CN114412401B - Vibration well cementation tool, performance test indoor test device thereof and use method - Google Patents
Vibration well cementation tool, performance test indoor test device thereof and use method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B28/00—Vibration generating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for stimulating production
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration well cementation tool, a performance test indoor test device thereof and a using method, belonging to the technical field of oil and gas well engineering. The vibration well cementation tool comprises a magnetic small ball, a magnetorheological fluid switch, a circuit control assembly shell, a circuit control assembly, a sealing ring, a cushion block, a high-temperature-resistant battery pack, a circuit structure sleeve, an inverter, a lower end cover, a magnetostrictive driver and an outer sleeve. The magnetostrictive actuator can be replaced by a piezoelectric ceramic actuator or an acoustic wave oscillator. The vibration well cementation tool is lowered to a preset position in the well along with the casing, the magnetic small ball activates the magnetorheological fluid switch, the high-temperature-resistant battery pack supplies power to the circuit control assembly, and when the magnetostrictive driver or the piezoelectric ceramic driver or the sound wave oscillator is electrified, vibration waves or sound waves are output to the casing to drive the casing to vibrate. The method can improve the fluidity of the cement paste in a large-displacement horizontal well section, shorten the waiting setting time of the cement paste, improve the bonding strength of the cement paste and has low processing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well engineering, in particular to a vibration well cementation tool, a performance test indoor test device and a using method thereof.
Background
The quality of well cementation directly influences the productivity and the service life of an oil-gas well, and a large number of indoor experiments and field experiments prove that the vibration shortens the initial and final setting time of cement paste, reduces the static shear force of the cement paste, improves the cementing strength of a first interface and a second interface of the cement paste, and the vibration well cementation is proved to be a very effective and novel well cementation technology with great development prospect.
At present, vibration cementing tools are mainly divided into mechanical knocking casing vibration tools, underground hydraulic pulse vibration tools and top surface wellhead annulus pulse vibration tools during the waiting period. The tool for mechanically knocking the casing pipe vibration needs to use a vehicle-mounted winch to insert a power supply cable under a well mouth, and the tool changes the conventional well cementation process, so that the well cementation cost is increased, and the well cementation operation time is prolonged; the underground hydraulic pulse vibration tool cannot realize vibration during the waiting period of cement paste, and the wellhead annulus pulse vibration tool needs an air compressor and an air pulse generator to provide vibration energy during the waiting period, so that the conventional well cementation process is changed, and the well cementation cost is greatly increased. The vibration cementing tools have a plurality of defects in the using process, and along with the development of the vibration cementing technology, the requirements on the accuracy of vibration parameters and the effect of vibration waves are continuously improved, and the vibration devices are difficult to meet the current vibration cementing requirements.
Therefore, a vibration well cementation device capable of providing high-frequency vibration for cement paste in a waiting setting stage is urgently needed to solve the problems of poor flowability and non-uniformity of the cement paste in a horizontal well, and meanwhile, more accurate vibration parameters and better vibration effects can be obtained, so that the vibration well cementation device has very important significance for the application of a vibration well cementation technology in a complex oil and gas well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vibration well cementation tool, a performance test indoor test device thereof and a using method.
A vibration well cementation tool is characterized by comprising a magnetic small ball, a magnetorheological fluid switch, a circuit control assembly shell, a circuit control assembly, a sealing ring, a cushion block, a high-temperature-resistant battery pack, a circuit structure sleeve, an inverter, a lower end cover, a driver and an outer sleeve, wherein the magnetic small ball is sequentially fixed with the outer sleeve from top to bottom; the magnetorheological fluid switch is connected to the upper end of the circuit control assembly shell through threads and is sealed through a sealing gasket; the circuit control assembly is fixed on the circuit control assembly shell through a screw; the upper part of the shell of the circuit control assembly is connected with the outer sleeve through threads, the middle part of the shell of the circuit control assembly is connected with the circuit structure sleeve through threads and sealed by a sealing ring, and the lower part of the shell of the circuit control assembly is connected with the cushion block through bolts; the high-temperature-resistant battery pack is fixed on the circuit structure sleeve through the battery bush; the inverter is connected to the circuit structure sleeve through a stud; the lower end cover is connected to the circuit structure sleeve through threads and sealed through a sealing gasket; sensors are uniformly arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the outer sleeve;
the magnetorheological fluid switch consists of an upper cylinder body, a balancing weight, magnetorheological fluid, a spring, a lower cylinder body and a circuit connector;
the upper cylinder body is connected with the lower cylinder body through threads and is sealed through a sealing gasket; the magnetorheological fluid is uniformly filled in the cavity of the whole upper cylinder body; the upper end and the lower end of the spring are respectively fixedly connected with the balancing weight and the lower cylinder body; the circuit connector is fixed on the lower cylinder body through threads.
The driver is a magnetostrictive driver, a piezoelectric ceramic driver or a sound wave oscillator.
