CN114400805A - Rotor structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
Rotor structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN114400805A CN114400805A CN202210083268.0A CN202210083268A CN114400805A CN 114400805 A CN114400805 A CN 114400805A CN 202210083268 A CN202210083268 A CN 202210083268A CN 114400805 A CN114400805 A CN 114400805A
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 39
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开的一种永磁同步电机的转子结构,包括:转轴,转轴绕轴线转动;转子铁芯,转子铁芯套接于转轴外侧;永磁体组,永磁体组设置于转子铁芯外侧;填充物,填充物设置于转子铁芯外侧,且填充物与永磁体组之间形成有斜槽;复合护套,复合护套套接于永磁体组和填充物外侧,复合护套包括:导热层,导热层包裹永磁体组和填充物设置;护套环,护套环沿轴线方向间隔包绕在导热层外侧。本发明主要解决了传统永磁同步电机转子散热困难的问题。
The invention discloses a rotor structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, comprising: a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft rotates around the axis; a rotor iron core, the rotor iron core is sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft; a permanent magnet group, the permanent magnet group is arranged outside the rotor iron core; A filler, the filler is arranged on the outside of the rotor core, and a chute is formed between the filler and the permanent magnet group; a composite sheath, the composite sheath is sleeved on the outer side of the permanent magnet group and the filler, and the composite sheath includes: heat conduction layer, the heat-conducting layer is arranged by wrapping the permanent magnet group and the filler; the sheath ring, the sheath ring is wrapped around the outer side of the heat-conducting layer at intervals along the axis direction. The invention mainly solves the problem of difficult heat dissipation of the rotor of the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电机技术领域,更具体而言,涉及一种永磁同步电机的转子结构。The present invention relates to the technical field of motors, and more particularly, to a rotor structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
背景技术Background technique
现有技术中,高速永磁同步电机在工业上的特殊应用引起了人们的关注,高速永磁同步电机已经成为一种不可或缺的技术,特别是在高容量紧凑型系统,如机床主轴驱动,涡轮压缩机和微型涡轮机,高速永磁电机可以直接耦合到驱动器或涡轮机上,而不需要一个单独的机械齿轮来获得高旋转转矩。In the prior art, the special application of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor in industry has attracted attention, and high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor has become an indispensable technology, especially in high-capacity compact systems, such as machine tool spindle drives. , turbo compressors and micro-turbines, high-speed permanent magnet motors can be directly coupled to the drive or turbine without the need for a separate mechanical gear for high rotational torque.
但由于电机中转子高速旋转引起的机械应力,高频输入功率造成的功率损耗,需要改进控制、轴承、散热和冷却技术,可能会出现各种电气、机械问题;现有对转子散热冷却的方法,直接通过轴向通风,这样的方式使转子与冷却气体分离,尤其是永磁体仅能实现外表面与冷却气体接触,永磁体散热不充分导致永磁体发生退磁,最终使高速电机崩溃,同时传统的护套结构存在护套过厚而大幅增加涡流损耗以及转子散热难等问题,而使用薄护套又无法满足高强度要求。However, due to the mechanical stress caused by the high-speed rotation of the rotor in the motor and the power loss caused by the high-frequency input power, it is necessary to improve the control, bearing, heat dissipation and cooling technology, and various electrical and mechanical problems may occur. , directly through axial ventilation, in this way, the rotor is separated from the cooling gas, especially the permanent magnet can only realize the contact between the outer surface and the cooling gas. There are problems such as excessively thick sheath, which greatly increases the eddy current loss and difficulty in heat dissipation of the rotor, and the use of thin sheaths cannot meet the high-strength requirements.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种永磁同步电机的转子结构,即能满足高速电机额定工况运行、保护永磁体,同时大幅提高转子散热能力且转子涡流损耗不会大量增加。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a rotor structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, which can meet the rated operating conditions of the high-speed motor, protect the permanent magnet, and at the same time greatly improve the heat dissipation capacity of the rotor without greatly increasing the rotor eddy current loss.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种永磁同步电机的转子结构,包括:A rotor structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, comprising:
