CN114386828A - Sea island landscape three-dimensional index construction method - Google Patents
Sea island landscape three-dimensional index construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for constructing a three-dimensional index of an island landscape. The method comprises the following steps: measuring three-dimensional information of the island surface, and acquiring point cloud data and remote sensing image data of the island surface; constructing a digital surface model of the island, and carrying out three-dimensional and two-dimensional landscape classification of the island; three island three-dimensional indexes, namely a basic landscape three-dimensional index, a sea island three-dimensional vegetation index and a sea island three-dimensional building influence index, are constructed, and judgment and verification are carried out by using the two-dimensional landscape index calculated by Fragstats. The method fully utilizes the three-dimensional information of the modern oblique camera shooting measurement point cloud data, constructs a three-dimensional landscape index and evaluation system aiming at the influence characteristics of island vegetation and construction activities, and makes up the defect that the current situation of the island landscape cannot be truly reflected due to the loss of the three-dimensional information in the traditional two-dimensional landscape index.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of landscape ecology, in particular to a method for constructing a three-dimensional index of an island landscape.
Background
In the landscape index system (as Fragstat) used in the academic world, many indexes of three levels of plaques, types and landscape are established on a two-dimensional scale, and many important ecological and human activity intensity information are highly related to features of the three-dimensional space (such as terrain and landform features, terrain features, overground biomass, artificial structure quantity and the like), while the information of a third dimension is lacked, and the study and evaluation of landscape integrity and connectivity of an ecological system only from a two-dimensional plane scale is undoubtedly incomplete.
However, at present, the research on landscape effect at home and abroad is mostly focused on the aspects of evolution and driving force mechanism thereof, and the coastal zone and coastal city are also mostly researched, but the research on ecological effect and ecological system service thereof brought by the evolution of the landscape pattern of the island-type city is insufficient. The island urban forest is used as an independent ecological system which is lack of ecological flow connection with the outside, is more sensitive to the urbanization process, and the provided ecological service function is more easily influenced by the landscape pattern effect. Therefore, the influence of the evolution of the sea-island landscape pattern on the ecological value of the urban forest is quantitatively analyzed and evaluated, the problems in the land utilization of the sea-island urban land can be fundamentally analyzed, and the method has guiding significance for formulating reasonable urban forest planning and environmental protection policies.
Particularly, in the ecological evaluation of islands, the evaluation indexes are constructed based on two-dimensional characteristics, and the defects are as follows:
however, the sea island is famous for the undulating terrain with the water circulation higher than the sea level, and the elevation information is lost by comparing the two-dimensional information with the three-dimensional information, so that the evaluation effect of the currently constructed ecological index of the sea island is greatly reduced in use.
Secondly, the landform of the island is complex and uneven, is closely influenced by human activities, and important ecology and human activity intensity information cannot be completely reflected only in a two-dimensional scale.
The existing urban three-dimensional landscape index cannot be completely suitable for landscape ecological evaluation in closed areas such as islands, and a three-dimensional ecological evaluation system aiming at the island areas is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional ecological evaluation system of a sea island aiming at the defect of constructing an evaluation index system of a two-dimensional landscape index, and the three-dimensional ecological evaluation system of the sea island can reflect the ecological system of the sea island more truly.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for constructing a three-dimensional index of an island landscape comprises the following steps:
a data acquisition step: measuring three-dimensional information of the island surface, and acquiring point cloud data and remote sensing image data of the island surface;
point cloud data processing: filtering point cloud data in a research area range, generating ground points, and classifying the point cloud data according to landscape types, wherein the landscape types comprise: buildings, low and equal height vegetation, medium and high height vegetation and roads; extracting elevation information and creating a three-dimensional landscape index;
remote sensing data processing: processing the remote sensing image data, carrying out radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction on the original data, and cutting data in a range required by a research area; classifying the remote sensing data according to landscape types, and creating a two-dimensional landscape index based on Fragstats analysis;
the two-dimensional landscape index includes: the basic two-dimensional landscape index comprises one or a combination of the following indexes: patch density, landscape shape index, tendril index, maximum plate index, shannon diversity index and shannon uniformity index;
the three-dimensional landscape index comprises: the basic landscape three-dimensional index comprises one or a combination of the following indexes: three-dimensional plaque density, three-dimensional landscape shape index, three-dimensional ductility index, three-dimensional maximum plate index and sea island diversity index;
and (3) three-dimensional index evaluation step: fitting the basic landscape three-dimensional index and the basic landscape two-dimensional index, and judging whether the trend displayed by the three-dimensional index judgment result is the same as the trend displayed by the two-dimensional index judgment result;
if yes, determining that the basic landscape three-dimensional index is qualified; if not, returning to the index creation stage, and if so, determining that the basic landscape three-dimensional index is qualified for evaluation; if not, returning to the index creating stage, searching for an index with obvious difference between the three-dimensional index calculation result and the two-dimensional index calculation result, and if the area information in the two-dimensional formula is replaced by the volume in the original three-dimensional index creating formula, trying to replace the area information in the two-dimensional formula again by the surface area, and calculating the three-dimensional index; and on the contrary, if the area information in the two-dimensional formula is replaced by the surface area in the original three-dimensional index creating formula, the area information in the two-dimensional formula is replaced by the volume again, the three-dimensional index is calculated and evaluated again, and the trend comparison is carried out again.
