CN114403794A - Angioscope and method based on optical fiber imaging - Google Patents

Angioscope and method based on optical fiber imaging Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114403794A
CN114403794A CN202210135427.7A CN202210135427A CN114403794A CN 114403794 A CN114403794 A CN 114403794A CN 202210135427 A CN202210135427 A CN 202210135427A CN 114403794 A CN114403794 A CN 114403794A
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China
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image
imaging
optical fiber
angioscope
artificial intelligence
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CN202210135427.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张海涛
吴巍巍
张童
李有楠
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Priority to CN202210135427.7A priority Critical patent/CN114403794A/en
Publication of CN114403794A publication Critical patent/CN114403794A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/313—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes
    • A61B1/3137—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes for examination of the interior of blood vessels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
    • A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
    • A61B1/00009—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/07—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements using light-conductive means, e.g. optical fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
    • A61B5/0084—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02—Neural networks
    • G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02—Neural networks
    • G06N3/08—Learning methods
    • G06T5/77—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10068—Endoscopic image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20081—Training; Learning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
    • G06T2207/30101—Blood vessel; Artery; Vein; Vascular

Abstract

The invention discloses a angioscope and a method based on optical fiber imaging, wherein the angioscope comprises an artificial intelligent image processing module, a catheter, a guide wire, an imaging optical fiber, a lighting optical fiber, a microprobe and a laser light source, can image in blood vessels visually and clearly, is convenient for doctors to obtain intravascular information efficiently, and reduces the difficulty and risk of operation. The invention also discloses a method for acquiring intravascular image information by using the angioscope.