转轴,转轴绕轴线转动;A rotating shaft, the rotating shaft rotates around an axis;
转子铁芯,转子铁芯套接于转轴外侧;The rotor iron core is sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft;
永磁体组,永磁体组设置于转子铁芯外侧;Permanent magnet group, the permanent magnet group is arranged outside the rotor core;
复合护套,复合护套套接于永磁体组外侧,复合护套包括:Composite sheath, the composite sheath is sleeved on the outside of the permanent magnet group, and the composite sheath includes:
导热层,导热层包裹永磁体组设置,导热层用于传导热量;The thermal conductive layer is arranged by wrapping the permanent magnet group, and the thermal conductive layer is used to conduct heat;
护套环,护套环沿轴线方向间隔包绕在导热层外侧,护套环用于提高复合护套的强度;A sheath ring, which is wrapped around the outer side of the heat conduction layer at intervals along the axis direction, and the sheath ring is used to improve the strength of the composite sheath;
填充物,填充物设置于转子铁芯与复合护套之间,填充物与永磁体组至少部分贴合,且贴合处临近复合护套的轴向两端,且填充物与永磁体组之间形成有斜槽,斜槽开口方向基本与轴线方向平行,斜槽用于增大永磁体组与空气的接触面积。The filler, the filler is arranged between the rotor core and the composite sheath, the filler and the permanent magnet group are at least partially adhered, and the abutting place is adjacent to the axial ends of the composite sheath, and the filler and the permanent magnet group are in contact with each other. An inclined slot is formed between the two, the opening direction of the inclined slot is basically parallel to the axis direction, and the inclined slot is used to increase the contact area between the permanent magnet group and the air.
可优选的,永磁体组包括永磁体,永磁体形状为扇环体,且该扇环体圆心位于轴线上。Preferably, the permanent magnet group includes permanent magnets, the shape of the permanent magnets is a sector ring body, and the center of the sector ring body is located on the axis.
可优选的,永磁体至少设有两个,永磁体组中的永磁体基本沿轴线方向设置。Preferably, there are at least two permanent magnets, and the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet group are basically arranged along the axis direction.
可优选的,永磁体组内的各个永磁体完全相同,且单个永磁体组内的永磁体呈阶梯状排列,单个永磁体组与填充物之间形成两道斜槽,且两道斜槽开口方向相反。Preferably, each permanent magnet in the permanent magnet group is exactly the same, and the permanent magnets in a single permanent magnet group are arranged in a stepped shape, and two inclined slots are formed between the single permanent magnet group and the filler, and the two inclined slots are open. In the opposite direction.
可优选的,永磁体组内的各个永磁体长度不同,且单个永磁体组内的永磁体按长度变长或变短沿轴线方向依次排列,且单个永磁体组内的永磁体其中一侧均与填充物贴合,单个永磁体组内长度最长的永磁体与另一填充物贴合。Preferably, the lengths of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet group are different, and the permanent magnets in a single permanent magnet group are arranged in sequence along the axis direction according to the lengths becoming longer or shorter, and one side of the permanent magnets in the single permanent magnet group is both. Fitted with the filler, the longest permanent magnet in a single permanent magnet group is fitted with another filler.
可优选的,填充物形状为扇环体,且扇环体圆心位于轴线上,填充物围绕轴线设置。Preferably, the shape of the filler is a sector ring body, the center of the sector ring body is located on the axis, and the filler is arranged around the axis.
可优选的,填充物包括:Preferably, the filler includes:
通风道,通风道沿轴线方向贯穿填充物。The ventilation channel runs through the filler along the axis direction.
可优选的,复合护套还包括:Preferably, the composite sheath further includes:
环形槽,环形槽沿轴线方向间隔设置于导热层外侧,护套环套接于环形槽内。The annular groove is arranged on the outer side of the heat conduction layer at intervals along the axis direction, and the sheath ring is sleeved in the annular groove.
