CN114389480B - Piezoelectric energy acquisition circuit based on hysteresis control technology - Google Patents
Piezoelectric energy acquisition circuit based on hysteresis control technology Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/181—Circuits; Control arrangements or methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
The invention discloses a piezoelectric energy acquisition circuit based on a hysteresis control technology, which is characterized by comprising a piezoelectric transducer, a rectifier, a sample-hold module, a hysteresis window module, a buck-boost DC/DC converter with the model of LTC3127, a first energy storage capacitor and a load resistor, wherein the sample-hold module is provided with an input end, an energy output end and a 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end; the hysteresis window control method has the advantages that the hysteresis control is realized by using one hysteresis window module, the whole hysteresis window module can enable the output voltage of the piezoelectric transducer to be stabilized near the 1/2 open-circuit voltage, and the output power of the piezoelectric transducer is always near the maximum power point, so that the output power is maintained at a higher level, the whole circuit control principle is simple, the power consumption is low, and the tracking efficiency of the maximum power point is stable and kept at a higher level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a piezoelectric energy acquisition circuit, in particular to a piezoelectric energy acquisition circuit based on hysteresis control technology.
Background
The piezoelectric transducer is a device for collecting vibration energy in the environment by utilizing the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials, and the piezoelectric transducer is used for generating electric energy to supply power to wireless sensor nodes in the Internet of things, so that the node working stability can be effectively improved, and the node service life can be prolonged; however, the output of the piezoelectric transducer is alternating current which varies with environmental energy, and the problem that the electric energy is unstable and the total amount is not high exists, and the node of the internet of things generally adopts stable direct current for power supply, so that an interface and a power management circuit are needed to rectify, extract, store, convert and the like the alternating current output by the piezoelectric transducer, so that a power supply suitable for loads can be obtained.
The interface and power management circuit generally comprises a rectifying and extracting circuit, an energy storage circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and other modules, the rectifying and extracting circuit converts the output of the piezoelectric transducer into direct-current voltage and extracts the direct-current voltage with high efficiency, as the electric energy which can be extracted at the output end of the rectifier is closely related to the load, the maximum power output can be realized by an impedance matching method, on the other hand, the change of the environmental condition can influence the input vibration energy, so that the energy of the rectifying output correspondingly changes, the maximum power point is not constant, and therefore, the rectifying and extracting circuit mostly comprises a maximum power point tracking circuit to carry out impedance matching, so that the rectifying output reaches the maximum power and extracts as much energy as possible.
According to the maximum power transmission theorem, when the output voltage of the circuit is 1/2 of the rectified open-circuit voltage, the power extracted from the output end of the rectifier reaches the maximum, and when the vibration energy in the environment changes, the open-circuit voltage also changes, and the output voltage of the maximum power point also changes correspondingly, so that the use of the 1/2 open-circuit voltage to realize the maximum power point tracking is one of the current common technologies; on the other hand, algorithms such as an increment method, a disturbance method, a constant voltage method and the like are adopted in many systems for tracking the maximum power point, however, the accurate tracking method always needs more complicated control methods, more hardware or software resources, larger power consumption, longer time and the like no matter through power tracking or voltage tracking, the existing maximum power point tracking circuit adopts a microprocessor to carry out algorithm optimization so as to realize dynamic control, the method has higher tracking efficiency, but needs to provide a stable power supply for the microprocessor, is not suitable for occasions with weak energy in a vibration environment, and part of maximum power point tracking circuits adopt discrete hardware circuits without the microprocessor, but have complex circuit structure, large power consumption and relatively low tracking efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a piezoelectric energy acquisition circuit based on a hysteresis control technology, which is simple in control principle and low in power consumption, and tracking efficiency of a maximum power point is stable and kept at a higher level.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the piezoelectric energy acquisition circuit based on the hysteresis control technology comprises a piezoelectric transducer, a rectifier, a sampling and holding module, a hysteresis window module, a buck-boost DC/DC converter with the model of LTC3127, a first energy storage capacitor and a load resistor, wherein the sampling and holding module is provided with an input end, an energy output end and a 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end, one end of the piezoelectric transducer is connected with the first input end of the rectifier, the other end of the piezoelectric transducer is connected with the second input end of the rectifier, the positive output end of the rectifier is connected with the input end of the sampling and holding module, the energy output end of the sampling and holding module, the power end of the hysteresis window module and the input end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter are connected, the hysteresis window module is used for being connected with the energy output end and the 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end of the sample hold module, the hysteresis window module is used for respectively generating an upper threshold voltage and a lower threshold voltage by taking the output voltage of the 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end of the sample hold module as a reference voltage, when the output voltage of the energy output end of the sample hold module is higher than the upper threshold voltage, the hysteresis window module outputs a high level to the enabling end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter, the buck-boost DC/DC converter is conducted at the moment, when the output voltage of the energy output end of the sample hold module is lower than the lower threshold voltage, the hysteresis window module outputs a low level to the enabling end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter, at this time, the buck-boost DC/DC converter is turned off, the output end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter, the positive end of the first energy storage capacitor and one end of the load resistor are connected, and the negative output end of the rectifier, the ground end of the sample-hold module, the ground end of the hysteresis window module, the ground end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter, the negative end of the first energy storage capacitor and the other end of the load resistor are grounded.