Description

Angioscope and method based on optical fiber imaging
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of endoscope medical instruments, in particular to a angioscope based on optical fiber imaging and a method thereof.
Background
The endoscope technology is widely applied in the current medical field, and is greatly convenient for doctors to effectively observe the internal conditions of the body of a patient. The endoscope commonly used at present mainly comprises a large number of single-mode optical fibers or multi-lens systems, but the diameters of the probe and the tube body of the endoscope systems are large (about several millimeters), the imaging resolution is limited by the caliber, for example, the higher the imaging resolution is, the more the number of the single-mode optical fibers is needed, so that the caliber of the probe is further increased, and therefore, the endoscope system cannot be used in some narrow and complex environments in a human body, such as a blood vessel of the human body, and is narrower at and near the blood vessel where embolism occurs or atherosclerotic plaque occurs.
A large number of transmissible modes exist in the multimode fiber, the core diameter is generally dozens of microns to hundreds of microns, the numerical aperture is generally about 0.2 and is obviously larger than the parameters of the single-mode fiber, and the optical field can transmit a large amount of information in parallel in a single multimode fiber, so that the problem of thick aperture of the single-mode fiber can be solved, superfine endoscopy is realized, noninvasive inspection on a complex blood vessel of a human body is realized, and intravascular information is intuitively and accurately acquired.
However, due to the serious modal dispersion problem inside the multimode fiber, the transmitted image has serious distortion, and the laser illumination imaging has serious speckle, the output image of the multimode fiber needs to be reconstructed. In the conventional reconstruction method, the multimode optical fiber is regarded as a linear time-invariant system, an output optical field is calculated according to the transmission characteristic and an input optical field of the multimode optical fiber, or the multimode optical fiber is reconstructed by performing phase compensation in an imaging process by measuring the phase shift amount of the multimode optical fiber in advance, but the methods are based on the priori knowledge of the specific multimode optical fiber and have poor universality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a angioscope based on optical fiber imaging and a method thereof, which combine an artificial intelligence algorithm and multimode optical fiber imaging to achieve the aim of realizing intuitive and clear imaging effect in blood vessels.
In order to achieve the above object, the angioscope based on optical fiber imaging disclosed by the invention mainly comprises: artificial intelligence image processing module, pipe, seal wire, formation of image optic fibre, illumination optic fibre, microprobe, laser source. This novel angioscope uses artificial intelligence image processing module as the core, through the training and the study of artificial intelligence algorithm in advance, makes this module possess the ability of rebuilding the speckle image that multimode fiber imaging obtained, combines other hardware components, can be fast, real-time, clear, audio-visual acquisition intravascular image, has made things convenient for the acquisition of doctor to patient's intravascular information greatly to realize more high-efficient, accurate diagnosis and operation.
Preferably, the artificial intelligence software module in the artificial intelligence image processing module is developed by using a deep learning network, and in a development stage, the deep learning network is used for learning and training an image data set and a speckle image data set generated by corresponding optical fiber imaging to obtain the deep learning network capable of reconstructing and restoring the speckle image generated by the optical fiber imaging; in the application stage, the deep learning network is used for reconstructing and restoring the input speckle images to obtain clear images in the blood vessels.
Preferably, the image acquisition-processing hardware module in the artificial intelligence image processing module uses a CMOS camera and a computer, the CMOS camera acquires speckle image information transmitted by an imaging optical fiber, a lens uses a microscope objective to perform amplification, so that the acquired image is processed conveniently, and the computer carries a deep learning network; in the development stage, a spatial light modulator is used for displaying an image data set, an imaging optical fiber is used for imaging and transmitting a displayed image, an image acquisition-processing hardware module is used for acquiring a speckle image, and the speckle image is input into a deep learning network for learning and training; in the application stage, an image acquisition-processing hardware module is used for acquiring images and combining a deep learning network to complete image reconstruction and restoration, so that a clear image in a blood vessel is obtained.
Preferably, the catheter is made of high polymer materials, carries an imaging optical fiber, an illuminating optical fiber and a microprobe, comprises a guide wire cavity, and is convenient to determine the position of the angioscope when the tail end of the catheter is provided with a metal ring which is not transparent to X rays.
Preferably, the imaging optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber which can transmit a large number of modes and can realize complete acquisition of intravascular information.
Preferably, the illumination fiber is a single-mode fiber, and transmits laser emitted by the laser light source to illuminate the blood vessel.
Preferably, the microprobe is a micro microscope objective, is made of a micro lens, and reduces and images the image to the end face of the imaging optical fiber for transmission.
Preferably, the laser light source is low-power continuous laser, and the wavelength is selected from an infrared band or a green band.
The invention also provides an intravascular imaging method based on optical fiber imaging, which comprises two stages:
and (3) in a development stage:
step S1, building an integral component structure of the angioscope;
step S2, displaying the image of the image data set by using a spatial light modulator, turning on a laser light source for illumination, transmitting the image to an artificial intelligent image processing module through a microprobe and an imaging optical fiber, collecting a speckle image by a CMOS camera, and inputting the speckle image into a deep learning network for learning and training;
step S3, repeating step S2 until the deep learning network can reconstruct the speckle image into a clear image in the image data set;
an application stage:
step S1, advancing the angioscope catheter along the guide wire to reach the position to be observed in the blood vessel;