可优选的,导热层的材料为铁合金、铝合金或钛合金中的至少一种。Preferably, the material of the heat-conducting layer is at least one of iron alloy, aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.
可优选的,护套环的材料为碳纤维、凯夫拉或尼龙中的至少一种。Preferably, the material of the sheath ring is at least one of carbon fiber, Kevlar or nylon.
本发明与现有技术相比,至少具有以下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
本发明的一种永磁同步电机的转子结构中,通过设置永磁体组中的永磁体为阶梯状排列,并通过填充物与永磁体组中的首尾永磁体贴合,从而形成斜槽,斜槽开口朝向转子结构外侧,且增大永磁体与空气的接触面积,从而提高散热效率。In the rotor structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention, the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet group are arranged in a stepped arrangement, and the fillers are attached to the head and tail permanent magnets in the permanent magnet group, so as to form inclined grooves. The opening of the slot faces the outside of the rotor structure, and the contact area between the permanent magnet and the air is increased, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency.
其次,本发明的转子结构中,复合护套由两种材料组成,实现复合护套小厚度,大强度的效果,且复合护套厚度变薄变相提高转子结构的散热效率。Secondly, in the rotor structure of the present invention, the composite sheath is composed of two materials, which realizes the effect of small thickness and high strength of the composite sheath, and the thickness of the composite sheath is reduced to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the rotor structure.
此外,本发明的转子结构中,通过设置填充物与永磁体组贴合避免永磁体的角穿刺复合护套,从而实现保护复合护套的目的;填充物内设置通风道,有利于转子结构的散热;且导热层上设置环槽,环槽有利于固定护套环,避免护套环脱离导热层。In addition, in the rotor structure of the present invention, by setting the filler and the permanent magnet to fit together to avoid the corner puncture of the composite sheath by the permanent magnet, the purpose of protecting the composite sheath is achieved; Heat dissipation; and a ring groove is arranged on the heat conduction layer, and the ring groove is beneficial to fix the sheath ring and prevent the sheath ring from being separated from the heat conduction layer.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本申请的一种永磁同步电机的转子结构的轴侧示意图;1 is an axial schematic diagram of a rotor structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the application;
