CN114400427B - Four-frequency power divider based on stepped impedance coupling line - Google Patents
Four-frequency power divider based on stepped impedance coupling line Download PDFInfo
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
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Abstract
The invention relates to a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupling line, which comprises a dielectric substrate and two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the double-section stepped impedance coupling lines comprise two connected and uncoupled stepped impedance coupling lines, the two stepped impedance coupling lines are arranged at an included angle, the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are symmetrically arranged and connected through an isolation resistor, and the included angles of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are close to each other; the input ends of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are connected with the input port feeder line, and the input ends of the double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are respectively connected with the first output port feeder line and the second output port feeder line; the four-frequency power divider utilizes a stepped impedance coupling line structure, has the advantages of small size, wide bandwidth, large frequency point span and the like, has good port isolation characteristic and power distribution characteristic, and is very suitable for modern mobile communication systems and millimeter wave radar systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of design of multi-frequency power dividers, in particular to a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupling line.
Background
With the rapid development of economy and technology, diversified information services are required, and thus various mobile communication standards such as GSM, CDMA, WIMAX, WLAN, etc. have been proposed. The limited spectrum resource puts more strict requirements on the division of the communication frequency band, which also makes the communication system move towards small size, high integration, etc. The power divider has the functions of distributing and combining power, and is widely applied to various microwave circuits. As the power divider is also becoming an important component in communication systems, the power divider is also becoming smaller and more highly integrated, and therefore research into multiband power dividers is becoming more and more important. Meanwhile, the power divider has very important significance in the field of millimeter wave radar systems.
The four-frequency power divider is realized based on two sections of transmission line structures of the coupling microstrip line, and has a complex structure and small span of the range of working frequency points; the four-frequency power divider is realized by utilizing the coupling wire section of the stepped impedance converter type, and the problems of complex structure and low isolation degree exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupling line, which solves the technical problems of insufficient miniaturization requirement, complex design structure and low isolation in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupling line comprises a dielectric substrate and two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the double-section stepped impedance coupling lines comprise two connected and uncoupled stepped impedance coupling lines, the two stepped impedance coupling lines are arranged at an included angle, the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are symmetrically arranged and connected through an isolation resistor, and the included angles of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are close to each other;
the input ends of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are connected with the input port feeder line, and the output ends of the double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are respectively connected with the first output port feeder line and the second output port feeder line.
Preferably, the stepped impedance coupling line includes two parallel coupling lines arranged at an interval, and one ends of the two coupling lines are connected.
Preferably, the coupling lines include a first section of coupling line and a second section of coupling line which are coaxial and connected, the width and the length of the first section of coupling line and the second section of coupling line are unequal, and the first sections of coupling lines of the two coupling lines are connected with each other.
Preferably, the dual-stage stepped impedance coupling line includes a first stepped impedance coupling line and a second stepped impedance coupling line which are connected in sequence;
the second stepped impedance coupling lines of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are coaxially arranged, the two first stepped impedance coupling lines are arranged at an included angle, and one end of the input port feeder line is connected with the connecting ends of the two first stepped impedance coupling lines.
Preferably, the other end of the input port feeder extends to a first side of the dielectric substrate, the first output port feeder and the second output port feeder extend to a second side of the dielectric substrate, and the first side and the second side are arranged in parallel.
Preferably, the isolation resistor comprises a first isolation impedance and a second isolation impedance;
and two ends of the first isolation impedance are respectively connected with the intersection points of two sections of stepped impedance coupling lines of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines.
And the second isolation impedance is respectively connected with the output ends of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines.
Preferably, the input port feeder line and the output port feeder line are microstrip line conduction bands.
Preferably, a metal grounding plate is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention relates to a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupling line, which combines two sections of coupling lines by utilizing the double resonance characteristic of the coupling lines to form a multi-resonance structure equivalent to a four-resonance unit, an input signal is input from an input port of the power divider to be equally divided, the input signal respectively passes through the two sections of stepped impedance coupling lines and two isolation resistors to generate four frequency points, and finally the four frequency points are output by two output ports of the power divider.
Furthermore, two sections of stepped impedance coupling lines of the double-section stepped impedance coupling line are arranged in an included angle, the isolation resistor is connected with the intersection point of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines, the size structure of the four-frequency power divider is reduced by adopting the arrangement structure, the four-frequency power divider can be realized on a single PCB, the processing integration is facilitated, and the production cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupling line according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupling line according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit configuration size of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is an S-parameter simulation and test chart of example 1.
Fig. 5 is an S-parameter simulation and test chart of the isolation characteristic of two power output ports of embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is an S-parameter simulation and test chart of the matching characteristic of the two power output ports of embodiment 1.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a processed product of example 1.
Fig. 8 is an S-parameter simulation and test chart of example 2.
