CN114406160B - Double blind hole fan shaft integrated bidirectional extrusion near net forming process - Google Patents
Double blind hole fan shaft integrated bidirectional extrusion near net forming process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114406160B CN114406160B CN202111510880.3A CN202111510880A CN114406160B CN 114406160 B CN114406160 B CN 114406160B CN 202111510880 A CN202111510880 A CN 202111510880A CN 114406160 B CN114406160 B CN 114406160B
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- die
- blind hole
- extrusion
- blank
- lower die
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
Abstract
The application relates to a double-blind hole fan shaft integrated bidirectional extrusion near-net forming process, which comprises the steps of heating a blank once, utilizing a die to extrude forward to form a first blind hole and extruding backward to form a second blind hole. The beneficial effects of the application are as follows: the integral forging has the characteristics of integral heating by single fire and integral hollow integral forming, the integral deformation of the forging is fully and uniformly realized, the metal rheology is continuous along with the shape, the structure is compact, the surface quality is good, the integral streamline integrity, the stress uniformity and the structural performance consistency of the forging are greatly improved, the material utilization rate is high, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of engine fan shafts, in particular to a double-blind hole fan shaft integrated bidirectional extrusion near-net forming process.
Background
When the aviation turbofan engine fan shaft works, huge torque load is born, turbine power is transmitted to the fan to drive the large-size fan to rotate and generate thrust, the design development of the fan shaft of the aviation turbofan engine is faster, and the traditional engine fan shaft design is mostly of a gradual change drum-shaped structure, such as a CFM56 series engine and the like; the recent development is a closed bottle-shaped structure, and the fan shaft has the characteristics of unequal inner diameters, inner and outer variable cross sections, boss at the port of the outer wall, boss at the middle part of the inner wall and the like.
Before the process, the fan shaft forging is usually formed by adopting a combined die forging process, and the combined die forging process adopts solid forging, and is used for respectively carrying out free stem drawing process and die forging head forming, so that the process is simple, the equipment requirement is low, the operation is easy, but the problems of small forging deformation of the forging, uneven strain distribution, partial empty firing during multiple heating, poor structure uniformity, cutting off deformed structure streamline during forging processing, low material utilization rate and the like exist.
In recent years, an optimized process scheme is continuously adopted to try to solve the problems of split die forging, the application patent of the application C25 maraging steel fan shaft with the publication number of CN103350180A adopts a combined die forging process for forming, and the material utilization rate is low and the strain of each part is uneven; in the application patent with publication number CN 105057529A, namely a variable cross-section hollow shaft forging extrusion molding method, and the application patent with publication number CN 106862471A, namely a hollow extrusion C250 alloy steel long shaft forging molding method, a round hole blank is designed aiming at the design of a drum-shaped fan shaft structural forging, and the forging is molded by forward extrusion, and the forging has the characteristics of small interface difference and small deformation of the large head end of the forging.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the deformation amount and the overall deformation uniformity of each part of the fan shaft, the application provides an integrated bidirectional extrusion near-net forming process of a double-blind hole fan shaft.
The application provides a forging die for a double-blind-hole fusiform fan shaft, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the double-blind hole fan shaft integrated bidirectional extrusion near net forming process comprises the steps of heating a blank with one fire, and utilizing a die to forward extrude to form a first blind hole and reversely extrude to form a second blind hole.
By adopting the technical scheme: the two steps of heating by one fire are respectively adopting forward extrusion and backward extrusion to bidirectionally combine extrusion and integrally form. The fan shaft forging piece forming technology is heated by integral one fire, the deformation is fully and uniformly carried out, the formed forging piece has the characteristics of uniform and fine structure, complete streamline follow-up shape, near-net forming of the inner surface and the outer surface and the like, the uniformity and consistency of the integral structure of the fan shaft forging piece can be remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the rotation fatigue performance of the fan shaft part is improved.
