CN114407686A - 一种基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统 - Google Patents
一种基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114407686A CN114407686A CN202210133923.9A CN202210133923A CN114407686A CN 114407686 A CN114407686 A CN 114407686A CN 202210133923 A CN202210133923 A CN 202210133923A CN 114407686 A CN114407686 A CN 114407686A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- hydrogen
- gas
- power
- engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/32—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/71—Arrangement of fuel cells within vehicles specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,包括:液氨气化装置;氨气罐,其进气口与液氨气化装置的出气口连通;氨在线裂解制氢装置,其进气口与液氨气化装置的出气口连通;气体分离装置的进气口与氨在线裂解制氢装置的出气口连通;氢氨发动机的氨气进口与氨气罐的出气口连通,氢气入口与氢气出口连通;传动装置,其输入端选择性的与氢氨发动机的动力输出端连接或分离;氨固体氧化物燃料电池,其进气端与氨气罐的出气口连通;动力电池,其输入端连接氨固体氧化物燃料电池输出端;电机,其动力输入端连接动力电池的输出端和/或氨固体氧化物燃料电池的输出端;转矩耦合器,其输入端同时连接电机的输出端和传动装置的输出端。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于汽车动力系统技术领域,特别涉及一种基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统。
背景技术
2020年交通领域造成的碳排放量约占我国年碳排放量的10%,城市交通碳排放已经成为碳排放量增速最快的领域。在这种情况下,发展低碳汽车是我国乃至人类社会绿色发展的重大战略需求。因此,使用氨、氢等零碳燃料是目前汽车产业最为关注的核心技术之一。
纯氢在使用过程中存在储运和加注困难导致的高成本问题。氨作为氢的载体,存在燃烧时燃烧速度慢、点火能量高、可燃极限范围窄等缺陷。燃料电池的能量效率高,但其动态响应过程慢,难以满足频繁启停、急加减速和爬坡等极端工况下功率需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的缺陷,提供了一种氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,其采用氢氨发动机系统和氨固体氧化物燃料电池系统的混动结构,能够在不同工况下实现动力系统高效稳定工作。
本发明提供的技术方案为:
一种基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,包括:
液氨罐;
液氨气化装置,其进液口与所述液氨罐的出液口连通;
氨气罐,其进气口与所述液氨气化装置的出气口连通;
氨在线裂解制氢装置,其进气口与所述液氨气化装置的出气口连通;
气体分离装置,其设置有进气口、氨气出口、氢气出口和氮气出口;所述气体分离装置的进气口与所述氨在线裂解制氢装置的出气口连通;
其中,所述氨气出口与所述氨气罐的进气口连通;
氢氨发动机,其具有氨气进口和氢气进口,所述氨气进口与所述氨气罐的出气口连通,所述氢气入口与所述氢气出口连通;
传动装置,其输入端选择性的与所述氢氨发动机的动力输出端连接或分离;
氨固体氧化物燃料电池,其进气端与所述氨气罐的出气口连通;
动力电池,其输入端连接所述氨固体氧化物燃料电池的电能输出端;
电机,其动力输入端连接所述动力电池的输出端和/或所述氨固体氧化物燃料电池的电能输出端;
转矩耦合器,其动力输入端同时连接所述电机的动力输出端和所述传动装置的动力输出端,所述转矩耦合器的动力输出端将动力传输至汽车驱动系统。
优选的是,所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,还包括:
氨气SCR后处理装置,其入口与所述氢氨发动机的尾气出口和所述氨气罐的出气口同时连通。
