CN114409515B - Preparation method of gem-difluoroolefin compound - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a gem-difluoroolefin compound, which comprises the step of carrying out hydrogenation defluorination reaction on a trifluoromethyl olefin compound in a solvent under the action of diphenyl phosphine oxide and cesium carbonate to obtain the gem-difluoroolefin compound. The method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance and good regioselectivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic compound synthesis, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a geminal difluoroalkene compound.
Background
The geminal difluoroolefin has important function in the fields of medicines, agrochemicals and material science, has the reaction performance similar to that of carbonyl, and can improve the biological activity, metabolic stability and lipophilicity of organic molecules. Moreover, gem-difluoroalkenyl groups can be conveniently converted to monofluoroalkenyl, difluoroalkyl, trifluoromethyl and a variety of other fluorine-containing structures. Therefore, in recent years, efficient synthesis of geminal difluoroolefins has received much attention.
In general, the compounds can be prepared from carbonyl compounds via classical reactions including Wittig, horner-Wadsworth-Emmons, and the like. However, these methods generally need to be performed under strongly alkaline conditions and the substrate range is relatively limited. Therefore, it is a problem to be further sought to develop a reaction system having mild reaction conditions and a wide substrate tolerance.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made keeping in mind the above problems and/or problems occurring in the prior art.
One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a novel method for promoting the hydrogenation and defluorination of trifluoromethyl olefin by diphenyl phosphine oxide and water, wherein the chemical formula of the reaction is as follows:
in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a geminal difluoroalkene compound comprises the following steps,
carrying out hydrogenation defluorination reaction on a trifluoromethyl olefin compound shown in a formula I in a solvent under the action of diphenyl phosphine oxide and cesium carbonate to obtain a compound shown in a formula II;
wherein R is 1 、R 2 One selected from halogen substituted phenyl, methyl substituted phenyl, methoxy substituted phenyl, cyano substituted phenyl, nitro substituted phenyl, trifluoromethyl substituted phenyl, ester substituted phenyl, naphthyl, thiophene, methyl, biphenyl and styryl. Wherein, the halogen substituted phenyl comprises one of fluorophenyl, chlorphenyl, bromophenyl and iodophenyl.
As a preferred embodiment of the process for the preparation of the geminal difluoroolefin compound of the invention, wherein: the molar ratio of the trifluoromethyl olefin compound to the diphenyl phosphine oxide is 1:2 to 3.
As a preferred embodiment of the process for the preparation of the geminal difluoroolefin compound of the invention, wherein: the molar ratio of the trifluoromethyl olefin compound to the cesium carbonate is 1:2 to 3.
As a preferred embodiment of the process for the preparation of the geminal difluoroolefin compound of the invention, wherein: the solvent comprises one of dichloroethane, ethyl acetate, nitromethane, N-methylpyrrolidone and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
As a preferred embodiment of the process for the preparation of the geminal difluoroolefin compound of the invention, wherein: the solvent is ethyl acetate.
As a preferred embodiment of the process for the preparation of the geminal difluoroolefin compound of the invention, wherein: the method also comprises the step of adding a reaction promoter, wherein the reaction promoter is water.
As a preferred embodiment of the process for the preparation of the geminal difluoroolefin compound of the invention, wherein: the equivalent weight of water is less than 20.
As a preferred embodiment of the process for the preparation of the geminal difluoroolefin compound of the invention, wherein: the equivalent weight of water is 5.
As a preferred embodiment of the process for the preparation of the geminal difluoroolefin compound of the invention, wherein: the hydrogenation defluorination reaction is carried out, and the reaction temperature is 70 ℃.
