CN114409003A - Solar-driven salt extraction evaporator - Google Patents

Solar-driven salt extraction evaporator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114409003A
CN114409003A CN202210111615.6A CN202210111615A CN114409003A CN 114409003 A CN114409003 A CN 114409003A CN 202210111615 A CN202210111615 A CN 202210111615A CN 114409003 A CN114409003 A CN 114409003A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
solar
water
absorber
salt extraction
evaporator
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Pending
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CN202210111615.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
楚家玉
于桢
冯乐军
宋金刚
王择颖
翟子锋
陈逸飞
刘湘虹
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Dongguan University of Technology
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Dongguan University of Technology
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Priority to CN202210111615.6A priority Critical patent/CN114409003A/en
Publication of CN114409003A publication Critical patent/CN114409003A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D3/04—Chlorides
    • C01D3/06—Preparation by working up brines; seawater or spent lyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/043—Details
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F2001/5218—Crystallization
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar-driven salt extraction evaporator, and relates to the field of photo-thermal conversion. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of poor stability and low photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the conventional evaporator. The evaporator comprises an absorber, a water channel, a heat insulation layer and a water storage device, wherein the absorber covers above the water storage device, the heat insulation layer is arranged between the liquid level of the water storage device and the absorber, the water channel is arranged in the water storage device, and the water channel penetrates through the heat insulation layer and the absorber. According to the unidirectional brine flow structure provided by the invention, salt crystals appear at the edge, and finally, stable desalting performance is presented. The invention is used for salt extraction.