Optionally, the mould includes the lower mould, with lower mould complex moulding-die and last mould, and first blind hole is formed by moulding-die and lower mould cooperation forward extrusion, and the second blind hole is formed by lower mould and last mould cooperation backward extrusion, wherein is provided with heating element in the lower mould, and the last mould is the extrusion pole structure that has the auxiliary needle ware, the bottom of lower mould is equipped with ascending first blind hole shaping pole.
By adopting the technical scheme: the blank is heated to a specific temperature and coated with a lubricating medium, the blank is extruded forward by a pressing die in a lower die cavity to form a first blind hole of a forging, the second step is replaced by an upper die, the blank is extruded backwards in the downward moving process of the upper die to form a second blind hole of the forging, and the heating assembly is arranged in the lower die to keep a certain temperature in the die cavity of the lower die, so that the blank is easier to deform uniformly in the process of extruding the blank.
Optionally, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, processing a bar material into an extrusion blank, heating to an extrusion temperature and appropriately flushing; meanwhile, preheating, assembling and fixing of the die are completed;
s2, discharging the blank, rolling and coating a lubricating medium, and transferring the blank into a die cavity of a lower die;
s3, closing the die with the lower die, moving the die downwards, enabling the blank to deform downwards in the lower die by forward extrusion, filling the die cavity of the lower die with the blank, completing forward extrusion in the first working step, and forming a first blind hole and a boss of the forging piece;
s4, resetting the pressing die, replacing the pressing die with an upper die, clamping the upper die and the lower die again, moving the upper die downwards, and reversely extruding, reversely deforming and flowing the blank in the lower die cavity to finish the reverse extrusion of the second process step, so as to form the second blind hole of the forging piece.
By adopting the technical scheme: the process flow is simple, the near net shape of the one-fire integral structure of the cavity fan shaft forging with the complex section can be realized by adopting twice positive and negative combined extrusion forming, the formed forging is of a double-blind hole structure, the forming process has the characteristics of bidirectional combined extrusion, single-fire integral heating and integral hollow integral forming, the integral deformation of the forging is fully and uniformly realized, the metal rheology is continuous along with the shape, the structure is compact, the surface quality is good, the integral streamline integrity, the stress uniformity and the structural property consistency of the forging are greatly improved, the material utilization rate is high, and the production cost is reduced.
Optionally, the blank is preheated in a preheating furnace in advance, then an antioxidant is sprayed on the surface of the blank, and the blank is heated to 1000-1200 ℃ by an electric furnace and is subjected to 5-10 ℃ of impact temperature.
By adopting the technical scheme: can prevent the blank from oxidizing, and the heated and punched blank is easier to be extruded and deformed.
Optionally, the lower die is preheated by a heating assembly, so that the temperature in the die cavity of the lower die is between 200 and 350 ℃, the pressing die and the upper die are preheated to 300 to 350 ℃ in a preheating furnace, and the pressing die, the upper die and the lower die are coated with lubricant.
By adopting the technical scheme: by preheating and coating the lubricant on the surface of the blank, the blank is easier to extrude and deform, and the stress uniformity is improved under the damage to the internal metal structure of the blank.
Optionally, in the process of closing the lower die by the pressing die, forward extrusion is finished at the speed of 18-22mm/s, after the upper die is replaced, the upper die is in an extrusion rod structure with an auxiliary needle device, the upper die moves and closes, and backward extrusion is finished at the speed of 18-22 mm/s.
By adopting the technical scheme: through the two steps, the first blind hole can be formed at the bottom end of the blank more quickly, and the second blind hole is formed at the upper end of the blank.
Optionally, the method further comprises the step of carrying out solution heat treatment on the fan shaft forging after the blank is ejected upwards from the lower die, and removing surface allowance by machining.
By adopting the technical scheme: so that the surface of the forging piece is smoother.
Optionally, the extrusion rod structure is a segmented split structure, and the auxiliary needle device is slidably sleeved on the extrusion rod.
