CN114402876A - 一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法 - Google Patents
一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法,在处于大棚苗期的香蕉育苗基质内掺入由干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒打成的粉末,干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒粉三者重量和与香蕉育苗基质干比为1:30,且,干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒粉重量比为1:1:1。本发明防治方法可防治花叶心腐病、蚜虫、潜叶蛾、红蜘蛛等病虫害,也可防治蛴螬、蝼蛄等地下害虫,减少用药、降低防治成本、减少环境污染、降低工作人员受药害的风险,并能保证香蕉苗的健康生长,具有重要的生产意义。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉农业领域,具体属于一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法。
背景技术
香蕉组培苗的推广种植已20多年的历史,每年都需要供应大量的香蕉组培苗。香蕉大棚苗期假植期间的主要病虫害有叶瘟病、蚜虫、斜纹夜蛾等,为了提高组培苗的成活率和蕉苗质量,需要及时进行病虫害防治。传统的苗期病虫害防治主要以药物化学防治为主,但育苗棚是较为封闭的工作环境,喷施化学农药后工作环境易受化学农药的污染,给工作人员的身体造成一定的影响。并且,随着化肥农药减施政策的普及,除了常规的化学药物防治方法外,急需要一些绿色环保的防治方式,既可减少用药、降低防治成本,又可以减少环境污染、降低工作人员受药害的风险。
发明人针对香蕉大棚苗期假植期间的主要病虫害的防治开展调查研究,开展了系列试验,经过多年的总结和实践,研究出一套香蕉大棚苗期假植期间的主要病虫害绿色防治的方法,利用该方法可有效降低香蕉苗期病虫害的发生,减少化学农药的使用,降低防治成本,又可以减少环境污染、降低工作人员受药害的风险。利用本发明的方法可用于一般香蕉大棚苗期的病虫害防治,也可为其他作物大棚育苗期间的病虫害防治提供参考。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法,要解决现有技术药物化学防治方法易对操作人员产生人身危害的技术问题;并解决现有技术药物化学防治因用量不当损伤幼苗的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法,其特征在于:
步骤一、香蕉育苗基质准备:在香蕉处于大棚苗期时,将营养土和椰糠按比例混合后杀菌形成初始育苗基质,在初始育苗基质内掺入由干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒打成的粉末,并混匀形成香蕉育苗基质;干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒粉三者重量和与初始育苗基质干比为1:30,且,干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒粉重量比为1:1:1;
步骤二、装袋并移栽:在育苗袋装入所述香蕉育苗基质,至育苗袋体积的2/3以上,之后移栽大棚苗,并把育苗袋放置育苗架上;育苗袋选用无纺布育苗袋,装基质前直径为9.5cm,高11.0cm;
步骤三、施加熟石灰粉:大棚苗长出第一片新叶至出棚前一周,每隔15-20天,每次先在叶面喷清水,后立刻撒施备好的熟石灰粉,至叶面有一层薄薄的粉末状,熟石灰粉用量为1-3g/株。
步骤四、灌注饱和熟石灰水和枫杨叶提取液:大棚苗从长出2~3片新叶至出棚前一周,每隔5-7天,首次采用点喷、下午4~6点喷枫杨叶提取液,次次采用水壶灌注、并于上午灌注饱和熟石灰水,如此,饱和熟石灰水和枫杨叶提取液按次交替使用。
进一步优选地,步骤一中营养土和椰糠重量比为1:2~1:4,混匀后,用高猛酸钾1000倍液淋透至使其含水量达到100%,淋透后进行室外晾晒或放入35℃烘箱里烘干至微润状态形成所述初始育苗基质。
进一步地,步骤四中饱和熟石灰水和枫杨叶提取液交替灌注期间,香蕉育苗基质含水量少于40%时及时补充水份。
进一步地,所述枫杨叶提取液替换为蓖麻叶浸泡液,所述蓖麻叶浸泡液由干蓖麻叶捣碎后与水按1:20的重量比浸泡24 h后,过滤获得。
此外,所述枫杨叶提取液由干枫杨叶捣烂后与水按1:100的比例浸泡24h,过滤获得。
