CN114405984A - Polluted soil purifying process - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/06—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of contaminated soil treatment, and particularly relates to a contaminated soil purification process, which adopts combined laser to carry out irradiation treatment on contaminated soil, wherein the combined laser comprises ultraviolet laser and thermal effect laser, and the ultraviolet laser can effectively kill pathogens and microorganisms; thermal effect lasers such as infrared lasers and the like can generate strong thermal effect in the process of irradiating the polluted soil, so that harmful substances adsorbed on the polluted soil particles are desorbed, and the harmful substances are promoted to be evaporated with water or decomposed under the action of heat; in addition, for aerobic organic matters in the polluted soil, the aerobic organic matters can be decomposed or degraded by irradiating the aerobic organic matters through the heat effect laser; the heavy metal can be converted into a relatively safe form with high stability so as to achieve the aim of removing the harm of the heavy metal, and the technical means of treating the polluted soil by laser irradiation can greatly reduce the treatment cost of the polluted soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polluted soil treatment, and particularly relates to a polluted soil purification process.
Background
Various industrial contaminated soils, domestic contaminated soils or contaminated soils generated by landfill contain a large amount of pollutants, including pathogenic bacteria, parasites, pathogenic microorganisms, and heavy metals such as arsenic, copper, chromium and mercury, and toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin and radionuclide, which are difficult to degrade.
Hazard of contaminated soil:
contaminated soil that is not effectively treated can cause soil contamination, as well as contamination of ground water and surface water, and contaminated soil can pose a serious potential threat to the ecological environment if not properly or not treated properly (e.g., disposable, abuse in farming areas, etc.). The problems that the contaminated soil may cause to the environment, health, etc. are described in detail below:
(1) hazards of nitrogen, phosphorus, salts, etc. in the contaminated soil: the secondary pollution of the polluted soil to the environment comprises the pollution of salt content of the polluted soil and the pollution of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, the higher salt content of the polluted soil can obviously improve the conductivity of the soil, destroy the balance of plant nutrients, inhibit the absorption of plants to the nutrients and even cause direct damage to plant roots; after a large amount of polluted soil rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and the like is applied to the soil in areas with large rainfall and loose soil, when the decomposition speed of organic matters is greater than the absorption speed of plants on nitrogen and phosphorus, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like can enter surface water bodies along with water loss to cause eutrophication of the water bodies and enter underground to cause pollution of underground water.
(2) Pathogenic hazards in the contaminated soil: because the polluted soil contains a large amount of pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova, the environment, human beings and animal health are possibly harmed through the ways that a food chain is contacted with the polluted soil, a water source is polluted by the pathogenic agents, the pathogenic agents pollute the soil firstly and then pollute a water body, and the like.
(3) Hazard of heavy metals in contaminated soil: some heavy metal elements mainly come from industrial discharged wastewater, such as cadmium, chromium and the like; in addition, the heavy metals come from the pipeline system of family life, such as copper, zinc and the like; in the sewage treatment process, 70-90% of heavy metal elements are transferred to the polluted soil through adsorption or precipitation, and the heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg and the like contained in the polluted soil make the soil not suitable for cultivation any more.
(4) Hazard of organic pollutants in contaminated soil: the organic pollutants in the polluted soil mainly comprise benzene, chlorophenol, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDFs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDDs) and the like. Organic pollutants contained in the polluted soil are not easy to degrade, the toxic residual time is long, and the toxic and harmful substances enter water and soil to cause environmental pollution.
In addition to the above-mentioned hazards, if the contaminated soil is left in place, it provides an excellent breeding place for harmful organisms, which may increase environmental pollution, and in addition, the contaminated soil is piled up in open fields such as the open air, which may emit unpleasant odor, and by means of sunlight and wind, the contaminated particles therein may cause atmospheric pollution, which may affect the local ecology.
The situation of the current treatment of polluted soil in various countries is as follows:
in view of the pollution and destruction of the ecological environment caused by the existence of the polluted soil, various countries seek active technical methods to solve the problem of the polluted soil, and countries such as europe and japan have already conducted a great deal of research and practice in China. At present, the following methods are common in the treatment of contaminated soil:
(1) high-temperature composting of the polluted soil: the high-temperature composting of the polluted soil refers to the utilization of a high-temperature technology, organic matters in the polluted soil are degraded, harmful bacteria and worm eggs are killed, a source of foul smell in the polluted soil is eliminated, and finally the fertilizer is produced and can be used for fertilizing flowers or trees. However, the proportion of the method in the disposal mode of each country is not large, and the reason is that the produced fertilizer cannot meet the harmless standard.
