CN114400427B - Four-frequency power divider based on stepped impedance coupling line - Google Patents

Four-frequency power divider based on stepped impedance coupling line Download PDF

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CN114400427B
CN114400427B CN202210103290.7A CN202210103290A CN114400427B CN 114400427 B CN114400427 B CN 114400427B CN 202210103290 A CN202210103290 A CN 202210103290A CN 114400427 B CN114400427 B CN 114400427B
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stepped impedance
impedance coupling
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CN114400427A (en
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王新怀
李昕
王文
徐茵
胡俊杰
许洪扬
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Xidian University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips

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Abstract

本发明一种基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器,包括介质基板,以及设置其表面的两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线,所述双段阶梯阻抗耦合线包括两段相连且不耦合的阶梯阻抗耦合线,两段阶梯阻抗耦合线呈夹角布置,两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线对称设置并通过隔离电阻连接,两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的夹角相互靠近;两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的输入端连接输入端口馈线,双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的输入端分别连接第一输出端口馈线和第二输出端口馈线;该四频功分器利用阶梯阻抗耦合线结构,具有尺寸小、宽带宽、频点跨度大等优点以及良好的端口隔离特性、功率分配特性,非常适用于现代移动通信系统和毫米波雷达系统。

Figure 202210103290

The present invention is a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupled line, comprising a dielectric substrate, and two double-segment stepped impedance coupled lines arranged on the surface thereof, wherein the double-segmented stepped impedance coupled line includes two connected and uncoupled steps Impedance coupling line, two sections of ladder impedance coupling lines are arranged at an angle, two double section ladder impedance coupling lines are symmetrically arranged and connected through isolation resistors, and the included angles of the two double section ladder impedance coupling lines are close to each other; The input end of the impedance coupling line is connected to the input port feeder, and the input end of the double-segment stepped impedance coupling line is respectively connected to the first output port feeder and the second output port feeder; The advantages of wide bandwidth, large frequency span, as well as good port isolation characteristics and power distribution characteristics are very suitable for modern mobile communication systems and millimeter wave radar systems.

Figure 202210103290

Description

基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器Four-band Power Divider Based on Step Impedance Coupling Line

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及多频功分器设计技术领域,具体涉及基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器。The invention relates to the technical field of multi-frequency power divider design, in particular to a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupled line.

背景技术Background technique

随着经济和科技的高速发展,需要多样化的信息服务,因而提出了多种移动通信标准,如GSM、CDMA、WIMAX、WLAN等。有限的频谱资源对通信频段的划分提出了更加严格的要求,这也使得通信系统向着小尺寸、高集成度等方向发展。功分器具有分配和合成功率的功能,被广泛应用于各种微波电路。作为通信系统中重要的部件,功分器也在向着小型化、高集成的方向发展,因而对多频带功分器的研究也变得愈发重要。同时,功分器在毫米波雷达系统领域也具有十分重要的意义。With the rapid development of economy and technology, diversified information services are required, so a variety of mobile communication standards have been proposed, such as GSM, CDMA, WIMAX, WLAN and so on. The limited spectrum resources impose stricter requirements on the division of communication frequency bands, which also makes the communication system develop in the direction of small size and high integration. The power divider has the function of distributing and synthesizing power, and is widely used in various microwave circuits. As an important component in the communication system, the power divider is also developing towards the direction of miniaturization and high integration, so the research on the multi-band power divider has become more and more important. At the same time, the power divider is also of great significance in the field of millimeter-wave radar systems.

基于耦合微带线的两节传输线结构来实现四频功分器,其结构复杂且工作频点范围跨度小;利用阶梯阻抗变化器型的耦合线节来实现四频功分器,其同样存在结构复杂且隔离度低的问题。The quad-frequency power divider is realized based on the two-section transmission line structure of the coupled microstrip line, which has a complex structure and a small span of operating frequency points; the quad-frequency power divider is realized by using the coupled line section of the stepped impedance changer type, which also has a complex structure. and low isolation.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器,解决现有技术中存在的小型化要求不足、设计结构复杂、隔离度低的技术问题。Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupled line, which solves the technical problems of insufficient miniaturization requirements, complex design structure and low isolation in the prior art.