and step S2, turning on a laser light source for illumination, acquiring an image, and obtaining a clear image by using an artificial intelligent image processing module to realize clear observation of the intravascular image.
The invention has the following effects:
1. the angioscope and the method based on the optical fiber imaging, disclosed by the invention, take an artificial intelligence image processing module as a core, and adopt an artificial intelligence algorithm to reconstruct and restore the speckle image imaged by the optical fiber, so that the definition of the image and the reliability of image restoration are greatly improved, and the real-time, rapid and visual intravascular imaging effect is realized.
2. The angioscope and the method based on optical fiber imaging disclosed by the invention take multimode optical fibers as imaging optical fibers, compared with the traditional endoscope, the angioscope and the method based on optical fiber imaging greatly reduce the diameter size, have higher flexibility and can be used in most of blood vessels in a human body.
3. The angioscope based on optical fiber imaging and the method have the advantages of simple structure, convenience in manufacturing and integration, low cost and convenience in popularization and promotion.
Attached drawings of patent
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail specific embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic overall composition diagram of an embodiment of a angioscope based on fiber imaging according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a angioscope tip used in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fiber imaging optical path used in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall composition of an embodiment of a angioscope based on optical fiber imaging, which mainly includes an artificial intelligence image processing module, a catheter 1, a guide wire 2, an imaging optical fiber 31, an illumination optical fiber 3, a microprobe 21, and a laser light source 4, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross section of a terminal of the angioscope used in the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber imaging light path principle used in the embodiment of the present invention.
This embodiment uses artificial intelligence image processing module as the core, through the training and the study of artificial intelligence algorithm in advance, makes this module possess the ability of rebuilding the speckle image that multimode fiber imaging obtained, combines other hardware components, can be fast, real-time, clear, audio-visual acquireing intravascular image, has made things convenient for the acquisition of doctor to patient's intravascular information greatly to realize more high-efficient, accurate diagnosis and operation.
An artificial intelligence software module in the artificial intelligence image processing module is developed by adopting a DenseUnet deep learning network based on a pytorch frame, and in a development stage, the DenseUnet network is used for learning and training an image data set and a speckle image data set generated by corresponding optical fiber imaging to obtain a DenseUnet network capable of reconstructing and restoring the speckle image generated by the optical fiber imaging; in the application stage, the network is used for reconstructing and restoring the input speckle images to obtain clear images in the blood vessels.
The image acquisition-processing hardware module in the artificial intelligence image processing module uses a CMOS camera 6 and a computer 9, the CMOS camera 6 acquires speckle image information transmitted by an imaging optical fiber 31, a lens uses a microscope objective 5, the magnification is 100, the magnification plays a role in amplification, the acquired image is convenient to process, and the computer 9 carries a trained DenseUnet network; in the development stage, a spatial light modulator is used for displaying an image data set, an imaging optical fiber 31 is used for imaging and transmitting a displayed image, an image acquisition-processing hardware module is used for acquiring a speckle image, and the speckle image is input into a DenseUnet network for learning and training; in the application stage, an image acquisition-processing hardware module is used for acquiring images and a DenseUnet network is used for completing image reconstruction and restoration to obtain clear images in blood vessels.
The catheter 1 is made of high polymer materials, carries an imaging optical fiber 31, an illuminating optical fiber 3 and a microprobe 21, and comprises a guide wire cavity 22, wherein the inner diameter of the guide wire cavity is 0.365-0.37 mm; the distal end of the catheter 1 contains an X-ray opaque metal ring 10 of platinum to facilitate determination of the angioscope position during use.
The guide wire 2 has a diameter of about 0.36mm and enters the catheter 1 through the guide wire port 7, and is located at an eccentric position of the catheter 1, as shown in fig. 2.
The imaging optical fiber 31 is a multimode optical fiber, has a diameter of 125-200 μm and a numerical aperture of 0.15-0.16, can transmit a large number of modes, and can completely acquire intravascular information, and an imaging optical path is shown in fig. 3.
The illumination fiber 3 is a single mode fiber with a diameter of 50-75 μm, transmits laser emitted by a laser light source to illuminate the blood vessel, and enters the catheter 1 through an illumination fiber interface 8 as shown in fig. 3.
The microprobe 21 is a micro-objective lens with a magnification of 40, is made of a micro-lens, and reduces and images the image to the end face of the imaging optical fiber for transmission, as shown in fig. 3.
The laser light source 4 is low-power continuous laser with the wavelength of 1064 nm.
The invention also provides an intravascular imaging method based on optical fiber imaging, which comprises two stages:
and (3) in a development stage:
step S1, building an integral component structure of the angioscope;
step S2, displaying the image of the image data set by using a spatial light modulator, turning on a laser light source 4 for illumination, transmitting the image to an artificial intelligent image processing module through a microprobe 21 and an imaging optical fiber 31, collecting a speckle image by a CMOS camera 6, and inputting the speckle image into a DenseUnet network for learning and training;
step S3, repeating step S2 until the DenseUnet network can reconstruct the speckle image into a clear image in the image data set;
an application stage:
step S1, advancing the angioscope catheter 1 along the guide wire 2 to reach the position to be observed in the blood vessel;
and step S2, turning on the laser light source 4 to illuminate, acquiring an image, and using the artificial intelligent image processing module to acquire a clear image to realize clear observation of the intravascular image.
