CN114397172A - Portable soil available phosphorus content detection device and detection method - Google Patents
Portable soil available phosphorus content detection device and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114397172A CN114397172A CN202111552760.XA CN202111552760A CN114397172A CN 114397172 A CN114397172 A CN 114397172A CN 202111552760 A CN202111552760 A CN 202111552760A CN 114397172 A CN114397172 A CN 114397172A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 phosphorus ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940026189 antimony potassium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBTCZEPSIIFINA-MSFWTACDSA-J dipotassium;antimony(3+);(2r,3r)-2,3-dioxidobutanedioate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[K+].[K+].[Sb+3].[Sb+3].[O-]C(=O)[C@H]([O-])[C@@H]([O-])C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)[C@H]([O-])[C@@H]([O-])C([O-])=O WBTCZEPSIIFINA-MSFWTACDSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011005 laboratory method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
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Abstract
The invention provides a portable soil available phosphorus content detection device and a detection method, wherein the detection device comprises: the device comprises a first container, a second container, a third container, a centrifugal device, a detection device and a control device; the first container is connected with the centrifugal device through a first infusion pipeline; the centrifugal device is connected with the third container through a second infusion pipeline; the second container is connected with the third container through a third infusion pipeline; the centrifugal device is used for carrying out centrifugal treatment on the leaching agent and the soil solution from the first container; mixing the solution after the centrifugal treatment and the color developing agent from the second container by a third container to obtain a solution to be detected; the detection device is used for emitting monochromatic light to the solution to be detected to obtain a first light intensity signal of transmitted light output from the solution to be detected; and the control device acquires the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal. The detection device is convenient to carry, and can conveniently and quickly acquire the content of available phosphorus in soil in the field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a portable device and a method for detecting the content of available phosphorus in soil.
Background
Available phosphorus is a general term for phosphorus which can be absorbed and utilized by plants in soil, and phosphorus is one of important nutrient elements which are indispensable in the growth and development process of crops. Currently, in order to increase the yield of crops, there is a phenomenon in which fertilizers and manures are applied in large amounts during the growth period of crops, resulting in gradual accumulation of phosphorus in the soil. After the phosphorus in the soil is accumulated to a certain degree, the release amount of the phosphorus in the soil greatly exceeds the utilization amount of crops, so that the phosphorus is lost, and the water eutrophication is caused. This not only reduces the utilization of the fertilizer, resulting in economic losses, but also increases the risk of water environmental pollution. The measurement of the available phosphorus content can be used for knowing the phosphorus supply capacity of the soil, and has important reference values for rational fertilization, soil improvement and crop yield improvement.
Most of the existing methods for measuring the available phosphorus in soil are carried out in laboratories, the content of the available phosphorus in soil is usually measured by a method combining an extraction method and a colorimetric method or a spectrophotometric method, and the general extraction method mainly comprises the following steps: the method mainly comprises the steps of airing and air-drying collected soil samples, screening, adding leaching liquor into an oscillator for oscillation, adding a color developing agent into the solution after oscillation after chemical reaction for a period of time, and measuring the content of effective phosphorus by using equipment such as a spectrophotometer after the chemical reaction for a period of time. The whole process adopts professional laboratory equipment to carry out analysis and test, and complex operation is long consuming time, and measurement of efficiency is low, and needs the professional to operate laboratory equipment, does not have the device that suits to measure the content of soil available phosphorus conveniently at the farmland scene at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a portable device and a method for detecting the content of available phosphorus in soil, which are used for solving the problems that the existing device for measuring the content of available phosphorus in soil is inconvenient to carry, complicated to operate, low in measuring efficiency and inconvenient to measure the content of available phosphorus in soil in farmlands due to the limitation of measuring equipment.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a portable device for detecting available phosphorus content in soil, comprising: the device comprises a first container, a second container, a third container, a centrifugal device, a detection device and a control device;
the first container is connected with the centrifugal device through a first infusion pipeline; the centrifugal device is connected with the third container through a second infusion pipeline; the second container is connected with the third container through a third infusion pipeline; the detection device is connected with the control device;
the first container is used for storing leaching agent; the second container is used for storing the color developing agent, and the centrifugal device is used for centrifuging the leaching agent and the soil solution from the first container; the third container is used for mixing the solution after centrifugal treatment and the color developing agent from the second container to obtain a solution to be tested;
the detection device is used for emitting monochromatic light to the solution to be detected to obtain a first light intensity signal of transmitted light output from the solution to be detected; and the control device acquires the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal.