本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现:The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

一种基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器,包括介质基板,以及设置其表面的两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线,所述双段阶梯阻抗耦合线包括两段相连且不耦合的阶梯阻抗耦合线,两段阶梯阻抗耦合线呈夹角布置,两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线对称设置并通过隔离电阻连接,两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的夹角相互靠近;A four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupled line, comprising a dielectric substrate, and two double-segment stepped impedance coupled lines arranged on its surface, the two-segment stepped impedance coupled line comprising two connected and uncoupled stepped impedance coupled lines The two-segment ladder impedance coupling lines are arranged at an included angle, the two double-segment ladder impedance coupling lines are symmetrically arranged and connected through isolation resistors, and the included angles of the two double-segment ladder impedance coupling lines are close to each other;

两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的输入端连接输入端口馈线,双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的输出端分别连接第一输出端口馈线和第二输出端口馈线。The input ends of the two double-segment stepped impedance coupling lines are connected to the input port feeders, and the output ends of the two-segment stepped impedance coupled lines are respectively connected to the first output port feeder and the second output port feeder.

优选的,所述阶梯阻抗耦合线包括两根平行且间隔设置的两根耦合线,两根耦合线的一端连接。Preferably, the stepped impedance coupling line includes two parallel and spaced-apart coupling lines, and one end of the two coupling lines is connected.

优选的,所述耦合线包括同轴且相连的第一节耦合线和第二节耦合线,第一节耦合线和第二节耦合线的宽度和长度均不相等,两个耦合线的第一节耦合线相互连接。Preferably, the coupling line includes a first section of the coupling line and a second section of the coupling line that are coaxial and connected. A section of the coupling line is connected to each other.

优选的,所述双段阶梯阻抗耦合线包括依次连接的第一阶梯阻抗耦合线和第二阶梯阻抗耦合线;Preferably, the two-segment stepped impedance coupling line includes a first stepped impedance coupling line and a second stepped impedance coupling line that are connected in sequence;

两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的第二阶梯阻抗耦合线同轴设置,两个第一阶梯阻抗耦合线呈夹角设置,输入端口馈线的一端连接两个第一阶梯阻抗耦合线的连接端。The second stepped impedance coupled lines of the two double-segment stepped impedance coupled lines are coaxially arranged, the two first stepped impedance coupled lines are arranged at an included angle, and one end of the input port feeder is connected to the connection ends of the two first stepped impedance coupled lines.

优选的,所述输入端口馈线的另一端延伸至介质基板的第一侧边,第一输出端口馈线和第二输出端口馈线延伸至介质基板的第二侧边,第一侧边和第二侧边平行设置。Preferably, the other end of the input port feeder extends to the first side of the dielectric substrate, the first output port feeder and the second output port feeder extend to the second side of the dielectric substrate, the first side and the second side Side-parallel settings.

优选的,所述隔离电阻包括第一隔离阻抗和第二隔离阻抗;Preferably, the isolation resistance includes a first isolation impedance and a second isolation impedance;

所述第一隔离阻抗的两端分别连接两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的两段阶梯阻抗耦合线的交点。Two ends of the first isolation impedance are respectively connected to the intersection points of the two-stage stepped impedance coupled lines of the two double-stage stepped impedance coupled lines.

所述第二隔离阻抗分别连接两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的输出端。The second isolation impedances are respectively connected to the output ends of the two double-segment ladder impedance coupling lines.

优选的,所述输入端口馈线和输出端口馈线均为微带线导带。Preferably, the input port feeder and the output port feeder are both microstrip conductor strips.

优选的,所述介质基板底面设有金属接地板。Preferably, the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a metal ground plate.

与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

本发明的一种基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器,利用耦合线的双谐振特性,将双段耦合线进行组合,形成等效于四谐振单元的多谐振结构,输入信号从功分器的输入端口输入进行等分,分别经过双段阶梯阻抗耦合线和两个隔离电阻,产生了四个频点,最后由功分器的两个输出端口输出,采用阶梯阻抗耦合线作为耦合线,有效的解决了在微带线区域内奇偶模相位速度不等导致频点范围受限的问题,同时也简化了四频功分器的结构,利用阶梯阻抗耦合线结构,具有良好的端口隔离特性、功率分配特性,非常适用于现代移动通信系统和毫米波雷达系统。A four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupled line of the present invention utilizes the double-resonance characteristics of the coupled line to combine the two-segment coupled lines to form a multi-resonance structure equivalent to four resonance units, and the input signal from the power divider The input port input of the power divider is divided into equal parts, and four frequency points are generated through the double-segment ladder impedance coupling line and the two isolation resistors respectively. Finally, the two output ports of the power divider output the ladder impedance coupling line as the coupling line. It effectively solves the problem that the frequency range is limited due to the uneven phase velocity of the odd and even modes in the microstrip line area, and also simplifies the structure of the four-frequency power divider. Using the stepped impedance coupling line structure, it has good port isolation characteristics, Power distribution characteristics, very suitable for modern mobile communication systems and millimeter wave radar systems.