The sampling and holding module comprises a first controllable switch, a second controllable switch, a first sampling capacitor, a second sampling capacitor and a pulse signal generator, wherein one end of the first controllable switch, one end of the second controllable switch and the positive output end of the rectifier are connected, the other end of the second controllable switch is used as the energy output end of the sampling and holding module, the control end of the first controllable switch, the control end of the second controllable switch and the output end of the pulse signal generator are connected, the other end of the first controllable switch is connected with the positive end of the first sampling capacitor, the negative end of the first sampling capacitor is connected with the positive end of the second sampling capacitor and used as the 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end of the sampling and holding module, and the negative end of the second sampling capacitor is connected with the grounding end of the pulse signal generator and is grounded. The detection of the 1/2 open-circuit voltage of the piezoelectric transducer by the sample-hold module is generated by adopting serial voltage division of two small capacitors, the sampling time is short, and the circuit loss is small.
The hysteresis window module comprises a window capacitor and a hysteresis comparator, wherein the positive end of the window capacitor, the power end of the hysteresis comparator, the positive input end of the hysteresis comparator and the energy output end of the sample and hold module are connected, the negative input end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end of the sample and hold module, the output end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the enabling end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter, and the negative end of the window capacitor is grounded in parallel with the grounding end of the hysteresis comparator. The hysteresis comparator adopts a structure of comparing the traditional hysteresis comparator in an integrated circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the hysteresis window control method is adopted, one hysteresis window module is used for realizing hysteresis control, the whole hysteresis window module can ensure that the output voltage of the piezoelectric transducer is stabilized near 1/2 open-circuit voltage, and the output power of the piezoelectric transducer is always near the maximum power point, so that the output power is maintained at a higher level, the whole circuit control principle is simple, the power consumption is low, and the tracking efficiency of the maximum power point is stable and kept at a higher level; the rear acquisition circuit is suitable for energy acquisition of other alternating current output energy collectors such as friction besides the energy output by the piezoelectric transducer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a sample-and-hold module according to an embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a hysteresis window module in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
A piezoelectric energy acquisition circuit based on a hysteresis control technology comprises a piezoelectric transducer PZT, a rectifier U1, a sample-and-hold module U2, a hysteresis window module U3, a buck-boost DC/DC converter U4 with the model of LTC3127, a first energy storage capacitor C1 and a load resistor RL, wherein the sample-and-hold module U2 is provided with an input end, an energy output end and a 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end, one end of the piezoelectric transducer is connected with the first input end of the rectifier U1, the other end of the piezoelectric transducer PZT is connected with the second input end of the rectifier U1, the positive output end of the rectifier U1 is connected with the input end of the sample-and-hold module U2, the energy output end of the sample-and-hold module U2, the power end of the hysteresis window module U3 and the input end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter U4 are connected, the hysteresis window module U3 is used for connecting the energy output end of the sample-hold module U2 and the 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end, the hysteresis window module U3 is used for respectively generating the buck voltage output end of the sample-hold module U2 and the buck voltage output end of the buck-hold module U4 as a reference voltage level, the buck window module U-boost voltage is switched to the buck voltage of the buck window module U4, the buck window module U4 is switched to the buck voltage threshold voltage, the buck window module U4 is switched to the buck voltage U4, when the buck window module U2 is switched to the buck voltage, the buck voltage U4, the buck window module is switched to the buck voltage is turned off, the buck voltage U4, the buck module is turned off, and the buck window module U4 is turned off, the output end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter U4, the positive end of the first energy storage capacitor C1 and one end of the load resistor RL are connected, and the negative output end of the rectifier U1, the grounding end of the sampling hold module U2, the grounding end of the hysteresis window module U3, the grounding end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter U4, the negative end of the first energy storage capacitor C1 and the other end of the load resistor RL are grounded;