And analyzing the ecological environment of the island by adopting the island three-dimensional building index, the island three-dimensional vegetation index and the evaluated basic landscape three-dimensional index.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating the three-dimensional plaque density TPD includes:
wherein:
Nicounting the total number of patches in the i-type landscape types in the island and the number of patches by drawing point cloud contour lines, wherein the number of all closed contour lines is used as the total number of patches in the i-type landscape types;
Vithe total volume of the island landscape is as follows: based on a point cloud 2.5D volume algorithm, the method is obtained by calculating the integral curved surface of the ground and the island.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for calculating a three-dimensional landscape shape index includes:
wherein: e is the total length of all patch contours in the i-type landscape, AsurfaceIs the total surface area of the class i landscape, AvolumeIs the total volume of the i-type landscape.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating three-dimensional tendentiousness includes:
wherein:
Pithe method comprises the following steps of (1) representing the volume ratio of i-type patches and the ratio of the number of patches contained in i-type landscape types to the number of patches contained in all landscapes;
gikrepresenting the number of i-type blobs and k-type blobs adjacent, i and k representing two different types of landscape, and m representing the total number of types of blobs in the landscape.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating the three-dimensional maximum plaque index includes:
wherein: vmaxIs the largest plaque volume, V, of a certain plaque typewindowsIs a cube formed by the projected patch area.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating the sea-island diversity index comprises:
the sea-island landscape diversity index SIDI includes: a flavor intensity diversity index (SHDI), a shannon uniformity index number (SHEI), and a three-dimensional sprawl degree (TCI); the calculation method of each index is as follows:
SIDI＝αSHDI+βSHEI+γTCI；
wherein: piThe method comprises the following steps of (1) representing the volume ratio of i-type patches, and the ratio of the number of patches contained in i landscape type to the number of patches contained in all landscapes; gikRepresenting the number of adjacent i-type plaques and k-type plaques, wherein i and k represent two different landscape types, and m represents the total number of the plaque types in the landscape; α, β, γ are normalization coefficients used to represent the fraction of the index involved in the construction in the SIDI.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating the sea-island three-dimensional vegetation index comprises:
wherein: viVolume corresponding to type i vegetation, GiFor actually measuring the annual carbon fixation quantity H corresponding to the unit area of the planted i-type quiltiAverage height, α, of type i vegetationiFor describing the vegetation form factor, V is the ratio of the volume of a certain vegetation type to the cube volume formed by its projected areaislandIs the total volume above the sea island ground, wherein Vi/Hi*VislandPart being a spatial information part, Gi/αiIs a biological information part.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for calculating an influence index of a three-dimensional building on an island includes:
SBI＝λBCR+μMBSI+νPR；
wherein: BCR ═ Ssurface/V，MBSI＝Sarea/h，PR＝V/Visland，SsurfaceIs the total building surface area, V is the total building volume, SareaIs the floor area of the building, h is the average height of the building, VislandThe total volume of the sea island above the ground; BCR is the building compactness ratio and is used for expressing the measurement between the building surface area and the building volume; the MBSI is an average building structure index and is used for expressing the ratio of the building area to the building height; PR is the volume fraction; in the formula, lambda, mu and nu are normalization coefficients and are used for expressing the proportion of indexes participating in construction in the SBI.
The method and the system provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for constructing the island three-dimensional landscape index system is provided, the shape characteristics and the crushing degree of the patch type are improved, the land occupation condition of each island and the land category and the space transfer process are improved, and the method has strong practical significance.
(2) The sea island is explored by using a three-dimensional landscape index system, the utilization type of the sea island land, the relief of sea island buildings and vegetation are quantized clearly, and the research is carried out according to the type, so that the sea island landscape is clearer, and the ecological evolution process of the sea island landscape can be analyzed comprehensively.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the construction of a three-dimensional island index system provided by the invention;
FIG. 2a is a perspective view of a point cloud data of a Tabania;
FIG. 2b is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 2c is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 2d is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 3 is a classification diagram of land utilization in the Tabandao;
FIG. 4 is a digital surface model diagram of a Tanshima;
FIG. 5a is a true color point cloud image of a Tanshima building;
FIG. 5b is a diagram of a classification result of the point cloud of the buildings in the Tanshima;
FIG. 6a is a cross-sectional view of a horizontal image of a horizontal island;
fig. 6b is a view of horizontal image point cloud classification results of the horizontal island.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a method for constructing a three-dimensional index of a sea-island landscape, which is used for constructing a three-dimensional index system from the angles of sea-island vegetation and buildings and by assisting with basic three-dimensional landscape indexes. By utilizing the three-dimensional index system data, the ecological environment of the sea island can be comprehensively analyzed by analyzing the natural and human activity level.
In summary, the method for constructing the three-dimensional index of the sea-island landscape of the invention is realized as follows.