According to the portable soil available phosphorus content detection device provided by the invention, the portable soil available phosphorus content detection device further comprises a fourth container, and the fourth container is used for storing a phosphorus standard solution;
the detection device is used for emitting monochromatic light to the phosphorus standard solution to obtain a second light intensity signal of transmitted light output from the phosphorus standard solution; and the control device establishes a calibration model according to the second light intensity signal, and obtains the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal and the calibration model.
According to the portable soil available phosphorus content detection device provided by the invention, the detection device comprises a light source, a monochromator and a detector, wherein the light source, the monochromator and the detector are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of a light path.
According to the portable soil available phosphorus content detection device provided by the invention, the detection device further comprises a mobile platform, the light source, the monochromator and the detector are arranged on the mobile platform, the mobile platform is connected with the control device, and the mobile platform can move between a first position and a second position;
with the mobile platform in the first position, the third container is located between the monochromator and the detector;
with the mobile platform in the second position, the fourth container is located between the monochromator and the detector.
According to the portable soil available phosphorus content detection device provided by the invention, the control device comprises a control module and a driving module, the control module is respectively connected with the driving module and the detection device, the driving module is connected with the first infusion pipeline, the second infusion pipeline and the third infusion pipeline, and the driving module is used for controlling the starting or the closing of the first infusion pipeline, the second infusion pipeline and the third infusion pipeline.
According to the portable device for detecting the content of available phosphorus in soil provided by the invention, the first infusion pipeline comprises a first capillary tube and a first micro pump, one end of the first capillary tube is communicated with the first container, the other end of the first capillary tube is communicated with the centrifugal device, the first micro pump is arranged on the first capillary tube, and the first micro pump and the centrifugal device are both connected with the driving module.
According to the portable soil available phosphorus content detection device provided by the invention, the second infusion pipeline comprises a second capillary tube, a second micro pump and an ion permeable membrane, one end of the second capillary tube is communicated with the centrifugal device, the other end of the second capillary tube is communicated with the third container, the second micro pump and the ion permeable membrane are arranged on the second capillary tube, the second micro pump is connected with the driving module, and the ion permeable membrane is selectively permeable to available phosphorus ions.
According to the portable soil available phosphorus content detection device provided by the invention, the third infusion pipeline comprises a third capillary tube and a third micro pump, one end of the third capillary tube is communicated with the second container, the other end of the third capillary tube is communicated with the third container, the third micro pump is arranged on the third capillary tube, and the third micro pump is connected with the driving module.
According to the portable soil available phosphorus content detection device provided by the invention, the control device further comprises a human-computer interaction module, the human-computer interaction module is connected with the control module, the human-computer interaction module is used for displaying information and receiving input instructions for respectively controlling the centrifugal device and the detection device, and the control module generates corresponding control instructions according to the input instructions.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a detection method of a portable soil available phosphorus content detection device, which comprises the following steps:
conveying the lixiviant and the soil solution to a centrifugal device, and centrifuging the mixed solution of the lixiviant and the soil solution by the centrifugal device;
mixing the solution after the centrifugal treatment with a color developing agent to obtain a solution to be tested;
the monochromatic light is incident to the solution to be detected, and a first light intensity signal of transmitted light output from the solution to be detected is obtained;
and acquiring the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal.
The invention provides a portable soil available phosphorus content detection device and a detection method, wherein an extracting agent enters a centrifugal device along a first liquid conveying pipeline to perform digestion reaction with a soil solution, a clear solution after digestion reaction enters a third container along a second liquid conveying pipeline, a color developing agent enters the third container along the third liquid conveying pipeline to be mixed with the clear solution to form a solution to be detected, a detection device irradiates monochromatic light to the solution to be detected to obtain a first light intensity signal of transmitted light output from the solution to be detected, and a control device obtains the available phosphorus content in the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal and a calibration model. The portable detection device for the content of the available phosphorus in the soil is convenient to carry, low in labor intensity, and capable of conveniently and rapidly acquiring the content of the available phosphorus in the soil, and is favorable for measuring the convenience of the content of the available phosphorus in the soil on the farmland site.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable soil available phosphorus content detection device provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a control structure of the control device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for detecting the available phosphorus content in the portable soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a second flowchart of the method for detecting the content of available phosphorus in the portable soil according to the present invention;
reference numerals:
1: a first container; 2: a first capillary tube;
3: a third capillary tube; 4: a first micro pump;
5: a liquid crystal display screen; 6: a centrifugal device;
7: an ion permeable membrane; 8: a second micro pump;
9: a fourth container; 10: a third container;
11: a control device; 12: a third micropump;
13: a second container; 14: a detection device;
1401: a light source; 1402: a monochromator;
1403: a detector; 15: a second capillary.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The following describes the detection device for the effective phosphorus content in soil according to the embodiment of the invention with reference to fig. 1 to 5.