图2为本申请的一种永磁同步电机的转子结构的主视图;Fig. 2 is the front view of the rotor structure of a kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor of the application;
图3为本申请的一种永磁同步电机的转子结构的俯视图;3 is a top view of a rotor structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the application;
图4为图3中沿A-A方向的剖视图;Fig. 4 is a sectional view along the A-A direction in Fig. 3;
图5为本申请一种实现方式去除复合护套后的轴侧示意图;FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the axial side after the composite sheath is removed in an implementation manner of the application;
图6为本申请一种实现方式去除复合护套后的俯视图;FIG. 6 is a top view of an implementation manner of the application after removing the composite sheath;
图7为本申请另一种实现方式去除复合护套后的轴侧示意图;7 is a schematic diagram of the axial side after the composite sheath is removed in another implementation manner of the present application;
图8为本申请另一种实现方式去除复合护套后的俯视图。FIG. 8 is a top view of another implementation manner of the present application after the composite sheath is removed.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例一:Example 1:
参照图1至图4,本实施例的一种永磁同步电机的转子结构100,包括转轴11、转子铁芯12、永磁体组13、填充物14和复合护套15。且转轴11、转子铁芯12、永磁体组13和复合护套15,自内向外依次设置,且填充物14与永磁体组13处于同一层。转轴11绕轴线101转动;转子铁芯12套接于转轴11外侧;永磁体组13设置于转子铁芯12外侧;复合护套15套接于永磁体组13外侧,复合护套15包括:导热层151和护套环152,导热层151包裹永磁体组13设置,导热层151用于传导热量,护套环152沿轴线方向间隔包绕在导热层151外侧,护套环152用于提高复合护套15的强度;填充物14,填充物14设置于转子铁芯12与复合护套15之间,填充物14与永磁体组13至少部分贴合,且贴合处临近复合护套15的轴向两端,且填充物14与永磁体组13之间形成有斜槽16,斜槽16开口方向基本与轴线101方向平行,斜槽16用于增大永磁体组13与空气的接触面积。1 to 4 , a
其中,转轴11绕轴线101转动,转子铁芯12套接于转轴11外侧,转轴11转动带动转子铁芯12转动,即转子铁芯12也绕轴线101转动。可以理解的,转轴11的形状为圆柱体,转子铁芯12的形状为环体,该环体套接于该圆柱体外侧,且该圆柱体转动带动该环体同步转动。永磁体组13和填充物14设置于转子铁芯12外侧,且永磁体组13呈圆周阵列设置于转子铁芯12外侧,该圆周阵列的圆心位于轴线101上。填充物14与永磁体组13之间形成斜槽16,斜槽16开口沿轴线方向朝向转子结构100外侧,斜槽16能增大永磁体组13与空气的接触面积,从而增大永磁体组13的散热面积,即有利于转子结构100的散热。复合护套15套接于永磁体组13和填充物14外侧,复合护套15的设置能防止转子结构100高速转动下永磁体131脱离转子结构100。复合护套15包括导热层151和护套环152,导热层151包裹永磁体组13和填充物14,导热层151用于传导转子结构100的热量,即导热层151吸收转子结构100内部的热量,并通过导热层151与外界空气的热交换实现散热,护套环152沿轴线101方向间隔包绕在导热层151外侧设置,护套环152能增强复合护套15的强度,且护套环152呈间隔设置能减小护套环152对导热层151的影响。The rotating
