CN114411073B - Heat treatment method for simultaneously improving strong plasticity of nickel-iron-based alloy - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for simultaneously improving strong plasticity of nickel-iron-based alloy Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 101000912561 Bos taurus Fibrinogen gamma-B chain Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 206010057040 Temperature intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008543 heat sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZMZREIADCOWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium cobalt nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Co].[Ni] SZMZREIADCOWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method for simultaneously improving the strong plasticity of a nickel-iron-based alloy, belonging to the technical field of metal materials. The basic composition of the alloy comprises: fe, Cr, Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, W, Ta, Si, Mn, Cu, C, B, Zr, and the balance Ni. The processing steps are as follows: heating the nickel-based alloy to 1120-; then, preserving the heat at 1010-1130 ℃ for 60min for solution treatment; after solid solution, carrying out special furnace cooling to cool the alloy material to 850-900 ℃, then preserving the heat for 30-60 min, then carrying out water quenching, and raising the temperature to 650-700 ℃ again; finally, the temperature is kept for 1 to 16 hours at 650 plus 700 ℃, and air cooling treatment is carried out. The invention can obtain better strong plasticity matching compared with the traditional single temperature aging heat treatment through the heat treatment process, simultaneously improve the strength and plasticity of the alloy, and can obtain different strong plasticity matching in a certain range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to a heat treatment method for simultaneously improving the strong plasticity of a nickel-iron-based alloy.
Background
Due to abundant domestic coal resources and special energy structures, coal electricity occupies an absolute share in the generated energy, and the coal electricity still occupies a dominant position in a long period of time in the future. Aiming at the urgent requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction at the present stage, the improvement of the steam temperature and the steam pressure of the ultra-supercritical unit based on the existing energy structure is the main direction of the improvement of the prior art, and thus, the extreme high performance requirements are provided for the service materials of the unit. Boiler superheater and reheater tubes are the parts with the worst external environment, and are required to bear the influence of multiple factors such as high-temperature creep, thermal fatigue, oxidation and high-temperature flue gas corrosion during service. The development of high-temperature alloy materials capable of meeting the use performance requirements of the high-parameter unit superheater/reheater tube has become an urgent problem to be solved in the thermal power generation industry.
Aiming at the materials for the machine set filter/reheater tube, the traditional heat-resistant steel can not meet the requirements, aiming at the high use temperature, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is mainly used IN Europe, America, Japan and other countries, such as American IN740H nickel-cobalt-chromium-based alloy, CCA617 and other nickel-based alloys, and aiming at the domestic requirements, the novel high-strength nickel-based high-temperature alloy is independently developed IN China. The heat treatment of nickel-base alloy is an important means for improving its comprehensive performance, and the common method is to keep the alloy at a temperature above the solid solution temperature for a period of time to ensure that the alloy is completely converted into gamma phase, then cool the alloy to room temperature, and then perform aging at a certain temperature to generally obtain uniform and compact precipitated phase, precipitate a large amount of dispersed gamma' strengthening phase, and the strengthening phase hinders the wrong movement, thereby achieving the purpose of strengthening. The structure morphology is regulated and controlled through heat treatment to obtain a relationship between strength and plasticity, the size of a precipitated phase is closely related to aging temperature for precipitation-strengthened titanium alloy, the precipitated size is small when the aging temperature is low, and the strength and the plasticity are poor; the size of the precipitated phase is larger at high aging temperature, and the strength and the plasticity are opposite to each other. I.e. an increase in strength with a decrease in plasticity or an increase in plasticity with a decrease in strength. Scientists have designed multi-scale structural materials while improving strong plasticity, but it should be pointed out that the above work requires the control of grain size by severe plastic deformation to achieve a multi-scale structure, and thus is generally used in low-strength alloys or metal materials. Severe plastic deformation is difficult for materials with higher strength, or the deformation depth is shallower during deformation, limiting the sample size. Meanwhile, the alloy is easy to deform and crack in the severe deformation process, so that the severe deformation process is not suitable for the alloy with higher strength.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, improve the alloy strong plasticity matching and ensure that the metal material is not cracked, the invention provides a heat treatment method for improving the strong plasticity of the nickel-iron-based alloy. The alloy can obtain high strength and high plasticity after heat treatment, the strength and plasticity of multi-scale structures are obviously improved compared with those of single-scale structures, and the strength is obviously improved on the premise of small improvement of plasticity. Meanwhile, the alloy has the advantages of simple process, small tissue heat sensitivity and the like in the hot working process.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a heat treatment method for simultaneously improving the strength and the plasticity of a nickel-iron base alloy comprises the following basic components in percentage by mass: fe: 20% -30%, Cr: 19 to 25 percent of Ni, 0.5 to 2.5 percent of Al, 1.0 to 2.5 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 2 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 2 percent of W, less than or equal to 1 percent of Ta, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Zr and the balance of Ni.