The magnetostrictive actuator consists of a pre-tightening bolt, an upper baffle, a cylinder body, an upper permanent magnet, a giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil, a lower permanent magnet, a pre-pressing plate, a disc spring, an output rod, a lower baffle and a collision plate;
wherein, the upper baffle is connected on the outer sleeve through a bolt, and the end surface of the upper baffle is provided with a wire guide hole; the pre-tightening bolt is screwed on the upper baffle, and the pressing force of the disc spring is adjusted by adjusting the screwing degree of the pre-tightening bolt so that the giant magnetostrictive rod outputs the required displacement and force; the upper part of the cylinder body is contacted with the lower end surface of the upper baffle plate, the lower part of the cylinder body is contacted with the upper end surface of the lower baffle plate, and grooves are arranged at all contact positions to limit the radial movement of the cylinder body; the upper end of the upper permanent magnet is fixedly connected with an inner boss of the cylinder body, and the lower end of the upper permanent magnet is fixedly connected with the upper end of the giant magnetostrictive rod; the lower permanent magnet is embedded in the prepressing plate, and the upper end of the lower permanent magnet is fixedly connected with the lower end of the giant magnetostrictive rod; the prepressing plate is in interference fit with the inner wall of the cylinder body; the upper end and the lower end of the disc spring are respectively fixedly connected with the lower end face of the prepressing plate and the output rod, and the prepressing plate is fixed on the output rod through a bolt; the lower baffle is connected with the cylinder body by threads and is sealed by a sealing gasket; the collision plate is welded with the outer sleeve;
the upper end face of the circuit control assembly shell, the upper baffle plate and the collision plate are all uniformly provided with 6 through holes with the same size along the circumferential direction so that drilling fluid can circulate in the annular space.
The piezoelectric ceramic driver consists of a shell, a base, a piezoelectric ceramic crystal block, an insulating gasket, a bolt, a sealing cover, an amplitude output rod and a bearing plate;
wherein, the upper end of the shell is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve through a screw, and the center of the upper end surface of the shell is provided with a wire guide hole; the base is fixedly connected to the shell through a bolt, and the piezoelectric ceramic crystal block and the insulating gasket are fixed between the base and the amplitude output rod through the bolt; the sealing cover is matched with the shell through threaded connection and is sealed through a sealing gasket; the bearing plate is welded on the inner wall of the outer sleeve;
the upper end face of the shell, the lower end face of the sealing cover and the bearing plate are all uniformly provided with 6 through holes with the same size along the circumferential direction so that drilling fluid can circulate in the annular space;
the piezoelectric ceramic crystal block is formed by stacking piezoelectric ceramic wafers.
The sound wave oscillator consists of an upper sealing cover, a linear stepping motor, a shell, a piston, a sound cavity, a rubber air cavity, a sound transmission column, a hollow steel ball and a lower sealing cover;
wherein, the upper sealing cover is fixedly connected on the outer sleeve through a bolt, and the center of the upper end surface of the upper sealing cover is provided with a wire guide hole; the linear stepping motor is fixedly connected to the upper sealing cover through a bolt, an output rod of the linear stepping motor is matched with the piston through threaded connection, and the lower end face of the piston abuts against the rubber air cavity; the sound cavity is fixedly connected to the shell through a bolt, an air inlet of the sound cavity is fixedly connected and sealed with the rubber air cavity, a fence is cast in the sound cavity, two hollow steel balls are placed in the sound cavity, and an air outlet is formed in the bottom surface of the sound cavity; the upper end of the sound transmission column is propped against the bottom surface of the sound cavity, and the lower end of the sound transmission column is connected with the lower sealing cover through threads; the lower sealing cover is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve through a bolt; the upper end and the lower end of the shell are respectively fixedly connected with an upper sealing cover and a lower sealing cover through threads, and the connecting parts are sealed through sealing gaskets;
the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover are uniformly provided with 6 through holes with the same size along the circumferential direction so as to enable drilling fluid to circulate in the annular space.
The use method of the vibration well cementation tool is characterized in that the vibration well cementation tool is put into a preset position in an oil gas well, a magnetic body small ball is put into a ground wellhead, and a magnetic field is generated around the magnetic body small ball; along with the circulation of the drilling fluid, when the small magnetic balls are put into the upper end face of the shell of the circuit control assembly, the performance of the magnetorheological fluid in the upper cylinder body of the magnetorheological fluid switch is changed due to the external magnetic field, the balancing weight moves downwards, the spring is compressed, the circuit connector is connected, and the circuit control assembly is activated to work; the circuit control assembly is powered by the high-temperature-resistant battery pack, the high-temperature-resistant battery pack is adjusted to output direct current which is converted into alternating current through the inverter, an internal module of the inverter automatically adjusts output voltage and frequency according to preset parameters, current is input to the coil through a lead, an alternating excitation magnetic field is formed in a cylinder body made of insulating materials to drive the giant magnetostrictive rod to extend or shorten, the upper permanent magnet and the lower permanent magnet generate a bias magnetic field to ensure that the giant magnetostrictive rod is linearly deformed, the giant magnetostrictive rod pushes the pre-pressing plate to output displacement and force, and the lower end face of the output rod impacts the collision plate to enable the outer sleeve to continuously vibrate to perform well cementation.
