CN114405466A - Preparation method and system of bamboo reed biomass charcoal adsorbent - Google Patents
Preparation method and system of bamboo reed biomass charcoal adsorbent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and discloses a preparation method of a bamboo reed biomass charcoal adsorbent, which comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials: pulverizing bamboo reed raw materials into pieces; step two: pretreatment of bamboo reeds: putting the giant reed fragments obtained in the step one into a reaction liquid for soaking pretreatment; step three: pyrolysis of bamboo reeds: sending the bamboo reed fragments pretreated in the step two into a heat accumulating type rotating bed pyrolysis device; step four: high-temperature oil gas combustion: feeding the high-temperature oil gas generated in the third step into a combustion chamber for combustion, and feeding the high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion into a waste heat boiler; the carbonization pyrolysis device for preparing the bamboo reed biomass charcoal is a heat-carrier-free heat accumulation type rotating bed, the heat efficiency is high and reaches over 86 percent, hot steam generated in a bamboo reed raw material drying system is used for activating the bamboo reed pyrolysis charcoal, and high-temperature flue gas generated by burning high-temperature oil gas generated by pyrolysis of bamboo reed can generate the hot steam after heat exchange of a waste heat boiler so as to activate the bamboo reed charcoal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a preparation method and a system of a bamboo reed biomass charcoal adsorbent.
Background
The agriculture and forestry biomass waste has the advantages of wide sources, short renewable period, biodegradability, environmental friendliness and the like, and is an important biomass resource. However, the agricultural and forestry biomass waste is mainly used for directly burning to generate heat, and in addition, a part of the agricultural and forestry biomass waste is used as a raw material for feed, fertilizer and pulping and papermaking industries, and the utilization amount of the fields is less than 50% of the weight of the agricultural and forestry biomass waste. Because the biomass is not converted and utilized, a large amount of agriculture and forestry biomass is abandoned in the natural environment or burned in the open air every year, so that the pollution to the ecological environment is caused, and the great waste of resources is also caused. The biomass charcoal adsorbent is prepared from byproducts generated in the giant reed processing process through a pyrolysis carbonization reaction and is used for treating industrial wastewater, so that the resource utilization of wastes is realized, the problem of environmental pollution is solved, and the development strategy of green circular economy is met.
Patent numbers: CN105080482A discloses a production method of biomass charcoal adsorbent. The method is used for preparing the hydrothermal biomass charcoal by carrying out hydrothermal reaction on wood powder under a strong acid condition. The method has the advantages of simple process, low raw material cost and large adsorption capacity, can be applied to adsorption treatment of cationic dyes, and has good treatment effect.
Patent CN101993701A discloses a method for preparing biomass charcoal from waste crop straws. The method produces the biomass charcoal adsorbent by only heating and carbonizing waste crop straws and introducing inert gas. The equipment and the device of the invention have simple operation, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the large-scale industrial production is easy to realize; meanwhile, the biomass charcoal prepared by the method has a large specific surface area, can be used as a soil conditioner to improve the fertility of soil, can also be used as a soil remediation agent to remediate polluted soil, and has a good application prospect.
The biochar adsorbent obtained by the method of the first cited document is only subjected to the activation action of strong acid, and a secondary activation process is avoided, so that the adsorption capacity of the biochar adsorbent is low.
The biomass charcoal prepared by the method of the second cited document has a low specific surface area, so that the adsorption capacity is greatly reduced, and oil gas generated in the pyrolysis process of the crop straw biomass charcoal is not recycled in the method.
Both methods have negative factors and are not high in practicability, so that a preparation method and a system of the bamboo reed biomass charcoal adsorbent are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for preparing a bamboo reed biomass charcoal adsorbent, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for preparing Arundo donax Linn biomass charcoal adsorbent comprises,
the method comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials: pulverizing bamboo reed raw materials into pieces;
step two: pretreatment of bamboo reeds: putting the giant reed fragments obtained in the step one into a reaction liquid for soaking pretreatment;
step three: pyrolysis of bamboo reeds: sending the bamboo reed fragments pretreated in the step two into a heat accumulating type rotating bed pyrolysis device;
step four: high-temperature oil gas combustion: feeding the high-temperature oil gas generated in the third step into a combustion chamber for combustion, and feeding the high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion into a waste heat boiler;
step five: and (3) waste heat recovery: and (4) conveying the high-temperature flue gas generated in the fourth step to a waste heat boiler, exchanging heat between the high-temperature flue gas and water in the waste heat boiler to generate superheated steam, and enabling the superheated steam to enter a rotary bed pyrolysis area to activate the bamboo reed biochar when the bamboo reed biochar is subjected to heat preservation.