The further improvement of the invention is that the temperature is raised to 1120-1140 ℃ by heating, and the temperature raising speed is controlled to be 5-10 ℃/min.
The invention is further improved in that the steel is quenched by water after being kept at 1120-1140 ℃ for 30 min.
The invention is further improved in that the solution treatment is carried out after the temperature is kept between 1010 ℃ and 1030 ℃ for 60 min.
The further improvement of the invention is that the alloy material is cooled to 850-900 ℃ by special furnace cooling after solid solution, and then is kept warm for 30-60 min, and then is water quenched.
The invention is further improved in that the special furnace cooling comprises the step of directly placing the materials in the heat treatment furnace from the high-temperature heat treatment furnace into another low-temperature heat treatment furnace with the preset temperature.
The invention has the further improvement that the temperature is raised to 650-700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1-16h, and finally air cooling treatment is carried out.
The further improvement of the invention is that after the heat treatment is carried out on the ferronickel-based alloy material by adopting the ferronickel-based alloy multi-scale tissue heat treatment method, compared with the case of aging at the temperature, the strength and the plasticity of the ferronickel-based alloy material can be simultaneously improved.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the heat treatment method for simultaneously improving the strong plasticity of the nickel-iron base alloy, provided by the invention, through a high-temperature-low-temperature special furnace cooling double-aging process, after the alloy is subjected to solution treatment, a coarse gamma ' phase is obtained at a higher temperature through aging, then a fine gamma ' phase is obtained at a lower temperature through aging, a gamma ' precipitation phase with a double-peak scale is obtained in the nickel-iron base alloy, and the multi-scale structure design of the alloy is realized. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following characteristics:
(1) the structure after the two-step heat treatment comprises precipitated phases of two sizes, referred to herein as a multi-scale structure, as compared to a single temperature heat treatment to obtain a size structure.
(2) Compared with the relationship of strength and plasticity of the traditional heat treatment process, the alloy disclosed by the invention can simultaneously improve the strength and the plasticity of the alloy, and the strength is obviously improved on the premise of slightly improving the plasticity.
(3) The alloy of the invention has excellent room temperature mechanical property, simple process and heat treatment equipment, no need of special equipment, realization of large-scale production by utilizing the existing heat treatment equipment, and processing advantages of small tissue heat sensitivity and the like. Based on the characteristics, the alloy has great competitive advantages in producing discs, shaft forgings and fasteners.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a single temperature aged microstructure.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of a multi-scale structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1: the experimental material is smelted according to the following mixture ratio by mass percent of Fe: 20% -30%, Cr: 19 to 25 percent of Al, 0.5 to 2.5 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 2 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 2 percent of W, less than or equal to 1 percent of Ta, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Zr, and the balance of Ni. And homogenizing and hot rolling after casting to obtain a finished product.
The nickel-iron alloy is subjected to the heat treatment of the process, water quenching is carried out after solid solution is carried out for 30min at 1130 ℃, then heat preservation is carried out for 60min at 1020 ℃, then the nickel-iron alloy is directly transferred to another furnace at 850 ℃ for heat preservation for 30min and then water quenching is carried out, finally heat preservation is carried out for 16h at 700 ℃, the table 1 shows the room-temperature tensile property of the heat treatment of the embodiment, and good strong plasticity matching can be obtained for the nickel-iron base alloy treated by the heat treatment method of the invention from the table 1.
Table 1 example 1 room temperature tensile properties
| Sample numbering | Tensile strength/Mpa | Elongation after rupture/%) |
| Example 1 | 1204 | 34.1 |
Comparative example: the nickel alloy of the embodiment is subjected to the traditional two-step solid solution and single temperature aging, is subjected to water quenching after solid solution is carried out for 30min at 1130 ℃, is directly transferred to another furnace at 700 ℃ after heat preservation for 30min after heat preservation for 60min at 1020 ℃, and is then subjected to air cooling. FIG. 1 shows the SEM image of the treated tissue, and the precipitated phase size is about 100 nm.
Table 2 shows the room temperature tensile properties of the heat treatment of this example, and it can be seen by comparing with Table 1 that the tensile strength and plasticity of the Ni-Fe-based alloy treated by the heat treatment method of the present invention are superior to those of the conventional single temperature aging properties.