Description

Solar-driven salt extraction evaporator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photo-thermal conversion, in particular to a solar-driven salt extraction device.
Background
With the development of economy and population increase, the demand of human beings on water resources is continuously increased, and the problems of shortage of fresh water resources and energy sources are faced. The 71 percent of the earth surface is covered by the ocean, but the seawater can not be directly drunk, and the solar energy is taken as a renewable energy source, so that the solar-thermal evaporation seawater desalination by utilizing clean and efficient solar energy is of great interest. The solar water purifier is one device for purifying salt water and sea water into fresh water. The traditional solar distillation technology has unnecessary water body heating, most energy is radiated in other modes in the temperature rising process, and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency is low.
Interfacial solar evaporation is one of the most promising methods for achieving efficient solar desalination of seawater. However, stable and efficient evaporation in brine remains a challenge. Over the past few years, intermittent salt build-up has been a common means of improving evaporator stability. The salt accumulated under the sun radiation can dissolve back into a large amount of salt water in the dark under the action of concentration difference. By controlling the evaporation time under solar irradiation and the dissolution time in the dark, stable desalination can be easily achieved. This method, while capable of stable desalination, can bring about serious salt contamination. In contrast, controlling salt to appear at a given location rather than the entire evaporation surface is a more meaningful strategy to achieve stable water collection and salt collection consistent with the concept of zero liquid discharge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a solar-driven salt extraction evaporator, aiming at solving the technical problems of poor stability and low photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the existing evaporator.
A solar powered salt extraction evaporator comprising an absorber, a water passage, a thermally insulating layer and a water reservoir, wherein the absorber overlies the water reservoir, the thermally insulating layer is disposed between the water reservoir level and the absorber, the water passage is disposed within the water reservoir, and the water passage passes through the thermally insulating layer and the absorber;
furthermore, the material of the absorber is glass fiber coated with polypyrrole. The coating method adopts a dipping mode.
Further, the length-diameter ratio of the glass fiber is 100: 1.
Furthermore, the water channel material is the cotton thread, and the diameter is 5 mm.
Further, one or more water channels are provided.
Furthermore, when a plurality of water channels are arranged in the water storage device, the water channels are converged together on the liquid surface and then penetrate through the heat insulation layer and the absorber.
Further, the water passage passes through the center of the bottom surface of the absorber.
Furthermore, the heat insulation layer is made of polystyrene foam.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a solar-driven salt extraction evaporator, the stable desalination performance of which benefits from a delicate unidirectional saline flow evaporation structure, wherein polypyrrole-coated glass fiber is used as an absorber, a saline inlet is positioned at the center of PPy-GF, the device is provided with a cotton thread water channel, saline can only flow along a fixed direction, the glass fiber is utilized to generate a water absorption effect on the water channel, the point at the edge of PPy-GF has higher salinity, and the saturation is achieved firstly along with the saline evaporation rate, so that the edge preferentially appears a salt crystallization behavior. When the gravity of the salt crystal is larger than the acting force between the salt crystal and the PPy-GF, the salt crystal growing on the edge of the PPy-GF falls down, and finally, the phenomenon of co-generation of steam and salt is presented. The process was studied using COMSOL software, and according to the calculations, the salinity of the inlet was lower, with higher salinity at points further from the inlet; finally, the edges reached saturation, while the rest of the absorber showed low salinity, consistent with the experimental results and explanations. Therefore, the unidirectional brine flow structure provided by the invention has the advantage that salt crystals appear at the edge, and finally stable desalting performance is presented.
The PPy-GF solar evaporator is proved to show more stable desalting performance in brine. The PPy-GF-based solar salt-extracting evaporator has the desalting performance in saline water with different salinity under 1 sun. The evaporator achieved 1.17kg m of NaCl solution in 3.5 wt%, 10.0 wt% and 18.0 wt%, respectively-2h-1、1.15kg m-2h-1And 0.97kg m-2h-1Stable evaporation rate of (2).
The invention is used for salt extraction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar powered salt extraction evaporator according to one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a graph of UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of polypyrrole coated glass fibers (PPy-GF) and Glass Fibers (GF) of one example, where a represents PPy-GF and b represents GF;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of the evaporation rates of pure water under 1sun light intensity irradiation according to the first and second embodiments, wherein ≧ represents the first embodiment, and ● represents the second embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change in the evaporation rate of a 10.0 wt% NaCl solution under irradiation of 1sun light intensity and photographs of the initial absorber surface and the 9h absorber surface in example one;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in the evaporation rate of a 10.0 wt% NaCl solution under irradiation of 1sun light intensity and photographs of the initial absorber surface and the 9h absorber surface in example two;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in the evaporation rate of 10.0 wt% NaCl solution under 0.5sun light irradiation and photographs of the absorber surface at 1h, the absorber surface at 5h, and the absorber surface at 9h in example I;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change in the evaporation rate of 10.0 wt% NaCl solution under irradiation of 1sun light intensity and photographs of the absorber surface at 1h, the absorber surface at 3h and the absorber surface at 9h in example I;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change in the evaporation rate of a 10.0 wt% NaCl solution under 2sun light irradiation and photographs of the absorber surface at 1h, the absorber surface at 2h, and the absorber surface at 9h in example I;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the change in the evaporation rate of 3.5 wt% NaCl solution under irradiation of 1sun light intensity and photographs of the absorber surface at 1h, the absorber surface at 4h and the absorber surface at 9h in example I;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the change in the evaporation rate of 10.0 wt% NaCl solution under irradiation of 1sun light intensity and photographs of the absorber surface at 1h, the absorber surface at 3h and the absorber surface at 9h in example one;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the change in the evaporation rate of the 18.0 wt% NaCl solution under irradiation of 1sun light intensity and photographs of the absorber surface at 1h, the absorber surface at 2h, and the absorber surface at 9h in example I;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a solar powered salt extraction evaporator according to the third embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: this embodiment is a solar-powered salt-extraction evaporator comprising an absorbent body 2, a water channel 4, a thermal insulation layer 3 and a water reservoir 1, wherein the absorbent body 2 is covered above the water reservoir 1, the thermal insulation layer 3 is arranged between the water reservoir liquid level and the absorbent body 2, the water channel 4 is arranged inside the water reservoir 1, and the water channel 4 passes through the thermal insulation layer 3 and the absorbent body 2.