更加优选地,还包括以下步骤:每次灌注完成饱和熟石灰水和枫杨叶提取液之后的隔天,喷施草木灰混合物;所述草木灰混合物由草木灰、烟草捣碎后的碎屑、清水按1:1:5的重量比混合浸泡24小时后,过滤获得。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下特点和有益效果:
本发明防治方法可防治花叶心腐病、蚜虫、潜叶蛾、红蜘蛛等病虫害,也可防治蛴螬、蝼蛄等地下害虫,减少用药、降低防治成本、减少环境污染、降低工作人员受药害的风险,并能保证香蕉苗的健康生长,具有重要的生产意义。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创新特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面对本发明进一步说明。
在此记载的实施例为本发明的特定的具体实施方式,用于说明本发明的构思,均是解释性和示例性的,不应解释为对本发明实施方式及本发明范围的限制。除在此记载的实施例外,本领域技术人员还能够基于本申请权利要求书和说明书所公开的内容采用显而易见的其它技术方案,这些技术方案包括采用对在此记载的实施例的做出任何显而易见的替换和修改的技术方案。
一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法,其特征在于:
步骤一、将营养土和椰糠按1:2~1:4的重量比混匀,混匀后,用高猛酸钾1000倍液淋透一遍,淋透的标志是基质含水量达到100%,之后待水分蒸发至混匀物微润可以太阳晒,也可以放到35℃左右的烘箱里烘;
步骤二、将干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒用粉碎机打成50-100目的粉末,按1:1:1的重量比混合,再与备好的椰糠和营养土混匀物按1:30的干比混合,获得育苗基质,把育苗基质放入育苗袋中,在大棚内将组培苗移植育苗袋内形成杯苗,育苗袋为无纺布育苗袋,装基质前直径为9.5cm,高11.0cm;干蓖麻叶:地蛴螬、老虎等地下害虫的危害,艾草:可防治红蜘蛛、菜青虫等害虫,花椒:可防治蚜虫、叶蝉、白粉虱等;
熟石灰粉过60至100目筛子,备用;种苗种好恢复生长至长出第一片新叶后开始施用,施用前先在叶面喷清水,之后立刻撒施备好的熟石灰粉,至叶面有一层薄薄的粉末状,一般每次用量为1-3g/株,15-20天撒一次,出棚前1周停止使用,清水+熟石灰粉喷撒叶面的主要目的在于杀菌,香蕉大棚苗夏天2个月左右出棚,冬天3-4个月出棚,因此熟石灰粉撒施夏天1~2轮,冬天2~3轮;
步骤三、种苗移栽后新长2~3片叶时,一般一个星期长一片新叶,也即形成杯苗后的2~3个星期之后,以饱和熟石灰水和蓖麻叶浸泡液交替灌注,先用蓖麻叶浸泡液后用饱和熟石灰水,首次采用点喷的方式,下午4~6点喷蓖麻叶浸泡液,下次用水壶灌注的方式,次上午灌注饱和熟石灰水,交替进行,下午喷施对潜夜蛾幼虫妨害有奇效,每次灌注或点喷至营养土含水量达到60%以上,自叶面向下点喷或灌注,每5-7天淋施一次,中间过程营养土含水量低于40%进行适量补水,两者交替使用,蓖麻叶浸泡液为干蓖麻叶捣碎,和水按1:20的重量比浸泡24h后过滤获得。
或者将上述蓖麻叶浸泡液替换为枫杨叶提取液,枫杨叶提取液为:将干枫杨叶捣烂,和水按1:100的比例浸泡24h,取滤液,饱和熟石灰水主要用于杀菌,枫杨叶提取液和蓖麻叶浸泡液为针对防蚜虫、潜夜蛾、红蜘蛛、黏虫、蚧壳虫等的植物防虫剂,干蓖麻叶还用于防地蛴螬。
步骤四,完成每次饱和熟石灰水、蓖麻叶浸泡液或枫杨叶提取液灌注或点喷后的隔天,将草木灰、烟草捣碎、清水按1:1:5的比例浸泡24小时,过滤后取滤液,同样每5-7天喷雾喷施一次,第三步骤操作完成后的,隔天喷雾第四步骤,主要为了防止淋水量过大,营养土水肥含量过高,草木灰防蚜虫,烟草提取物可用于对付蚜虫、潜叶蛾等,也可以被用作合成杀虫剂的代用物,用来控制白蝇和介壳虫。
整个过程采用薄膜大棚培育培养,育苗基质含水量60-70%,大棚温度为25-32℃,湿度60-80%,夏季采用40-60%遮阳网遮光。
若上述过程中大棚管理不当,比如没有控好大棚内的湿度和温度,依然出现病虫害,需要用生化病虫害方法。
下面提供本申请防治方法的而具体实施方式:
实施例1
2017年10月,在广西南宁市某区育苗大棚,繁育香蕉组培苗1000株。
具体栽培方法,包括以下列步骤:
1、营养土和椰糠按1:3的重量比称量好,将椰糠泡发好后与营养土混匀,将高猛酸钾颗粒按1000倍液溶解好,将混匀物淋透一遍,待水分蒸发至混匀物微润,备用,将干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒碾成细粉,按1:1:1的重量比混合,再与备好的椰糠和营养土混匀物按1:30的干重比混合,即为育苗基质。
