CN114389714A - Channel damage compensation method based on Hodeler function model strong lightning current - Google Patents

Channel damage compensation method based on Hodeler function model strong lightning current Download PDF

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CN114389714A
CN114389714A CN202111643450.9A CN202111643450A CN114389714A CN 114389714 A CN114389714 A CN 114389714A CN 202111643450 A CN202111643450 A CN 202111643450A CN 114389714 A CN114389714 A CN 114389714A
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signals
function model
lightning current
strong lightning
butterfly filter
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尹喜阳
卢志鑫
李霜冰
曲思衡
王建波
付连宇
吕国远
刘乙召
王强
刘连志
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
Information and Telecommunication Branch of State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
Information and Telecommunication Branch of State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/616—Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/616—Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers
    • H04B10/6161—Compensation of chromatic dispersion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/616—Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers
    • H04B10/6162—Compensation of polarization related effects, e.g., PMD, PDL

Abstract

The invention relates to a channel damage compensation method based on a Hodler function model strong lightning current, which comprises the following steps: step 1: preprocessing two polarization state signals in the optical fiber and inputting the signals into a butterfly filter to obtain balanced and demultiplexed signals; step 2, calculating an error value of the equalized and demultiplexed signal obtained in the step 1; step 3, the Kalman filter updates the tap coefficient of the butterfly filter according to the error value obtained in the step 2; and 4, step 4: the butterfly filter uses the updated tap coefficient to realize the equalization demultiplexing of the next time code element, and further compensates the time-varying rapid RSOP damage caused by the strong lightning current based on the Hodeler function model. The invention uses two Kalman filters to respectively realize the balanced demultiplexing of two polarization states in a polarization multiplexing system, and effectively compensates the time-varying rapid RSOP damage caused by strong lightning current based on a Hodeler function model.

Description

Channel damage compensation method based on Hodeler function model strong lightning current
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of long-distance high-speed optical communication transmission, relates to a channel damage compensation method, and particularly relates to a channel damage compensation method based on a Hodler function model strong lightning current.
Background
With the increasing number of ultra-long distance station communication scenes in the power system, the station span generally exceeds 300km, and the general station span is about 100km, so that the power system and the ultra-long distance optical fiber communication present the trend of wide area and complexity, and higher requirements are provided for the reliability and stability of the ultra-long distance optical fiber communication. This presents two challenges to the companion fiber optic communication system: on one hand, the relay transmission distance of the optical fiber communication system needs to be increased to more than 300km under the condition of ensuring the communication quality; on the other hand, the physical damage suffered by the overlength distance OPGW aerial optical cable is greatly increased, for example, the dispersion is greatly increased, the polarization mode dispersion is more serious, and particularly, the rapid polarization rotation damage caused by lightning stroke is recognized even in the industry: OPGW optical cables under the influence of lightning strikes can cause communication disruptions in metropolitan and long distance networks.
The hodler function is widely applied to the field of thunder and lightning research as a lightning current function model proposed by the international electrotechnical commission. According to the study of Peter m.krummrich et al, there is a linear relationship between the polarization rotation angle and the intensity of the lightning current in the optical fiber, and the time-varying intensity of the lightning current causes the time-varying polarization rotation angle in the optical fiber and also causes the time-varying RSOP damage.
Kalman filters, a powerful mathematical tool to solve the problem of non-stationary signal filtering, have been used by researchers in recent years to compensate for fast polarization rotation impairments in optical fibers.
The following prior art is found through retrieval:
in the first prior art, in 2010, t.marshall proposes an extended kalman scheme (EKF) that can track the polarization state and phase of a signal at the same time, and applies a kalman filtering algorithm to the field of equalization and demultiplexing of optical fiber communication. Compared with a CMA/MMA algorithm, the EKF algorithm has the advantages of high convergence rate, no singularity problem, capability of compensating the rapid polarization rotation damage and the like, and experiments prove that the RSOP damage with the rotation rate of 6.8Mrad/s can be compensated.
In the prior art, Yanyansufu and the like propose a radius-oriented linear Kalman algorithm (RD-LKF) based on a CMA scheme, and an RD-LKF balanced demultiplexing scheme can effectively compensate the rapid RSOP damage and can compensate the polarization rotation damage of 2.5Mrad/s under a polarization multiplexing 16QAM modulation format. And RD-LKF is not affected by frequency offset and phase noise.
In the third prior art, a joint compensation kalman scheme proposed by zhanxiao lightings and the like can simultaneously realize effective compensation for polarization rotation, polarization mode dispersion and polarization-related damage. Simulation results in a 28Gbaud PDM-QPSK/16QAM coherent system show that the joint compensation scheme can cope with high-speed RSOP (maximum 3Mrad/s), large PMD (over 200ps) and large RCD tolerance.