进一步,双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的两段阶梯阻抗耦合线呈夹角布置,隔离电阻与两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的交点连接,采用该布置结构减少了四频功分器的尺寸结构,可以在单片PCB板上实现,有利于加工集成,且生产成本低。Further, the two sections of the stepped impedance coupling line of the double section stepped impedance coupling line are arranged at an angle, and the isolation resistor is connected to the intersection of the two double section stepped impedance coupling lines. The use of this arrangement reduces the size of the four-band power divider. Realized on a single-chip PCB board, which is conducive to processing integration, and has low production cost.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明一种基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器的电路原理图。FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupled line according to the present invention.

图2是本发明一种基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器的立体结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupled line according to the present invention.

图3是实施例1的电路结构尺寸示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure size of Embodiment 1. FIG.

图4是实施例1的S参数仿真和测试图。FIG. 4 is an S-parameter simulation and test chart of Example 1. FIG.

图5是实施例1的两个功率输出端口隔离特性的S参数仿真和测试图。FIG. 5 is an S-parameter simulation and test diagram of the isolation characteristics of two power output ports in Embodiment 1. FIG.

图6是实施例1的两个功率输出端口匹配特性的S参数仿真和测试图。FIG. 6 is an S-parameter simulation and test diagram of the matching characteristics of two power output ports in Embodiment 1. FIG.

图7是实施例1的加工实物图。FIG. 7 is a processing actual view of Example 1. FIG.

图8是实施例2的S参数仿真和测试图。FIG. 8 is an S-parameter simulation and test chart of Example 2. FIG.

图9是实施例2的两个功率输出端口隔离特性的S参数仿真和测试图。FIG. 9 is an S-parameter simulation and test diagram of the isolation characteristics of two power output ports in Embodiment 2. FIG.

图中,1、输入端口馈线;2、第一输出端口馈线;3、第二输出端口馈线;4、第一阶梯阻抗耦合线;5、第二阶梯阻抗耦合线;6、第三阶梯阻抗耦合线;7、第四阶梯阻抗耦合线;8、第一隔离电阻;9、第二隔离电阻;耦合线(41、42、51、52、61、62、71、72);101、介质基板;102、金属接地板;103、第一侧边;104、第二侧边。In the figure, 1, input port feeder; 2, first output port feeder; 3, second output port feeder; 4, first stepped impedance coupling line; 5, second stepped impedance coupling line; 6, third stepped impedance coupling line; 7. fourth ladder impedance coupling line; 8. first isolation resistance; 9. second isolation resistance; coupling line (41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62, 71, 72); 101, dielectric substrate; 102, the metal ground plate; 103, the first side; 104, the second side.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明,所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are to explain rather than limit the present invention.

参阅图1-9,基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器,包括输入端口、第一输出端口、第二输出端口、两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线和两个隔离电阻,所述双段阶梯阻抗耦合线包括两段相连且不耦合的阶梯阻抗耦合线。Referring to Figures 1-9, a four-band power divider based on a ladder impedance coupled line includes an input port, a first output port, a second output port, two double-segment ladder impedance coupling lines and two isolation resistors, the two-segment ladder The impedance coupling line includes two connected and uncoupled stepped impedance coupling lines.

两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的一端连接输入端口,两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的另一端分别连接第一输出端口和第二输出端口,第一隔离电阻8的两端分别连接两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的两段耦合线的连接端,第二隔离电阻的两端分别连接第一输出端口和第二输出端口。One end of the two double-segment ladder impedance coupling lines is connected to the input port, the other ends of the two double-segment ladder impedance coupling lines are respectively connected to the first output port and the second output port, and two ends of the first isolation resistor 8 are respectively connected to two double The connecting ends of the two sections of the section ladder impedance coupling line, and the two ends of the second isolation resistor are respectively connected to the first output port and the second output port.

两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线分别为结构相同的第一双段阶梯阻抗耦合线和第二双段阶梯阻抗耦合线。The two double-segment ladder impedance coupling lines are respectively a first two-segment ladder impedance coupling line and a second two-segment ladder impedance coupling line with the same structure.

第一双段阶梯阻抗耦合线包括依次连接的第一阶梯阻抗耦合线4和第二阶梯阻抗耦合线5,形成等效于四谐振单元的多谐振结构。The first double-segment stepped impedance coupled line includes a first stepped impedance coupled line 4 and a second stepped impedance coupled line 5 connected in sequence, forming a multi-resonance structure equivalent to four resonance units.