As shown in fig. 1, the portable device for detecting the content of available phosphorus in soil according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a first container 1, a second container 13, a third container 10, a centrifuge 6, a detector 14 and a controller 11.
The first container 1 is connected with a centrifugal device 6 through a first infusion pipeline; the centrifugal device 6 is connected with a third container 10 through a second infusion pipeline; the second container 13 is connected with the third container 10 through a third infusion pipeline; the detection device 14 is connected to the control device 11.
A first container 1 for storing a leaching agent; the second container 13 is used for storing the color developing agent, and the centrifugal device 6 is used for centrifuging the lixiviant and the soil solution from the first container 1; the third container 10 is used for mixing the solution after the centrifugal treatment and the color developing agent from the second container 13 to obtain a solution to be measured;
the detection device 14 is configured to irradiate monochromatic light into the solution to be detected, and obtain a first light intensity signal of transmitted light output from the solution to be detected; the control device 11 obtains the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal.
Specifically, the first container 1 is used for storing a leaching agent, which may be a 0.5mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution or a 0.03mol/L ammonium fluoride-0.025 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution. The second container 13 is used for storing a color developing agent, and the color developing agent is a solution formed by mixing ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and antimony potassium tartrate. The centrifugation device 6 may be a microcentrifuge. The first container 1 and the second container 13 are test tubes or cuvettes.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) mainly dividing a farmland into a dry farmland and a paddy field, and aiming at crops in the dry farmland, firstly mixing a collected soil sample with a preset weight with purified water according to a certain mass ratio to prepare a soil solution for standby application; for crops in paddy fields, after the water and soil solution is collected in the paddy fields, the water and soil solution can be directly used as the soil solution for standby, and the obtained soil solution with the quantitative volume is put into a micro centrifuge. The lixiviant in the first container 1 enters the micro centrifugal machine along the first liquid conveying pipeline, after a certain volume of lixiviant enters the micro centrifugal machine, the micro centrifugal machine is started, the lixiviant and the soil solution are subjected to digestion reaction in the micro centrifugal machine, and after the lixiviant and the soil solution react in the micro centrifugal machine for a period of time, the micro centrifugal machine is closed. The precipitate is collected at the bottom of the micro centrifuge, the upper part is a clear solution, and the clear solution contains phosphate ions. The micro centrifugal machine can accelerate the reaction of the leaching agent and the soil solution, shorten the time required by digestion reaction and improve the measurement efficiency of the detection device.
The clarified solution from the top of the microcentrifuge then passes along a second infusion line into a third container 10, after which the developer in the second container 13 passes along a third infusion line into the third container 10. A metered volume of developer is introduced into the third container 10 and the clear solution and developer are mixed in the third container 10 to form the solution to be measured.
At this time, the detecting device 14 emits monochromatic light with a preset wavelength into the third container 10, the wavelength of the monochromatic light is set according to actual requirements, for example, the monochromatic light with the preset wavelength can be 700nm monochromatic light, the solution to be detected in the third container 10 can absorb part of the monochromatic light, the unabsorbed monochromatic light can be scattered, and the detecting device 14 obtains a first light intensity signal of transmitted light output from the solution to be detected.
The control device 11 stores a pre-established calibration model, the calibration model is a pre-established calibration curve, and the calibration curve represents the correlation between the available phosphorus content and the light intensity signal. The control device 11 combines the first light intensity signal with the calibration model to obtain the content of available phosphorus in the soil sample.
In the whole measurement process, the operations of measuring and dripping the leaching agent and the color developing agent are not required to be carried out by operators, the workload of the operators is greatly reduced, the digestion reaction of the leaching agent and the soil solution is carried out in a micro centrifuge, the time required by the digestion reaction is shortened, the whole measurement time can be shortened by nearly 5 times compared with that of the traditional laboratory method, and the measurement efficiency is improved. Especially to the crops of paddy field class, after the soil and water solution is gathered in the paddy field, usable detection device directly carries out the survey of soil available phosphorus content for measure more fast, convenient.
In the embodiment of the invention, an extracting agent enters the centrifugal device 6 along the first infusion pipeline to perform digestion reaction with a soil solution, a clear solution after digestion reaction enters the third container 10 along the second infusion pipeline, a color developing agent enters the third container 10 along the third infusion pipeline to be mixed with the clear solution to form a solution to be detected, the detecting device 14 irradiates monochromatic light to the solution to be detected to obtain a first light intensity signal of transmitted light output from the solution to be detected, and the control device 11 obtains the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal and the calibration model. The portable detection device for the content of the available phosphorus in the soil is convenient to carry, low in labor intensity, and capable of conveniently and rapidly acquiring the content of the available phosphorus in the soil, and is favorable for measuring the convenience of the content of the available phosphorus in the soil on the farmland site.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the portable soil available phosphorus content detection device further comprises a fourth container 9, and the fourth container 9 is used for storing a phosphorus standard solution.
