CN114402998A - Improved variety screening method for efficient cultivation of apocarya on hilly fields - Google Patents
Improved variety screening method for efficient cultivation of apocarya on hilly fields Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/12—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
- A01H1/122—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of apocarya cultivation, and discloses a fine variety screening method for efficient apocarya cultivation in hilly fields. This a fine breed screening method for hilly land apocarya high efficiency cultivation screens out and shows excellent fine breed at Xuyi hilly land, selects high yield performance, and the fine breed that suits to promote at Xuyi county hilly mountain area walnut producing area promotes plants, forms the industry advantage locally to can provide the important function to innovatively establishing hilly land apocarya cultivation technical system, promote mountain area land operational benefits, develop the woody oil industry, not only protect cultivated land non-farming but also provide help for oil safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of apocarya cultivation, in particular to a fine variety screening method for efficient cultivation of apocarya on hilly fields.
Background
The pecan nut is large, the color of the nut is delicious, the nut is not astringent, the nutrition is rich, and the oil content is about 72 percent, which is better than that of oil tea 44 percent, walnut 60 percent and shinyleaf yellowhorn 57 percent; the content of unsaturated fatty acid is 97 percent, which is superior to 91 percent of tea oil, 89 percent of walnut oil, 82 percent of peanut oil, 70 percent of cottonseed oil, 86 percent of soybean oil and 86 percent of corn oil, 11 percent of protein and 13 percent of carbohydrate, contains various amino acids which are beneficial to human bodies, is higher than that of olive oil, and is also rich in vitamin B1 and B2, the kernel has the heat of about 32kJ/kg, is suitable for eating without cooking, frying and pressing, has the effects of warming intestines and tonifying kidney, relieving cough and moistening lung, enriching blood and beautifying, strengthening brain and improving intelligence and the like, and is a world famous high-grade dried fruit.
Aiming at the problems of relatively poor soil and low economic output and the like in the Xuyi county hilly mountain land, by introducing the economic forest fruit varieties such as carya illinoensis, Chinese herbaceous peony and the like, developing ecological and efficient cultivation technical innovation and integrated application research, screening a batch of excellent and new ecological economic tree species or varieties, and researching and integrating a set of efficient high-yield cultivation and three-dimensional compound operation technical mode; the method comprises the steps of establishing a high-standard demonstration base, driving surrounding farmers, promoting adjustment and upgrading of local agricultural industrial structures, screening improved varieties of apocarya suitable for planting on hilly posts, taking the improved varieties of apocarya bred at home and abroad as objects, widely collecting excellent varieties with high quality, high yield, fast growth, resistance to diseases and insect pests, integrating field afforestation tests, indoor pot tests and physiological and biochemical measurement results, and screening excellent improved varieties on Xuyi posts.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fine variety screening method for efficient cultivation of apocarya on hilly fields, which has the advantages of high efficiency and the like, and solves the problem that the varieties screened by the existing screening method are not fine enough.
(II) technical scheme
In order to realize the high-efficiency purpose of the screening method, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an improved variety screening method for efficient cultivation of apocarya on hilly fields is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) firstly, taking improved variety of apocarya bred at home and abroad as an object, and widely collecting excellent variety with high quality, high yield, fast growth, resistance to diseases and insect pests;
2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) integrating field afforestation tests, indoor pot culture tests and physiological and biochemical measurement results, investigating the growth conditions of field test garden sample plants, investigating and counting the branch composition conditions and result conditions of the test sample plants after two months, continuously investigating the climate (low temperature, high temperature, rainfall and the like) and the stress resistance performance of trees in a test garden, and performing preliminary evaluation;
3) at last, the Xuyi hilly area shows excellent fine variety, the selected high yield performance is good, and the Xuyi hilly mountain walnut yield area is suitable for popularization and planting, so that the large-scale production is facilitated, the industrial advantage is formed, the market competitiveness of the carya illinoensis is improved, and the income of farmers is increased.