优选的是,所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,还包括:
余热回收装置,其入口与所述氨气SCR后处理装置的出口相连通,所述余热回收装置的出口与氨在线裂解制氢装置连通,用于为所述氨在线裂解制氢装置供热。
优选的是,所述动力电池的输出端连接所述氨在线裂解制氢装置。
优选的是,所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,还包括:
DC/DC逆变器,其一端与所述氨固体氧化物燃料电池的电能输出端连接,另一端与所述动力电池和所述电机同时连接。
优选的是,所述传动装置的输入端与所述氢氨发动机的动力输出端之间设置有离合器。
优选的是,所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,还包括:
变速器,其连接所述转矩耦合器的动力输出端;以及
主减速器,其连接所述变速器。
优选的是,所述氮气出口与所述多元动力系统的外部环境连通。
优选的是,所述氢氨发动机的喷射方式为直喷或复合喷射。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,将氢作为氨的助燃剂,并使用氨固体氧化物燃料电池,结合氢氨发动机和氨固体氧化物燃料电池的优势,在启停、快速加减速、低速行驶和爬坡等工况以发动机为主要动力源,在常规工况下切换燃料电池系统为主要动力源,实现不同工况下整车的高效率稳定工作和近零排放。
本发明提供的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,使用氨在线裂解制取氢气,规避氢气储运和加注等问题;使用氨气在机内及后处理系统中催化还原氮氧化物,避免了传统车用SCR装置由于使用尿素造成的结晶、堵塞及在用符合性问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统的总体结构示意图。
图2为本发明所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统的控制过程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
如图1所示,本发明提供了一种基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,主要包括:液氨罐、液氨气化装置、氨气罐、氨在线裂解制氢装置、气体分离装置、氢氨发动机、氨气SCR后处理装置、氨固体氧化物燃料电池、余热回收装置、动力电池、DC/DC逆变器、电机、离合器、传动装置、转矩耦合器、变速器和主减速器。
液氨罐用于存储液氨,液氨气化装置的进液口与所述液氨罐的出液口连通,液氨气化装置将液氨转化为氨气。
氨在线裂解制氢装置的进气口与所述液氨气化装置的出气口连通,用于分解液氨气化装置中排出的氨气。氨在线裂解制氢装置排出的气体为氨气、氢气和氮气的混合气体。
气体分离装置具有一个入口和三个出口,气体分离装置的三个出口分别为:氨气出口、氢气出口和氮气出口。气体分离装置的进气口(入口)与氨在线裂解制氢装置的出气口相连通。氨在线裂解制氢装置排出的混合气体经气体分离装置的进气口进入气体分离装置后,在气体分离装置中被分离成氨气、氢气和氮气,并且分别通过氨气出口、氢气出口和氮气出口排出。其中,所述氮气出口与所述多元动力系统的外部环境连通,在气体分离装置中分离后的氮气经氮气出口排入空气中。
在本实施例中,氨气罐具有两个入口(第一进气口和第二进气口)和三个出口(第一出气口、第二出气口和第三出气口),第一进气口(入口)与液氨气化装置的出气口相连通,第二进气口(入口)与气体分离装置的氨气出口连通,气体分离装置将分离后的氨气加压后送入氨气罐。
氢氨发动机具有氨气进口和氢气进口,所述氨气进口与所述氨气罐的第一出口连通,所述氢气入口与所述气体分离装置的氢气出口连通。其中,氢氨发动机的喷射方式可采用直喷或复合喷射方式。
传动装置的输入端选择性的与所述氢氨发动机的动力输出端连接或分离。在本实施例中,传动装置的输入端与所述氢氨发动机的动力输出端之间设置有离合器,通过离合器实现传动装置的输入端与氢氨发动机的动力输出端的连接或分离。
氨固体氧化物燃料电池的进气端与所述氨气罐的第二出气口连通,氨固体氧化物燃料电池利用氨气产生电能。
氨固体氧化物燃料电池的电能输出端连接DC/DC逆变器的一端,DC/DC 逆变器的另一端与所述动力电池和所述电机同时连接。氨固体氧化物燃料电池产生的电能通过DC/DC逆变器以直流电形式储存在动力电池或进入电机,电机通过DC/DC逆变器输出直流电进行工作。同时,电机的动力输入端连接所述动力电池的输出端;动力电池的输出端连接所述氨在线裂解制氢装置,为所述氨在线裂解制氢装置提供电能。