Preferably, in the first step, the size of the giant reed fragments is 4-5 cm.
Preferably, in the second step, the reaction solution is a mixed aqueous solution composed of NaOH and H2O2, wherein the mass fraction of NaOH is 0.2-2%, and the mass fraction of H2O2 is 0.10-1.00%; the pretreatment parameters were: the solid-liquid ratio (g/ml) is 1:50-1:10, and the treatment time is 4-10 h.
Preferably, in the third step, the pyrolysis temperature in the pyrolysis device is 300-.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the medium-temperature flue gas after heat exchange by the waste heat boiler enters a rotary air preheater, the preheated air is taken as combustion-supporting air and enters a rotary bed radiant tube, and a large amount of water vapor in the flue gas after the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to be below 100 ℃ after the air is preheated releases latent heat of vaporization in the rotary air preheater and then is changed into liquid water for recycling.
A system for preparing a bamboo reed biomass charcoal adsorbent comprises a bamboo reed pretreatment system, a heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace, a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler and a rotary air preheater, wherein the bamboo reed pretreatment system is connected with the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace, the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace is connected with the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is connected with the waste heat boiler system, and the waste heat boiler system is connected with the rotary air preheater.
Preferably, the arundo donax linn pretreatment system comprises a feeding hole, a crushing device, a soaking device, a drying device and a discharging hole, wherein the drying device is provided with a hot steam outlet, and the drying temperature of the drying device is 80-110 ℃.
Preferably, the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace is sequentially provided with a feed inlet, a high-temperature oil gas outlet, a discharge outlet, a combustion air inlet, a combustible gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and a superheated steam inlet, wherein the rotary bed pyrolysis furnace is sequentially divided into a drying area and a pyrolysis area along the rotating direction of the bottom of the rotary bed pyrolysis furnace according to the temperature;
wherein the temperature of the drying zone is: 100 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the temperature of the pyrolysis zone is as follows: 300-800 ℃;
the high-temperature oil gas outlet is positioned at the top of the pyrolysis zone of the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotating bed, and the superheated steam inlet is positioned at the bottom of the pyrolysis zone of the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotating bed.
Preferably, the combustion chamber is sequentially provided with a high-temperature oil gas inlet, an air inlet and a high-temperature flue gas outlet, wherein the high-temperature oil gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature oil gas outlet of the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed, and the air inlet is connected with the air outlet of the rotary air preheater.
Preferably, the waste heat boiler is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet, a medium-temperature flue gas outlet, a boiler water supply inlet and a superheated steam outlet, wherein the high-temperature flue gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber, the medium-temperature flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with the rotary air preheater, and the superheated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace;
the rotary air preheater is provided with a medium-temperature flue gas inlet, a low-temperature flue gas outlet, a combustion air inlet, a combustion air outlet and a condensed water collecting port,
the system comprises a rotary air preheater, a waste heat boiler, a tail gas treatment device, a rotary air preheater, a rotary bed heat accumulating type radiant tube, a waste heat collecting tank, a rotary bed heat accumulating type radiant tube, a waste heat collecting type radiant tube, a rotary bed heat collecting tank and a rotary air preheater.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the carbonization pyrolysis device for preparing the bamboo reed biomass charcoal is a heat-carrier-free heat accumulation type rotating bed, and has high heat efficiency which is more than 86%.
(2) And (4) activating the bamboo reed pyrolytic carbon by using hot steam generated in the bamboo reed raw material drying system.
(2) High-temperature flue gas generated by pyrolysis of bamboo reeds after high-temperature oil gas is combusted can generate superheated steam after heat exchange of a waste heat boiler, and then bamboo reed biochar is activated, so that the adsorption capacity of the bamboo reed biochar is increased.