As a preferred embodiment of the process for the preparation of the geminal difluoroolefin compound of the invention, wherein: the hydrogenation defluorination reaction is carried out for 25-360 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for generating a series of gem-difluoroolefin compounds by a hydrogenation defluorination reaction of trifluoromethyl olefin compounds in ethyl acetate under a metal-free condition by using diphenyl phosphine oxide as a reducing agent, cesium carbonate as a base and water as an additive; the reaction condition is mild, the functional group tolerance is good, and the regioselectivity is good.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a hydrogen spectrum of the target product 4,4-difluoro-1,3-diphenyl-3-buten-1-one of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a fluorine spectrum of the target product 4,4-difluoro-1,3-diphenyl-3-buten-1-one of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a carbon spectrum of the target product 4,4-difluoro-1,3-diphenyl-3-buten-1-one of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a hydrogen spectrum of the desired product, 1- (4-bromophenyl) -4,4-difluoro-3-phenyl-3-buten-1-one, of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plot of the fluorine spectrum of the desired product, 1- (4-bromophenyl) -4,4-difluoro-3-phenyl-3-buten-1-one, of example 2 of this invention;
FIG. 6 is a carbon spectrum of the desired product, 1- (4-bromophenyl) -4,4-difluoro-3-phenyl-3-buten-1-one, of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a hydrogen spectrum of the target product 4,4-difluoro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-3-buten-1-one of example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a fluorine spectrum of the target product 4,4-difluoro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-3-buten-1-one of example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a carbon spectrum of the target product 4,4-difluoro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-3-buten-1-one of example 3 of this invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below with reference to examples of the specification.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, the references herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1
(1) To a 10mL Schlenk tube were added in sequence (E) -4,4,4-trifluoro-1,3-diphenyl-2-buten-1-one (82.9mg, 0.3mmol, 1.0equiv.), ethyl acetate (3.5 mL), water (27.0mg, 1.5mmol, 5.0equiv.), diphenyl phosphine oxide (151.6mg, 0.75mmol, 2.5equiv.), cesium carbonate (195.5mg, 0.6mmol, 2.5equiv.), and the reaction mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere.
(2) After the reaction in the step (1) is finished, saturated NH is used 4 The Cl solution was quenched and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL. Times.3); the combined organic phases were washed successively with saturated brine (20 mL) and driedDrying over sodium sulfate and concentrating in vacuo to obtain the crude product; the crude product is purified by a silica gel column chromatography, and the column chromatography separation conditions are as follows: the stationary phase is silica gel powder with 300-400 meshes, the mobile phase is ethyl acetate (A) and petroleum ether (B), and the mobile phase change program (A: B) is 0:1 → 1:100 to finally obtain 67.5mg of a target product 4,4-difluoro-1,3-diphenyl-3-butene-1-ketone, wherein the structural formula of the compound is as follows:
the above 4,4-difluoro-1,3-diphenyl-3-buten-1-one was characterized as shown in figures 1,2 and 3 with the results: a white solid; 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ8.02-7.05(m,2H),7.63-7.56(m,1H),7.52-7.45(m,2H),7.37-7.31(m,4H),7.30-7.22(m,1H),4.08(t,J＝2.2Hz,2H)ppm. 19 F NMR(376MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ-87.93(d,J＝37.2Hz,1F),-89.08(d,J＝37.3Hz,1F)ppm. 13 C NMR(100MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ195.3(t,J C-F ＝2.7Hz),154.7(dd,J C-F ＝292.4,288.0Hz),136.2,133.4,128.7,128.5,128.1,128.0(t,J C-F ＝3.6Hz),127.4,87.1(dd,J C-F ＝21.7,17.3Hz),38.3(d,J C-F ＝2.4Hz)ppm.HRMS(m/z):calcd for C 16 H 13 F 2 O[M+H] + 259.0929,found:259.0934.
according to the characterization data, the obtained reaction product 4,4-difluoro-1,3-diphenyl-3-butene-1-ketone (purity is more than 98%); the product yield was calculated to be 87%.
Example 2
(1) To a 10mL Schlenk tube were added in this order (E) -1- (4-bromophenyl) -4,4,4-trifluoro-3-phenyl-2-buten-1-one (106.5mg, 0.3mmol, 1.0equv.), ethyl acetate (3.5 mL), water (27.0mg, 1.5mmol, 5.0equv.), diphenylphosphine (151.6mg, 0.75mmol, 2.5equv.), cesium carbonate (195.5mg, 0.6mmol, 2.0equv.), and the reaction mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere.