转矩耦合器,其动力输入端同时连接所述电机的动力输出端和所述传动装置的动力输出端,所述转矩耦合器的动力输出端连接变速器,变速器连接主减速器。传动装置和电机以并联形式将能量供给到转矩耦合器,经变速器和主减速器使动力系统转矩匹配整车工作需求。
在本实施例中,氨气SCR后处理装置设置有两个入口和一个出口,第一个入口与所述氢氨发动机的尾气出口连通,第二个入口所述氨气罐的第三出气口连通。氢氨发动机燃烧产生的含氮氧化物尾气送入氨气SCR后处理装置,氨气罐提供的氨气还原尾气中氮氧化物,生成氮气和水。
氨气SCR后处理装置的出口与余热回收装置的入口相连通。余热回收装置的出口与氨在线裂解制氢装置相连通,利用发动机和燃料电池工作后产生气体的余热加热氨气。
下面结合具体工作流程对本发明提供的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统作进一步说明:
液氨罐中液氨通过液氨气化装置转化为氨气,一部分氨气进入氨气罐,另一部分氨气进入氨在线裂解制氢装置。氨在线裂解制氢装置将氨气裂解氮气和氢气,氨在线裂解制氢装置中排出的混合气体进入气体分离装置。气体分离装置将混合气分离为氮气、氨气和氢气。气体分离装置排出的氨气经加压进入氨气罐,氢气进入氢氨发动机,氮气排入大气。氨气罐中部分氨气经第一出气口进入氢氨发动机,经氢气助燃燃烧,其燃烧产物进入氨气SCR后处理装置;氨气罐的部分氨气经第三出气口进入氨气SCR后处理装置,还原燃烧产物中的氮氧化物,氨气SCR后处理装置中排出的气体进入余热回收装置入口。氢氨发动机产生的机械能通过离合器传递到传动装置。氨气罐中氨气经氨气罐的第二出气口进入氨固体氧化物燃料电池,产生的电能通过 DC/DC逆变器以直流电形式储存在动力电池或进入电机,动力电池同时输出电能给电机和氨裂解装置。传动装置和电机以并联形式将能量供给到转矩耦合器,经变速器和主减速器使动力系统转矩匹配整车工作需求。
本实施实例中,氢氨发动机采用直喷模式,氢燃料助燃氨燃料燃烧提供动力。燃料电池采用氨固体氧化物燃料电池,氨进入阳极,分解成氮气和氢气,氢质子穿过电解质层与阴极侧氧气反应生成水。氨气后处理SCR装置直接使用氨气还原氢氨发动机尾气中的氮氧化物。
在汽车冷起动时可使用氢氨发动机驱动,根据加速、减速、转弯、上下坡、停车等工况的需求给氨裂解装置供电,产生并分离出氢气,在氢氨发动机中将所产生氢气用于助燃氨气燃烧,在供给燃烧之外的剩余氨气一部分进入氨气后处理SCR装置还原氮氧化物,另一部分(氨气)进入氨固体氧化物燃料电池反应,转化为电能储存在动力电池。在常规转速工况下,以燃料电池系统为主要动力源,提高能量利用效率;在高转速大负荷工况下使用氢氨发动机为补充动力源,弥补燃料电池系统动力的不足。
在本实施例中,具体的控制思路如图2所示,在输入牵引功率指令和制动功率指令后,经过ECU计算得出指示功率P。对指示功率P进行判断,当指示功率P<0,则动力系统制动;当指示功率P>0时,动力系统进行牵引,并做出进一步判断。当指令功率P大于动力电池输出功率上限P2时,采用混合动力牵引;当指示功率在动力电池输出功率区间P1~P2之内时,采用电机牵引;当指示功率小于动力电池输出下限P1时,采用氢氨发动机牵引。采用电机系统时,要对动力电池电荷状态SOC进行进一步判断,当动力电池处于合理荷电状态区间20%~80%时,动力电池和燃料电池共同提供所需功率;当动力电池荷电高于80%时,动力电池放电,只使用动力电池输出所需功率;当动力电池荷电低于20%时,燃料电池输出所需功率,同时为动力电池充电。
仅采用氢氨发动机牵引时,氢氨发动机功率Pe为P,单独提供动力系统动力。
仅采用燃料电池系统牵引时,氢氨发动机功率Pe为0,动力电池SOC 低于20%,则燃料电池在提供动力系统所需功率P之外还对动力电池进行充电,动力电池充电功率Pbc为燃料电池额定功率P3-P;动力电池SOC高于80%,则燃料电池停止工作,燃料电池功率Pf=0,动力电池提供动力系统所需功率P;动力电池SOC在合理区间20%-80%时,燃料电池功率Pf和动力电池功率Pb的和为P。
采用混合动力系统时,氢氨发动机功率Pe为指示功率P-动力电池输出上限功率P2,动力电池SOC低于20%,则燃料电池在提供动力电池上限功率 P2之外还对动力电池进行充电,动力电池充电功率Pbc为燃料电池额定功率 P3-动力电池上限功率P2;动力电池SOC高于80%,则燃料电池停止工作,燃料电池功率Pf=0,动力电池提供动力系统上限功率P2;动力电池SOC在合理区间20%~80%时,燃料电池功率Pf和动力电池功率Pb的和为P2。
本发明提供的多元动力系统架构采用混合动力,同时使用氢氨发动机和燃料电池系统作为动力源,氢气随产随用,规避了氢的储运问题,简化了结构。该系统以氢氨燃料为基础,两种燃料优势互补,实现了零碳排放。使用氨气进行后处理,摆脱了传统后处理装置对尿素的依赖,实现了氮氧化物近零排放。该发明有效减少了化石燃料的使用,同时氨作为氢的载体供应链成熟、能量密度高、便于储运,具有广阔的应用前景。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。