By adopting the technical scheme: the auxiliary needle device is removed section by section along with the continuous downward pressing of the upper die so as to ensure that the extrusion rod bears evenly.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
the integral forging has the characteristics of integral heating by single fire and integral hollow integral forming, the integral deformation of the forging is fully and uniformly realized, the metal rheology is continuous along with the shape, the structure is compact, the surface quality is good, the integral streamline integrity, the stress uniformity and the structural performance consistency of the forging are greatly improved, the material utilization rate is high, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a state diagram of a press mold and a lower mold according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the other state of the press mold and the lower mold according to the embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a state diagram of the upper and lower molds according to the embodiment of the application.
Fig. 4 is another state matching diagram of the upper die and the lower die according to the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper die according to the embodiment of the application after the upper die is released.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a forging removal structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals indicate, 100, lower die; 110. a mold cavity; 200. pressing; 300. an upper die; 400. a heating assembly; 500. an auxiliary needle device; 600. and extruding the rod.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-6.
The embodiment of the application discloses a double-blind hole fan shaft integrated bidirectional extrusion near-net forming process.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the double-blind hole fan shaft integrated bidirectional extrusion near net forming process comprises the steps of heating a blank once, and then utilizing a die to extrude forward to form a first blind hole and extrude backward to form a second blind hole. The integral forming technology of the fan shaft forging is characterized in that the integral forming technology of the fan shaft forging is heated by one fire, the deformation is fully and uniformly, the formed forging has the characteristics of uniform and fine structure, complete streamline follow-up, near-net forming of the inner surface and the outer surface and the like, the integral structural uniformity of the fan shaft forging can be remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the rotation fatigue performance of the fan shaft part is improved.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the mold in the present embodiment includes a lower mold 100, a pressing mold 200 mated with the lower mold 100, and an upper mold 300, wherein a hollow cavity 110 is provided in the lower mold 100, and an upward first blind hole forming rod is provided at the bottom of the lower mold 100; the first blind hole is formed by the cooperation of the pressing die 200 and the lower die 100 through forward extrusion, and the second blind hole is formed by the cooperation of the lower die 100 and the upper die 300 through backward extrusion, wherein the lower die 100 is provided with a heating assembly 400, and the upper die 300 is of an extrusion rod 600 structure with an auxiliary needle device 500. By providing the heating assembly 400 in the lower mold 100, a certain temperature can be maintained in the cavity 110 of the lower mold 100. And heating the blank to a specific temperature and coating a glass lubricant, wherein the blank is extruded forward by the pressing die 200 in the cavity of the lower die 100 to form a first blind hole of the forging piece in the first working step, the upper die 300 is replaced in the second working step, and the blank is extruded backward to form a second blind hole of the forging piece in the downward moving process of the upper die 300.
In this embodiment, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s1, processing a bar material into an extrusion blank, heating to an extrusion temperature and appropriately flushing; meanwhile, preheating, assembling and fixing of the die are completed; specifically, the blank is preheated in a preheating furnace in advance, then an antioxidant is sprayed on the surface of the blank, and the blank is heated to 1000-1200 ℃ by an electric furnace and is subjected to 5-10 ℃ of impact temperature. Can prevent the blank from oxidizing, and the heated and punched blank is easier to be extruded and deformed. The lower mold 100 is preheated by the heating assembly 400 such that the temperature in the cavity 110 of the lower mold 100 is between 200 and 350 deg., and the pressing mold 200 and the upper mold 300 are preheated to 300 to 350 deg. in the preheating furnace, and the pressing mold 200, the upper mold 300 and the lower mold 100 are coated with the lubricant. By preheating and coating the lubricant on the surface of the blank, the blank is easier to extrude and deform, and the stress uniformity is improved under the damage to the internal metal structure of the blank.
S2, discharging the blank, rolling and coating a lubricating medium, and transferring the blank into a die cavity 110 of the lower die 100; specifically, after the blank is discharged from the furnace, the surface of the blank is roll coated with a glass lubricant on an operating table, and a manipulator rapidly and accurately transfers the blank into the die cavity 110 of the lower die 100 within 30 seconds.