参照图1至图4,复合护套15中的导热层151包裹永磁体组13和填充物14设置,护套环152沿轴线101方向间隔包绕在导热层151外侧设置。其中,导热层151用于传导热量,即转子结构100内部的热量传导至导热层151,导热层151通过与空气的热交换进行散热。导热层151导热效率越高,转子结构100散热性能越好。导热层151的材料为铁合金、铝合金或钛合金中的至少一种,上述材料具有高导热性,能有效传导热量,从而提高转子结构100散热效果。护套环152用于绑扎导热层151,提高复合护套15的强度和刚度,从而降低导热层151的强度需求,即导热层151的厚度可以变薄,从而变相提高散热效率,并降低复合护套15过厚引起的涡流损耗。护套环152的材料为碳纤维、凯夫拉或尼龙中的至少一种,上述材料具有耐高温、抗摩擦、导电、导热以及耐腐蚀等优点,且碳纤维等材料相比于铁合金等材料,其材质更柔软,但导热性更差。复合护套15安装时设置有过盈量,该过盈量能在转子结构100高速转动时,抵御离心力,从而保护永磁体131。可以理解的,该过盈量基本通过护套环152实现,护套环152绑扎导热层151,从而实现复合护套15过盈量的设置。显而易见的,由铁合金等材料制成的复合护套15,其导热性强、导电性强、厚度大,导热性强能提高复合护套15的散热效率,导电性强易导致复合护套15中涡流损耗大,厚度大不利于转子结构100散热;通过碳纤维等材料制成的复合护套15,厚度小、抗拉强度大、导电性弱、抗冲击能力强、抗尖锐物体的穿刺能力弱、导热性弱,厚度小有利于复合护套15散热且能降低成本,抗拉强度大且抗冲击能力强能提高复合护套15的强度,导电性弱能减小复合护套15中涡流的损耗,抗冲击能力强能有效避免复合护套15凹陷,抗尖锐物体穿刺能力弱不利于复合护套15包裹永磁体131,导热性弱不利于复合护套15散热。综上所述,由铁合金等材料和碳纤维等材料组合形成的复合护套15,即本实施例中的复合护套15,由铁合金等材料制成的导热层151厚度薄,能有效提高复合护套15的散热效率并降低复合护套15的制造成本,且降低复合护套15中涡流的损耗。设置导热层151包裹永磁体131,可降低永磁体131对复合护套15的穿刺可能性。由碳纤维等材料制成的护套环152绑扎导热层151,碳纤维的高抗拉强度能有效实现复合护套15与永磁体组13之间的过盈量配合,碳纤维等材料的强抗冲击能力能有效避免复合护套15的凹陷,护套环152间隔设置,使导热层151与空气接触面积接近最大化,有效避免护套环152阻碍导热层151的散热。1 to 4 , the thermally
复合护套15还包括环槽153,且环槽153沿轴线101方向间隔设置于导热层151外侧,环槽153向导热层151内凹陷。护套环152设置于环槽153内,能有效避免护套环152脱离导热层151。其次,环槽153能增大护套环152与导热层151的接触面积,护套环152对导热层151压力不变的情况下,护套环152与导热层151接触面积越大,导热层151受到的压强越小,从而减小导热层151的负荷,变相延长导热层151的使用寿命,即延长转子结构100的使用寿命。环槽153的截面形状与护套环152的截面形状基本配合,即护套环152能完全填满环槽153,从而使导热层151表面光滑平整。The
参照图5至图6,永磁体组13包括若干个永磁体131,即永磁体组13由若干个永磁体131组成。单个永磁体组13内的永磁体131基本沿轴线101方向设置,且基本呈阶梯状排列。可以理解的,单个永磁体组13由若干个永磁体组成,且该若干个永磁体131基本沿轴线101方向设置,可抑制电机运行时大涡流的形成,从而降低涡流损耗。可以理解的,永磁体131通过粘接的方式固定于转子铁芯12外侧,从而便于单个永磁体组13内的若干个永磁体131呈阶梯状排列。可以理解的,单个永磁体组13内的永磁体131数量至少为两个,从而使永磁体组13与填充物14之间形成斜槽16。其中,永磁体131位于转子铁芯12和导热层151之间,为提高空间利用率,永磁体131与转子铁芯12贴合,即永磁体131至少存在一个侧面对应转子铁芯12的外曲面,即永磁体131至少存在一个侧面为弧面,且弧面的圆心位于轴线101上。导热层151包裹永磁体组13设置,传统转子结构100中的复合护套15为环体,本实施例中的导热层151也设置为环体,导热层151设置成环体相比于设置成其他形状,能提高空间利用率,减小复合护套15形变可能性,且有利于复合护套15过盈量的设置。为配合导热层151的环体形状,并提高空间利用率,永磁体131至少存在一个侧面对应导热层151的内曲面,即永磁体131至少存在一个侧面为弧面,且弧面的圆心位于轴线101上。综上所述,永磁体131为配合转子铁芯12的外曲面以及导热层151的内曲面,永磁体131至少存在两个侧面为弧面,且两个弧面的圆心均位于轴线101上。本实施例中,设置永磁体131形状为扇环体,扇环体至少设有两个侧面为弧面,且该两个弧面的圆心一致。此外,扇环体也有利于阶梯状排列,从而简化永磁体131的设置。5 to 6 , the