TABLE 2 comparative examples tensile Properties at Room temperature
| Sample numbering | Tensile strength/Mpa | Elongation after rupture/%) |
| Comparative example | 1126 | 30.5 |
Example 2: the heat treatment of the process is carried out on the nickel-iron alloy by adopting the method provided by the invention on the alloy in the embodiment 1, the solution is carried out for 30min at 1130 ℃, then the water quenching is carried out, the heat preservation is carried out for 60min at 1020 ℃, then the nickel-iron alloy is directly transferred to another furnace at 900 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 30min, then the water quenching is carried out, the heat preservation is finally carried out for 16h at 700 ℃, and the structure and the appearance after the heat treatment according to the embodiment are shown in figure 2. It is obvious from the structures before and after homogenization shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 that, after the treatment formulated by the present invention, unlike the single-temperature one-scale structure, two multi-scale structures with obvious size difference are obtained in this example, and table 3 is the heat treatment room temperature tensile property in this example, it can be seen from table 3 that the matching of strength and plasticity can be effectively adjusted within a certain range by using the heat treatment method with different parameters of the present invention.
Table 3 example 2 room temperature tensile properties
| Sample numbering | Tensile strength/Mpa | Elongation after rupture/%) |
| Example 2 | 1115 | 30.1 |
Example 3: the heat treatment of the process is carried out on the nickel-iron alloy by adopting the method provided by the invention on the alloy in the embodiment 1, the solution is carried out for 30min at 1130 ℃, then the water quenching is carried out, the heat preservation is carried out for 60min at 1020 ℃, then the nickel-iron alloy is directly transferred to another furnace at 850 ℃ for heat preservation for 30min, then the water quenching is carried out, finally the heat preservation is carried out for 1h at 700 ℃, and the table 4 is a comparison table of the heat treatment room-temperature tensile property of the embodiment, so that the matching of the strength and the plasticity can be effectively adjusted within a certain range by adopting the heat treatment method with different parameters in the invention as shown in the table 4.
Table 4 example 3 room temperature tensile properties
| Sample numbering | Tensile strength/Mpa | Elongation after rupture/%) |
| Example 3 | 1075 | 32.6 |
Example 4: the heat treatment of the process is carried out on the nickel-iron alloy by adopting the method provided by the invention on the alloy in the embodiment 1, the solution is carried out for 30min at 1130 ℃, then the water quenching is carried out, the heat preservation is carried out for 60min at 1020 ℃, then the nickel-iron alloy is directly transferred to another furnace at 900 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 30min, then the water quenching is carried out, finally the heat preservation is carried out for 1h at 700 ℃, and the table 5 is a comparison table of the heat treatment room-temperature tensile property of the embodiment, so that the matching of the strength and the plasticity can be effectively adjusted within a certain range by adopting the heat treatment method with different parameters in the invention as shown in the table 5.
Table 5 example 4 room temperature tensile properties
| Sample numbering | Tensile strength/Mpa | Elongation after rupture/%) |
| Example 5 | 1023 | 32.6 |
The above results show that: the ferronickel-based alloy treated by the method has good comprehensive mechanical properties. The alloy has the characteristics of high strength and high plasticity, and can effectively prevent internal stress due to no need of a quenching process and low starting temperature from air cooling, and is suitable for large alloy parts.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The heat treatment method for simultaneously improving the strength and the plasticity of the nickel-iron base alloy is characterized in that the high-strength nickel-base superalloy comprises the following basic components in percentage by mass: fe: 20% -30%, Cr: 19 to 25 percent of Ni, 0.5 to 2.5 percent of Al, 1.0 to 2.5 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 2 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 2 percent of W, less than or equal to 1 percent of Ta, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Zr and the balance of Ni, the heat treatment method comprises the steps of firstly heating the nickel-based high-strength high-temperature alloy, then carrying out heat preservation and water quenching, then carrying out intermediate solution treatment, then carrying out heat preservation and water quenching after special furnace cooling, and finally carrying out air cooling treatment to room temperature;
heating to 1120-1140 ℃, and controlling the heating speed to 5-10 ℃/min;
performing water quenching after heat preservation for 30min at the temperature of 1120 and 1140 ℃;
then, preserving the heat at 1010-1030 ℃ for 60min for solution treatment;
after solid solution, carrying out special furnace cooling to cool the alloy material to 850-900 ℃, preserving the heat for 30-60 min, and then carrying out water quenching, wherein the special furnace cooling comprises directly placing the material in a heat treatment furnace from a high-temperature heat treatment furnace into another low-temperature heat treatment furnace with a preset temperature;
after water quenching, the temperature is raised to 650-700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1-16h, and finally air cooling treatment is carried out.
2. The heat treatment method for simultaneously improving the strong plasticity of the nife-based alloy according to claim 1, wherein after the heat treatment is carried out on the nife-based alloy material by the heat treatment method for the multi-scale structure of the nife-based alloy, the strength and the plasticity of the nife-based alloy material can be simultaneously improved compared with the single-temperature aging.
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