The detection device 14 obtains a second light intensity signal of the transmitted light output from the phosphorus standard solution by emitting monochromatic light to the phosphorus standard solution, and the concentration of the phosphorus standard solution is different and the intensity of the second light intensity signal is also different. The phosphorus standard solutions with different concentrations are put into the fourth container 9 for multiple times, and the detection device 14 irradiates monochromatic light to the phosphorus standard solutions with different concentrations to obtain a plurality of second light intensity signals of transmitted light output from the phosphorus standard solutions with different concentrations. The control device 11 establishes a calibration model according to the plurality of second light intensity signals and the concentration of the phosphorus standard solution, the calibration model is represented by a calibration curve, the abscissa of the calibration curve represents the information of the second light intensity signals, and the ordinate of the calibration curve represents the available phosphorus content.
The control device 11 compares the first light intensity signal with the abscissa in the calibration model to obtain the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution.
As shown in fig. 2, in an alternative embodiment, the detection device 14 includes a light source 1401, a monochromator 1402 and a detector 1403, and the light source 1401, the monochromator 1402 and the detector 1403 are arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the optical path.
Specifically, the light source 1401 employs a white LED lamp for generating composite light. Monochromator 1402 is used to decompose the composite light into different types of light, and to select a single wavelength of light to pass through, for example, a monochromatic light having a wavelength of 700 nm. The detector 1403 can be an InGaAs detector 1403 with high reliability, low dark current and a sensitive wave band of 650 nm-750 nm, or an SbKNaCs type photomultiplier with a spectral response range of 300 nm-850 nm, high sensitivity and quick response.
The detector 1403 is configured to convert a first light intensity signal of transmitted light, which is emitted by the monochromator 1402 and is scattered after being absorbed by the solution to be detected in the third container 10, into a first electrical signal, where the first electrical signal reflects the intensity of monochromatic light after the monochromatic light is absorbed by the solution to be detected in the third container 10. The detector 1403 is further configured to convert a second light intensity signal of transmitted light, which is scattered after the monochromatic light emitted by the monochromator 1402 is absorbed by the phosphorus standard solution in the fourth container 9, into a second electrical signal, where the second electrical signal reflects the monochromatic light intensity of the monochromatic light after the monochromatic light is absorbed by the phosphorus standard solution in the fourth container 9.
The control device 11 comprises a control module, the control module is used for controlling and coordinating orderly work of all modules in the control device 11, the control module can adopt a high-performance processor chip with the model of STM32F103 with the frequency up to 700MHz, the control module is in communication connection with an AD acquisition circuit, a first electric signal is converted into a first digital signal through the AD acquisition circuit, the control module acquires information of the first digital signal, and the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution is acquired according to a calibration model.
As shown in fig. 3, further, the control module is connected in communication with a light source 1401 driving circuit, the light source 1401 driving circuit adopts current source driving, and the control module controls the light source 1401 to be turned on and off through the light source 1401 driving circuit. The control module is in communication connection with the monochromator 1402 adjusting circuit, the monochromator 1402 adjusting circuit is used for driving the monochromator 1402, and the control module adjusts the composite light into monochromatic light with a preset wavelength through the monochromator 1402 adjusting circuit. The control module is in communication connection with an AD acquisition circuit, and the AD acquisition circuit converts the electric signals of the detector 1403 or the photomultiplier tube into digital signals for the control module to acquire. The control module is in communication connection with the motor driving circuit and controls the starting or the closing of the motor through the motor driving circuit.
In an alternative embodiment, the detection means 14 further comprises a moving platform, to which the light source 1401, the monochromator 1402 and the detector 1403 are arranged, which is connected to the control means 11, which is movable between the first position and the second position.
With the mobile platform in the first position, the third container 10 is positioned between the monochromator 1402 and the probe 1403;
with the mobile platform in the second position, the fourth container 9 is located between the monochromator 1402 and the detector 1403.
Specifically, the light source 1401, the monochromator 1402 and the detector 1403 are fixed on the mobile platform, the light source 1401 and the monochromator 1402 are positioned on one side of the mobile platform, and the detector 1403 is positioned on the other side of the mobile platform. The motor is electrically connected with the mobile platform, the motor drives the mobile platform to do linear motion, and the motor can be a stepping motor.