(2) Sanitary landfill treatment of contaminated soil: the method is characterized in that polluted soil is subjected to simple sterile treatment and directly poured into a valley region to be used for manufacturing artificial land, the method is low in cost, urban land is increased, but the defects are obvious, firstly, the soil mechanical property of the polluted soil cannot reach the standard, and a material with good permeability resistance needs to be paved in the landfill process.
(3) Incineration disposal: at present, incineration disposal is the method with the largest specific gravity among all disposal methods, the polluted soil generates the least residues after incineration, no peculiar smell exists, the polluted soil can be rapidly reduced to a greater extent, sterilization treatment is not needed, and the burnt residues can also be used as raw material substances for other industrial purposes. However, since incineration treatment requires treatment in a specific factory, the cost is high, and moreover, if the dehydration treatment before incineration is performed by a natural drying method, the odor of the contaminated soil pollutes the air.
There are many methods for treating contaminated soil, but most of them are immature or unreasonable, and if the soil is dumped into the sea, the ecological environment of the sea can be seriously damaged, so that most of the countries do not adopt the method; for another example, in the agricultural field of the polluted soil, the harmful substances in the polluted soil need to be reduced to the harmless standard, the difficulty is not low, and if the polluted soil is simply treated or untreated, the crops can absorb the harmful substances in the polluted soil, and finally the health of people can be harmed.
The current situation of our country to the polluted soil is:
the contaminated soil treatment work in China starts late, and the policy of the first departure in China for the problem of contaminated soil treatment is to improve the water quality of sewage areas, and the work center of gravity is the construction and operation of sewage treatment plants. With the increase of ecological environment protection to national strategy, the problem of treating polluted soil is more and more emphasized.
In 2009, the Ministry of construction promulgates the environmental protection standard of 'technical policy for treating and preventing polluted soil in urban sewage treatment plants'. Considering different conditions of sewage treatment plants in different regions of China, the construction department does not clearly define a preferred scheme for treating the polluted soil, all methods for treating the polluted soil are feasible alternatives, and the working key point of the national ministry of environmental protection is to establish the quality standard of sewage treatment and polluted soil treatment.
At present, the disposal method generally adopted in China is the disposal or landfill disposal of polluted soil; preliminary experience has been accumulated in the aspect of mixed combustion of the polluted soil in China, but according to the existing data, the single incineration of the polluted soil is in the starting stage; agricultural use of contaminated soil has been exemplified in china, but many problems are still faced in the use of contaminated soil for fertilizer production due to the outcoming problems of agricultural use of contaminated soil. In addition, in the prior art, chinese patent publication No. CN105084555A describes a method for treating water body pollution mainly by a microbiological method, which is mainly capable of removing eutrophication pollutants, algae, etc. in sewage, and belongs to a biological treatment method; chinese patent publication No. CN106977076A describes a municipal contaminated soil treatment method, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out heat treatment on contaminated soil, preliminarily killing bacteria and eggs in the municipal contaminated soil, purifying the contaminated soil, adsorbing organic pollutants, heavy metal ions and the like in the municipal contaminated soil by using adsorption resin, and then dehydrating and drying to obtain the municipal contaminated soil which is subjected to harmless treatment, and belongs to a physical treatment method.
At present, the polluted soil treatment technology in China has been accumulated preliminarily, different polluted soil treatment technologies exist according to different treatment requirements, but the polluted soil treatment technology is still in a development stage overall, and different problems of high polluted soil treatment cost, unobvious effect, complex treatment process, efficiency to be improved and the like are also faced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polluted soil purification process, which solves the technical problems of heavy treatment burden and serious environmental pollution caused by polluted soil, high treatment cost of the polluted soil, complex process, unobvious effect and the like in the prior art.