2、将育苗袋洗净,在大棚内种植,熟石灰粉过60目筛子,备用,种苗恢复生长后开始施用,施用前先在叶面喷清水,之后立刻取备好的熟石灰粉1.0 kg,撒施至香蕉苗叶面有一层薄薄的粉末,20天后取备好的熟石灰粉1.5 kg再撒一次。
3、种苗恢复生长后,提前备好枫杨叶提取液,以饱和熟石灰水或枫杨叶提取液,按上述灌注和点喷方法,每5-7天淋施交替施用。
4、将草木灰、烟草粉、清水按1:1:5的比例浸泡24小时,过滤后取滤液,每5-7天喷雾喷施一次。
5、期间不使用任何化学农药,其他水肥管理按常规管理方式进行,直至出棚,整个育苗期无明显病虫害发生。
实施例2
2018年3月,在在广西南宁市某区育苗大棚,繁育粉蕉组培苗1500株。
具体栽培方法,包括以下列步骤:
1、营养土和椰糠按1:3的重量比称量好,将椰糠泡发好后与营养土混匀,将高猛酸钾颗粒按1000倍液溶解好,将混匀物淋透一遍,待水分蒸发至混匀物微润,备用,将干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒碾成细粉,按1:1:1的重量比混合,再与备好的椰糠和营养土混匀物按1:30的干重比混合,即为育苗基质。
2、将育苗袋洗净,种植,熟石灰粉过100目筛子,备用,种苗恢复生长后开始施用,施用前先在叶面喷清水,之后立即取备好的熟石灰粉1.5 kg,撒施至粉蕉苗叶面有一层薄薄的粉末,20天后取备好的熟石灰粉2.0 kg再撒一次。
3、种苗恢复生长后,开始淋施饱和熟石灰水或蓖麻叶浸泡液,提前将蓖麻叶浸泡液为干蓖麻叶粉和水按1:20的重量比浸泡24h后过滤获得滤液,先点喷蓖麻叶浸泡液,后用水壶灌注的方式淋施蓖麻叶浸泡液,每5-7天一次,饱和熟石灰水和蓖麻叶浸泡液交替使用。
4、将草木灰、烟草粉、清水按1:1:5的比例浸泡24小时,过滤后取滤液,每5-7天喷雾喷施一次。
5、期间不适用任何化学农药,其他水肥管理按常规管理方式进行,直至出棚,整个育苗期无明显病虫害发生。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法,其特征在于:
步骤一、香蕉育苗基质准备:在香蕉处于大棚苗期时,将营养土和椰糠按比例混合后杀菌形成初始育苗基质,在初始育苗基质内掺入由干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒打成的粉末,并混匀形成香蕉育苗基质;干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒粉三者重量和与初始育苗基质干比为1:30,且,干蓖麻叶、艾草、花椒粉重量比为1:1:1;
步骤二、装袋并移栽:在育苗袋装入所述香蕉育苗基质,至育苗袋体积的2/3以上,之后移栽大棚苗,并把育苗袋放置育苗架上;育苗袋选用无纺布育苗袋,直径为9.5cm,高11.0cm;
步骤三、施加熟石灰粉:大棚苗长出第一片新叶至出棚前一周,每隔15-20天,每次先在叶面喷清水,后立刻撒施备好的熟石灰粉,至叶面有一层薄薄的粉末状,熟石灰粉用量为1-3g/株;
步骤四、灌注饱和熟石灰水和枫杨叶提取液:大棚苗从长出2~3片新叶至出棚前一周,每隔5-7天,首次采用点喷、下午4~6点喷枫杨叶提取液,次次采用水壶灌注、并于上午灌注饱和熟石灰水,如此,饱和熟石灰水和枫杨叶提取液按次交替使用。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法,其特征在于:步骤一中营养土和椰糠重量比为1:2~1:4,混匀后,用高猛酸钾1000倍液淋透至使其含水量达到100%,淋透后进行室外晾晒或放入35℃烘箱里烘干至微润状态形成所述初始育苗基质。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法,其特征在于:步骤四中饱和熟石灰水和枫杨叶提取液交替灌注期间,香蕉育苗基质含水量少于40%时及时补充水份。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法,其特征在于:所述枫杨叶提取液替换为蓖麻叶浸泡液,所述蓖麻叶浸泡液由干蓖麻叶捣碎后与水按1:20的重量比浸泡24 h后,过滤获得。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法,其特征在于:所述枫杨叶提取液由干枫杨叶捣烂后与水按1:100的比例浸泡24h,过滤获得。
6.如权利要求3所述的一种香蕉大棚苗期的绿色病虫害防治方法,其特征在于:还包括以下步骤:每次灌注完成饱和熟石灰水和枫杨叶提取液之后的隔天,喷施草木灰混合物;所述草木灰混合物由草木灰、烟草捣碎后的碎屑、清水按1:1:5的重量比混合浸泡24小时后,过滤获得。
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