The fourth container 9 and the third container 10 are cuvettes, the fourth container 9 and the third container 10 are located on the same side of the detection device, the distance between the fourth container 9 and the third container 10 is set according to actual requirements, and the moving platform can move between the third container 10 and the fourth container 9.
When the phosphorus standard solution in the fourth container 9 needs to be measured, the motor drives the moving platform to move to the fourth container 9, the fourth container 9 is located between the monochromator 1402 and the detector 1403, the white LED lamp is turned on, the composite light is changed into monochromatic light with the wavelength of 700nm after passing through the monochromator 1402, the monochromatic light with the wavelength of 700nm enters the third container 10, the phosphorus standard solution absorbs partial monochromatic light, and the detector 1403 converts a second light intensity signal of the scattered light of the monochromatic light after passing through the fourth container 9 into a second electric signal. The second electric signal is converted into a second digital signal through the AD acquisition circuit, the control module acquires second digital signal information, and the control module establishes a calibration model according to the plurality of second digital signal information and the corresponding concentrations of the plurality of phosphorus standard solutions.
When the solution to be measured in the third container 10 needs to be measured, the motor drives the moving platform to move to the third container 10, the third container 10 is located between the monochromator 1402 and the detector 1403, the white LED lamp is turned on, the composite light passes through the monochromator 1402 and then is changed into monochromatic light with the wavelength of 700nm, the monochromatic light with the wavelength of 700nm enters the third container 10, the solution to be measured absorbs part of the monochromatic light, and the detector 1403 converts a first light intensity signal of the scattered light of the monochromatic light passing through the third container 10 into a first electric signal. The first electric signal is converted into a first digital signal through the AD acquisition circuit, the control module acquires first digital signal information, and the control module combines the first digital signal information with the calibration model to acquire the content of available phosphorus in the soil solution.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the mobile platform can move between the third container 10 and the fourth container 9, the control device 11 establishes the calibration model according to the second light intensity signal obtained by the detector 1403, and the control device 11 obtains the effective phosphorus content of the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal and the calibration model, which is favorable for improving the measurement accuracy and the measurement convenience.
In an optional embodiment, the control device 11 includes a control module and a driving module, the control module is connected to the driving module and the detection device, the driving module is connected to the first infusion pipeline, the second infusion pipeline and the third infusion pipeline, and the driving module is configured to control the first infusion pipeline, the second infusion pipeline and the third infusion pipeline to be turned on or off.
The driving module ensures that the capacity of the leaching agent, the capacity of the clarifying solution, the capacity of the color developing agent and the time of digestion reaction meet the requirements by controlling the opening and closing of the first infusion pipeline, the second infusion pipeline, the third infusion pipeline and the centrifugal device 6, does not need the participation of operators, and has low labor intensity.
Further, the control device 11 further includes a clock module, and the clock module is configured to detect a duration of the solution delivery of the first infusion pipeline, and a duration of the operation of the centrifugal device 6.
The control module sends an instruction to the driving module according to the detection value of the clock module, and the driving module receives the instruction and controls the starting or closing of the first infusion pipeline, the second infusion pipeline, the third infusion pipeline and the centrifugal device 6. The clock module may employ the DS11307 to provide real time for detection.
In the embodiment of the invention, the driving module is used for controlling the starting or the closing of the first infusion pipeline, the second infusion pipeline and the third infusion pipeline, no operator is required to participate, the labor intensity is low, and the measurement efficiency is favorably improved.
In an optional embodiment, the first infusion pipeline includes a first capillary 2 and a first micropump 4, one end of the first capillary 2 is communicated with the first container 1, the other end of the first capillary 2 is communicated with the centrifugal device 6, the first micropump 4 is disposed on the first capillary 2, and both the first micropump 4 and the centrifugal device 6 are connected with the driving module.
The diameter of the first capillary 2 is 0.2-0.5 mm, the first micro pump 4 drives the lixiviant in the first container 1 to enter the centrifugal device 6 along the first capillary 2, the capacity of the lixiviant entering the centrifugal device 6 from the first container 1 along the first capillary 2 is controlled by the running time of the first micro pump 4, the digestion reaction time of the lixiviant and the soil solution is controlled by the running time of the centrifugal device 6, the centrifugal device 6 can be a micro-centrifuge, and the lixiviant and the soil solution are subjected to digestion reaction in the micro-centrifuge, so that the time required by the digestion reaction is greatly shortened.