(2) After the reaction in the step (1) is finished, saturated NH is used 4 The Cl solution was quenched and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL. Times.3); mergingThe organic phase was washed with saturated brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product; the crude product is purified by a silica gel column chromatography, and the column chromatography separation conditions are as follows: the stationary phase is silica gel powder with 300-400 meshes, the mobile phase is ethyl acetate (A) and petroleum ether (B), and the mobile phase change program (A: B) is 0:1 → 1:100, and finally obtaining 85.2mg of a target product 1- (4-bromophenyl) -4,4-difluoro-3-phenyl-3-butene-1-ketone, wherein the structural formula of the compound is as follows:
characterization of the above 1- (4-bromophenyl) -4,4-difluoro-3-phenyl-3-buten-1-one, as shown in figures 4,5 and 6, resulted in: a white solid; 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.84-7.78(m,2H),7.63-7.56(m,2H),7.36-7.27(m,4H),7.26-7.21(m,1H)4.01(t,J＝2.2Hz,2H)ppm. 19 F NMR(376MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ-87.71(d,J＝35.9Hz,1F),-88.74(d,J＝36.0Hz,1F)ppm. 13 C NMR(100MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ194.4(t,J C-F ＝2.7Hz),154.7(dd,J C-F ＝292.6,288.3Hz),134.9,133.2(t,J C-F ＝4.1Hz),132.0,129.6,128.6,128.5,127.9(t,J C-F ＝3.4Hz),127.5,87.0(dd,J C-F ＝21.7,17.8Hz),38.3(d,J C-F ＝2.4Hz)ppm.HRMS(m/z):calcd for C 16 H 12 BrF 2 O[M+H] + 337.0034,found:337.0036.
according to characterization data, the reaction product 1- (4-bromophenyl) -4,4-difluoro-3-phenyl-3-buten-1-one (purity > 98%) is obtained; the product yield was calculated to be 84%.
Example 3
(1) To a 10mL Schlenk tube were added in this order (E) -4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-buten-1-one (64.3mg, 0.3mmol, 1.0equ.), ethyl acetate (3.5 mL), water (27.0mg, 1.5mmol, 5.0equ.), diphenylphosphine (151.6mg, 0.75mmol, 2.5equ.), cesium carbonate (195.5mg, 0.6mmol, 2.0equ.), and the reaction mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere.
(2) In step (1)After the reaction is finished, saturated NH is used 4 The Cl solution was quenched and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL. Times.3); the combined organic phases were washed with saturated brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product; the crude product is purified by a silica gel column chromatography, and the column chromatography separation conditions are as follows: the stationary phase is silica gel powder with 300-400 meshes, the mobile phase is ethyl acetate (A) and petroleum ether (B), and the mobile phase change program (A: B) is 0:1 → 1:100 to finally obtain 14.7mg of a target product 4,4-difluoro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-3-buten-1-one, wherein the structural formula of the compound is as follows:
characterization of 4,4-difluoro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-3-buten-1-one as described above, as shown in figures 7,8 and 9, resulted in: a colorless oily liquid; 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.99-7.94(m,2H),7.62-7.56(m,1H),7.52-7.45(m,2H),3.64(t,J＝1.9Hz,2H),1.65(t,J＝3.2Hz,3H)ppm. 19 F NMR(376MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ-94.06(d,J＝55.2Hz,1F),-94.41(d,J＝53.7Hz,1F)ppm. 13 C NMR(100MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ196.3(t,J C-F ＝2.7Hz),153.7(dd,J C-F ＝281.6,280.2Hz),136.3,133.4,128.1,128.1,80.5(dd,J C-F ＝22.9,19.0Hz),38.3(d,J C-F ＝2.9Hz),12.6ppm.HRMS(m/z):calcd for C 18 H 14 F 2 NO 2 [M+H] + 197.0772,found:197.0778.
according to the characterization data, the reaction product 4,4-difluoro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-3-butene-1-one (purity > 98%) is obtained; the product yield was calculated to be 25%.
Example 4
Example 4 is essentially the same as example 1, except that in step (1), the reducing agent is different and no reaction promoter water is used, as shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
| Reducing agent | Yield (%) |
| Diphenylphosphine oxide | 62 |
| Phenylphosphonic |
0 |
| Phosphorous |
0 |
| |
0 |
| |
0 |
| |
0 |
As can be seen from table 1, under the same reaction conditions, reducing agents were used, such as: synthesizing 4,4-difluoro-1,3-diphenyl-3-butene-1-one by ethyl phenylphosphonate, diethyl phosphite, phenylsilane, dimethylphenylsilane or lithium aluminum hydride, wherein the yield is lower; when diphenylphosphineoxide was used as the reducing agent, the reaction yield was 62%.