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the material of the absorber 2 is glass fiber coated with polypyrrole. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the diameter of the absorption body 2 is 6 cm. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the length-diameter ratio of the glass fiber is 100: 1. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the water channel 4 is made of cotton threads and has the diameter of 5 mm. The other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: one or more water channels 4 are provided. The other is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: when a plurality of water channels 4 are arranged in the water storage device, the water channels 4 are converged together on the liquid surface and then pass through the heat insulation layer 3 and the absorption body 2. The other is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the water passage 4 passes through the center of the bottom surface of the absorbent body 2. The other is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: the heat insulation layer 3 is made of polystyrene foam. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: the thickness of insulating layer is 8 ~ 30 mm. The other is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the present embodiment is a solar powered salt extraction evaporator comprising an absorbent body 2, a water channel 4, a thermal insulation layer 3 and a water reservoir 1, wherein the absorbent body 2 is covered above the water reservoir 1, the thermal insulation layer 3 is arranged between the water reservoir liquid level and the absorbent body 2, the water channel 4 is arranged inside the water reservoir 1, and the water channel 4 passes through the thermal insulation layer 3 and the absorbent body 2;
the material of the absorber is glass fiber coated with polypyrrole. The diameter of the absorber was 6 cm.
The length-diameter ratio of the glass fiber is 100: 1.
The water channel material is cotton thread, and the diameter is 5 mm.
A water passage is provided, which passes through the center of the bottom surface of the absorbent body.
The heat insulation layer is made of polystyrene foam. The diameter of the thermal insulation layer is 4 cm.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar powered salt extraction evaporator according to one embodiment.
Example two:
the present embodiment is a solar powered salt extraction evaporator comprising an absorbent body 2, a water channel 4, a thermal insulation layer 3 and a water reservoir 1, wherein the absorbent body 2 is covered above the water reservoir 1, the thermal insulation layer 3 is arranged between the water reservoir liquid level and the absorbent body 2, the water channel 4 is arranged inside the water reservoir 1, and the water channel 4 passes through the thermal insulation layer 3 and the absorbent body 2;
the material of the absorber is glass fiber coated with polypyrrole. The diameter of the absorber was 6 cm.
The length-diameter ratio of the glass fiber is 100: 1.
The water channel material is cotton thread, and the diameter is 5 mm.
2 water channels are arranged, and the two water channels respectively penetrate through the heat insulation layer and the absorber from two symmetrical points.
The heat insulation layer is made of polystyrene foam. The diameter of the thermal insulation layer is 4 cm.
Example three:
the present embodiment is a solar powered salt extraction evaporator comprising an absorbent body 2, a water channel 4, a thermal insulation layer 3 and a water reservoir 1, wherein the absorbent body 2 is covered above the water reservoir 1, the thermal insulation layer 3 is arranged between the water reservoir liquid level and the absorbent body 2, the water channel 4 is arranged inside the water reservoir 1, and the water channel 4 passes through the thermal insulation layer 3 and the absorbent body 2;
the material of the absorber is glass fiber coated with polypyrrole. The diameter of the absorber was 6 cm.
The length-diameter ratio of the glass fiber is 100: 1.
The water channel material is cotton thread, and the diameter is 5 mm.
Two water channels are arranged, and the water channels penetrate through the center of the bottom surface of the absorption body. The two water channels 4 in the water storage device are converged together on the liquid surface and then pass through the heat insulation layer 3 and the absorption body 2.
The heat insulation layer is made of polystyrene foam. The diameter of the thermal insulation layer is 4 cm.
The salt extraction evaporators described in examples one and two were tested under xenon lamp illumination.
FIG. 2 is a graph of UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of polypyrrole coated glass fibers (PPy-GF) and Glass Fibers (GF) of the absorber described in example one, which illustrates that PPy-GF absorbs sunlight much more than GF.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the evaporation rate of pure water under irradiation of light intensity of 1sun in the first and second examples. As can be seen from the figures, the evaporation rates of the two solar evaporators in pure water are similar, but the subsequent experimental results demonstrate that the example solar evaporator exhibits more stable desalination performance in salt water.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change of the evaporation rate of 10.0 wt% NaCl solution under 1sun light irradiation and photographs of the initial absorber surface and the 9h absorber surface in the example, and the evaporation rate of the PPy-GF solar evaporator in 10.0 wt% NaCl solution can be stabilized at 1.15kg m after 9 hours of xenon lamp 1sun light irradiation-2h-1And the edges of PPy-GF gradually appeared as salt crystals.
In contrast, FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change of the evaporation rate of 10.0 wt% NaCl solution under 1sun light intensity irradiation and photographs of the initial absorber surface and the absorber surface for 9h in example II, wherein the evaporation rate of the solar evaporator is 1.20kg m after the solar evaporator is operated for 9h under 1sun xenon lamp in 10.0 wt% NaCl solution-2h-1Down to 0.70kg m-2h-1And the salt crystals completely cover the surface of the PPy-GF, and the salt crystals cover the surface of the absorber, so that the evaporation rate of the PPy-GF of the absorber is reduced.
The stable desalination performance of a solar driven salt extraction evaporator is also related to the solar flux and brine concentration. The desalting performance of the PPy-GF solar evaporator in a 10.0 wt% NaCl solution was tested by FIGS. 6-8. The evaporator can realize 0.62kg m under 0.5sun, 1.0sun and 2.0sun respectively-2h-1、1.15kg m-2h-1And 1.81kg m-2h-1Stable evaporation rate of. Through the graphs of 9-11, the desalting performance of the solar salt extraction evaporator with PPy-GF in saline water with different salinity under 1sun is tested. The evaporator achieved 1.17kg m of NaCl solution in 3.5 wt%, 10.0 wt% and 18.0 wt%, respectively-2、1.15kg m-2And 0.97kg m-2h-1Stable evaporation rate of (2).