The clock module detects the running time of the first micropump 4 and the centrifugal device 6, the control module sends an instruction to the driving module according to the detection value of the clock module, the driving module receives the instruction to control the starting and the closing of the first micropump 4 and the centrifugal device 6, the capacity of an extracting agent and the digestion reaction time can meet requirements, an operator does not need to start or close the first micropump 4 and the centrifugal device 6 through observing the time, the workload of the operator is reduced, and the measurement efficiency is improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the second infusion pipeline includes a second capillary 15, a second micro pump 8 and an ion permeable membrane 7, one end of the second capillary 15 is communicated with the centrifugal device 6, the other end of the second capillary 15 is communicated with the third container 10, the second micro pump 8 and the ion permeable membrane 7 are arranged on the second capillary 15, the second micro pump 8 is connected with the driving module, and the ion permeable membrane 7 is selectively permeable to available phosphorus ions.
The diameter of the second capillary 15 is 0.2-0.5 mm, the second micro pump 8 drives the clarified solution in the centrifugal device 6 to enter the third container 10, the capacity of the clarified solution entering the third container 10 from the centrifugal device 6 along the second capillary 15 is controlled by the running time of the second micro pump 8, the ion permeable membrane 7 is arranged between the centrifugal device 6 and the second micro pump 8, the ion permeable membrane 7 is an anion passing membrane for passing effective phosphorus ions, and the aluminum ions, iron ions and the like in the clarified solution are effectively prevented from entering the third container 10.
The clock module detects the running time of the second micropump 8, the control module sends an instruction to the driving module according to the detection value of the clock module, the driving module receives the instruction to control the second micropump 8 to be started and closed, the capacity of the clarified solution entering the third container 10 meets the requirement, an operator does not need to start or close the second micropump 8 through observing the running time, the workload of the operator is reduced, and the measurement efficiency is improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the third infusion line includes a third capillary 3 and a third micropump 12, one end of the third capillary 3 is communicated with the second container 13, the other end of the third capillary 3 is communicated with the third container 10, the third micropump 12 is disposed on the third capillary 3, and the third micropump 12 is connected with the driving module.
The diameter of the third capillary 3 is 0.2-0.5 mm, the third micro pump 12 drives the lixiviant in the second container 13 to enter the third container 10 along the third capillary 3, and the volume of the color developing agent entering the third container 10 from the second container 13 along the third capillary 3 is controlled by the running time of the third micro pump 12.
The clock module detects the running time of the third micropump 12, the control module sends an instruction to the driving module according to the detection value of the clock module, the driving module receives the instruction to control the third micropump 12 to be started and closed, the capacity of the color developing agent entering the third container 10 is ensured to meet the requirement, an operator does not need to start or close the third micropump 12 through observing the running time, the workload of the operator is reduced, and the measurement efficiency is improved.
In an optional embodiment, the control device 11 further includes a human-computer interaction module, the human-computer interaction module is connected to the control module, the human-computer interaction module is configured to display information and receive input instructions for respectively controlling the centrifugal device and the detection device, and the control module generates corresponding control instructions according to the input instructions.
Specifically, the human-computer interaction module comprises a liquid crystal display screen 5, the liquid crystal display screen 5 provides a good human-computer interaction interface for a user, the user can conveniently operate and check the equipment parameters and the measurement data, and the user can check the content of available phosphorus in the soil through the liquid crystal display screen 5.
The user inputs instructions through the liquid crystal display screen 5, and the control module generates corresponding control instructions such as measurement instructions, display instructions, data storage instructions and the like according to the input instructions.
The control device 11 further comprises a storage module for storing measured experimental data, such as data of available phosphorus content in soil.
Further, the control device 11 further includes a power management unit for providing multiple voltages.
Specifically, the power management unit converts the voltage of the 3.7V lithium battery into voltages of 1.8V, 3.3V, and 5V for use by the respective modules. For example, the power management unit provides 1.8V working voltage for the first micro pump 4, the second micro pump 8, the third micro pump 12 and the centrifugal device 6, 3.3V working voltage for the light source 1401 driving circuit, the monochromator 1402 adjusting circuit, the AD collecting circuit and the motor driving circuit, and 5V working voltage for the liquid crystal display 5.
As shown in fig. 4, the detection method of the portable device for detecting the content of available phosphorus in soil according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
and step 400, acquiring the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal.
Specifically, the lixiviant takes place to clear up the reaction with soil solution in getting into centrifugal device 6 along first infusion pipeline, clear solution after clearing up the reaction gets into third container 10 along second infusion pipeline, the developer gets into third container 10 along third infusion pipeline and mixes with clear solution and form the solution that awaits measuring, detecting device 14 incides monochromatic light to the solution that awaits measuring, obtain the first light intensity signal who sees through light from the solution output that awaits measuring, controlling means 11 is according to first light intensity signal and calibration model, acquire the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution, can be comparatively convenient, acquire the content of the effective phosphorus of soil fast.