(3) The medium-temperature flue gas after the heat exchange of the high-temperature flue gas passes through the rotary air preheating chamber to heat combustion-supporting air, so that the heat efficiency of the combustion of the rotary bed heat accumulating type radiant tube is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the bamboo reed charcoal adsorbent of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a system for preparing the bamboo reed charcoal adsorbent according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a table of physicochemical properties of the Arundo donax biochar adsorbent of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for preparing Giantreed biomass charcoal adsorbent comprises obtaining Giantreed raw material with water content of 40.3%,
the method comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials: crushing the giant reed raw material with the water content of 40.3 percent into 4-5cm fragments;
step two: pretreatment of bamboo reeds: putting the bamboo reed fragments obtained in the step one into a reaction liquid for soaking pretreatment, wherein the reaction liquid is a mixed aqueous solution consisting of NaOH and H2O2, the mass fraction of the NaOH is 1.5%, and the mass fraction of the H2O2 is 0.5%; the pretreatment parameters were: the solid-liquid ratio (g/ml) is 1:30, the treatment time is 8 hours, pretreated arundo donax linn is washed and dried, the drying temperature is 100 ℃, and water vapor generated by drying enters a pyrolysis zone through a superheated steam inlet of a rotating bed to activate arundo donax linn biochar;
step three: pyrolysis of bamboo reeds: sending the bamboo reed fragments pretreated in the step two into a heat accumulating type rotating bed pyrolysis device, wherein the temperature of a drying zone is 100 ℃, the pyrolysis temperature is 600 ℃, the pyrolysis time is 45min, heat preservation and activation are carried out for 30min after pyrolysis is finished, superheated steam is introduced into a pyrolysis zone during heat preservation, bamboo reed biochar is activated, the adsorption performance of the bamboo reed biochar is improved, and the bamboo reed biochar adsorbent is discharged through a discharge port;
step four: high-temperature oil gas combustion: feeding the high-temperature oil gas generated in the third step into a combustion chamber for combustion, and feeding the high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion into a waste heat boiler;
step five: and (3) waste heat recovery: and (4) carrying out waste heat boiler on the high-temperature flue gas generated in the fourth step, exchanging heat between the high-temperature flue gas and water in the waste heat boiler to generate superheated steam, and enabling the superheated steam to enter a rotary bed pyrolysis area to activate the bamboo reed biochar when the bamboo reed biochar is subjected to heat preservation. The medium-temperature flue gas after heat exchange of the waste heat boiler enters a rotary air preheater, preheated air is used as combustion-supporting air and enters a rotary bed radiant tube, and a large amount of water vapor in the flue gas after the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to be below 100 ℃ after the air is preheated releases latent heat of vaporization in the rotary air preheater and then becomes liquid water for recycling.
Crushing arundo donax linn, performing alkali liquor soaking pretreatment, feeding the crushed arundo donax linn into a drying system, feeding the obtained material into a heat-carrier-free heat accumulating type rotary bed, completing reaction respectively through a drying region and a pyrolysis region of the rotary bed to finally generate high-temperature oil gas and arundo donax linn biochar, feeding the high-temperature oil gas into a combustion chamber for combustion, feeding the generated high-temperature flue gas into a waste heat boiler, performing heat exchange with water in the waste heat boiler to generate superheated steam and steam generated by the arundo donax linn drying system, introducing the steam into the bottom of the pyrolysis region of the rotary bed to activate the arundo donax linn biochar, feeding the medium-temperature flue gas subjected to heat exchange in the waste heat boiler into a rotary air preheater, reducing the temperature of the flue gas to below 100 ℃, performing dust removal and purification, discharging the flue gas after reaching the standard, releasing vaporization latent heat in the rotary air preheater to obtain liquid water for recycling, feeding the preheated air into a radiation pipe of the rotary bed, and enabling a carbonization pyrolysis device for preparing the arundo donax linn biochar linn biomass carbon to be the heat accumulating type rotary bed, the thermal efficiency is high and reaches above 86%, and the hot steam generated in the bamboo reed raw material drying system is used for activating the bamboo reed pyrolytic carbon, so that the heat energy can be recycled, the use efficiency is higher, and the cost is lower.