S3, the die 200 is matched with the lower die 100, the die 200 moves downwards, the blank is extruded in the lower die 100 in a forward direction to deform downwards and flow, the blank is filled in the die cavity 110 of the lower die 100, the forward extrusion in the first process step is completed, and the first blind hole and the boss of the forging piece are formed; the extrusion rod 600 is of a segmented split structure, and the auxiliary needle device 500 is slidably sleeved on the extrusion rod 600. Along with the continuous pressing down of the upper die 300, the auxiliary needle device 500 is removed segment by segment to ensure the uniform bearing of the extrusion rod 600.
S4, resetting the pressing die 200, replacing the pressing die 200 with an upper die 300, clamping the upper die 300 and the lower die 100 again, moving the upper die 300 downwards, and reversely extruding, deforming and flowing the blank in the cavity of the lower die 100 in a reverse direction to finish the reverse extrusion of the second working step so as to form a second blind hole of the forging piece;
wherein, in the process of closing the die 200 to the lower die 100, the forward extrusion is completed at a speed of 18-22mm/s, and after the upper die 300 is replaced, the upper die 300 is formed into an extrusion rod 600 structure with the auxiliary needle device 500, and the upper die 300 is moved and closed, and the backward extrusion is completed at a speed of 18-22 mm/s. Through the two steps, the first blind hole can be formed at the bottom end of the blank more quickly, and the second blind hole is formed at the upper end of the blank.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in step S5, the upper die 300 is reset again, and the fan shaft forging is removed from the lower die 100 by the tool top and transferred.
The method further comprises the step of carrying out solution heat treatment on the fan shaft forging after ejection, and mechanically processing to remove surface allowance. So that the surface of the forging piece is smoother.
The process flow is simple, the near net shape of the one-fire integral structure of the cavity fan shaft forging with the complex section can be realized by adopting twice positive and negative combined extrusion forming, the formed forging is of a double blind hole structure, the forming process has the characteristics of bidirectional combined extrusion, single-fire integral heating and integral hollow integral forming, the integral deformation of the forging is fully and uniformly realized, the metal rheology is continuous along with the shape, the structure is compact, the surface quality is good, the integral streamline integrity, the stress uniformity and the structural performance consistency of the forging are greatly improved, the material utilization rate is high, and the production cost is reduced.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.
Claims (6)
1. The double-blind hole fan shaft integrated bidirectional extrusion near-net forming process is characterized by comprising the steps of heating a blank once, utilizing a die to extrude forward to form a first blind hole and extruding backward to form a second blind hole;
the die comprises a lower die (100), a pressing die (200) matched with the lower die (100) and an upper die (300), wherein a first blind hole is formed by the pressing die (200) and the lower die (100) through positive extrusion in a matched mode, a second blind hole is formed by the lower die (100) and the upper die (300) through reverse extrusion in a matched mode, a heating assembly (400) is arranged in the lower die (100), the upper die (300) is of an extrusion rod (600) structure with an auxiliary needle device (500), the extrusion rod (600) is of a segmented split structure, the auxiliary needle device (500) is sleeved on the extrusion rod (600) in a sliding mode, and an upward first blind hole forming rod is arranged at the bottom of the lower die (100);
s1, processing a bar material into a blank, heating the blank to an extrusion temperature and properly punching the blank; meanwhile, preheating, assembling and fixing of the die are completed;
s2, discharging the blank, rolling and coating a lubricating medium, and transferring the blank into a die cavity (110) of a lower die (100);
s3, closing the die (200) and the lower die (100), enabling the die (200) to move downwards, enabling blanks to be extruded in the lower die (100) in a forward direction and deform downwards to flow, enabling the blanks to fill the die cavity (110) of the lower die (100), completing forward extrusion in a first working step, and forming first blind holes of the forged pieces;
s4, resetting the pressing die (200), replacing the pressing die (200) with an upper die (300), clamping the upper die (300) and the lower die (100) again, continuously pressing down the upper die (300), and removing the auxiliary needle device (500) section by section to ensure that the bearing force of the extrusion rod (600) is uniform, reversely extruding and deforming the blank in the cavity of the lower die (100) to flow, and completing the reverse extrusion of a second process step to form a second blind hole of the forging piece.