Preferably, in the aspect of disease and pest resistance, comprehensive control technologies such as a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, a sex attractant, natural enemy release and the like are researched, the harm of stem borers such as longicorn, wood moth and the like and other leaf eating pests is controlled, the use of chemical pesticides is reduced as much as possible, and the growth of forest trees and the quality safety of forest products are guaranteed.
Preferably, in a field afforestation test, the influence of measures such as organic and inorganic compound fertilization on soil physical and chemical properties and forest growth is researched in the aspects of soil improvement and formulated fertilization technologies, the proper nutrient proportion and material consumption are determined, soil nutrient determination and forest nutrient diagnosis are carried out, the influence of formulated fertilization on fruit yield and quality is researched, and a typical stand-by typical forest fruit mode fertilization scheme is provided
Preferably, the indoor potting test is a plant cultivation test performed under artificial simulation and artificial control conditions in a greenhouse, a net room or an artificial climate box or other facilities with a growth medium placed in a special container, and is beneficial to precisely measuring the effect of test factors because conditions such as moisture, nutrients, even temperature, illumination and the like can be strictly controlled.
Preferably, the pest control methods mainly comprise the following steps: firstly, physical prevention and control: in the garden, birds and black light lamps are placed to trap and kill imagoes, and the imagoes are artificially captured; II, chemical prevention and control: spraying lime sulfur mixture before the walnut germination to kill overwintering pests, spraying 1 st pesticide time before the young moths eat the fruits at the initial stage of egg laying of adult walnuts of the acrostichopus armyworms, spraying 25% of chlorbenzuron 1500-fold liquid and high-efficiency cypermethrin 1000-fold liquid, spraying 1 time every 10 days, in the active period of the larvas of the codling moths, filling DDVP absorbent cotton into holes to kill the larvae or cut off insect branches to burn, stripping soil at the root neck parts, injecting 40% of dimethoate emulsion 20-fold liquid into the holes, sealing by using moist soil, and killing the larvae.
Preferably, the control method comprises the steps that in the pest damage period (generally 7-8 months), larvae discharge pest excrement at the damage parts of the larvae, the larvae are easy to identify, at the moment, dichlorvos (stock solution or diluted by 5-10 times) are injected into the pest holes by an injection method, and then cotton balls or mud is used for sealing to control.
Preferably, the bark moths in the pest-resistant aspect are favored to be clustered at the beginning, invade as pests at the wound, invade the hypodermis phloem at the initial stage, gradually invade the sapwood, eat the sapwood in pieces at the lower part of the bark, then scatter to drill and eat towards the heartwood part, enter the stem, and finish the development stage of the larvae in the stem, the stem is eaten into countless mutually communicated pore channels, the bark moths of elm bark moths are transferred to the root after being aged 4 to be harmful, the bark moths of the root neck are firstly eaten and peeled off, then the stem is transversely drilled and eaten towards the heartwood up and down, and the larva of the salix mongolica moths are all damaged at the root all the time.
Preferably, in the aspect of disease resistance, diseased fruits and diseased leaves are timely removed and taken out of the garden to avoid large-area outbreak, and before female flowers bloom, after the female flowers bloom and in the young fruit period (5-6 months), the 1:2:200 folds of Bordeaux mixture or the 500-800 folds of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder is sprayed for 1 time, so that a good disease prevention effect can be achieved.