From the viewpoint of harmful components in contaminated soil, the soil is mainly divided into organic pollutants, heavy metals, pathogens, worm eggs, plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and aerobic organic substances (such as protein, carbohydrate or grease). Because the types of pollutants in the polluted soil are complex, the content of various pollutants is uncertain, and the pollutants exist in the polluted soil in the forms of adsorption state, suspension state, ion state and the like, the treatment is very difficult, and the pollutants become the most troublesome and highest expenditure in the sewage treatment process.
In order to solve the existing problems through technical means, the invention provides a technical method for treating the polluted soil by using combined laser, and the polluted soil can reach the standard of safe emission through the method, thereby contributing to ecological and environmental protection.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the polluted soil purification process adopts combined laser to carry out irradiation treatment on the polluted soil, and the combined laser comprises ultraviolet laser and thermal effect laser.
Preferably, the thermal effect laser is an infrared laser.
Preferably, the infrared laser adopts laser with the wavelength of 1064 nm.
Preferably, before irradiation, water is added to the contaminated soil so that the water fills the pores between particles of the contaminated soil, and the contaminated soil is in a water-saturated state.
Preferably, the polluted soil is irradiated by ultraviolet laser and infrared laser at the same time, and the irradiated polluted soil is turned over periodically.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the polluted soil purification process adopts combined laser to carry out irradiation treatment on the polluted soil, wherein the combined laser comprises ultraviolet laser and thermal effect laser, and the ultraviolet laser can effectively kill pathogens and microorganisms; thermal effect lasers such as infrared lasers and the like can generate strong thermal effect in the process of irradiating the polluted soil, so that harmful substances adsorbed on the polluted soil particles are desorbed, and the harmful substances are promoted to be evaporated with water or decomposed under the action of heat; in addition, under the thermal effect laser irradiation, microorganisms such as worm eggs and pathogens can not resist instant high temperature to be inactivated.
(2) For aerobic organic matters in the polluted soil, the aerobic organic matters can be decomposed or degraded by irradiating through thermal effect laser; in addition, under the irradiation of thermal effect laser, heavy metals in the polluted soil can be separated out, oxidized and quickly incinerated or combined with organic matters, and the heavy metals are converted into a relatively safe form with relatively strong stability, so that the aim of removing the harm of the heavy metals is fulfilled.
(3) The technical means of treating the polluted soil by adopting the combined laser irradiation greatly reduces the treatment cost of the polluted soil.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of soil decontamination by laser;
FIG. 2 is a chromatogram showing the atrazine content measured before irradiation of the soil in the experimental example 1 for feasibility verification of the contaminated soil purification process of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a chromatogram showing the atrazine content measured after irradiation of soil in the feasibility verification experiment example 1 of the contaminated soil purification process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The polluted soil purification process adopts combined laser to carry out irradiation treatment on the polluted soil, the combined laser comprises ultraviolet laser and thermal effect laser, in the embodiment, the thermal effect laser is infrared laser, and the infrared laser adopts laser with the wavelength of 1064 nm.
The principle of soil purification by laser is as follows:
(1) the ultraviolet laser can effectively kill pathogens and microorganisms; meanwhile, according to chemical analysis, some intractable organic pollutants which are difficult to decompose and treat can be quickly converted into safer substances under the irradiation of ultraviolet laser, so that the ultraviolet laser has great potential as one of the light wavelengths for treating the polluted soil. In addition, the ultraviolet laser can be combined with a catalyst to convert refractory organic pollutants which are difficult to decompose and treat into safer substances.
(2) Infrared laser, such as 1064nm laser, can produce a strong thermal effect during the irradiation of contaminated soil, so that harmful substances adsorbed on the contaminated soil particles are desorbed, and the harmful substances can be evaporated with water or decomposed under the action of heat under the action of differential pressure due to the different buoyancy of the harmful substances on the contaminated soil particles and the contaminated soil particles.
In addition, microorganisms such as eggs and pathogens are also unable to withstand transient high temperatures and become inactivated.
In addition, for aerobic organic matters, which are more active than organic pollutants having more recalcitrant chemical properties, decomposition can be performed by using a thermal effect laser of a wavelength band other than an ultraviolet laser or removal by thermal effect degradation.