第二双段阶梯阻抗耦合线包括依次连接的第三阶梯阻抗耦合线6和第四阶梯阻抗耦合线7,并形成等效于四谐振单元的多谐振结构。The second two-stage stepped impedance coupling line includes a third stepped impedance coupling line 6 and a fourth stepped impedance coupling line 7 connected in sequence, and forms a multi-resonance structure equivalent to four resonance units.

第一阶梯阻抗耦合线4包括耦合线41和耦合线42,耦合线41和耦合线42的一端通过导线43相连;第二阶梯阻抗耦合线5包括耦合线51和耦合线52构成,耦合线51和耦合线52的一端由导线53相连。The first stepped impedance coupled line 4 includes a coupled line 41 and a coupled line 42, and one end of the coupled line 41 and the coupled line 42 is connected by a wire 43; the second stepped impedance coupled line 5 includes a coupled line 51 and a coupled line 52, and the coupled line 51 One end of the coupling line 52 is connected by a wire 53 .

第三阶梯阻抗耦合线6包括耦合线61和耦合线62,耦合线61和耦合线62的一端由导线63相连;第四阶梯阻抗耦合线7包括耦合线71和耦合线72,耦合线71和耦合线72的一端通过导线73相连。The third stepped impedance coupled line 6 includes a coupled line 61 and a coupled line 62, and one end of the coupled line 61 and the coupled line 62 is connected by a wire 63; the fourth stepped impedance coupled line 7 includes a coupled line 71 and a coupled line 72, and the coupled line 71 and One end of the coupling line 72 is connected by a wire 73 .

所述输入端口与耦合线41和耦合线61的另一端连接;第一输出端口与耦合线52的另一端以及第二隔离电阻9相连;第二输出端口与耦合线72的另一端以及第二隔离电阻9相连,第一隔离电阻8的一端与耦合线42和耦合线51的连接端连接,第一隔离电阻8的另一端与耦合线62和耦合线71 的连接端连接。The input port is connected with the other end of the coupling line 41 and the coupling line 61; the first output port is connected with the other end of the coupling line 52 and the second isolation resistor 9; the second output port is connected with the other end of the coupling line 72 and the second The isolation resistor 9 is connected, one end of the first isolation resistor 8 is connected to the connection end of the coupling line 42 and the coupling line 51 , and the other end of the first isolation resistor 8 is connected to the connection end of the coupling line 62 and the coupling line 71 .

所述耦合线(41、42、51、52、61、62、71、72)结构相同,均包括同轴且相连的第一节耦合线和第二节耦合线,且第一节耦合线节与第二节耦合线的宽度和长度均不相同,在阶梯阻抗耦合线中,两个耦合线的第一节耦合线节通过导线连接。The coupling lines (41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62, 71, 72) have the same structure, and all include a first section of the coupling line and a second section of the coupling line that are coaxial and connected, and the first section of the coupling line has a section. The width and length of the second coupling line are different from those of the second coupling line. In the stepped impedance coupling line, the first coupling line section of the two coupling lines is connected by a wire.

实施例1Example 1

参阅图2,本实施例提供了一种基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器,包括介质基板101,所述介质基板101底面设有金属接地板102,介质基板 101顶面设有输入端口馈线1、第一输出端口馈线2、第二输出端口馈线3 和两个对称设置的双段阶梯阻抗耦合线,两个双段阶梯阻抗耦合线之间通过隔离电阻连接,双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的输入端连接输入端口馈线1,双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的输入端分别连接第一输出端口馈线2和第二输出端口馈线3。Referring to FIG. 2 , this embodiment provides a four-frequency power divider based on stepped impedance coupled lines, including a dielectric substrate 101 , a metal ground plate 102 is provided on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 101 , and an input port feeder is provided on the top surface of the dielectric substrate 101 1. Feeder line 2 of the first output port, feeder line 3 of the second output port, and two symmetrically arranged double-segment stepped impedance coupled lines, the two double-segment stepped impedance coupled lines are connected by isolation resistors, and the two-segment stepped impedance coupled line is The input end is connected to the input port feeder 1 , and the input ends of the double-segment stepped impedance coupling line are respectively connected to the first output port feeder 2 and the second output port feeder 3 .