Fig. 9 is an S-parameter simulation and test chart of the two power output port isolation characteristics of embodiment 2.
In the figure, 1, input port feeder; 2. a first output port feed line; 3. a second output port feed; 4. a first stepped impedance coupling line; 5. a second stepped impedance coupling line; 6. a third stepped impedance coupling line; 7. a fourth stepped impedance coupling line; 8. a first isolation resistor; 9. a second isolation resistor; coupled lines (41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62, 71, 72); 101. a dielectric substrate; 102. a metal ground plate; 103. a first side edge; 104. a second side edge.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line includes an input port, a first output port, a second output port, two dual-stage stepped impedance coupling lines and two isolation resistors, where the dual-stage stepped impedance coupling lines include two stages of connected and uncoupled stepped impedance coupling lines.
One end of each of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines is connected with the input port, the other end of each of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines is connected with the first output port and the second output port respectively, two ends of the first isolation resistor 8 are connected with the connecting ends of the two sections of coupling lines of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines respectively, and two ends of the second isolation resistor are connected with the first output port and the second output port respectively.
The two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are respectively a first double-section stepped impedance coupling line and a second double-section stepped impedance coupling line which have the same structure.
The first double-stage stepped impedance coupling line comprises a first stepped impedance coupling line 4 and a second stepped impedance coupling line 5 which are sequentially connected, and a multi-resonance structure equivalent to a four-resonance unit is formed.
The second two-stage stepped impedance coupling line comprises a third stepped impedance coupling line 6 and a fourth stepped impedance coupling line 7 which are connected in sequence, and a multi-resonance structure equivalent to a four-resonance unit is formed.
The first stepped impedance coupling line 4 comprises a coupling line 41 and a coupling line 42, and one end of the coupling line 41 is connected with one end of the coupling line 42 through a conducting wire 43; the second stepped-impedance coupling line 5 includes a coupling line 51 and a coupling line 52, and one ends of the coupling line 51 and the coupling line 52 are connected by a wire 53.
The third stepped impedance coupling line 6 comprises a coupling line 61 and a coupling line 62, and one end of the coupling line 61 is connected with one end of the coupling line 62 through a conducting wire 63; the fourth stepped impedance coupling line 7 includes a coupling line 71 and a coupling line 72, and one ends of the coupling line 71 and the coupling line 72 are connected by a wire 73.
The input port is connected with the other ends of the coupled line 41 and the coupled line 61; the first output port is connected with the other end of the coupling line 52 and the second isolation resistor 9; the second output port is connected to the other end of the coupling line 72 and the second isolation resistor 9, one end of the first isolation resistor 8 is connected to the connection end of the coupling line 42 and the coupling line 51, and the other end of the first isolation resistor 8 is connected to the connection end of the coupling line 62 and the coupling line 71.
The coupling lines (41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62, 71 and 72) are identical in structure and comprise a first section of coupling line and a second section of coupling line which are coaxial and connected, the widths and the lengths of the first section of coupling line and the second section of coupling line are different, and in the stepped impedance coupling line, the first section of coupling line of the two coupling lines is connected through a conducting wire.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupling line, including a dielectric substrate 101, a metal ground plate 102 is disposed on a bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 101, an input port feeder 1, a first output port feeder 2, a second output port feeder 3, and two symmetrically disposed dual-stage stepped impedance coupling lines are disposed on a top surface of the dielectric substrate 101, the two dual-stage stepped impedance coupling lines are connected through an isolation resistor, an input end of the dual-stage stepped impedance coupling line is connected to the input port feeder 1, and input ends of the dual-stage stepped impedance coupling line are respectively connected to the first output port feeder 2 and the second output port feeder 3.
The first double-stage stepped impedance coupling line comprises a first stepped impedance coupling line 4 and a second stepped impedance coupling line 5 which are connected and not coupled, the first stepped impedance coupling line 4 and the second stepped impedance coupling line 5 are arranged at an included angle and are connected through the intersection point of the included angle, in the embodiment, the first stepped impedance coupling line is obliquely arranged, and the second stepped impedance coupling line is vertically arranged.
The second double-stage stepped impedance coupling line comprises a third stepped impedance coupling line 6 and a fourth stepped impedance coupling line 7 which are connected and not coupled, and the third stepped impedance coupling line 6 and the fourth stepped impedance coupling line 7 are arranged in an included angle mode and are connected through an intersection point of the included angle.
The first double-stage stepped impedance coupling line and the second double-stage stepped impedance coupling line are symmetrically arranged, the intersection points of the first double-stage stepped impedance coupling line and the second double-stage stepped impedance coupling line are close to each other, and the isolation resistor is located between the two intersection points.
Since the first dual-stage ladder impedance coupling line and the second dual-stage ladder impedance coupling line have the same structure, the structure of the dual-stage ladder impedance coupling line will be described in detail below by taking the first dual-stage ladder impedance coupling line as an example.