参照图2、图5和图6,填充物14位于转子铁芯12与导热层151之间,填充物14用于支撑复合护套15,避免复合护套15凹陷。填充物14可以设置为扇环体,从而使填充物14的其中一个弧面与转子铁芯12外曲面贴合,并使填充物14的另一个弧面与导热层151内曲面贴合,提高填充物14对导热层151的支撑,避免导热层151凹陷,即避免复合护套15凹陷。可以理解的,填充物14的材料可以为环氧树脂,环氧树脂具有强度高、电绝缘性能好、能与各种材料粘接、以及其使用工艺灵活。此外,填充物14与永磁体组13之间形成有斜槽16,该斜槽16用于增大永磁体组13与空气的接触面积,从而有利于永磁体组13的散热。2 , 5 and 6 , the
填充物14与永磁体组13贴合,贴合的方式为:永磁体组13内沿轴线101方向设置的永磁体131中,其首尾的永磁体131与填充物14贴合,且首部永磁体131贴合一个填充物14的侧面,尾部永磁体131贴合另一个填充物14的侧面。其余永磁体131与填充物14分离,从而形成两个斜槽16,且两个斜槽16的开口沿轴线方向,且方向相反。该贴合方式使复合护套15在圆周方向上均受到填充物14与永磁体组13的支撑,从而避免复合护套15受压凹陷,即加强复合护套15的强度和刚度。可以理解的,斜槽16数量是永磁体组13数量的两倍,填充物14数量与永磁体组13数量相同。可以理解的,永磁体组13中首尾永磁体131与填充物14贴合,且该贴合方式能避免永磁体131的边缘与复合护套15接触,即避免永磁体131的边缘刺穿复合护套15,从而实现填充物14对复合护套15的保护,变相提高转子结构100的使用寿命。任一一永磁体组13内的永磁体131形状及其大小均完全相同,设置永磁体131形状及大小相同,能简化永磁体131加工步骤,从而降低转子结构100的制造成本,且使每个永磁体131性能相同,提高转子结构100运行时的平稳性。The
填充物14内还设有通风道141,通风道141用于提高转子结构100的散热效果。通风道141沿轴线101方向贯穿填充物14,当风从电机的端盖处进入时,风形成的风路基本沿轴线101方向延伸,即风路与通风道141基本平行,从而有利于风穿过转子结构100,风穿过转子结构100时,可以通过热交换带走部分转子结构100内的热量。风路与通风道141基本平行,能在转子结构100静止时,使通风道141的散热效果发挥至最大。A
实施例二:Embodiment 2:
参照图1至图4,本实施例的一种永磁同步电机的转子结构100,包括转轴11、转子铁芯12、永磁体组13、填充物14和复合护套15,且转轴11、转子铁芯12、永磁体组13和复合护套15,自内向外依次设置,且填充物14与永磁体组13处于同一层。其中,转轴11绕轴线101转动,转子铁芯12套接于转轴11外侧,转轴11转动带动转子铁芯12转动,即转子铁芯12也绕轴线101转动。可以理解的,转轴11的形状为圆柱体,转子铁芯12的形状为环体,该环体套接于该圆柱体外侧,且该圆柱体转动带动该环体同步转动。永磁体组13和填充物14设置于转子铁芯12外侧,且永磁体组13呈圆周阵列设置于转子铁芯12外侧,该圆周阵列的圆心位于轴线101上。填充物14与永磁体组13之间形成斜槽16,斜槽16开口沿轴线方向朝向转子结构100外侧,斜槽16能增大永磁体组13与空气的接触面积,从而增大永磁体组13的散热面积,即有利于转子结构100的散热。复合护套15套接于永磁体组13和填充物14外侧,复合护套15的设置能防止转子结构100高速转动下永磁体131脱离转子结构100。复合护套15包括导热层151和护套环152,导热层151包裹永磁体组13和填充物14,导热层151用于传导转子结构100的热量,即导热层151吸收转子结构100内部的热量,并通过导热层151与外界空气的热交换实现散热,护套环152沿轴线101方向间隔包绕在导热层151外侧设置,护套环152能增强复合护套15的强度,且护套环152呈间隔设置能减小护套环152对导热层151的影响。1 to 4 , a