Preferably, the walnut trees are harvested after fruits are ripe for 8-9 months, peeled, aired and stored in a dry mode, the selected excellent seeds are soaked in cold water for 2-3 days in the middle 3 months, the seeds are taken out and mixed with wet sand, the wet sand is piled at the position facing the sun, the height of the wet sand is 30-35cm, the wet sand with the thickness of 0cm is covered on the position facing the sun, the seeds are watered for 1 time every day to keep moist, a straw curtain or a thin film is covered at the night for moisture preservation and heat preservation, the shells crack and are exposed to be white in 10-15 days, sowing can be carried out 1 time every day, and the seeds are sowed in batches, and the seeds are sowed in a moisture-tight mode during sowing.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides an improved variety screening method for efficient cultivation of apocarya on hilly fields, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. this a fine breed screening method for hilly area apocarya high efficiency cultivation, through taking the apocarya fine breed of breeding at home and abroad as the object, extensively collect high-quality, high yield, fast-growing, good variety of anti-tolerance and disease and pest resistance, synthesize field afforestation experiment and indoor potted plant experiment, physiology biochemical assay result, investigate field pilot plant growing situation, and make preliminary evaluation, screen out at last and show excellent fine breed at Xuyi hilly area, it is good to elect high yield performance, the good variety that is suitable for promoting at Xuyi county hilly mountain area walnut production area, promote the planting, form the industrial advantage locally.
2. The improved variety screening method for the efficient cultivation of the carya illinoensis on hilly lands can provide an important role for innovatively establishing a cultivation technical system of the carya illinoensis on hilly lands, improve the land operational benefits of the hilly lands, develop the woody oil industry, protect cultivated lands from non-farming and provide help for oil safety, serve as the traditional industry of China, become an important source for providing healthy and high-quality edible vegetable oil, meanwhile, the woody oil is an economic tree species and an ecological tree species, is a green bank for planting yields for many years, mainly grows in low-hilly areas, has good growth environment, long growth period and high oil nutrition and health care value, belongs to high-end vegetable oil, promotes the high-quality development of the woody oil edible oil represented by tea oil and the like, the three-yield sale is taken as a locomotive to drive the planting of the first yield and the processing of the second yield, the first yield, the second yield and the third yield are integrated and developed, the woody oil industry is greatly developed, the consumption of high-end edible oil is expanded, and the method has important significance for improving the structure and the health condition of the edible oil of the people.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An improved variety screening method for efficient cultivation of apocarya on hilly fields comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, selecting improved variety of apocarya bred at home and abroad as an object, collecting superior tree clues, selecting candidate superior trees from actual forest stands according to the optimal standard, widely collecting superior varieties with high quality, high yield, fast growth, resistance to diseases and insect pests, introducing superior seed sources or superior trees, timely collecting seeds according to natural conditions of production areas, and establishing a different-place storage base of cross-climate and germplasm resources in different areas.
2) And secondary selection, namely continuously and actually measuring the single-plant fruit yield and fruit rot of the candidate superior tree for 2 years, and continuing to serve as the candidate superior tree when the index of the minimum fruit yield is reached or exceeded and the fruit rot rate is lower than the index requirement.
3) The field afforestation test, the indoor pot test and the physiological and biochemical measurement result are integrated, the growth condition of the field test garden sample plant is investigated, and the field afforestation test is carried out; adopting experiment design methods such as random block, and the like, wherein each family is more than 50 plants; taking local main planting seed sources as a control, and the row spacing of afforestation plants is 3.5m multiplied by 3.5 m; and selecting the measured plots as consistent as possible, wherein the site conditions of different cells in the same block are consistent, the branch composition condition and the result condition of the test sample plant are investigated and counted after two months, the climate (low temperature, high temperature, rainfall and the like) and the tree stress resistance performance of the test garden are continuously investigated, and the preliminary evaluation is made.
4) The method mainly comprises the steps of measuring the growth character, the flowering and fruiting quantity and the disease and pest resistance character in the first year, and measuring the tree body character, the fresh pod yield, the seed oil content and the disease and pest resistance character in the second to fifth year full bearing period; continuously measuring for 3-4 years, and comparing with control; the yield character is calculated according to the actual density, the average plant fruit yield, the seed yield and the oil content in the current year; the yield per unit area or average single plant is 20% higher than the control yield, or is superior to the standard deviation which is more than 2 times of the total average of all the tested families.