The first stepped impedance coupling line 4 comprises two coupling lines 41 and 42 which are arranged in parallel and at intervals, and one ends of the coupling line 41 and one end of the coupling line 42 are connected through a conducting wire 43; the second stepped impedance coupling line 5 comprises two coupling lines 51 and 52 which are arranged in parallel and at intervals, one ends of the coupling lines 51 and 52 are connected through a conducting wire 53, and the first stepped impedance coupling line 4 and the second stepped impedance coupling line 5 are arranged at an included angle, wherein in the implementation, the included angle between the first stepped impedance coupling line 4 and the second stepped impedance coupling line 5 is 45 degrees.
The coupling lines comprise a first coupling line section and a second coupling line section which are coaxial, the width of the first coupling line section is smaller than that of the second coupling line section, and in the stepped impedance coupling line, the first coupling line sections of the two coupling lines are connected through a short circuit.
In the first dual-stage stepped impedance coupling line, the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 41 is connected with the input port feeder line 1, the first section of coupling line of the coupling line 41 is connected with the first section of coupling line of the coupling line 42, the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 42 is connected with the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 51, the first section of coupling line of the coupling line 51 is connected with the first section of coupling line of the coupling line 52, and the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 52 is connected with the first output port feeder line 2.
The third stepped impedance coupling line 6 comprises two parallel coupling lines 61 and 62 arranged at intervals, and one ends of the coupling line 61 and one end of the coupling line 62 are connected through a conducting wire 63; the fourth stepped impedance coupling line 7 includes two coupling lines 71 and 72 arranged in parallel and at an interval, and one ends of the coupling line 71 and the coupling line 52 are connected by a wire 73.
In the second dual-stage stepped impedance coupling line, the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 61 is connected with the input port feeder 1, the first section of coupling line of the coupling line 61 is connected with the first section of coupling line of the coupling line 62, the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 62 is connected with the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 71, the first section of coupling line of the coupling line 71 is connected with the first section of coupling line of the coupling line 72, and the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 72 is connected with the second output port feeder 3.
The isolation resistor comprises a first isolation resistor 8 and a second isolation resistor 9, one end of the first isolation resistor 8 is connected with the connecting ends of the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 42 and the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 51, the other end of the first isolation resistor 8 is connected with the connecting ends of the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 62 and the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 71, one end of the second isolation resistor 9 is connected with the connecting ends of the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 52 and the first output port feeder line 2, and the other end of the second isolation resistor 9 is connected with the connecting ends of the second section of coupling line of the coupling line 72 and the second output port feeder line 3.
In this embodiment, the input port feeder 1 is a first 50 ohm microstrip conduction band 10, one end of the first 50 ohm microstrip conduction band 10 extends to the first side 103 of the dielectric substrate 101, and the other end is connected to one end of the coupling line 41 and one end of the coupling line 61 respectively; the connection position of the first 50 ohm microstrip line conduction band 10 and the first side 103 of the dielectric substrate is an input end;
in this embodiment, the output Port feeder 2 is a second 50 ohm microstrip conduction band 11, one end of the second 50 ohm microstrip conduction band 11 extends to the second side edge 104 of the dielectric substrate 101, and a connection point between the second 50 ohm microstrip conduction band 11 and the second side edge 104 of the dielectric substrate 101 is a first output Port 2.
The output Port feeder 3 is a third 50 ohm microstrip line conduction band 12, one end of the third 50 ohm microstrip line conduction band 12 extends to a second side edge 104 of the dielectric substrate 101, the second side edge 104 and the first side edge 103 are parallel to each other, and a second output Port3 is arranged at the connection position of the third 50 ohm microstrip line conduction band 12 and the second side edge 104 of the dielectric substrate 101.