第一双段阶梯阻抗耦合线包括相连且不耦合的第一阶梯阻抗耦合线4和第二阶梯阻抗耦合线5,第一阶梯阻抗耦合线4和第二阶梯阻抗耦合线5呈夹角布置,并通过夹角的交点连接,在实施例中,第一阶梯阻抗耦合线倾斜设置,第二阶梯阻抗耦合线垂直设置。The first two-stage stepped impedance coupling line includes a first stepped impedance coupling line 4 and a second stepped impedance coupling line 5 that are connected and uncoupled, and the first stepped impedance coupling line 4 and the second stepped impedance coupling line 5 are arranged at an included angle, They are connected through the intersection of the included angles. In the embodiment, the first stepped impedance coupling line is arranged obliquely, and the second stepped impedance coupling line is vertically arranged.

第二双段阶梯阻抗耦合线包括相连且不耦合的第三阶梯阻抗耦合线6和第四阶梯阻抗耦合线7,第三阶梯阻抗耦合线6和第四阶梯阻抗耦合线7呈夹角布置,并通过夹角的交点连接。The second two-stage stepped impedance coupled line includes a third stepped impedance coupled line 6 and a fourth stepped impedance coupled line 7 that are connected and uncoupled. The third stepped impedance coupled line 6 and the fourth stepped impedance coupled line 7 are arranged at an angle. and connected by the intersection of the included angles.

第一双段阶梯阻抗耦合线和第二双段阶梯阻抗耦合线对称设置,第一双段阶梯阻抗耦合线和第二双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的交点相互靠近,隔离电阻位于两个交点之间。The first two-stage ladder impedance coupling line and the second two-stage ladder impedance coupling line are symmetrically arranged, the intersections of the first two-stage ladder impedance coupling line and the second two-stage ladder impedance coupling line are close to each other, and the isolation resistance is located between the two intersection points. .

由于第一双段阶梯阻抗耦合线和第二双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的结构相同,因此下述中以第一双段阶梯阻抗耦合线为例,对双段阶梯阻抗耦合线的结构进行详细说明。Since the structures of the first two-segment ladder impedance coupling line and the second two-segment ladder impedance coupling line are the same, the structure of the two-segment ladder impedance coupling line is described in detail below by taking the first two-segment ladder impedance coupling line as an example. .

所述第一阶梯阻抗耦合线4包括平行且间隔设置的两根耦合线41和42,耦合线41和耦合线42的一端通过导线43相连;所述第二阶梯阻抗耦合线5包括平行且间隔设置的两根耦合线51和52构成,耦合线51和耦合线52 的一端通过导线53相连,并且第一阶梯阻抗耦合线4和第二阶梯阻抗耦合线5呈夹角布置,在本实施中,第一阶梯阻抗耦合线4和第二阶梯阻抗耦合线5的夹角为45°。The first stepped impedance coupling line 4 includes two parallel and spaced coupling lines 41 and 42, and one end of the coupling line 41 and the coupling line 42 is connected by a wire 43; the second stepped impedance coupling line 5 includes parallel and spaced apart. The provided two coupling lines 51 and 52 are formed. One end of the coupling line 51 and the coupling line 52 is connected by a wire 53, and the first stepped impedance coupling line 4 and the second stepped impedance coupling line 5 are arranged at an angle. In this implementation, , the angle between the first stepped impedance coupling line 4 and the second stepped impedance coupling line 5 is 45°.

耦合线包括同轴的第一节耦合线节和第二节耦合线,且第一节耦合线节的宽度小于第二节耦合线,在阶梯阻抗耦合线中,两个耦合线的第一节耦合线节通过短路电路连接。The coupling line includes a coaxial first section coupling line section and a second section coupling line, and the width of the first section coupling line section is smaller than that of the second section coupling line. In the stepped impedance coupling line, the first section of the two coupling lines is The coupled line segments are connected by a short circuit.

第一双段阶梯阻抗耦合线中,耦合线41的第二节耦合线与输入端口馈线1连接,耦合线41的第一节耦合线与耦合线42的第一节耦合线连接,耦合线42的第二节耦合线与耦合线51的第二节耦合线连接,耦合线51的第一节耦合线与耦合线52的第一节耦合线连接,耦合线52的第二节耦合线与第一输出端口馈线2连接。In the first double-segment stepped impedance coupling line, the second section of the coupling line 41 is connected to the input port feeder 1, the first section of the coupling line 41 is connected to the first section of the coupling line 42, and the coupling line 42 The second section of the coupling line is connected to the second section of the coupling line 51, the first section of the coupling line 51 is connected to the first section of the coupling line 52, and the second section of the coupling line 52 is connected to the first section of the coupling line 52. An output port feeder 2 is connected.