The physicochemical properties of the arundo donax biochar adsorbent prepared by the method are analyzed, and it can be seen that the iodine value and methylene blue decolorizing power of the biochar adsorbent prepared by the method can reach the standard of water purification activated carbon, and the data can be seen in fig. 3.
A preparation system of arundo donax linn biomass charcoal adsorbent is characterized in that: the rotary type heat-storage radiant tube bed pyrolysis furnace comprises a bamboo reed pretreatment system, a heat-storage radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace, a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler and a rotary air preheater, wherein the bamboo reed pretreatment system is connected with the heat-storage radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace, the heat-storage radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace is connected with the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is connected with a waste heat boiler system, and the waste heat boiler system is connected with the rotary air preheater.
In this embodiment, preferably, the arundo donax linn pretreatment system includes a feed inlet, a crushing device, a soaking device, a drying device and a discharge outlet, wherein the drying device is provided with a hot steam outlet, and the drying temperature of the drying device is 80-110 ℃.
In this embodiment, preferably, the regenerative radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace is sequentially provided with a feed inlet, a high-temperature oil gas outlet, a discharge outlet, a combustion air inlet, a combustible gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and a superheated steam inlet, wherein the regenerative radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace is sequentially divided into a drying zone and a pyrolysis zone along the rotation direction of the bottom of the rotary bed pyrolysis furnace according to the temperature;
wherein the temperature of the drying zone is: 100 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the temperature of the pyrolysis zone is as follows: 300-800 ℃;
the high-temperature oil gas outlet is positioned at the top of the pyrolysis zone of the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotating bed, and the superheated steam inlet is positioned at the bottom of the pyrolysis zone of the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotating bed.
In this embodiment, preferably, the combustion chamber is sequentially provided with a high-temperature oil gas inlet, an air inlet and a high-temperature flue gas outlet, wherein the high-temperature oil gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature oil gas outlet of the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed, and the air inlet is connected with the air outlet of the rotary air preheater.
In this embodiment, preferably, the exhaust-heat boiler is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet, a medium-temperature flue gas outlet, a boiler water supply inlet and a superheated steam outlet, wherein the high-temperature flue gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber, the medium-temperature flue gas outlet of the exhaust-heat boiler is connected with the rotary air preheater, and the superheated steam outlet of the exhaust-heat boiler is connected with the regenerative radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace;
the rotary air preheater is provided with a medium-temperature flue gas inlet, a low-temperature flue gas outlet, a combustion-supporting air inlet, a combustion-supporting air outlet and a condensed water collecting port,
the middle-temperature flue gas inlet of the rotary air preheater is connected with the waste heat boiler, the low-temperature flue gas outlet of the rotary air preheater is connected with the tail gas treatment equipment, the combustion-supporting air of the rotary air preheater is fed with an air blower, the preheated air outlet of the rotary air preheater is connected with the combustion-supporting air inlet of the rotary bed heat accumulating type radiant tube, and the condensate water of the rotary air preheater is collected to the water collection tank through a recovery pipe network.
The steam generated by the drying system is introduced into the rotating bed to activate the bamboo reed biochar, high-temperature oil gas after pyrolysis is fully combusted in the combustion chamber, formed high-temperature flue gas directly enters the waste heat boiler, generated steam enters the rotating bed to activate the bamboo reed biochar in a pyrolysis area, sensible heat and latent heat in the flue gas are deeply recovered by adopting a rotary air preheater, and a large amount of condensed water in the flue gas can be recovered.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a bamboo reed biomass charcoal adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
the method comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials: pulverizing bamboo reed raw materials into pieces;
step two: pretreatment of bamboo reeds: putting the giant reed fragments obtained in the step one into a reaction liquid for soaking pretreatment;
step three: pyrolysis of bamboo reeds: sending the bamboo reed fragments pretreated in the step two into a heat accumulating type rotating bed pyrolysis device;
step four: high-temperature oil gas combustion: feeding the high-temperature oil gas generated in the third step into a combustion chamber for combustion, and feeding the high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion into a waste heat boiler;
step five: and (3) waste heat recovery: and (4) conveying the high-temperature flue gas generated in the fourth step to a waste heat boiler, exchanging heat between the high-temperature flue gas and water in the waste heat boiler to generate superheated steam, and enabling the superheated steam to enter a rotary bed pyrolysis area to activate the bamboo reed biochar when the bamboo reed biochar is subjected to heat preservation.