The use method of the vibration well cementing tool is characterized in that the vibration well cementing tool is lowered into a preset position in an oil-gas well, a magnetic body small ball is thrown into a ground well mouth, and a magnetic field is generated around the magnetic body small ball; along with the circulation of the drilling fluid, when the magnetic small balls are lowered into the upper end face of the shell of the circuit control assembly, the performance of magnetorheological fluid in an upper cylinder body of the magnetorheological fluid switch is changed due to an external magnetic field, the balancing weight moves downwards, the spring is compressed, the circuit joint is connected, and the circuit control assembly is activated to work; the circuit control assembly is powered by the high-temperature-resistant battery pack, the high-temperature-resistant battery pack is adjusted to output direct current which is converted into alternating current through the inverter, the built-in module of the inverter automatically adjusts output voltage and frequency according to preset parameters, current is input into the piezoelectric ceramic crystal blocks through the wires, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal blocks generate regular deformation and generate displacement and force, the bearing plate is impacted through the amplitude output rod, and the outer sleeve is made to vibrate continuously to perform well cementation.
The use method of the vibration well cementing tool is characterized in that the vibration well cementing tool is lowered into a preset position in an oil-gas well, a magnetic body small ball is thrown into a ground well mouth, and a magnetic field is generated around the magnetic body small ball; along with the circulation of the drilling fluid, when the small magnetic balls are put into the upper end face of the shell of the circuit control assembly, the performance of the magnetorheological fluid in the upper cylinder body of the magnetorheological fluid switch is changed due to the external magnetic field, the balancing weight moves downwards, the spring is compressed, the circuit connector is connected, and the circuit control assembly is activated to work; the circuit control assembly is powered by the high-temperature-resistant battery pack, adjusts the direct current output by the high-temperature-resistant battery pack and converts the direct current into alternating current through the inverter, the built-in module of the inverter automatically adjusts the output voltage and frequency according to preset parameters, then the current is input into the linear stepping motor through a lead, and the output rod of the linear stepping motor drives the piston to move up and down; when the piston moves downwards, the rubber air cavity is compressed, and air is compressed to the sound cavity; when the piston moves upwards, the rubber air cavity is bounced, the reciprocating motion enables air in the sound cavity to flow and drives the hollow steel balls to move, sound waves of 15-200 Hz are generated, and the sound waves are coupled to the lower sealing cover through the sound transmission column and are transmitted to the outer sleeve to vibrate, and then cement paste is driven to vibrate.
An indoor test device for testing the performance of a vibration well cementation tool is characterized in that the test device consists of a sensor, a hydraulic pump, a heating resistor, an oscilloscope, a notebook computer, an outer sleeve and a well wall model;
the sensors and the heating resistors are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the outer sleeve, the sensors are connected with the oscilloscope through leads, the oscilloscope is connected with the notebook computer through leads, and the hydraulic pump is connected with the well wall model.
The sensors include pressure sensors, temperature sensors and acceleration sensors.
A method for using an indoor test device for testing the performance of a vibration well cementation tool is characterized in that firstly, all equipment of the test device is debugged to ensure normal work, then a circuit and a hydraulic loop are built, and a hydraulic pump, a heating resistor, an oscilloscope and a notebook computer are connected with an external power supply; a vibration well cementation tool is arranged at the tail end of the horizontal section of the outer sleeve, and the hydraulic pump injects drilling fluid into the outer sleeve and keeps the drilling fluid circulating in the outer sleeve; the heating resistor continuously heats the outer sleeve, and the oscilloscope displays the vibration frequency generated by the vibration cementing tool; changing the input current and voltage of the vibration well cementation tool, debugging the vibration well cementation tool to be in a normal working state, and transmitting the measured data to a notebook computer by a sensor; by analyzing the amplitude and the vibration frequency, the longest distance of the sound wave generated by the driver transmitted on the well wall model and the optimal input current and voltage of the vibration cementing tool are obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the driving device of the vibration well cementation tool adopts the high temperature resistant battery pack for power supply, and the battery pack is put into the well bottom along with the casing pipe, the existing well cementation equipment and well cementation process are not changed, and the equipment has the advantages of simple instrument manufacture and low processing cost;
2. the magnetostrictive driver and the piezoelectric ceramic driver of the vibration well cementation tool have large driving force, can continuously output vibration waves in the waiting setting stage of cement paste, improve the compactness and the bonding strength of the cement paste, and can obtain a high-quality cement sheath, thereby improving the well cementation quality;
3. the sound wave generated by the sound wave oscillator of the vibration well cementation tool can affect the structure and the performance of a transmission medium, and the sound wave is excited by the sound wave oscillator to act on the casing and is transmitted along the casing string, so that impurities attached to the casing can be effectively removed, cement slurry is uniformly filled inside and outside the casing, and the construction procedure of normal well cementation operation is not affected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the vibrating cementing tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a magnetorheological fluid switch;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the magnetostrictive actuator;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a piezoceramic driver;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an acoustic wave oscillator;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an indoor testing device for testing the performance of the vibrating cementing tool of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a vibration cementing tool, a performance testing indoor test device thereof and a using method thereof, and the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings and the specific embodiment.