参照图1至图4,复合护套15中的导热层151包裹永磁体组13和填充物14设置,护套环152沿轴线101方向间隔包绕在导热层151外侧设置。其中,导热层151用于传导热量,即转子结构100内部的热量传导至导热层151,导热层151通过与空气的热交换进行散热。导热层151导热效率越高,转子结构100散热性能越好。导热层151的材料为铁合金、铝合金或钛合金等,上述材料具有高导热性,能有效传导热量,从而提高转子结构100散热效果。护套环152用于绑扎导热层151,提高复合护套15的强度和刚度,从而降低导热层151的强度需求,即导热层151的厚度可以变薄,从而变相提高散热效率,并降低复合护套15过厚引起的涡流损耗。护套环152的材料为碳纤维、凯夫拉或尼龙等,上述材料具有耐高温、抗摩擦、导电、导热以及耐腐蚀等优点,且碳纤维等材料相比于铁合金等材料,其材质更柔软,但导热性更差。复合护套15安装时设置有过盈量,该过盈量能在转子结构100高速转动时,抵御离心力,从而保护永磁体131。可以理解的,该过盈量基本通过护套环152实现,护套环152绑扎导热层151,从而实现复合护套15过盈量的设置。显而易见的,由铁合金等材料制成的复合护套15,其导热性强、导电性强、厚度大,导热性强能提高复合护套15的散热效率,导电性强易导致复合护套15中涡流损耗大,厚度大不利于转子结构100散热;通过碳纤维等材料制成的复合护套15,厚度小、抗拉强度大、导电性弱、抗冲击能力强、抗尖锐物体的穿刺能力弱、导热性弱,厚度小有利于复合护套15散热且能降低成本,抗拉强度大且抗冲击能力强能提高复合护套15的强度,导电性弱能减小复合护套15中涡流的损耗,抗冲击能力强能有效避免复合护套15凹陷,抗尖锐物体穿刺能力弱不利于复合护套15包裹永磁体131,导热性弱不利于复合护套15散热。综上所述,由铁合金等材料和碳纤维等材料组合形成的复合护套15,即本实施例中的复合护套15,由铁合金等材料制成的导热层151厚度薄,能有效提高复合护套15的散热效率并降低复合护套15的制造成本,且降低复合护套15中涡流的损耗。设置导热层151包裹永磁体131,可降低永磁体131对复合护套15的穿刺可能性。由碳纤维等材料制成的护套环152绑扎导热层151,碳纤维的高抗拉强度能有效实现复合护套15与永磁体组13之间的过盈量配合,碳纤维等材料的强抗冲击能力能有效避免复合护套15的凹陷,护套环152间隔设置,使导热层151与空气接触面积接近最大化,有效避免护套环152阻碍导热层151的散热。1 to 4 , the thermally
复合护套15还包括环槽153,且环槽153沿轴线101方向间隔设置于导热层151外侧,环槽153向导热层151内凹陷。护套环152设置于环槽153内,能有效避免护套环152脱离导热层151。其次,环槽153能增大护套环152与导热层151的接触面积,护套环152对导热层151压力不变的情况下,护套环152与导热层151接触面积越大,导热层151受到的压强越小,从而减小导热层151的负荷,变相延长导热层151的使用寿命,即延长转子结构100的使用寿命。环槽153的截面形状与护套环152的截面形状基本配合,即护套环152能完全填满环槽153,从而使导热层151表面光滑平整。The
参照图7至图8,永磁体组13包括若干个永磁体131,即永磁体组13由若干个永磁体组成。永磁体组13内的各个永磁体131长度不同,且单个永磁体组13内的永磁体131按长度变长或变短沿轴线方向依次排列,且单个永磁体组13内的永磁体131其中一侧均与填充物14贴合,单个永磁体组13内长度最长的永磁体131与另一填充物14贴合。可以理解的,单个永磁体组13由若干个永磁体组成,且该若干个永磁体131基本沿轴线101方向设置,可抑制电机运行时大涡流的形成,从而降低涡流损耗。可以理解的,永磁体131通过粘接的方式固定于转子铁芯12外侧,从而便于单个永磁体组13内的若干个永磁体131排列。可以理解的,单个永磁体组13内的永磁体131数量至少为两个,从而使永磁体组13与填充物14之间形成斜槽16。其中,永磁体131位于转子铁芯12和导热层151之间,为提高空间利用率,永磁体131与转子铁芯12贴合,即永磁体131至少存在一个侧面对应转子铁芯12的外曲面,即永磁体131至少存在一个侧面为弧面,且弧面的圆心位于轴线101上。导热层151包裹永磁体组13设置,传统转子结构100中的复合护套15为环体,本实施例中的导热层151也设置为环体,导热层151设置成环体相比于设置成其他形状,能提高空间利用率,减小复合护套15形变可能性,且有利于复合护套15过盈量的设置。为配合导热层151的环体形状,并提高空间利用率,永磁体131至少存在一个侧面对应导热层151的内曲面,即永磁体131至少存在一个侧面为弧面,且弧面的圆心位于轴线101上。综上所述,永磁体131为配合转子铁芯12的外曲面以及导热层151的内曲面,永磁体131至少存在两个侧面为弧面,且两个弧面的圆心均位于轴线101上。本实施例中,设置永磁体131形状为扇环体,扇环体至少设有两个侧面为弧面,且该两个弧面的圆心一致。此外,扇环体也有利于阶梯状排列,从而简化永磁体131的设置。7 to 8 , the