the sampling and holding module U2 comprises a first controllable switch SW1, a second controllable switch SW2, a first sampling capacitor Cr1, a second sampling capacitor Cr2 and a pulse signal generator VP, wherein one end of the first controllable switch SW1, one end of the second controllable switch SW2 and the positive output end of the rectifier U1 are connected, the other end of the second controllable switch SW2 is used as the energy output end of the sampling and holding module U2, the control end of the first controllable switch SW1, the control end of the second controllable switch SW2 and the output end of the pulse signal generator VP are connected, the other end of the first controllable switch SW1 is connected with the positive end of the first sampling capacitor Cr1, the negative end of the first sampling capacitor Cr1 is connected with the positive end of the second sampling capacitor Cr2 and used as the 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end of the sampling and holding module U2, and the negative end of the second sampling capacitor Cr2 is grounded to the pulse signal generator VP;
the hysteresis window module U3 comprises a window capacitor C2 and a hysteresis comparator CMP, wherein the positive end of the window capacitor C2, the power end of the hysteresis comparator CMP, the positive input end of the hysteresis comparator CMP and the energy output end of the sample and hold module U2 are connected, the negative input end of the hysteresis comparator CMP is connected with the 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end of the sample and hold module U2, the output end of the hysteresis comparator CMP is connected with the enabling end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter U4, and the negative end of the window capacitor C2 is grounded in parallel with the grounding end of the hysteresis comparator CMP.
The working principle of the above embodiment is as follows:
in the whole working period, alternating current output by the piezoelectric transducer PZT is rectified by the rectifier U1 and then is changed into direct current to be transmitted to a subsequent circuit, in one sampling period, the pulse signal generator VP outputs high level firstly to enable the first controllable switch SW1 of the sampling and holding module U2 to be conducted, the second controllable switch SW2 of the sampling and holding module U2 is turned off, the rectifier U1 charges the first sampling capacitor Cr1 and the second sampling capacitor Cr2 of the sampling and holding module U2, namely the sampling and holding module U2 samples and stores the rectified open-circuit voltage, after a certain sampling time, the pulse signal generator VP outputs low level to enable the first controllable switch SW1 of the sampling and holding module U2 to be turned off, the second controllable switch SW2 of the sampling and holding module U2 is conducted, and outputs 1/2 open-circuit voltage to the negative input end of the hysteresis comparator CMP of the hysteresis window module U3 at the connection position of the negative end of the first sampling capacitor Cr1 and the positive end of the second sampling capacitor Cr2 of the sample hold module U2, the hysteresis comparator generates upper and lower threshold voltages based on the voltage, then the rectifier U1 charges the window capacitor C2 of the hysteresis window module U3, along with the rising of the voltage of the window capacitor C2, the positive input end voltage of the hysteresis comparator CMP also rises along with the rising until the positive input end voltage of the hysteresis comparator CMP rises to the upper threshold voltage taking 1/2 open-circuit voltage as the reference voltage, the output of the hysteresis comparator CMP jumps from the original low level to the high level, because the output end of the hysteresis comparator CMP is connected with the enabling end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter U4, the high level output by the hysteresis comparator CMP enables the buck-boost DC/DC converter U4, the buck-boost DC/DC converter U4 transfers the energy on the window capacitor C2 to the first energy storage capacitor C1 and the load resistor RL, along with the transfer of the energy, the voltage on the window capacitor C2 gradually drops until the positive input end voltage of the hysteresis comparator CMP drops to a lower threshold voltage with 1/2 open circuit voltage as a reference voltage, the hysteresis comparator output jumps from the original high level to the low level, the output low level enables the buck-boost DC/DC converter U4 to be turned off, the energy transfer is stopped, the rectifier U1 charges the window capacitor C2 again until the positive input end voltage of the hysteresis comparator CMP rises to an upper threshold voltage with 1/2 open circuit voltage as the reference voltage, and from this time, the system immediately performs the next sampling period until the whole working system stops working after the end of one sampling period.