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vibrating cementing tool of the present invention, comprising: the magnetorheological fluid power generation device comprises a magnetic body ball 1, a magnetorheological fluid switch 2, a circuit control assembly shell 3, a circuit control assembly 4, a sealing ring 5, a cushion block 6, a high-temperature-resistant battery pack 7, a circuit structure sleeve 8, an inverter 9, a lower end cover 10, a driver 11, an outer sleeve 12 and the like. The magnetorheological fluid switch 2 is connected to the upper end of the circuit control assembly shell 4 through threads and is sealed through a sealing gasket; the circuit control assembly 4 is fixed on the circuit control assembly shell 3 through screw connection; the upper end part of the circuit control assembly shell 3 is connected with the outer sleeve 12 through threads, 6 through holes are uniformly distributed on the end surface, so that drilling fluid can circulate in the annular space, the middle part of the circuit control assembly shell is connected with the circuit structure sleeve 8 through threads and needs to be sealed by a sealing ring 5, and the lower part of the circuit control assembly shell is connected with the cushion block 6 through bolts; the high-temperature-resistant battery pack 7 is fixed on the circuit structure sleeve 8 through a battery bush; the inverter 9 is connected to the circuit structure sleeve 8 through a stud; the lower end cover 10 is connected to the circuit structure casing 8 through threads and sealed through a sealing gasket. Wherein the driver 11 is a magnetostrictive driver, a piezoelectric ceramic driver or a sonic oscillator.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a magnetorheological fluid switch, the magnetorheological fluid switch comprising: the magnetorheological fluid generator comprises an upper cylinder body 201, a counterweight 202, magnetorheological fluid 203, a spring 204, a lower cylinder body 205 and a circuit joint 206; the upper cylinder 201 is connected with the lower cylinder 205 through threads and sealed through a sealing device; the magnetorheological fluid 203 is uniformly filled in the cavity of the whole upper cylinder body 201; two ends of the spring 204 are fixedly connected with the upper cylinder 201 and the lower cylinder 205 respectively; the circuit connector 206 is fixed to the lower cylinder 205 by screwing.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a magnetostrictive actuator, which includes: pretension bolt 1101, upper baffle 1102, cylinder 1103, upper permanent magnet 1104, giant magnetostrictive rod 1105, coil 1106, lower permanent magnet 1107, pre-pressing plate 1108, disc spring 1109, output rod 1110, lower baffle 1111, and collision plate 1112. The upper baffle 1102 is connected to the outer sleeve 12 through bolts, and the circumference of the end surface of the upper baffle is uniformly provided with 6 through holes, so that drilling fluid can circulate in the annulus, and a wire guide hole is arranged on the upper baffle; the pre-tightening bolt 1101 is screwed on the upper baffle 1102, and the pressing force of the disc spring 1109 can be adjusted by adjusting the screwing degree of the pre-tightening bolt 1101 so as to generate the required pressing force, so that the ultra-magnetostrictive rod 1105 can output the required displacement and force; the upper part of the cylinder body 1103 is propped against the lower end surface of the upper baffle 1102, the lower part of the cylinder body is propped against the upper end surface of the lower baffle 1111, and a groove is arranged at the contact position to limit the radial movement of the cylinder body; the upper end of the upper permanent magnet 1104 is fixedly connected with a boss inside the cylinder 1103 and is fixedly connected with the upper end of the giant magnetostrictive rod 1105; the lower permanent magnet 1107 is embedded in the prepressing plate 1108 and is fixedly connected with the lower end of the giant magnetostrictive rod 1105; the pre-pressing plate 1108 is in interference fit with the inner wall of the cylinder 1103; two ends of a disc spring 1109 are fixedly connected with the end face of the prepressing plate 1108 and the output rod 1110 respectively; the lower baffle 1111 is in threaded connection with the cylinder body 1103 and is sealed through a sealing gasket; the collision plate 1112 is welded with the outer sleeve 12, and 6 through holes are uniformly formed in the end face of the collision plate along the circumference, so that the drilling fluid can be circulated.