In the above design of the kalman equalization scheme, a single kalman filter is used to implement equalization demultiplexing of two polarization states in a polarization multiplexing system, which may bring higher computational complexity and is not favorable for DSP implementation. And none of the above solutions consider time-varying RSOP damage under lightning strike conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a channel damage compensation method based on the strong lightning current of a Hodler function model.
The invention solves the practical problem by adopting the following technical scheme:
a channel damage compensation method based on a Hodler function model strong lightning current comprises the following steps:
step 1: preprocessing two polarization state signals in the optical fiber and inputting the signals into a butterfly filter to obtain balanced and demultiplexed signals;
step 2, calculating an error value of the equalized and demultiplexed signal obtained in the step 1;
step 3, the Kalman filter updates the tap coefficient of the butterfly filter according to the error value obtained in the step 2;
and 4, step 4: the butterfly filter uses the updated tap coefficient to realize the equalization demultiplexing of the next time code element, and further compensates the time-varying rapid RSOP damage caused by the strong lightning current based on the Hodeler function model.
Moreover, the specific method of step 1 is:
sending signals obtained after digital signal processing of two polarization state signals in the optical fiber into a butterfly filter, and multiplying the signals by a tap coefficient of the butterfly filter, namely:
Figure BDA0003443539910000031
Figure BDA0003443539910000032
wherein, the center tap coefficient of the butterfly filter
Figure BDA0003443539910000033
Is set as an initial value of
Figure BDA0003443539910000034
The initial values of the non-center tap coefficients are all set to 0, and X ', Y' are output signals.
Moreover, the specific method of the step 2 is as follows:
and (3) making differences between the equalized and demultiplexed signals X 'and Y' output in the step (1) and the reference radius of the signal modulation format respectively:
Figure BDA0003443539910000041
Figure BDA0003443539910000042
wherein epsilonx、εyError values of two signal polarization states respectively; r isx、ryRespectively, the values of the respective closest reference radii of the output signals X ', Y', for the normalized 16QAM signal,
Figure BDA0003443539910000043
the specific method of step 3 is:
error value epsilon of two signal polarization statesx、εyTwo Kalman filters are respectively input to update tap coefficients of the butterfly filter:
[hxx(k) hxy(k)]T＝[hxx(k-1) hxy(k-1)]T+Kx(k)·εx(k) (7)
[hyx(k) hyy(k)]T＝[hyx(k-1) hyy(k-1)]T+Ky(k)·εy(k) (8)
wherein (k) represents the current time and (k-1) represents the previous time; kx(k)、Ky(k) Are respectively two cardsThe Kalman gain value of the Kalman filter is derived by the following formula:
H(k)＝[Ev(k) Eh(k)]T (9)
Figure BDA0003443539910000044
Figure BDA0003443539910000045
Figure BDA0003443539910000046
Figure BDA0003443539910000047
Figure BDA0003443539910000048
Figure BDA0003443539910000049
wherein H (k) is a transformation matrix; q is measurement noise; r is process noise;
Figure BDA00034435399100000410
estimating a noise covariance for the prior; px(k)、Py(k) The noise covariance is estimated for the posteriori.
Moreover, the specific method of the step 4 is as follows:
updated tap coefficients
Figure BDA0003443539910000051
And (4) equalizing and demultiplexing the code element at the next moment, namely returning to the step 1, and realizing channel damage compensation after the two Kalman filters are converged.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a channel damage compensation method based on a Hodler function model strong lightning current, which adopts a Kalman equalization scheme with relatively low complexity, and realizes equalization demultiplexing of two polarization states in a polarization multiplexing system by using two Kalman filters respectively, so as to effectively compensate time-varying rapid RSOP damage caused by the Hodler function model strong lightning current. The Kalman equalization method is more beneficial to DSP realization due to relatively low complexity, and is expected to ensure normal operation of an optical fiber communication system under a lightning stroke condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a butterfly equalization demultiplexer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a reference diagram for calculating error values according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of Kalman filtering according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a channel damage compensation method based on a hadler function model strong lightning current, as shown in fig. 4, includes the following steps:
step 1: preprocessing two polarization state signals in the optical fiber and inputting the signals into a butterfly filter to obtain balanced and demultiplexed signals;
the specific method of the step 1 comprises the following steps:
processing two polarization state signals in the optical fiber by digital signals (IQ orthogonalization compensation, sampling offset compensation, dispersion compensation, sampling clock recovery and frequency offset compensation) to obtain signals (E)v Eh)TThe butterfly filter shown in fig. 2 is fed, and is multiplied by the tap coefficients of the filter, that is:
Figure BDA0003443539910000061
Figure BDA0003443539910000062
wherein, the center tap coefficient of the butterfly filter
Figure BDA0003443539910000063
Is set as an initial value of
Figure BDA0003443539910000064
The initial values of the non-center tap coefficients are all set to 0, and X ', Y' are output signals.