Claims (3)
1. The piezoelectric energy acquisition circuit based on the hysteresis control technology is characterized by comprising a piezoelectric transducer, a rectifier, a sample-hold module, a hysteresis window module, a buck-boost DC/DC converter with the model of LTC3127, a first energy storage capacitor and a load resistor, wherein the sample-hold module is provided with an input end, an energy output end and a 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end, one end of the piezoelectric transducer is connected with the first input end of the rectifier, the other end of the piezoelectric transducer is connected with the second input end of the rectifier, the positive output end of the rectifier is connected with the input end of the sample-hold module, the energy output end of the sample-hold module, the power end of the hysteresis window module and the input end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter are connected, the hysteresis window module is used for being connected with the energy output end and the 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end of the sample hold module, the hysteresis window module is used for respectively generating an upper threshold voltage and a lower threshold voltage by taking the output voltage of the 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end of the sample hold module as a reference voltage, when the output voltage of the energy output end of the sample hold module is higher than the upper threshold voltage, the hysteresis window module outputs a high level to the enabling end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter, at the moment, the buck-boost DC/DC converter is conducted, when the output voltage of the energy output end of the sample hold module is lower than the lower threshold voltage, the hysteresis window module outputs low level to the enabling end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter, at this time, the buck-boost DC/DC converter is turned off, the output end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter, the positive end of the first energy storage capacitor and one end of the load resistor are connected, and the negative output end of the rectifier, the grounding end of the sample hold module, the grounding end of the hysteresis window module, the grounding end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter, the negative end of the first energy storage capacitor and the other end of the load resistor are grounded.
2. The piezoelectric energy collection circuit based on hysteresis control technology according to claim 1, wherein the sample-hold module comprises a first controllable switch, a second controllable switch, a first sampling capacitor, a second sampling capacitor and a pulse signal generator, one end of the first controllable switch, one end of the second controllable switch and a positive output end of the rectifier are connected, the other end of the second controllable switch is used as an energy output end of the sample-hold module, a control end of the first controllable switch, a control end of the second controllable switch and an output end of the pulse signal generator are connected, the other end of the first controllable switch is connected with a positive end of the first sampling capacitor, a negative end of the first sampling capacitor is connected with a positive end of the second sampling capacitor and is used as a 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end of the sample-hold module, and a negative end of the second sampling capacitor is connected with a ground end of the pulse signal generator and is connected with the ground.
3. The piezoelectric energy collection circuit based on the hysteresis control technology according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hysteresis window module comprises a window capacitor and a hysteresis comparator, the positive end of the window capacitor, the power end of the hysteresis comparator, the positive input end of the hysteresis comparator and the energy output end of the sample-hold module are connected, the negative input end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the 1/2 open-circuit voltage output end of the sample-hold module, the output end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the enabling end of the buck-boost DC/DC converter, and the negative end of the window capacitor is connected with the ground end of the hysteresis comparator in parallel.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203414545U (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2014-01-29 | 浙江工业大学 | Human-computer interaction multifunctional direct current electronic load device |
| CN112332705A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 中国计量大学 | MPPT-based piezoelectric type expandable energy acquisition interface circuit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US9882500B2 (en) * | 2014-12-07 | 2018-01-30 | Alpha & Omega Semiconductor (Cayman), Ltd. | Power supply device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203414545U (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2014-01-29 | 浙江工业大学 | Human-computer interaction multifunctional direct current electronic load device |
| CN112332705A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 中国计量大学 | MPPT-based piezoelectric type expandable energy acquisition interface circuit |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 电场能量采集器的最大输出功率追踪电路设计;李平;刘双建;文玉梅;鲍宜壮;蔡家欢;;仪器仪表学报(第02期);全文 * |
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