The vibration well cementation tool is applied to a vibration well cementation stage in the petroleum drilling process, and when the vibration well cementation tool is used, the multipurpose vibration well cementation tool is put into a preset position; a certain amount of magnetic small balls 1 are put into a ground wellhead, a magnetic field can be generated around the magnetic small balls 1, along with circulation of drilling fluid, when the magnetic small balls 1 are put into the upper end face of a shell 3 of the circuit control assembly, the performance of magnetorheological fluid 203 in an upper cylinder 201 in the magnetorheological fluid switch 2 is changed due to an external magnetic field, a balancing weight 202 moves downwards, a spring 204 is compressed, a circuit connector 206 is connected, and the circuit control assembly 4 starts to work; the direct current output by the high-temperature battery pack 7 is converted into alternating current by the inverter 9, the built-in module of the circuit control assembly 4 can automatically adjust the output voltage and the frequency according to preset parameters, the alternating current is transmitted to a coil 1106 of a magnetostrictive driver through a lead, an alternating excitation magnetic field is formed in a cylinder 1103 made of an insulating material to drive the giant magnetostrictive rod 1105 to extend and shorten and deform, so that the magnetostrictive driver has strong force and displacement output capability, the upper permanent magnet 1104 and the lower permanent magnet 1107 can generate a bias magnetic field to ensure that the giant magnetostrictive rod 1105 can linearly deform, the prepressing plate 1108 and the output rod 1110 are fixedly connected into a whole through a bolt, the giant magnetostrictive rod 1105 can push the prepressing plate 1108 to output displacement and force, and the lower end face of the output rod 1110 impacts the collision plate 1112, so that the outer sleeve 12 continuously vibrates. The vibration waves are transmitted into the cement paste through the interface, so that the fluidity of the cement paste is improved, the waiting time of the cement paste is shortened, and the quality of a cement sheath is improved.
Example 2
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a piezoelectric ceramic actuator, which includes: the piezoelectric ceramic vibration absorber comprises a shell 1121, a base 1122, a piezoelectric ceramic crystal block 1123, an insulating gasket 1124, a bolt 1125, a sealing cover 1126, an amplitude output rod 1127 and a bearing plate 1128. The upper end of the shell 1121 is fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 12 through screw connection, and 6 through holes with the same size are uniformly formed in the upper end surface of the shell along the circumference, so that drilling fluid can circulate in the annulus, and a wire guide hole is formed in the center of the upper end surface; the base 1122 is fixed on the housing 1121 through bolt connection, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal block 1123 is formed by stacking piezoelectric ceramic wafers, and the piezoelectric ceramic crystal block 1123 and the insulating spacer 1124 are fixed between the base 1122 and the amplitude output rod 1127 through bolts 1125; the sealing cover 1126 is matched with the shell 1121 through threaded connection, is sealed through a sealing gasket, and is provided with 6 through holes with the same size along the circumference of the lower end surface of the sealing cover, so that drilling fluid can circulate in the annular space; the carrier plate 1128 is welded to the inner wall of the outer sleeve 12 and has 6 through holes of the same size on its end surface.
The piezoelectric ceramic driver can replace the magnetostrictive driver to generate vibration waves, and the using method comprises the following steps: the circuit device of the embodiment 1 is triggered, after current is input to the piezoelectric ceramic driver, the piezoelectric ceramic wafer generates regular deformation and generates displacement and force, and then the bearing plate 1128 is impacted by the amplitude output rod 1127, so that the outer sleeve continuously vibrates, and the purpose of vibrating well cementation is achieved.
Example 3
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sound wave oscillator including: an upper sealing cover 1131, a linear stepper motor 1132, a shell 1133, a piston 1134, an acoustic cavity 1135, a rubber air cavity 1136, a sound transmission column 1137, a hollow steel ball 1138 and a lower sealing cover 1139. The upper sealing cover 1131 is fixed on the outer sleeve 12 through bolt connection, and its upper end face is provided with 6 through holes with equal size along the circumference, so that the drilling fluid can circulate in the annulus, and the center of the upper end face is also provided with a wire guide; the linear stepper motor 1132 is fixed on the upper sealing cover 1131 through bolt connection, and an output rod of the linear stepper motor is fixedly connected and sealed with the rubber air cavity 1136; the acoustic cavity 1135 is fixed on the outer shell 1133 through bolt connection, the air inlet is fixedly connected and sealed with the rubber air cavity 1136, a fence is cast in the acoustic cavity 1135, two hollow steel balls 1138 are placed in the acoustic cavity 1135, and the bottom surface of the acoustic cavity is provided with an air outlet; the upper end surface of the sound transmission column 1137 is propped against the bottom surface of the sound cavity 1135, and the lower end of the sound transmission column is screwed on the lower sealing cover 1139 through threads; the lower sealing cover 1139 is fixed on the outer sleeve 12 through bolt connection, and the lower end surface is provided with a through hole which is the same as and corresponds to the upper sealing cover 1131; both ends of the housing 1133 are fixedly connected with the upper sealing cover 1131 and the lower sealing cover 1139 through threaded connection, and the connection part of the housing needs to be sealed by a sealing device.
The sound wave oscillator can replace the magnetostrictive actuator and the piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and the use method comprises the following steps: the circuit device in embodiment 1 is triggered, when the linear stepper motor 1132 is powered on, the motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy of reciprocating linear motion, an output rod of the motor drives the piston 1134 to move up and down, further, air in the rubber air cavity 1136 is compressed to the acoustic cavity 1135, the hollow steel ball 1138 in the acoustic cavity 1135 is driven to move through air flow, and sound waves of 15 to 200Hz are generated, and are coupled to the lower sealing cover 1139 through the sound transmission column 1137 and are transmitted to the outer sleeve 12, and the sound waves continuously drive the outer sleeve 12 to vibrate, so that cement paste vibrates, the compactness and the cementing strength of the cement paste are improved, and a high-quality cement ring is obtained, and the well cementation quality is improved.