2. The double-blind hole fan shaft integrated bidirectional extrusion near-net forming process according to claim 1, wherein the blank is preheated in a preheating furnace in advance, then an antioxidant is sprayed on the surface, and the blank is heated to 1000-1200 ℃ by an electric furnace and is subjected to a punching temperature of 5-10 ℃.
3. The dual blind hole fan shaft integrated bi-directional extrusion near net shape forming process according to claim 1, wherein the lower die (100) is preheated by a heating assembly (400) such that the temperature in the die cavity (110) of the lower die (100) is between 200 ° and 350 °, the die (200) and the upper die (300) are preheated to 300 ° to 350 ° in a preheating furnace, and lubricant is coated in the die (200), the upper die (300) and the lower die (100).
4. The dual blind hole fan shaft integrated bi-directional extrusion near net shape forming process according to claim 1, wherein the forward extrusion is completed at 18-22mm/s in the process of clamping the die (200) to the lower die (100), and the backward extrusion is completed at 18-22mm/s after the upper die (300) is replaced, the upper die (300) is moved to the lower die (100) and clamped.
5. The dual blind hole fan shaft integrated bi-directional extrusion near net shape forming process as set forth in claim 1, further comprising the step of solution heat treating the fan shaft forging after ejecting the blank upward from the lower die (100), and machining to remove surface allowance.
6. The dual blind hole fan shaft integrated bi-directional extrusion near net shape forming process as set forth in any of claims 1-5, wherein said heating assembly (400) comprises an electrical heating coil wound within a lower die (100).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111510880.3A CN114406160B (en) | 2021-12-10 | 2021-12-10 | Double blind hole fan shaft integrated bidirectional extrusion near net forming process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111510880.3A CN114406160B (en) | 2021-12-10 | 2021-12-10 | Double blind hole fan shaft integrated bidirectional extrusion near net forming process |
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| CN114406160A CN114406160A (en) | 2022-04-29 |
| CN114406160B true CN114406160B (en) | 2023-09-29 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101537471A (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2009-09-23 | 洛阳轴研科技股份有限公司 | Improved forging method of conical bearing inner race |
| CN101758159A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-06-30 | 贵州安大航空锻造有限责任公司 | Near isothermal forging method for whole titanium alloy disc shaft forgeable piece |
| CN103567249A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-12 | 中北大学 | Extrusion moulding combined mould of large long-cone horn cylinder member |
| CN103596707A (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2014-02-19 | 奥贝特迪瓦尔公司 | Extrusion process for producing a metal part, extrusion tool for implementing it and landing gear rod thus produced |
| CN109351909A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-19 | 南阳市红阳锻造有限公司 | A kind of heavy-duty truck wheel hub forging technology |
| JP2020011243A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-23 | 中央工業株式会社 | Method and device for manufacturing hollow metallic product |
-
2021
- 2021-12-10 CN CN202111510880.3A patent/CN114406160B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101537471A (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2009-09-23 | 洛阳轴研科技股份有限公司 | Improved forging method of conical bearing inner race |
| CN101758159A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-06-30 | 贵州安大航空锻造有限责任公司 | Near isothermal forging method for whole titanium alloy disc shaft forgeable piece |
| CN103596707A (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2014-02-19 | 奥贝特迪瓦尔公司 | Extrusion process for producing a metal part, extrusion tool for implementing it and landing gear rod thus produced |
| CN103567249A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-12 | 中北大学 | Extrusion moulding combined mould of large long-cone horn cylinder member |
| JP2020011243A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-23 | 中央工業株式会社 | Method and device for manufacturing hollow metallic product |
| CN109351909A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-19 | 南阳市红阳锻造有限公司 | A kind of heavy-duty truck wheel hub forging technology |
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| CN114406160A (en) | 2022-04-29 |
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Address after: 100089 No. 76 South College Road, Beijing, Haidian District Applicant after: General Iron and Steel Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: AECC COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT ENGINE Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100089 No. 76 South College Road, Beijing, Haidian District Applicant before: CENTRAL IRON AND STEEL Research Institute Applicant before: AECC COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT ENGINE Co.,Ltd. |
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