The forms of heavy metals in the polluted soil can be divided into the following five types: exchangeable state, carbonate combined state, iron-manganese oxide combined state, sulfide, organic combined state and residue state, wherein the first three forms have poor stability and are easily absorbed by plants and the like, and the last two forms have strong stability and are not easily released into the environment. Since the severity of the contamination of the soil with heavy metals and the behavior of heavy metals in the environment do not depend entirely on their total amount, mainly on their chemical form. The thermal effect laser is utilized to irradiate the polluted soil, so that heavy metal in the polluted soil can be separated out, oxidized and quickly incinerated or combined with organic matters, and the heavy metal is converted into a relatively safe form with stronger stability, so as to achieve the aim of removing the harm of the heavy metal.
The polluted soil after laser purification can be recycled and utilized, can be particularly applied to the aspects of building materials, engineering filling and the like, and can be used for agriculture after being detected to be qualified.
Furthermore, before irradiation, water is added to the contaminated soil to fill the pores among the contaminated soil particles, and the contaminated soil is in a water saturation state, so that the pollutant can be analyzed and heat transfer can be promoted under the irradiation of the thermal effect laser, for example, harmful substances can be promoted to be evaporated along with water and desorbed from the soil particles.
Further, combine shown in fig. 1, irradiate contaminated soil simultaneously through ultraviolet laser, infrared laser, can set up ultraviolet laser array 1, infrared laser array 2 respectively in the place both sides of handling contaminated soil 3 to regularly overturn the contaminated soil who is irradiated, under the condition of irradiation simultaneously, can improve the treatment effeciency, and through overturning contaminated soil, can improve the irradiation area of contact who pollutes soil, make purifying effect better.
Feasibility verification experiment example 1 of sludge treatment by laser technology: atrazine is one of pollutants in soil and is listed as a persistent organic pollutant in China, mainly because pesticides such as herbicide are applied and remained in the soil, the atrazine has a high boiling point and relatively stable chemical properties, and is difficult to remove in the soil. In the experiment, methanol and atrazine are mixed and evenly mixed into soil, after the soil is air-dried, a proper amount of water is added to fill the pore space between soil particles, the soil is in a water saturation state, laser of 1064nm is used for irradiating the treated soil, and a chromatographic analyzer is used for detecting the content of atrazine pollutants in the soil before and after irradiation by adopting a chemical means.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the peak area of atrazine in the soil before irradiation is 738.038, the peak area of atrazine after irradiation is 275.286, and the peak area reflects the content of atrazine, and from the experimental results, it can be seen that the content of atrazine in the soil is reduced by about 63%, and the effectiveness of laser for removing organic pollutants in the soil is verified.
Feasibility verification experiment example 2 of sludge treatment by laser technology: collecting a contaminated soil sample 1 and a contaminated soil sample 2 containing heavy metals such as copper, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, and measuring the content of each free heavy metal in the sample 1 and the sample 2 before an experiment; irradiating the sample 1 and the sample 2 by using 1064nm laser; then, the content of each free heavy metal in the samples 1 and 2 after the experiment was measured. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1 below: the experimental result shows that the laser can remove free heavy metal elements in the soil, the average purification rate is about 20%, and the laser is effective in purifying the heavy metal.
TABLE 1 comparison of heavy metal content before and after
Based on the foregoing examples and experimental examples, it can be seen that the laser treatment of contaminated soil is a feasible technical means.
It should be noted that, in this document, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The polluted soil purification process is characterized in that combined laser is adopted to carry out irradiation treatment on the polluted soil, and the combined laser comprises ultraviolet laser and thermal effect laser.
2. The contaminated soil decontamination process according to claim 1, wherein: the thermal effect laser is infrared laser.
3. The contaminated soil decontamination process according to claim 2, wherein: the infrared laser adopts laser with the wavelength of 1064 nm.
4. The contaminated soil decontamination process according to claim 1, wherein: before irradiation, water is added into the polluted soil, so that the water fills the pores among the polluted soil particles, and the polluted soil is in a water saturation state.
5. The contaminated soil decontamination process according to claim 2, wherein: the polluted soil is irradiated by ultraviolet laser and infrared laser at the same time, and the irradiated polluted soil is overturned regularly.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117505407A (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | 国能龙源环保有限公司 | Method for removing organic matters in waste salt by utilizing laser |
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