The embodiment of the invention takes the artificial intelligence image processing module as a core, adopts the artificial intelligence algorithm to reconstruct and restore the speckle image imaged by the optical fiber, and takes the multimode optical fiber as the imaging optical fiber, compared with the traditional endoscope, the diameter size is greatly reduced, the endoscope has higher flexibility, the endoscope can be used in most blood vessels in a human body, the image definition and the image restoration reliability are obviously improved, and the real-time, quick and visual intravascular imaging effect is realized.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a angioscope based on optical fiber imaging, includes artificial intelligence image processing module, pipe, seal wire, formation of image optic fibre, illumination optic fibre, microprobe, laser source, its characterized in that: the artificial intelligent image processing module comprises an artificial intelligent software module and an image acquisition-processing hardware module and is used for reconstructing and restoring the speckle image transmitted by the imaging optical fiber; the catheter is a main carrier of the angioscope, carries an imaging optical fiber, an illuminating optical fiber and a microprobe and comprises a guide wire cavity; the guide wire is used for guiding the direction of the angioscope and is positioned in the guide wire cavity of the catheter; the imaging optical fiber is used for transmitting image information and is connected with the microscopic probe; the illumination optical fiber provides enough illumination for imaging and is connected with the laser light source; the microscopic probe is mainly a miniature microscope objective and is used for reducing and imaging the image to the end face of the imaging optical fiber for transmission; the laser light source provides illumination for imaging and adopts wavelength with high transmittance in human blood.
2. The fiber optic imaging-based angioscope of claim 1, characterized in that: in the development stage, an artificial intelligence software module in the artificial intelligence image processing module utilizes an artificial intelligence algorithm (such as machine learning, deep learning and the like) to learn and train an image data set and a speckle image data set generated by corresponding optical fiber imaging, and obtains artificial intelligence image processing program software capable of reconstructing and restoring the speckle image generated by the optical fiber imaging; in the application stage, the developed artificial intelligence image processing program software can be used for reconstructing and restoring the input speckle images to obtain clear images in the blood vessels.
3. The fiber optic imaging-based angioscope of claim 1, characterized in that: the image acquisition-processing hardware module in the artificial intelligent image processing module mainly comprises a CCD/CMOS camera and a computer, wherein the CCD/CMOS camera acquires speckle image information transmitted by an imaging optical fiber, a lens uses a microscope objective to play an amplification role so as to facilitate the processing of the acquired image, and the computer is provided with an artificial intelligent software module; in the development stage, a display or a spatial light modulator is used for displaying an image data set, an imaging optical fiber is used for imaging and transmitting a displayed image, an image acquisition-processing hardware module is used for acquiring a speckle image, and the speckle image is input into an artificial intelligence software module for learning and training; in the application stage, an image acquisition-processing hardware module can be used for acquiring images and is combined with an artificial intelligence software module to complete image reconstruction and restoration, so that a clear image in a blood vessel is obtained.
4. The fiber optic imaging-based angioscope of claim 1, characterized in that: the catheter is made of high polymer materials, carries an imaging optical fiber, an illuminating optical fiber and a microprobe, comprises a guide wire cavity, and the tail end of the guide wire cavity comprises a metal ring which is opaque to X rays, so that the position of the angioscope can be conveniently determined during use.
5. The fiber optic imaging-based angioscope of claim 1, characterized in that: the guide wire is used for guiding the direction of the angioscope, and the diameter of the guide wire is slightly smaller than or almost equal to the diameter of a guide wire cavity in the catheter.
6. The fiber optic imaging-based angioscope of claim 1, characterized in that: the imaging optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber, can transmit a large number of modes and can completely acquire intravascular information.
7. The fiber optic imaging-based angioscope of claim 1, characterized in that: the illumination optical fiber transmits laser emitted by the laser light source to illuminate the blood vessel.
8. The fiber optic imaging-based angioscope of claim 1, characterized in that: the microprobe is a micro microscope objective and is made of a micro lens, and the image is reduced and imaged on the end face of the imaging optical fiber for transmission.
9. The fiber optic imaging-based angioscope of claim 1, characterized in that: the laser light source is low-power continuous laser, and the wavelength is the wavelength with higher transmittance in human blood.
10. An intravascular imaging method based on fiber optic imaging, comprising: the method is applicable to the angioscope of any one of claims 1-9, the method comprising two stages:
and (3) in a development stage:
step S1, building an integral component structure of the angioscope;
step S2, using a display or a spatial light modulator to display the image of the image data set, turning on a laser light source for illumination, transmitting the image to an artificial intelligence image processing module through a microprobe and an imaging optical fiber, collecting speckle images by a CCD/CMOS camera, and inputting the images into an artificial intelligence software module for learning and training;
step S3, repeating step S2 until the artificial intelligence image processing module can reconstruct the speckle image into a clear image in the image data set;
an application stage:
step S1, advancing the angioscope catheter along the guide wire to reach the position to be observed in the blood vessel;
and step S2, turning on a laser light source for illumination, acquiring an image, and obtaining a clear image by using an artificial intelligent image processing module to realize clear observation of the intravascular image.
CN202210135427.7A 2022-02-14 2022-02-14 Angioscope and method based on optical fiber imaging Pending CN114403794A (en)

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CN202210135427.7A CN114403794A (en) 2022-02-14 2022-02-14 Angioscope and method based on optical fiber imaging

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210135427.7A CN114403794A (en) 2022-02-14 2022-02-14 Angioscope and method based on optical fiber imaging

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