所述第三阶梯阻抗耦合线6包括平行且间隔设置的两根耦合线61和62,耦合线61和耦合线62的一端通过导线63相连;所述第四阶梯阻抗耦合线 7包括平行且间隔设置的两根耦合线71和72构成,耦合线71和耦合线52 的一端通过导线73相连。The third stepped impedance coupling line 6 includes two coupling lines 61 and 62 arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and one end of the coupling line 61 and the coupling line 62 is connected by a wire 63; the fourth stepped impedance coupling line 7 includes parallel and spaced apart. Two coupling lines 71 and 72 are provided, and one end of the coupling line 71 and the coupling line 52 is connected by a wire 73 .

第二双段阶梯阻抗耦合线中,耦合线61的第二节耦合线与输入端口馈线1连接,耦合线61的第一节耦合线与耦合线62的第一节耦合线连接,耦合线62的第二节耦合线与耦合线71的第二节耦合线连接,耦合线71的第一节耦合线与耦合线72的第一节耦合线连接,耦合线72的第二节耦合线与第二输出端口馈线3连接。In the second double-segment stepped impedance coupling line, the second section of the coupling line 61 is connected to the input port feeder 1, the first section of the coupling line 61 is connected to the first section of the coupling line 62, and the coupling line 62 The second section of the coupling line is connected to the second section of the coupling line 71, the first section of the coupling line 71 is connected to the first section of the coupling line 72, and the second section of the coupling line 72 is connected to the first section of the coupling line. The two output ports are connected to feeder 3.

上述隔离电阻包括第一隔离电阻8和第二隔离电阻9,第一隔离电阻8 的一端连接耦合线42的第二节耦合线与耦合线51的第二节耦合线的连接端,第一隔离电阻8的另一端连接耦合线62的第二节耦合线与耦合线71的第二节耦合线的连接端,第二隔离电阻9的一端连接耦合线52的第二节耦合线与第一输出端口馈线2的连接端,第二隔离电阻9的另一端连接耦合线72 的第二节耦合线与第二输出端口馈线3的连接端。The above-mentioned isolation resistance includes a first isolation resistance 8 and a second isolation resistance 9. One end of the first isolation resistance 8 is connected to the connection end of the second section of the coupling line of the coupling line 42 and the second section of the coupling line of the coupling line 51. The first isolation resistance The other end of the resistor 8 is connected to the connection end of the second section of the coupling line 62 and the second section of the coupling line 71, and one end of the second isolation resistor 9 is connected to the second section of the coupling line 52. The coupling line and the first output The connection end of the port feeder 2 and the other end of the second isolation resistor 9 is connected to the connection end of the second section of the coupling line 72 and the connection end of the second output port feeder 3 .

本实施例中,所述输入端口馈线1为第一50欧姆微带线导带10,所述第一50欧姆微带线导带10的一端延伸至介质基板101的第一侧边103,另一端分别与耦合线41的一端和耦合线61的一端连接;第一50欧姆微带线导带10与介质基板的第一侧边103连接处为输入端;In this embodiment, the input port feeder 1 is a first 50 ohm microstrip line conducting strip 10 , one end of the first 50 ohm microstrip line conducting strip 10 extends to the first side 103 of the dielectric substrate 101 , and the other One end is connected to one end of the coupling line 41 and one end of the coupling line 61 respectively; the connection between the first 50 ohm microstrip line conducting strip 10 and the first side 103 of the dielectric substrate is the input end;

本实施例中,所述输出端口馈线2为第二50欧姆微带线导带11,所述第二50欧姆微带线导带11的一端延伸至介质基板101的第二侧边104,第二50欧姆微带线导带11和介质基板101的第二侧边104的连接处为第一输出端Port 2。In this embodiment, the output port feeder 2 is a second 50-ohm microstrip line conducting strip 11, and one end of the second 50-ohm microstrip line conducting strip 11 extends to the second side 104 of the dielectric substrate 101, and the first The connection between the conductive strip 11 of the 50-ohm microstrip line and the second side 104 of the dielectric substrate 101 is the first output port Port 2 .

所述输出端口馈线3为第三50欧姆微带线导带12,所述第三50欧姆微带线导带12的一端延伸至介质基板101的第二侧边104,第二侧边104 和第一侧边103相互平行,第三50欧姆微带线导带12和介质基板101的第二侧边104的连接处为第二输出端Port3。The output port feeder 3 is a third 50-ohm microstrip line conducting strip 12, one end of the third 50-ohm microstrip line conducting strip 12 extends to the second side 104 of the dielectric substrate 101, and the second side 104 and The first sides 103 are parallel to each other, and the connection between the conduction strip 12 of the third 50-ohm microstrip line and the second side 104 of the dielectric substrate 101 is the second output port Port3.