Example 4
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a laboratory test apparatus, which comprises: a sensor 15, a hydraulic pump 16, a heating resistor 17, an oscilloscope 18, a notebook computer 14, an outer casing 12 and a borehole wall model 13.
A vibration well cementation tool performance test indoor test device and a use method thereof mainly aim at testing the mechanical performance and the working performance of the vibration well cementation tool under the condition of simulating the actual working condition. Before testing, whether each device can work normally is debugged, a hydraulic pump 16, a heating resistor 17, an oscilloscope 18 and a notebook computer 14 are installed at proper positions, an external power supply needs to be connected, the construction work of related circuits and hydraulic loops is completed according to the flow, the vibration well cementation tool is installed at the tail end of the horizontal section of an outer sleeve 12, drilling fluid is injected into the outer sleeve 12 through the hydraulic pump 16 and keeps circulating, the heating resistor 17 heats the outer sleeve 12 continuously to simulate the actual working condition in the well, sensors 15 are uniformly arranged on the outer sleeve 12, the sensors 15 comprise pressure, temperature and acceleration sensors and are connected with the oscilloscope 18 and the notebook computer 14 through leads, the oscilloscope 18 can visually display the vibration frequency generated by the vibration well cementation tool, the vibration well cementation tool is debugged to be in a normal working state, the measured data are transmitted to the notebook computer 14 through the sensors 15, and the longest distance of the transmission of the vibration waves generated by the driver under different working conditions on a well wall model 13 can be obtained through analyzing parameters such as amplitude, vibration frequency and the like in corresponding software.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A vibration well cementation tool is characterized by comprising a magnetic small ball (1), a magnetorheological fluid switch (2), a circuit control assembly shell (3), a circuit control assembly (4), a sealing ring (5), a cushion block (6), a high-temperature-resistant battery pack (7), a circuit structure sleeve (8), an inverter (9), a lower end cover (10), a driver (11) and an outer sleeve (12), wherein the magnetic small ball is sequentially fixed with the outer sleeve (12) from top to bottom; the magnetorheological fluid switch (2) is connected to the upper end of the circuit control assembly shell (3) through threads and is sealed through a sealing gasket; the circuit control assembly (4) is fixed on the circuit control assembly shell (3) through a screw; the upper part of the circuit control assembly shell (3) is connected with an outer sleeve (12) through threads, the middle part of the circuit control assembly shell is connected with a circuit structure sleeve (8) through threads and sealed by a sealing ring (5), and the lower part of the circuit control assembly shell is connected with a cushion block (6) through a bolt; the high-temperature-resistant battery pack (7) is fixed on the circuit structure sleeve (8) through a battery bush; the inverter (9) is connected to the circuit structure sleeve (8) through a stud; the lower end cover (10) is connected to the circuit structure sleeve (8) through threads and sealed through a sealing gasket; sensors (15) are uniformly arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the outer sleeve (12);
the magnetorheological fluid switch (2) is composed of an upper cylinder body (201), a balancing weight (202), magnetorheological fluid (203), a spring (204), a lower cylinder body (205) and a circuit connector (206);
wherein the upper cylinder body (201) is connected with the lower cylinder body (205) through threads and is sealed through a sealing gasket; the magnetorheological fluid (203) is uniformly filled in the cavity of the whole upper cylinder body (201); the upper end and the lower end of the spring (204) are respectively fixedly connected with the balancing weight (202) and the lower cylinder body (205); the circuit connector (206) is fixed on the lower cylinder body (205) through threads;
the driver (11) is a magnetostrictive driver (11-1), a piezoelectric ceramic driver (11-2) or a sound wave oscillator (11-3);
the magnetostrictive actuator (11-1) consists of a pre-tightening bolt (1101), an upper baffle (1102), a cylinder body (1103), an upper permanent magnet (1104), a giant magnetostrictive rod (1105), a coil (1106), a lower permanent magnet (1107), a pre-pressing plate (1108), a disc spring (1109), an output rod (1110), a lower baffle (1111) and a collision plate (1112);
wherein, the upper baffle plate (1102) is connected on the outer sleeve (12) through a bolt, and the end surface of the upper baffle plate is provided with a wire guide hole; a pre-tightening bolt (1101) is screwed on the upper baffle plate (1102), and the pressing force of a disc spring (1109) is adjusted by adjusting the screwing degree of the pre-tightening bolt (1101) so that the ultra-magnetostrictive rod (1105) outputs required displacement and force; the upper part of the cylinder body (1103) is in contact with the lower end face of the upper baffle plate (1102), the lower part of the cylinder body is in contact with the upper end face of the lower baffle plate (1111), and grooves are formed in all contact positions to limit the radial movement of the cylinder body (1103); the upper end of the upper permanent magnet (1104) is fixedly connected with an inner boss of the cylinder body (1103), and the lower end of the upper permanent magnet is fixedly connected with the upper end of the giant magnetostrictive rod (1105); the lower permanent magnet (1107) is embedded in the prepressing plate (1108), and the upper end of the lower permanent magnet is fixedly connected with the lower end of the giant magnetostrictive rod (1105); the prepressing plate (1108) is in interference fit with the inner wall of the cylinder body (1103); the upper end and the lower end of the disc spring (1109) are respectively fixedly connected with the lower end face of the prepressing plate (1108) and the output rod (1110), and the prepressing plate (1108) is fixed on the output rod (1110) through a bolt; the lower baffle (1111) is in threaded connection with the cylinder body (1103) and is sealed by a sealing gasket; the collision plate (1112) is welded with the outer sleeve (12);
the upper end face of the circuit control assembly shell (3), the upper baffle plate (1102) and the collision plate (1112) are all provided with 6 through holes with the same size uniformly along the circumferential direction so as to circulate drilling fluid in the annular space.