Step 2, calculating an error value of the equalized and demultiplexed signal obtained in the step 1;
the specific method of the step 2 comprises the following steps:
making difference between the balanced and demultiplexed signals X 'and Y' output in the step 1 and the reference radius of the signal modulation format respectively;
in this embodiment, taking the polarization multiplexing 16QAM modulation format as an example, as shown in fig. 3:
Figure BDA0003443539910000065
Figure BDA0003443539910000066
wherein epsilonx、εyError values of two signal polarization states respectively; r isx、ryRespectively, the values of the respective closest reference radii of the output signals X ', Y', for the normalized 16QAM signal,
Figure BDA0003443539910000067
step 3, the Kalman filter updates the tap coefficient of the butterfly filter according to the error value obtained in the step 2;
the specific method of the step 3 comprises the following steps:
error value epsilon of two signal polarization statesx、εyTwo Kalman filters are respectively input to update tap coefficients of the butterfly filter:
[hxx(k) hxy(k)]T＝[hxx(k-1) hxy(k-1)]T+Kx(k)·εx(k) (7)
[hyx(k) hyy(k)]T＝[hyx(k-1) hyy(k-1)]T+Ky(k)·εy(k) (8)
wherein (k) represents the current time and (k-1) represents the previous time; kx(k)、Ky(k) The Kalman gain values of the two Kalman filters are respectively, and the derivation formula is as follows:
H(k)＝[Ev(k) Eh(k)]T (9)
Figure BDA0003443539910000071
Figure BDA0003443539910000072
Figure BDA0003443539910000073
Figure BDA0003443539910000074
Figure BDA0003443539910000075
Figure BDA0003443539910000076
wherein H (k) is a transformation matrix; q is measurement noise; r is process noise;
Figure BDA0003443539910000077
estimating a noise covariance for the prior; px(k)、Py(k) The noise covariance is estimated for the posteriori.
And 4, step 4: the butterfly filter uses the updated tap coefficient to realize the equalization demultiplexing of the next time code element, and further compensates the time-varying rapid RSOP damage caused by the strong lightning current based on the Hodeler function model.
The specific method of the step 4 comprises the following steps:
updated tap coefficients
Figure BDA0003443539910000078
Equalization and demultiplexing of the symbols for the next moment, i.e. returning to step 1, after convergence of the two kalman filters (error value epsilon)x、εyClose to 0), channel impairment compensation is achieved.
Wherein Sx(k)＝[hxx(k) hxy(k)]T、Sy(k)＝[hyx(k) hyy(k)]T、
Figure BDA0003443539910000079
Figure BDA00034435399100000710
Comparing the computational complexity of the solution of the invention (S-RD-LKF) with the original solution (RD-LKF), it was found that the complexity of the solution of the invention (S-RD-LKF) was only 25% -30% of the original solution (RD-LKF) under the same conditions.
Real multiplication Real number addition
S-RD-LKF (32n3+48n2+40n+4)N (32n3+48n2+24n-1)N
RD-LKF (128n3+192n2+74n+4)N (128n3+192n2+48n-1)N
Where N represents the number of taps of the butterfly filter and N represents the symbol sequence length.
The working principle of the invention is shown in figure 1:
at the receiving end, two polarization state signals (X) with polarization aliasing are received by a coherent receiverin，Yin) After certain digital signal processing (IQ orthogonalization compensation, sampling offset compensation, dispersion compensation, sampling clock recovery and frequency offset compensation), the two Kalman filters respectively realize the balanced demultiplexing of two different polarization states in the balanced demultiplexing module. Equalizing the output signal (X) obtained after demultiplexingout，Yout) And then the original digital signal can be obtained through phase recovery and decision decoding.
Wherein, the principle explanation of equalization and demultiplexing is as follows:
in the case of considering only polarization rotation impairments, the transmission function of the fiber channel is a 2 × 2 matrix, and the relationship between the received signal and the transmitted signal is:
Figure BDA0003443539910000081
wherein EhAnd EvRepresenting polarization complex at the receiving endBy signals, ExAnd EyRepresenting polarization multiplexed signals at the transmitting end, hxx、hxy、hyx、hyyIs the tap coefficient of four FIR filters, h11、h12、h21、h22Constituting the transmission function of the fibre channel. As shown in formula (1), due to the non-ideal characteristics such as limited bandwidth of the transceiver device and the polarization rotation of the optical fiber, there is an influence of polarization crosstalk in the received signal, that is, the received one path of polarized light may simultaneously carry the original information on two polarized lights at the transmitting end. This can be implemented with a butterfly-structured cross-polarization interference canceller (XPIC) consisting of 4 FIR filters for polarization demultiplexing (RSOP compensation), as shown in fig. 2.