Claims (9)
1.一种基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,其特征在于,包括:
液氨罐;
液氨气化装置,其进液口与所述液氨罐的出液口连通;
氨气罐,其进气口与所述液氨气化装置的出气口连通;
氨在线裂解制氢装置,其进气口与所述液氨气化装置的出气口连通;
气体分离装置,其设置有进气口、氨气出口、氢气出口和氮气出口;所述气体分离装置的进气口与所述氨在线裂解制氢装置的出气口连通;
其中,所述氨气出口与所述氨气罐的进气口连通;
氢氨发动机,其具有氨气进口和氢气进口,所述氨气进口与所述氨气罐的出气口连通,所述氢气入口与所述氢气出口连通;
传动装置,其输入端选择性的与所述氢氨发动机的动力输出端连接或分离;
氨固体氧化物燃料电池,其进气端与所述氨气罐的出气口连通;
动力电池,其输入端连接所述氨固体氧化物燃料电池的电能输出端;
电机,其动力输入端连接所述动力电池的输出端和/或所述氨固体氧化物燃料电池的电能输出端;
转矩耦合器,其动力输入端同时连接所述电机的动力输出端和所述传动装置的动力输出端,所述转矩耦合器的动力输出端将动力传输至汽车驱动系统。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,其特征在于,还包括:
氨气SCR后处理装置,其入口与所述氢氨发动机的尾气出口和所述氨气罐的出气口同时连通。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,其特征在于,还包括:
余热回收装置,其入口与所述氨气SCR后处理装置的出口相连通,所述余热回收装置的出口与氨在线裂解制氢装置连通,用于为所述氨在线裂解制氢装置供热。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,其特征在于,所述动力电池的输出端连接所述氨在线裂解制氢装置。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,其特征在于,还包括:
DC/DC逆变器,其一端与所述氨固体氧化物燃料电池的电能输出端连接,另一端与所述动力电池和所述电机同时连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,其特征在于,所述传动装置的输入端与所述氢氨发动机的动力输出端之间设置有离合器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,其特征在于,还包括:
变速器,其连接所述转矩耦合器的动力输出端;以及
主减速器,其连接所述变速器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,其特征在于,所述氮气出口与所述多元动力系统的外部环境连通。
9.根据权利要求8所述的基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统,其特征在于,所述氢氨发动机的喷射方式为直喷或复合喷射。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210133923.9A CN114407686A (zh) | 2022-02-14 | 2022-02-14 | 一种基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210133923.9A CN114407686A (zh) | 2022-02-14 | 2022-02-14 | 一种基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN114407686A true CN114407686A (zh) | 2022-04-29 |
Family
ID=81260845
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210133923.9A Pending CN114407686A (zh) | 2022-02-14 | 2022-02-14 | 一种基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN114407686A (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114776417A (zh) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-22 | 重庆凯瑞动力科技有限公司 | 一种氢-氨燃料发动机排气后处理系统 |