As shown in fig. 5, the following describes in detail the method of detecting the content of available phosphorus in the portable soil.
The first container 1 stores a leaching agent, the second container 13 stores a color developing agent, and the fourth container 9 stores a phosphorus standard solution.
Obtain the soil sample in the farmland, will predetermine the soil sample of weight and pure water proportional mixing, can understand and mix soil sample and pure water according to certain mass ratio, prepare soil solution, get 2 ml's soil solution and put into micro centrifuge.
The control module receives the reference measurement instruction, the control module controls the motor to start, the motor drives the detection device 14 to move to the position where the fourth container 9 is located, the control module controls the light source 1401 to start, the monochromator 1402 selects the monochromatic light of 700nm to be incident into the fourth container 9, the phosphorus standard solution in the fourth container 9 absorbs partial monochromatic light, the unabsorbed monochromatic light is scattered to the detector 1403, the detector 1403 obtains a second light intensity signal, the second light intensity signal is converted into a second electric signal through photoelectric conversion, the second electric signal is converted into a second digital signal through the AD acquisition circuit, and the control device 11 establishes a calibration model according to the second digital signal.
The control module receives a measurement instruction of a solution to be measured, the control module sends an instruction to the drive module, the drive module controls the first micro pump 4 to be started, the first micro pump 4 drives the leaching agent in the first container 1 to be conveyed to the micro centrifuge, the clock module detects the running time of the first micro pump 4, the running time of the first micro pump 4 reaches a first preset time, the constant volume in the micro centrifuge is 5ml at the moment, the control module sends an instruction to the drive module according to the detection value of the clock module, and the drive module controls the first micro pump 4 to be closed.
And then the driving module controls the micro centrifuge to start, the digestion reaction of the leaching agent and the soil solution is carried out in the micro centrifuge, the digestion reaction time is 3-5 minutes, and the digestion reaction time is set according to actual requirements. The clock module detects the running time of the micro centrifugal machine, the running time of the micro centrifugal machine reaches a second preset time, the control module sends an instruction to the driving module according to the detection value of the clock module, and the driving module controls the micro centrifugal machine to be closed. The precipitate collected at the bottom of the microcentrifuge, and the clear solution at the top.
Then the driving module controls the second micropump 8 to start, the second micropump 8 drives the clarified solution in the micro centrifuge to be conveyed into the third container 10, the clock module detects the running time of the second micropump 8, the running time of the second micropump 8 reaches a third preset time, at the moment, the volume of the clarified solution in the third container 10 reaches 2ml, the control module sends an instruction to the driving module according to the detection value of the clock module, and the driving module controls the second micropump 8 to be closed.
Then the driving module controls the third micropump 12 to start, the third micropump 12 drives the color developing agent in the second container 13 to be conveyed into the third container 10, the clock module detects the running time of the third micropump 12, the running time of the third micropump 12 reaches a fourth preset time, at the moment, the constant volume in the third container 10 is 5ml, the control module sends an instruction to the driving module according to the detection value of the clock module, and the driving module controls the third micropump 12 to be closed. And (3) reacting the clear solution and the color developing agent in a third container 10 for 1-2 minutes to form a solution to be detected.
The contents of the soil solution and the leaching agent in the micro-centrifuge, and the contents of the clarified solution and the color developing agent in the third container 10 are set according to actual requirements.
The control module controls the motor to start, the motor drives the detection device 14 to move to the position where the third container 10 is located, the control module controls the light source 1401 to start, the monochromator 1402 selects 700nm monochromatic light to be incident into the third container 10, the solution to be detected in the third container 10 absorbs partial monochromatic light, the unabsorbed monochromatic light is scattered to the detector 1403, the detector 1403 obtains a first light intensity signal, the first light intensity signal is converted into a first electric signal through photoelectric conversion, the first electric signal is converted into a first digital signal through the AD acquisition circuit, and the first digital signal is stored in the storage module. And the control module calculates the content of the available phosphorus in the soil according to the first digital signal and the calibration model.
The third container 10 is provided with a liquid discharge port, and after the solution to be measured is measured, the solution to be measured is discharged from the liquid discharge port, so that the next soil sample can be measured.
When the solution to be measured is measured, a plurality of soil samples can be measured, and an average value is taken. For example, five soil samples are measured, the content of the available phosphorus in five soils is obtained, and the average value of the content of the available phosphorus in five soils is taken as the content of the available phosphorus in the soil of the farmland.