2. The preparation method of the arundo donax linn biomass charcoal adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the size of the giant reed fragments is 4-5 cm.
3. The preparation method of the arundo donax linn biomass charcoal adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the reaction solution is a mixed aqueous solution composed of NaOH and H2O2, wherein the mass fraction of NaOH is 0.2-2%, and the mass fraction of H2O2 is 0.10-1.00%; the pretreatment parameters were: the solid-liquid ratio (g/ml) is 1:50-1:10, and the treatment time is 4-10 h.
4. The preparation method of the arundo donax linn biomass charcoal adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the pyrolysis temperature in the pyrolysis device is 300-700 ℃, the pyrolysis time is 30-60min, the pyrolysis is finished, the heat preservation and the activation are carried out for 30-45min, and superheated steam is introduced into the pyrolysis zone during the heat preservation, so that the bamboo reed biochar is activated, and the adsorption performance is improved.
5. The preparation method of the arundo donax linn biomass charcoal adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step five, the medium-temperature flue gas after heat exchange of the waste heat boiler enters a rotary air preheater, preheated air is used as combustion-supporting air and enters a rotary bed radiant tube, and a large amount of water vapor in the flue gas after the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to be below 100 ℃ after the air is preheated releases latent heat of vaporization in the rotary air preheater and then is changed into liquid water for recycling.
6. The system for preparing arundo donax linn biomass charcoal adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein: the rotary type heat-storage radiant tube bed pyrolysis furnace comprises a bamboo reed pretreatment system, a heat-storage radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace, a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler and a rotary air preheater, wherein the bamboo reed pretreatment system is connected with the heat-storage radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace, the heat-storage radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace is connected with the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is connected with the waste heat boiler system, and the waste heat boiler system is connected with the rotary air preheater.
7. The system for preparing arundo donax biomass charcoal adsorbent according to claim 6, wherein: the bamboo reed pretreatment system comprises a feeding port, a crushing device, a soaking device, a drying device and a discharging port, wherein the drying device is provided with a hot steam outlet, and the drying temperature of the drying device is 80-110 ℃.
8. The system for preparing arundo donax biomass charcoal adsorbent according to claim 6, wherein: the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace is sequentially provided with a feed inlet, a high-temperature oil gas outlet, a discharge outlet, a combustion air inlet, a combustible gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and a superheated steam inlet, wherein the rotary bed pyrolysis furnace is sequentially divided into a drying area and a pyrolysis area along the rotating direction of the bottom of the rotary bed pyrolysis furnace according to the temperature;
wherein the temperature of the drying zone is: 100 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the temperature of the pyrolysis zone is as follows: 300-800 ℃;
the high-temperature oil gas outlet is positioned at the top of the pyrolysis zone of the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotating bed, and the superheated steam inlet is positioned at the bottom of the pyrolysis zone of the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotating bed.
9. The system for preparing arundo donax biomass charcoal adsorbent according to claim 8, wherein: the combustion chamber is sequentially provided with a high-temperature oil gas inlet, an air inlet and a high-temperature flue gas outlet, wherein the high-temperature oil gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature oil gas outlet of the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed, and the air inlet is connected with the air outlet of the rotary air preheater.
10. The system for preparing arundo donax linn biomass charcoal adsorbent according to claim 9, wherein: the waste heat boiler is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet, a medium-temperature flue gas outlet, a boiler water supply inlet and a superheated steam outlet, wherein the high-temperature flue gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber, the medium-temperature flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with the rotary air preheater, and the superheated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed pyrolysis furnace;
the rotary air preheater is provided with a medium-temperature flue gas inlet, a low-temperature flue gas outlet, a combustion air inlet, a combustion air outlet and a condensed water collecting port,
the system comprises a rotary air preheater, a waste heat boiler, a tail gas treatment device, a rotary air preheater, a rotary bed heat accumulating type radiant tube, a waste heat collecting tank, a rotary bed heat accumulating type radiant tube, a waste heat collecting type radiant tube, a rotary bed heat collecting tank and a rotary air preheater.
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