2. The vibratory cementing tool of claim 1, wherein the piezoceramic driver (11-2) is comprised of a housing (1121), a base (1122), a piezoceramic crystal block (1123), an insulating washer (1124), a bolt (1125), a sealing cap (1126), an amplitude output rod (1127), and a carrier plate (1128);
wherein, the upper end of the shell (1121) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve (12) through a screw, and the center of the upper end surface of the shell is provided with a wire hole; the base (1122) is fixedly connected to the shell (1121) through bolts, and the piezoelectric ceramic crystal block (1123) and the insulating spacer (1124) are fixed between the base (1122) and the amplitude output rod (1127) through bolts (1125); the sealing cover (1126) is matched with the shell (1121) through threaded connection and is sealed through a sealing gasket; the bearing plate (1128) is welded on the inner wall of the outer sleeve (12);
the upper end surface of the shell (1121), the lower end surface of the sealing cover (1126) and the bearing plate (1128) are uniformly provided with 6 through holes with the same size along the circumferential direction so that drilling fluid can circulate in the annular space;
the piezoelectric ceramic crystal block (1123) is formed by stacking piezoelectric ceramic wafers.
3. The vibrating cementing tool of claim 1, wherein the acoustic wave oscillator (11-3) consists of an upper sealing cover (1131), a linear stepper motor (1132), a housing (1133), a piston (1134), an acoustic cavity (1135), a rubber air cavity (1136), a sound transmission column (1137), a hollow steel ball (1138) and a lower sealing cover (1139);
wherein, the upper sealing cover (1131) is fixedly connected on the outer sleeve (12) through a bolt, and the center of the upper end surface of the upper sealing cover is provided with a wire guide hole; the linear stepping motor (1132) is fixedly connected to the upper sealing cover (1131) through a bolt, an output rod of the linear stepping motor (1132) is matched with the piston (1134) through threaded connection, and the lower end face of the piston (1134) abuts against the rubber air cavity (1136); the sound cavity (1135) is fixedly connected to the shell (1133) through bolts, the air inlet of the sound cavity (1135) is fixedly connected and sealed with the rubber air cavity (1136), grids are cast in the sound cavity (1135), two hollow steel balls (1138) are placed in the sound cavity (1135), and the bottom surface of the sound cavity (1135) is provided with an air outlet; the upper end of the sound transmission column (1137) is propped against the bottom surface of the sound cavity (1135), and the lower end of the sound transmission column (1137) is connected with the lower sealing cover (1139) through threads; the lower sealing cover (1139) is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve (12) through bolts; the upper end and the lower end of the shell (1133) are fixedly connected with an upper sealing cover (1131) and a lower sealing cover (1139) through threads respectively, and the connecting parts are sealed through sealing gaskets;
the upper sealing cover (1131) and the lower sealing cover (1139) are uniformly provided with 6 through holes with the same size along the circumferential direction so as to enable drilling fluid to circulate in the annular space.
4. A method for using the vibration cementing tool of claim 1, characterized in that the vibration cementing tool is lowered into a predetermined position in an oil and gas well, a magnetic pellet (1) is put into a wellhead on the ground, and a magnetic field is generated around the magnetic pellet (1); along with circulation of drilling fluid, when the magnetic small ball (1) is lowered into the upper end face of the circuit control assembly shell (3), an external magnetic field causes the performance of magnetorheological fluid (203) in an upper cylinder body (201) of the magnetorheological fluid switch (2) to change, a balancing weight (202) moves downwards, a spring (204) is compressed, a circuit connector (206) is connected, and the circuit control assembly (4) is activated to work; the circuit control assembly (4) is powered by the high-temperature-resistant battery pack (7), the high-temperature-resistant battery pack (7) is adjusted to output direct current which is converted into alternating current through the inverter (9), a built-in module of the inverter (9) automatically adjusts output voltage and frequency according to preset parameters, current is input to the coil (1106) through a lead, an alternating excitation magnetic field is formed in the cylinder body (1103) made of insulating materials, the giant magnetostrictive rod (1105) is driven to extend or shorten, the upper permanent magnet (1104) and the lower permanent magnet (1107) generate a bias magnetic field to ensure that the giant magnetostrictive rod (1105) is linearly deformed, the giant magnetostrictive rod (1105) pushes the pre-pressing plate (1108) to output displacement and force, the lower end face of the output rod (1110) impacts the collision plate (1112), and the outer sleeve (12) is enabled to vibrate continuously to conduct well cementation.