5) And finally, screening excellent varieties which are excellent in performance at the Xuyi hilly land, selecting excellent high yield performance and are suitable for popularization in the Xuyi county and hilly walnut producing area, filing a superior tree registration table, establishing file materials including related information such as measured material sources, cultivation methods, experimental design, forestation conditions, experimental forest construction, tending management, annual survey data, field planting pictures and the like for each experimental forest stand, shooting superior tree photos, depicting superior tree position schematic diagrams, recording necessary additional instructions and carrying out popularization and planting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the improved variety screening method for the efficient cultivation of the carya illinoensis on the hilly lands is characterized in that improved varieties of carya illinoensis which are bred at home and abroad are taken as objects, the high-quality, high-yield, fast-growing, resistant and disease and insect resistant excellent varieties are widely collected, the field afforestation test and the indoor pot test and the physiological and biochemical measurement results are integrated, the growth conditions of the sample plants in the field test gardens are investigated, preliminary evaluation is carried out, finally, the excellent varieties which are excellent in performance on the Xuyi hilly lands are screened out, the excellent varieties which are good in yield performance and suitable for being popularized in the mountain walnut production areas of Xuyi counties are selected out for popularization and planting, the industrial advantages are formed locally, the carya illinoensis which is suitable for being planted in Xuyi counties is screened out, so that the important role is provided for innovatively establishing a cultivation technical system of the carya illinoensis on the hilly lands, the operational benefits of the mountainous lands are improved, the development of woody oil plants, the non-farming of the lands is protected, and the oil plants are also provided for the safety of the oil plants, as the traditional industry of China, the woody oil industry becomes an important source for providing healthy and high-quality edible vegetable oil, meanwhile, the woody oil is both an economic tree species and an ecological tree species, is a green bank which is planted for many years, and the woody oil tree species such as walnut and the like mainly grow in low hilly areas, has good growth environment, long growth period and high oil nutrition and health care value, belongs to high-end vegetable oil, promotes the high-quality development of the woody oil edible oil represented by tea oil and the like, drives the first-yield planting and the second-yield processing by taking the three-yield sale as a locomotive, and has important significance for improving the structure and the health condition of the edible oil of people.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. An improved variety screening method for efficient cultivation of apocarya on hilly fields is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) firstly, taking improved variety of apocarya bred at home and abroad as an object, collecting superior tree clues, selecting candidate superior trees in a seedling forest stand according to the selection criteria, and widely collecting excellent varieties with high quality, high yield, fast growth, resistance to diseases and insect pests;
2) re-selecting to continuously and actually measure the single-plant fruit yield and fruit rot of the candidate superior tree for 2 years to reach or exceed the minimum fruit yield index, and continuously taking the candidate superior tree with the fruit rot rate lower than the index requirement;
3) the method comprises the following steps of (1) integrating field afforestation tests, indoor pot culture tests and physiological and biochemical measurement results, investigating the growth conditions of field test garden sample plants, investigating and counting the branch composition conditions and result conditions of the test sample plants after two months, continuously investigating the climate (low temperature, high temperature, rainfall and the like) and the stress resistance performance of trees in a test garden, and performing preliminary evaluation;
4) and finally, screening excellent varieties which are excellent in performance at the Xuyi post land, selecting excellent varieties which are good in yield and suitable for popularization in the Xuyi county and hilly walnut producing areas, filing a superior tree registration table, taking a superior tree photo, drawing a superior tree position schematic diagram, recording necessary additional instructions, and carrying out popularization and planting.
2. The method for screening improved varieties for efficient cultivation of carya illinoensis on hilly posts as claimed in claim 1, wherein comprehensive control technologies such as a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, a sex attractant and a natural enemy release are integrated in research on disease and pest resistance, so that the harm of trunk-boring pests such as longicorn beetles and wood moths and other leaf-eating pests is controlled, the use of chemical pesticides is reduced as much as possible, and the growth of forest trees and the quality safety of forest products are guaranteed.