Claims (10)

1. A solar driven salt extraction evaporator, characterized in that it comprises an absorption body (2), a water channel (4), a thermal insulation layer (3) and a water reservoir (1), wherein the absorption body (2) is covered above the water reservoir (1), the thermal insulation layer (3) is arranged between the water reservoir liquid surface and the absorption body (2), the water channel (4) is arranged inside the water reservoir (1), and the water channel (4) passes through the thermal insulation layer (3) and the absorption body (2).
2. A solar-powered salt extraction evaporator as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the material of said absorber (2) is glass fibre coated with polypyrrole.
3. A solar-powered salt extraction evaporator according to claim 1, characterised in that the diameter of the absorption body (2) is 6 cm.
4. A solar powered salt extraction evaporator as claimed in claim 2 characterised in that the glass fibres have an aspect ratio of 100: 1.
5. A solar-powered salt extraction evaporator according to claim 1 characterised in that the water channels (4) are made of cotton thread with a diameter of 5 mm.
6. A solar-powered salt extraction evaporator according to claim 1, characterised in that one or more water channels (4) are provided.
7. A solar powered salt extraction evaporator as claimed in claim 6 characterised in that when a plurality of water channels (4) are provided within the reservoir, the water channels (4) converge together at the surface of the liquid and pass through the insulating layer (3) and the absorbent body (2).
8. A solar-powered salt extraction evaporator as claimed in claim 1 or 7, characterised in that the water channel (4) passes centrally in the lower side of the absorption body (2).
9. A solar-powered salt extraction evaporator as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the insulating layer (3) is of polystyrene foam.
10. A solar powered salt extraction evaporator as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the insulating layer is 8 to 30mm thick.
CN202210111615.6A 2022-01-29 2022-01-29 Solar-driven salt extraction evaporator Pending CN114409003A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN205717132U (en) * 2016-04-11 2016-11-23 南京纳清建筑科技有限公司 A kind of device producing steam based on photothermal deformation
US10183233B1 (en) * 2018-02-20 2019-01-22 King Saud University Solar desalination system
CN109292869A (en) * 2018-10-11 2019-02-01 浙江大学 Solar energy sea water desalination apparatus and application based on gas-liquid interface heating
CN110898451A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-03-24 北京工业大学 Method and device for efficient photo-thermal water evaporation
CN112791598A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-14 上海交通大学 Preparation method and application of glass fiber modified material with photo-thermal response

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN205717132U (en) * 2016-04-11 2016-11-23 南京纳清建筑科技有限公司 A kind of device producing steam based on photothermal deformation
US10183233B1 (en) * 2018-02-20 2019-01-22 King Saud University Solar desalination system
CN109292869A (en) * 2018-10-11 2019-02-01 浙江大学 Solar energy sea water desalination apparatus and application based on gas-liquid interface heating
CN110898451A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-03-24 北京工业大学 Method and device for efficient photo-thermal water evaporation
CN112791598A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-14 上海交通大学 Preparation method and application of glass fiber modified material with photo-thermal response

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