Example 5
Example 5 is essentially the same as example 1, except that in step (1), the base is different and no reaction promoter water is used, as shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
| Alkali | Yield (%) |
| Cesium carbonate | 62 |
| |
0 |
| |
0 |
| |
0 |
| |
0 |
| |
0 |
| |
0 |
| |
0 |
| |
0 |
As can be seen from table 2, under the same reaction conditions, a base is used, such as: lithium hydroxide, potassium phosphate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, triethylamine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, triethylene Diamine (DABCO), the yield is low; when cesium carbonate was used as a base, the reaction yield was 62%.
Example 6
Example 6 is essentially the same as example 1, except that in step (1), the equivalent amount of reaction promoter water added is different, as shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3
As can be seen from table 3, under the same reaction conditions, the equivalent of additive water is used, such as: 0. 10 and 20 equivalents, the yield is low; when 5 equivalents of water were used as an additive, the reaction yield was 87%.
Example 7
Example 7 is essentially the same as example 1, except that in step (1), the reaction solvent is different and no reaction promoter water is used, as shown in table 4 below:
TABLE 4
| Reaction solvent | Yield (%) |
| DCE | 56 |
| MeCN | 4 |
| |
0 |
| |
0 |
| |
0 |
| EtOAc | 62 |
| |
25 |
| |
10 |
| |
10 |
As can be seen from table 4, under the same reaction conditions, solvents were used, such as: 1,2-dichloroethane, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide, ethanol, nitromethane, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-dimethylacetamide, in low yields; the reaction yield was 62% when ethyl acetate was used as the solvent.
Example 8
Example 8 is essentially the same as example 1, except that in step (1), the trifluoromethylolefin compound is different and the target product is specifically obtained as shown in table 5 below:
TABLE 5
The invention provides a method for generating a series of gem-difluoroolefin compounds by a hydrogenation defluorination reaction of trifluoromethyl olefin compounds in ethyl acetate under a metal-free condition by using diphenyl phosphine oxide as a reducing agent, cesium carbonate as a base and water as an additive; the reaction condition is mild, the functional group tolerance is good, and the regioselectivity is good.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A process for the preparation of a geminal difluoroalkene compound, characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
carrying out hydrogenation defluorination on a trifluoromethyl olefin compound shown in a formula I in a solvent under the action of diphenyl phosphine oxide and cesium carbonate to obtain a compound shown in a formula II;
wherein R is 1 、R 2 One selected from halogen substituted phenyl, methyl substituted phenyl, methoxy substituted phenyl, cyano substituted phenyl, nitro substituted phenyl, trifluoromethyl substituted phenyl, ester substituted phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, methyl, biphenyl and styryl;
the solvent is one selected from dichloroethane, ethyl acetate, nitromethane, N-methylpyrrolidone and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
2. A process for the preparation of a geminal difluoroalkene compound according to claim 1, wherein: the molar ratio of the trifluoromethyl olefin compound to the diphenyl phosphine oxide is 1:2~3.
3. A process for the preparation of a geminal difluoroalkene compound according to claim 1, wherein: the molar ratio of the trifluoromethyl olefin compound to the cesium carbonate is 1:2~3.
4. A process for the preparation of a geminal difluoroalkene compound according to claim 1, wherein: the solvent is ethyl acetate.
5. The process for preparing a geminal difluoroolefin compound of any of claim 1~4, wherein: the method also comprises the step of adding a reaction promoter, wherein the reaction promoter is water.
6. A process for the preparation of a geminal difluoroalkene compound according to claim 5, wherein: the equivalent weight of water is less than 20.
7. A process for the preparation of a geminal difluoroalkene compound according to claim 6, wherein: the equivalent weight of water is 5.
8. The process for the preparation of a geminal difluoroolefin compound according to any one of claims 1~4, 6 or 7, wherein: the hydrogenation defluorination reaction is carried out, and the reaction temperature is 70 ℃.
9. A process for the preparation of a geminal difluoroalkene compound according to claim 8, wherein: and carrying out the hydrodefluorination reaction for 25 to 360min.
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