After the soil sample measurement is completed, the control module is in a monitoring instruction state, the control module receives a display instruction, the control module controls the liquid crystal display screen 5 to be started, the liquid crystal display screen 5 can display the content of the available phosphorus in the soil, historical measurement results can be inquired, and if the display time reaches the set time, the liquid crystal display screen 5 is closed.
And the control module receives the data storage instruction, stores the data information of the measured soil available phosphorus content, returns to the instruction monitoring state if the measured data is successfully stored, and prompts a user to store if the measured data is not successfully stored.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A portable soil available phosphorus content detection device, characterized by includes: the device comprises a first container, a second container, a third container, a centrifugal device, a detection device and a control device;
the first container is connected with the centrifugal device through a first infusion pipeline; the centrifugal device is connected with the third container through a second infusion pipeline; the second container is connected with the third container through a third infusion pipeline; the detection device is connected with the control device;
the first container is used for storing leaching agent; the second container is used for storing the color developing agent, and the centrifugal device is used for centrifuging the leaching agent and the soil solution from the first container; the third container is used for mixing the solution after centrifugal treatment and the color developing agent from the second container to obtain a solution to be tested;
the detection device is used for emitting monochromatic light to the solution to be detected to obtain a first light intensity signal of transmitted light output from the solution to be detected; and the control device acquires the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal.
2. The portable soil available phosphorus content detection device according to claim 1, further comprising a fourth container for storing a phosphorus standard solution;
the detection device is used for emitting monochromatic light to the phosphorus standard solution to obtain a second light intensity signal of transmitted light output from the phosphorus standard solution; and the control device establishes a calibration model according to the second light intensity signal, and obtains the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal and the calibration model.
3. The portable soil available phosphorus content detection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the detection device comprises a light source, a monochromator and a detector, and the light source, the monochromator and the detector are arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the light path.
4. The portable soil available phosphorus content detection device according to claim 3, wherein the detection device further comprises a movable platform, the light source, the monochromator and the detector are disposed on the movable platform, the movable platform is connected to the control device, and the movable platform can move between a first position and a second position;
with the mobile platform in the first position, the third container is located between the monochromator and the detector;
with the mobile platform in the second position, the fourth container is located between the monochromator and the detector.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control device comprises a control module and a driving module, the control module is connected to the driving module and the detection device, the driving module is connected to the first infusion pipeline, the second infusion pipeline and the third infusion pipeline, and the driving module is configured to control the first infusion pipeline, the second infusion pipeline and the third infusion pipeline to be turned on or off.
6. The portable device for detecting the content of available phosphorus in soil according to claim 5, wherein the first infusion pipeline comprises a first capillary tube and a first micropump, one end of the first capillary tube is connected to the first container, the other end of the first capillary tube is connected to the centrifugal device, the first micropump is disposed on the first capillary tube, and the first micropump and the centrifugal device are both connected to the driving module.
7. The portable device for detecting the content of available phosphorus in soil according to claim 5, wherein the second infusion pipeline comprises a second capillary tube, a second micro pump and an ion permeable membrane, one end of the second capillary tube is communicated with the centrifugal device, the other end of the second capillary tube is communicated with the third container, the second micro pump and the ion permeable membrane are disposed on the second capillary tube, the second micro pump is connected with the driving module, and the ion permeable membrane is selectively permeable to available phosphorus ions.
8. The portable device for detecting the content of available phosphorus in soil according to claim 5, wherein the third infusion line comprises a third capillary tube and a third micro pump, one end of the third capillary tube is connected to the second container, the other end of the third capillary tube is connected to the third container, the third micro pump is disposed on the third capillary tube, and the third micro pump is connected to the driving module.
9. The portable device for detecting the content of available phosphorus in soil according to claim 5, wherein the control device further comprises a human-computer interaction module, the human-computer interaction module is connected with the control module, the human-computer interaction module is used for displaying information and receiving input commands for respectively controlling the centrifugal device and the detection device, and the control module generates corresponding control commands according to the input commands.
10. The method for detecting the content of available phosphorus in the portable soil according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps:
conveying the lixiviant and the soil solution to a centrifugal device, and centrifuging the mixed solution of the lixiviant and the soil solution by the centrifugal device;
mixing the solution after the centrifugal treatment with a color developing agent to obtain a solution to be tested;
the monochromatic light is incident to the solution to be detected, and a first light intensity signal of transmitted light output from the solution to be detected is obtained;
and acquiring the effective phosphorus content in the soil solution according to the first light intensity signal.
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