Then, the butterfly equalization demultiplexer output signal should be:
Figure BDA0003443539910000091
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003443539910000092
thereby completing the equalization demultiplexing of the signal.
The abbreviations to which the present invention relates are explained as follows:
RSOP：rotation of the state of polarization
OPGW:optical ground wire
EKF:Extended Kalman filter
RD-LKF:radius-directed linear Kalman filter
S-RD-LKF:simplified radius-directed linear Kalman filter
CMA:constant modulus algorithm
MMA:modified constant modulus algorithm
PMD:polarization mode dispersion
RCD:residual chromatic dispersion
DSP:digital signal processing
PDM:polarization division multiplexing
QPSK:quadrature phase shift keying
16QAM:16quadrature amplitude modulation
IQ:In-phase Quadrature-phase
it should be emphasized that the examples described herein are illustrative and not restrictive, and thus the present invention includes, but is not limited to, those examples described in this detailed description, as well as other embodiments that can be derived from the teachings of the present invention by those skilled in the art and that are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A channel damage compensation method based on a Hodler function model strong lightning current is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preprocessing two polarization state signals in the optical fiber and inputting the signals into a butterfly filter to obtain balanced and demultiplexed signals;
step 2, calculating an error value of the equalized and demultiplexed signal obtained in the step 1;
step 3, the Kalman filter updates the tap coefficient of the butterfly filter according to the error value obtained in the step 2;
and 4, step 4: the butterfly filter uses the updated tap coefficient to realize the equalization demultiplexing of the next time code element, and further compensates the time-varying rapid RSOP damage caused by the strong lightning current based on the Hodeler function model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel impairment compensation method based on the Huddler function model strong lightning current comprises: the specific method of the step 1 comprises the following steps:
sending signals obtained after digital signal processing of two polarization state signals in the optical fiber into a butterfly filter, and multiplying the signals by a tap coefficient of the butterfly filter, namely:
Figure FDA0003443539900000011
Figure FDA0003443539900000012
wherein, the center tap coefficient of the butterfly filter
Figure FDA0003443539900000013
Is set as an initial value of
Figure FDA0003443539900000014
The initial values of the non-center tap coefficients are all set to 0, and X ', Y' are output signals.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel impairment compensation method based on the Huddler function model strong lightning current comprises: the specific method of the step 2 comprises the following steps:
and (3) making differences between the equalized and demultiplexed signals X 'and Y' output in the step (1) and the reference radius of the signal modulation format respectively:
Figure FDA0003443539900000021
Figure FDA0003443539900000022
wherein epsilonx、εyError values of two signal polarization states respectively; r isx、ryRespectively, the values of the respective closest reference radii of the output signals X ', Y', for the normalized 16QAM signal,
Figure FDA0003443539900000023
4. the method of claim 1, wherein the channel impairment compensation method based on the Huddler function model strong lightning current comprises: the specific method of the step 3 comprises the following steps:
error value epsilon of two signal polarization statesx、εyTwo Kalman filters are respectively input to update tap coefficients of the butterfly filter:
[hxx(k) hxy(k)]T＝[hxx(k-1) hxy(k-1)]T+Kx(k)·εx(k) (7)
[hyx(k) hyy(k)]T＝[hyx(k-1) hyy(k-1)]T+Ky(k)·εy(k) (8)
wherein (k) represents the current time and (k-1) represents the previous time; kx(k)、Ky(k) The Kalman gain values of the two Kalman filters are respectively, and the derivation formula is as follows:
H(k)＝[Ev(k) Eh(k)]T (9)
Figure FDA0003443539900000024
Figure FDA0003443539900000025
Figure FDA0003443539900000026
Figure FDA0003443539900000027
Figure FDA0003443539900000028
Figure FDA0003443539900000029
wherein H (k) is a transformation matrix; q is measurement noise; r is process noise;
Figure FDA0003443539900000031
estimating a noise covariance for the prior; px(k)、Py(k) The noise covariance is estimated for the posteriori.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel impairment compensation method based on the Huddler function model strong lightning current comprises: the specific method of the step 4 comprises the following steps:
updated tap coefficients
Figure FDA0003443539900000032
And (4) equalizing and demultiplexing the code element at the next moment, namely returning to the step 1, and realizing channel damage compensation after the two Kalman filters are converged.
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CN102461035A (en) * 2009-05-28 2012-05-16 诺基亚西门子通信有限责任两合公司 Method and arrangement for blind demultiplexing a polarisation diversity multiplex signal
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