本实施例在制造上通过印制电路板制造工艺对电路基板正面的金属面进行加工腐蚀,从而形成所需的金属图案,结构简单,可以在单片PCB板上实现,有利于加工集成。同时,本申请利用阶梯阻抗耦合线结构,具有良好的端口隔离特性、功率分配特性。另一方面本申请尺寸小,易于加工且生产成本低,非常适用于现代移动通信系统。下面对本发明作进一步详细描述。In this embodiment, the metal surface on the front side of the circuit substrate is processed and corroded by the manufacturing process of the printed circuit board, thereby forming the required metal pattern. At the same time, the present application utilizes a stepped impedance coupled line structure, which has good port isolation characteristics and power distribution characteristics. On the other hand, the application is small in size, easy to process and low in production cost, and very suitable for modern mobile communication systems. The present invention will be described in further detail below.

参阅图3,第一阶梯阻抗耦合线的两根耦合线,其第一节耦合线节的宽度为W1,长度均为L1,第二节耦合线的宽度均为W2,长度均为L2Referring to FIG. 3 , in the two coupled lines of the first stepped impedance coupling line, the width of the first section of the coupling line is W 1 and the length is L 1 , the width of the second section of the coupling line is W 2 , and the length is both L 2 .

第二阶梯阻抗耦合线的两根耦合线,其第一节耦合线节的宽度为W3,长度均为L3,第二节耦合线的宽度均为W4,长度均为L4In the two coupled lines of the second stepped impedance coupling line, the width of the first section of the coupling line is W 3 and the length is L 3 , the width of the second section of the coupling line is W 4 , and the length is L 4 .

所采用的介质基板相对介电常数为2.2,厚度为0.7874mm,损耗角正切为0.0009。结合图2,基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器的各尺寸参数如下:L1=10.45,L2=10.50,L3=10.6,L4=10.5,W1=0.72,W2=1.25,W3=1.2,W4=1.8,S1=0.52,S2=0.38,S3=0.45,S4=0.45(unit:mm),R1=111Ω,R2=201Ω。整个设计的总面积为5.6cm×3.5cm。本实例基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器是在电磁仿真软件HFSS 13.0中建模仿真的。图4是本实例中四频功分器的S参数仿真和测试图,从图中可以看到,该基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器的四个频点分别是0.9GHz,1.8GHz,3.5GHz, 4.4GHz,对应的插入损耗为-3.09dB,-3.17dB,-3.58dB,-3.85dB,均比较接近理想值-3dB。图5是本实例中四频功分器的两个功率输出端口隔离特性的S参数仿真和测试图,从图中可以看到在这四个频点处隔离均小于-18dB,图6是本实例中四频功分器的两个功率输出端口匹配特性的S参数仿真和测试图,从图中可以看到输出端口回拨损耗均小于-17dB。本发明利用阶梯阻抗耦合线结构,具有良好的端口隔离特性、功率分配特性。加工实物图如图 6所示。The dielectric substrate used has a relative permittivity of 2.2, a thickness of 0.7874mm, and a loss tangent of 0.0009. With reference to Figure 2, the size parameters of the four-band power divider based on the stepped impedance coupled line are as follows: L 1 =10.45, L 2 =10.50, L 3 =10.6, L 4 =10.5, W 1 =0.72, W 2 =1.25, W 3 =1.2, W 4 =1.8, S 1 =0.52, S 2 =0.38, S 3 =0.45, S 4 =0.45 (unit: mm), R 1 =111Ω, R 2 =201Ω. The total area of the entire design is 5.6cm x 3.5cm. In this example, the four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupled line is modeled and simulated in the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS 13.0. Figure 4 is the S-parameter simulation and test diagram of the four-frequency power divider in this example. It can be seen from the figure that the four frequency points of the four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupled line are 0.9GHz, 1.8GHz, 3.5GHz, respectively. GHz, 4.4GHz, the corresponding insertion loss is -3.09dB, -3.17dB, -3.58dB, -3.85dB, which are relatively close to the ideal value of -3dB. Figure 5 is the S-parameter simulation and test chart of the isolation characteristics of the two power output ports of the quad-frequency power divider in this example. It can be seen from the figure that the isolation at these four frequency points is all less than -18dB, and Figure 6 is the example. The S-parameter simulation and test chart of the matching characteristics of the two power output ports of the mid-quad-band power divider shows that the callback loss of the output ports is less than -17dB. The invention utilizes the stepped impedance coupling line structure, and has good port isolation characteristics and power distribution characteristics. The actual processing map is shown in Figure 6.