3. The improved variety screening method for the efficient cultivation of carya illinoensis on hilly fields is characterized in that in a field afforestation test, through researching the influence of measures such as organic and inorganic compound fertilization on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the growth of forest trees in the aspects of soil improvement and formulated fertilization technologies, determining the proper nutrient proportion and material consumption, carrying out soil nutrient determination and forest tree nutrition diagnosis, researching the influence of formulated fertilization on the yield and quality of fruits, and providing a typical stand-by forest fruit mode fertilization scheme.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the indoor pot culture test is a plant culture test in a special container in a greenhouse, a net room or a climatic chamber under artificial simulation and artificial control conditions, which can strictly control the water, nutrient, temperature and illumination conditions, thereby precisely measuring the effect of test factors.
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pest control method comprises the following steps: firstly, physical prevention and control: in the garden, birds and black light lamps are placed to trap and kill imagoes, and the imagoes are artificially captured; II, chemical prevention and control: spraying lime sulfur mixture before the walnut germination to kill overwintering pests, spraying 1 st pesticide time before the young moths eat the fruits at the initial stage of egg laying of adult walnuts of the acrostichopus armyworms, spraying 25% of chlorbenzuron 1500-fold liquid and high-efficiency cypermethrin 1000-fold liquid, spraying 1 time every 10 days, in the active period of the larvas of the codling moths, filling DDVP absorbent cotton into holes to kill the larvae or cut off insect branches to burn, stripping soil at the root neck parts, injecting 40% of dimethoate emulsion 20-fold liquid into the holes, sealing by using moist soil, and killing the larvae.
6. The improved variety screening method for efficient cultivation of carya illinoensis on hilly fields is characterized in that the longicorn in the pest-resistant aspect is damaged by more new longicorn, adult longicorn gnats the bark of the carya illinoensis, larvae dig into the xylem to be damaged, branches and stems are broken by strong wind due to being eaten, the control method comprises the steps that in the damage period of the larvae (generally 7-8 months), the larvae discharge insect dung at the damage positions of the larvae, the larvae are easy to recognize, and at the moment, dichlorvos (stock solution or diluted 5-10 times) are injected into insect holes by an injection method and then are sealed by cotton balls or mud for control.
7. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the moth larvae are gathered and invaded into the injury site as a pest, invade the phloem of the bark at the beginning, gradually invade the saphenous wood, eat the bark of the bark in pieces, then scatter to the core wood and enter the trunk, and finish the development stage of the larvae, the trunk is eaten into countless interconnected pore channels, the moth larvae are transplanted to the roots after 4 th instar and are damaged, the cortex of the root neck is eaten first, then the bark of the elm is eaten transversely or vertically, and the moth larvae of the bark of the salix are all damaged at the roots all the time.
8. The improved variety screening method for efficient cultivation of carya illinoensis on hilly fields is characterized in that in the aspect of disease resistance, diseased fruits and diseased leaves are timely removed and taken out of a garden to avoid large-area outbreak, and before female flowers bloom, after blooming and in the young fruit period (5-6 months), 1:2:200 folds of Bordeaux mixture or 50% of thiophanate methyl wettable powder is sprayed for 1 time with 500-800 folds of the mixture, so that a better disease prevention effect can be achieved.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the walnut tree is harvested after 8-9 months of ripe fruit, peeled, air dried, and dry stored, the selected good seeds are soaked in cold water for 2-3 days in 3 months of middle ten days, the seeds are mixed with wet sand after being taken out, piled in the position facing the sun, 30-35cm high, covered with wet sand with a thickness of 0cm, watered 1 time per day to keep moist, covered with grass curtains or films at night to keep moist and warm, the shells are cracked and white after 10-15 days, and the seeds can be sowed, 1 time per day is selected, sowed in batches, and sowed in a soil moisture manner.
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Application publication date: 20220429 |