5. A method for using the vibration cementing tool of claim 2, characterized in that the vibration cementing tool is lowered into a predetermined position in an oil and gas well, a magnetic pellet (1) is put into a wellhead on the ground, and a magnetic field is generated around the magnetic pellet (1); along with circulation of drilling fluid, when the magnetic small ball (1) is lowered into the upper end face of the circuit control assembly shell (3), an external magnetic field causes the performance of magnetorheological fluid (203) in an upper cylinder body (201) of the magnetorheological fluid switch (2) to change, a balancing weight (202) moves downwards, a spring (204) is compressed, a circuit connector (206) is connected, and the circuit control assembly (4) is activated to work; the circuit control assembly (4) is powered by the high-temperature-resistant battery pack (7), the high-temperature-resistant battery pack (7) is adjusted to output direct current which is converted into alternating current through the inverter (9), the built-in module of the inverter (9) automatically adjusts output voltage and frequency according to preset parameters, current is input into the piezoelectric ceramic crystal block (1123) through the lead, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal block generates regular deformation and generates displacement and force, and the bearing plate (1128) is impacted through the amplitude output rod (1127), so that the outer sleeve (12) continuously vibrates to perform well cementation.
6. A method for using the vibration cementing tool of claim 3, characterized in that the vibration cementing tool is lowered into a predetermined position in an oil and gas well, a magnetic pellet (1) is put into a wellhead on the ground, and a magnetic field is generated around the magnetic pellet (1); along with circulation of drilling fluid, when the magnetic small ball (1) is lowered into the upper end face of the circuit control assembly shell (3), an external magnetic field causes the performance of magnetorheological fluid (203) in an upper cylinder body (201) of the magnetorheological fluid switch (2) to change, a balancing weight (202) moves downwards, a spring (204) is compressed, a circuit connector (206) is connected, and the circuit control assembly (4) is activated to work; the circuit control assembly (4) is powered by the high-temperature-resistant battery pack (7), the high-temperature-resistant battery pack (7) is adjusted to output direct current which is converted into alternating current by the inverter (9), the built-in module of the inverter (9) automatically adjusts output voltage and frequency according to preset parameters, current is input into the linear stepping motor (1132) through a lead, and an output rod of the linear stepping motor drives the piston (1134) to move up and down; compressing a rubber air chamber (1136) when the piston (1134) moves downward, and compressing air to the acoustic chamber (1135); when the piston (1134) moves upwards, the rubber air cavity (1136) is bounced, the reciprocating motion enables air in the sound cavity (1135) to flow and drives the hollow steel ball (1138) to move, so that sound waves of 15-200 Hz are generated, and the sound waves are coupled to the lower sealing cover (1139) through the sound transmission column (1137) and are transmitted to the outer sleeve (12) to enable the outer sleeve to vibrate, so that cement paste is driven to vibrate.
7. An indoor test device for performance test of the vibrating cementing tool according to the claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the indoor test device is composed of an outer sleeve (12), a well wall model (13), a notebook computer (14), a sensor (15), a hydraulic pump (16), a heating resistor (17) and an oscilloscope (18);
the sensor (15) and the heating resistor (17) are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the outer sleeve (12), the sensor (15) is connected with an oscilloscope (18) through a lead, the oscilloscope (18) is connected with a notebook computer (14) through a lead, and the hydraulic pump (16) is connected with the well wall model (13);
the sensors (15) include a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and an acceleration sensor.
8. A use method of the indoor test device for the performance test of the vibration cementing tool is characterized in that the use method comprises the steps of debugging all equipment of the test device to ensure normal operation, then building a circuit and a hydraulic loop, and connecting a hydraulic pump (16), a heating resistor (17), an oscilloscope (18) and a notebook computer (14) with an external power supply; a vibration well cementation tool is arranged at the tail end of the horizontal section of the outer sleeve (12), and a hydraulic pump (16) injects drilling fluid into the outer sleeve (12) and keeps the drilling fluid circulating in the outer sleeve (12); the heating resistor (17) continuously heats the outer sleeve (12), and the oscilloscope (18) displays the vibration frequency generated by the vibration cementing tool; changing the input current and voltage of the vibration well cementation tool, debugging the vibration well cementation tool to be in a normal working state, and transmitting the measured data to a notebook computer (14) by a sensor (15); by analyzing the amplitude and the vibration frequency, the longest distance the sound waves generated by the driver (11) are transmitted on the borehole wall model (13) and the optimal input current and voltage of the vibrating cementing tool are obtained.
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