实施例2Example 2

为本发明基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器应用在毫米波雷达系统,其仿真测试结果如下:The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupled line of the present invention is applied to the millimeter-wave radar system, and the simulation test results are as follows:

参阅图8-9,图8是本实例中四频功分器的S参数仿真和测试图,从图中可以看到,该基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器的四个频点分别是 21.5GHz,26.8GHz,75.8GHz,81.1GHz,这四个频点分别对应的是毫米波雷达领域中最常用的24G、77G两个频段。图9是本实例中四频功分器的两个功率输出端口隔离特性的S参数仿真和测试图,从图中可以看到在这四个频点处隔离均小于-35dB。四频功分器的两个功率输出端口回波损耗均小于-25dB。Referring to Figure 8-9, Figure 8 is the S-parameter simulation and test diagram of the quad-band power divider in this example. It can be seen from the figure that the four frequency points of the quad-band power divider based on the stepped impedance coupled line are 21.5 GHz, 26.8GHz, 75.8GHz, 81.1GHz, these four frequency points respectively correspond to the two most commonly used frequency bands of 24G and 77G in the field of millimeter wave radar. Figure 9 is the S-parameter simulation and test chart of the isolation characteristics of the two power output ports of the quad-frequency power divider in this example. It can be seen from the figure that the isolation is less than -35dB at these four frequency points. The return loss of the two power output ports of the quad-band power divider is less than -25dB.

综上所述,本实施例的一种基于阶梯阻抗耦合线的四频功分器,利用阶梯阻抗耦合线结构,具有尺寸小、宽带宽、频点跨度大等优点以及良好的端口隔离特性、功率分配特性。实现了一款尺寸小、易于加工的四频功分器,非常适用于现代移动通信系统和毫米波雷达系统。To sum up, a four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupled line in this embodiment uses a stepped impedance coupled line structure, which has the advantages of small size, wide bandwidth, large frequency span, etc., as well as good port isolation characteristics, power Assign properties. A quad-band power divider with small size and easy processing is realized, which is very suitable for modern mobile communication systems and millimeter-wave radar systems.

以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。The above content is only to illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention all fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (8)

1. A four-frequency power divider based on a stepped impedance coupling line is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate (101) and two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the double-section stepped impedance coupling lines comprise two connected and uncoupled stepped impedance coupling lines which are arranged at an included angle, the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are symmetrically arranged and connected through an isolation resistor, and the included angles of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are arranged close to each other;
the input ends of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are connected with the input port feeder line (1), and the output ends of the double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are respectively connected with the first output port feeder line (2) and the second output port feeder line (3).
2. The four-frequency power divider according to claim 1, wherein the stepped impedance coupling line comprises two parallel coupling lines spaced apart from each other, and one end of each of the two coupling lines is connected to each other.
3. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line as claimed in claim 2, wherein the coupling line comprises a first coupling line and a second coupling line which are coaxial and connected, the width and length of the first coupling line and the second coupling line are different, and the first coupling lines of the two coupling lines are connected with each other.
4. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line according to claim 1, wherein the two-stage stepped impedance coupling line comprises a first stepped impedance coupling line and a second stepped impedance coupling line which are connected in sequence;
the second stepped impedance coupling lines of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines are coaxially arranged, the two first stepped impedance coupling lines are arranged at an included angle, and one end of the input port feeder line (1) is connected with the connecting ends of the two first stepped impedance coupling lines.
5. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line according to claim 4, wherein the other end of the input port feed line (1) extends to a first side of the dielectric substrate (101), the first output port feed line (2) and the second output port feed line (3) extend to a second side of the dielectric substrate (101), and the first side and the second side are parallel.
6. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the isolation resistor comprises a first isolation impedance (8) and a second isolation impedance (9);
two ends of the first isolation impedance (8) are respectively connected with the intersection points of two sections of stepped impedance coupling lines of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines;
and the second isolation impedance (9) is respectively connected with the output ends of the two double-section stepped impedance coupling lines.
7. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line of claim 1, wherein the input port feeder line and the output port feeder line are microstrip line conduction bands.
8. The four-frequency power divider based on the stepped impedance coupling line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate (101) is provided with a metal ground plate (102).
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