CN115217589A (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-10-21 | 中国船舶重工集团柴油机有限公司 | 一种船用氨发动机scr系统温度补偿系统及方法 |
CN115241507A (zh) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-25 | 天津大学 | 一种sofc-aice联合循环系统、控制方法及其应用 |
-
2022
- 2022-02-14 CN CN202210133923.9A patent/CN114407686A/zh active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114776417A (zh) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-22 | 重庆凯瑞动力科技有限公司 | 一种氢-氨燃料发动机排气后处理系统 |
CN114776417B (zh) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-12-19 | 重庆凯瑞动力科技有限公司 | 一种氢-氨燃料发动机排气后处理系统 |
CN115241507A (zh) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-25 | 天津大学 | 一种sofc-aice联合循环系统、控制方法及其应用 |
CN115217589A (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-10-21 | 中国船舶重工集团柴油机有限公司 | 一种船用氨发动机scr系统温度补偿系统及方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN108839577B (zh) | 一种氢燃料电池混联式混合动力系统及客车 | |
CN114407686A (zh) | 一种基于氢氨发动机和氨燃料电池的多元动力系统 | |
CN107499155B (zh) | 一种基于燃料电池和锂电池的混动车控制方法及控制系统 | |
CN101380887B (zh) | 含有驱动电机工作模式切换装置的混合动力轿车驱动系统 | |
CN114103620B (zh) | 氨氢融合燃料内燃机与燃料电池复合动力系统及控制方法 | |
CN100595085C (zh) | 插电式集成起动发电机混合动力轿车驱动系统 | |
CN100406289C (zh) | 串并联混联式混合动力系统 | |
CN104442345B (zh) | 混联式混合动力汽车动力总成系统及其功率分配控制方法 | |
CN202357902U (zh) | 燃料电池做车载增程式充电器的电动汽车动力系统 | |
CN110758708A (zh) | 一种舰船燃料电池混合推进系统和能量控制方法 | |
CN106515468A (zh) | 一种储能电车控制系统及具有该系统的电车 | |
CN101274594A (zh) | 轨道混合动力机车 | |
CN102114770B (zh) | 传动机构、混合动力驱动系统及该驱动系统的控制方法 | |
CN106585357A (zh) | 一种车载分布式能源供给系统 | |
CN205663534U (zh) | 醇‑氢‑电混合动力系统 | |
CN208324953U (zh) | 一种混合动力驱动的推土机 | |
CN105697198A (zh) | 醇-氢-电混合动力系统及其应用 | |
KR20070082399A (ko) | 하이브리드 전기자동차의 듀얼모드 동력전달장치 | |
CN217435499U (zh) | 一种新型汽车氨氢混合燃料动力系统 | |
CN206781517U (zh) | 一种车载分布式能源供给系统 | |
KR20070082398A (ko) | 하이브리드 전기자동차의 듀얼모드 동력전달장치 | |
CN208760439U (zh) | 一种纯电动车动力运行系统 | |
CN112550268A (zh) | 一种混联式混合动力汽车的动力系统控制方法 | |
CN111211342A (zh) | 一种车用氢燃料电池管理方法及系统 | |
CN201296160Y (zh) | 一种混合动力驱动系统 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |