection points of the L3, the L4 and the L5 with the work diagram are two, and are smaller than the intercept of the L4; the judging method of the double-valve leakage and the oil viscosity is a maximum and minimum load reference value method, the maximum load is 1.1 times larger than the reference value, and the minimum load is 0.85 times smaller than the reference value, namely the oil viscosity is obtained, otherwise, the double-valve leakage is obtained, and the x coordinates of L7 and L1 are between 0.30.7;
s47, pump bumping feature: the intersection of L7 is right-hand, about 0.85, and at least two intersection points of L6;
s48, pump bumping feature: the intersection point of L1 is far left, about 0.15, and at least two intersection points of L2 are arranged;
s49, plunger barrel removal feature: the maximum intercept of L6 is less than L2;
s410, sand discharge characteristics: the number of the intersection points of L2 is 1016, the distances of the points are approximately opposite, and the distribution is relatively uniform;
s411, wax deposition or scale formation characteristics: the number of intersection points of L2 is 1016;
s412, card pump feature: l5, L6 and L7 are two intersection points, and the intercept of each line is gradually decreased;
S413, airlock feature: l2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 are all two intersection points;
S414, abnormal characteristics of the work diagrams: the number of intersection points of L4 exceeds two.
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