The embodiment processes and corrodes the metal surface on the front surface of the circuit substrate in the manufacturing process through the printed circuit board manufacturing process, thereby forming the required metal pattern, having simple structure, being capable of being realized on a single PCB and being beneficial to processing and integration. Meanwhile, the antenna has good port isolation characteristics and power distribution characteristics by utilizing a stepped impedance coupling line structure. On the other hand, the mobile communication system is small in size, easy to process and low in production cost, and is very suitable for modern mobile communication systems. The present invention is described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 3, the width of the first section of the two coupled lines of the first-step impedance coupled line is W 1， All lengths are L 1 The width of the second section of coupling line is W 2 All lengths are L 2 。
Two coupling lines of the second stepped impedance coupling line, the width of the first section of the coupling line is W 3 All lengths are L 3 Second sectionThe width of the coupled lines is W 4 All lengths are L 4 。
The dielectric substrate used had a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, a thickness of 0.7874mm and a loss tangent of 0.0009. With reference to fig. 2, the four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line has the following dimensional parameters: l is 1 ＝10.45，L 2 ＝10.50，L 3 ＝10.6，L 4 ＝10.5，W 1 ＝0.72，W 2 ＝1.25，W 3 ＝1.2，W 4 ＝1.8，S 1 ＝0.52，S 2 ＝0.38，S 3 ＝0.45，S 4 ＝0.45(unit：mm)，R 1 ＝111Ω，R 2 =201 Ω. The total area of the entire design was 5.6cm by 3.5cm. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line is modeled and simulated in electromagnetic simulation software HFSS 13.0. Fig. 4 is a graph of S parameter simulation and test of the four-frequency power divider in this example, and it can be seen from the graph that four frequency points of the four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line are 0.9ghz,1.8ghz,3.5ghz, and 4.4GHz, respectively, and corresponding insertion losses are-3.09 dB, -3.17dB, -3.58dB, and-3.85 dB, which are relatively close to an ideal value of-3 dB. Fig. 5 is an S-parameter simulation and test chart of the isolation characteristics of the two power output ports of the four-frequency power divider in this example, and it can be seen from the diagram that the isolation at the four frequency points is less than-18 dB, fig. 6 is an S-parameter simulation and test chart of the matching characteristics of the two power output ports of the four-frequency power divider in this example, and it can be seen from the diagram that the output port return loss is less than-17 dB. The invention utilizes the stepped impedance coupling line structure and has good port isolation characteristic and power distribution characteristic. The processing object diagram is shown in FIG. 6.
Example 2
In order to apply the four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line to a millimeter wave radar system, the simulation test result is as follows:
referring to fig. 8-9, fig. 8 is an S parameter simulation and test diagram of the four-frequency power divider in this example, and it can be seen from the diagram that four frequency points of the four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line are 21.5ghz,26.8ghz,75.8ghz, and 81.1ghz, respectively, and the four frequency points correspond to two frequency bands, namely 24G and 77G, which are most commonly used in the field of millimeter wave radar. Fig. 9 is an S-parameter simulation and test chart of the isolation characteristics of the two power output ports of the four-frequency power divider in this example, and it can be seen that the isolation is less than-35 dB at all four frequency points. The return loss of two power output ports of the four-frequency power divider is less than-25 dB.
In summary, the four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line in this embodiment utilizes the stepped impedance coupling line structure, and has the advantages of small size, wide bandwidth, large frequency point span, and the like, as well as good port isolation characteristics and power distribution characteristics. The four-frequency power divider is small in size and easy to process, and is very suitable for modern mobile communication systems and millimeter wave radar systems.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupling line is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate (101) and two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the double-section stepped impedance coupling lines comprise two connected and uncoupled stepped impedance coupling lines which are arranged at an included angle, the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are symmetrically arranged and connected through an isolation resistor, and the included angles of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are arranged close to each other;
the input ends of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are connected with the input port feeder line (1), and the output ends of the double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are respectively connected with the first output port feeder line (2) and the second output port feeder line (3).
2. The four-frequency power divider according to claim 1, wherein the stepped impedance coupling line comprises two parallel coupling lines spaced apart from each other, and one end of each of the two coupling lines is connected to each other.
3. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line as claimed in claim 2, wherein the coupling line comprises a first coupling line and a second coupling line which are coaxial and connected, the width and length of the first coupling line and the second coupling line are different, and the first coupling lines of the two coupling lines are connected with each other.
4. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line according to claim 1, wherein the two-stage stepped impedance coupling line comprises a first stepped impedance coupling line and a second stepped impedance coupling line which are connected in sequence;
the second stepped impedance coupling lines of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are coaxially arranged, the two first stepped impedance coupling lines are arranged at an included angle, and one end of the input port feeder line (1) is connected with the connecting ends of the two first stepped impedance coupling lines.
5. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line according to claim 4, wherein the other end of the input port feed line (1) extends to a first side of the dielectric substrate (101), the first output port feed line (2) and the second output port feed line (3) extend to a second side of the dielectric substrate (101), and the first side and the second side are parallel.
6. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the isolation resistor comprises a first isolation impedance (8) and a second isolation impedance (9);
two ends of the first isolation impedance (8) are respectively connected with the intersection points of two sections of stepped impedance coupling lines of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines;
and the second isolation impedance (9) is respectively connected with the output ends of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines.
7. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line of claim 1, wherein the input port feeder line and the output port feeder line are microstrip line conduction bands.
8. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate (101) is provided with a metal ground plate (102).
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| CN202712402U (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2013-01-30 | 成都创吉科技有限责任公司 | Double-band Wilkinson power divider |
| TWI543436B (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2016-07-21 | 國立勤益科技大學 | Wilkinson power divider for quad-band of td-lte, wi-fi, 3g and gps |
| CN104022334A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-09-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Microwave four-frequency power divider |
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