参照图2、图7和图8,填充物14位于转子铁芯12与导热层151之间,填充物14用于提高转子结构100的刚度,避免复合护套15凹陷。填充物14可以设置为扇环体,从而使填充物14的其中一个弧面与转子铁芯12外曲面贴合,并使填充物14的另一个弧面与导热层151内曲面贴合,提高填充物14对导热层151的支撑,避免导热层151凹陷,即避免复合护套15凹陷。可以理解的,填充物14的材料可以为环氧树脂,环氧树脂具有强度高、电绝缘性能好、能与各种材料粘接、以及其使用工艺灵活。此外,填充物14与永磁体组13之间形成有斜槽16,该斜槽16用于增大永磁体组13与空气的接触面积,从而有利于永磁体组13的散热。Referring to FIGS. 2 , 7 and 8 , the
单一永磁体组13内的永磁体131形状与大小不同,且永磁体组13中的永磁体131均与填充物14的其中一个侧面贴合,且永磁体131呈阶梯状排列,即永磁体组13的首部或尾部的其中一个永磁体131与填充物14贴合,其他永磁体131不与填充物14的该侧面贴合,从而形成一个斜槽16,该方式能增加永磁体组13对复合护套15的支撑面积,从而提高复合护套15的强度和刚度,且电机中的风向一般为单一方向,永磁体组13与填充物14之间形成开口沿轴线方向且单向的斜槽16,且该斜槽16的开口与电机通入风的一端对应,从而提高散热效率。The
填充物14内还设有通风道141,通风道141用于提高转子结构100的散热效果。通风道141沿轴线101方向贯穿填充物14,当风从电机的端盖处进入时,风形成的风路基本沿轴线101方向延伸,即风路与通风道141基本平行,从而有利于风穿过转子结构100,风穿过转子结构100时,可以通过热交换带走部分转子结构100内的热量。风路与通风道141基本平行,能在转子结构100静止时,使通风道141的散热效果发挥至最大。A
现有技术中,永磁同步电机中的转子结构散热困难,转子结构中的永磁体与空气接触的面积受限,永磁体与空气接触的面积主要为永磁体的两个端面,且转子结构的复合护套结构存在复合护套过厚的问题,复合护套过厚不利于转子结构散热,且现有转子结构中的复合护套所使用的材料单一,存在局限性。本发明中的转子结构100,通过设置永磁体131呈阶梯状排列从而增大永磁体131与空气的接触面积,即增大永磁体131的散热面积,此外,本发明中的复合护套15所使用的材料多样,能提高散热效率的同时,产生诸多有益效果。In the prior art, the rotor structure in the permanent magnet synchronous motor is difficult to dissipate heat, the contact area between the permanent magnet and the air in the rotor structure is limited, the contact area between the permanent magnet and the air is mainly the two end faces of the permanent magnet, and the The composite sheath structure has the problem that the composite sheath is too thick, which is not conducive to the heat dissipation of the rotor structure, and the composite sheath in the existing rotor structure uses a single material, which has limitations. In the
上面仅对本发明的较佳实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明并不限于上述实施例,在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化,各种变化均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art, various aspects can also be made without departing from the purpose of the present invention. Various changes should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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