The method comprises the steps of completing rapid extraction of three-dimensional information of the sea island earth surface and construction of a high-precision digital surface model by adopting unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry, directly utilizing result images to measure attributes including height, length, area, angle, gradient and the like based on supporting software to obtain information of a ground object elevation, and completing construction of the sea island three-dimensional model and accurate extraction of the three-dimensional information of the ground object on the basis, so that three-dimensional landscape index construction analysis is performed.
Specifically, the method for constructing the three-dimensional index of the sea-island landscape is realized through the following steps.
A data acquisition step: and measuring three-dimensional information of the sea island surface, and acquiring point cloud data and remote sensing image data of the sea island surface.
Specifically, unmanned aerial vehicle LiDAR data is adopted for point cloud data, automatic classification and extraction of the point cloud data are achieved based on a Terrasolid software denoising batch processing flow and a Support Vector Machine (SVM), and on the basis, a Tscan module is used for manual intervention to obtain a final classification result. Selecting Landsat 830 m wave bands from the remote sensing data, classifying the ground features by an unsupervised classification method, applying the classification result to Fragstats, and calculating a two-dimensional landscape ecological index.
Point cloud data processing: firstly, filtering, generating ground points, and classifying point clouds according to landscape types, wherein the landscape types comprise: buildings, low and equal height vegetation, medium and high height vegetation and roads; and extracting elevation information and creating a three-dimensional landscape index.
Remote sensing data processing: carrying out radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction on the remote sensing original data, and cutting data in a range required by a research area; and classifying the remote sensing data according to landscape types, rasterizing the vector data, importing Fragstats analysis, and calculating a two-dimensional landscape index. The landscape type described herein corresponds to the landscape type in the point cloud data processing process.
The two-dimensional landscape index includes: the basic landscape two-dimensional index comprises one or a combination of the following indexes: patch density, landscape shape index, tendril index, maximum plate index, shannon uniformity index and shannon diversity index; the basic landscape two-dimensional index is used for analyzing and comparing with the basic landscape three-dimensional index so as to judge the rationality of the basic landscape three-dimensional index.
The three-dimensional landscape index comprises: the basic landscape three-dimensional index comprises one or a combination of the following indexes: three-dimensional plaque density, three-dimensional landscape shape index, three-dimensional ductility index, three-dimensional maximum plate index and sea island diversity index;
and (3) three-dimensional index evaluation step: fitting the basic landscape three-dimensional index and the basic landscape two-dimensional index, and judging whether the trend displayed by the three-dimensional index judgment result is the same as the trend displayed by the two-dimensional index judgment result;
if yes, determining that the basic landscape three-dimensional index is qualified; if not, returning to the index creation stage, and if so, determining that the basic landscape three-dimensional index is qualified for evaluation; if not, returning to the index creating stage, searching for an index with obvious difference between the three-dimensional index calculation result and the two-dimensional index calculation result, and if the area information in the two-dimensional formula is replaced by the volume in the original three-dimensional index creating formula, trying to replace the area information in the two-dimensional formula again by the surface area, and calculating the three-dimensional index; and on the contrary, if the area information in the two-dimensional formula is replaced by the surface area in the original three-dimensional index creating formula, the area information in the two-dimensional formula is replaced by the volume again, the three-dimensional index is calculated and evaluated again, and the trend comparison is carried out again.
The "index of significant difference" described above may be determined by a threshold, and if the index difference is greater than the threshold, it is determined that there is a significant difference, based on a comparison between the index difference and a set threshold.
And analyzing the ecological environment of the island by adopting the island three-dimensional building index, the island three-dimensional vegetation index and the evaluated basic landscape three-dimensional index.
The following describes a method for calculating each three-dimensional index of the volume of the present invention.
First, a calculation method of each parameter used in the calculation method will be described.
Number of spots: and (3) on the basis of the point cloud data after classification processing, drawing a point cloud contour line for a certain landscape type (one type of buildings, low-equal-height vegetation, medium-height vegetation and high-height vegetation), and determining the number of the landscape type by combining visual interpretation. Volume: calculated based on the Cloud Compare software 2.5D volume algorithm. Surface area: calculated based on the Cloud Compare software 2.5D volume algorithm. Abundance Pi-the ratio of the number of patches contained in a certain landscape type to the number of patches contained in all landscapes. The normalization coefficients alpha, beta and gamma are dynamically changed, are not fixed values, change along with the change of sample data, and are obtained by a mathematical theory normalization coefficient calculation method. Height H: height (elevation) of a certain landscape type is viewed based on the Terrasolid software Tscan altitude module
The Three-dimensional plaque Density TPD (Three-dimensional Patch Density) is constructed based on plaque Density, namely, the number of plaques on a unit volume of a certain landscape type is described, and the Three-dimensional plaque Density TPD is an important basic index for describing landscape fragmentation. In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating the three-dimensional plaque density TPD includes:
wherein:
Nithe total number of plaques in the i-type landscape in the island.
ViThe total volume of the island landscape is as follows: based on a point cloud 2.5D volume algorithm, the method is obtained by calculating the integral curved surface of the ground and the island.
The Three-dimensional Landscape Index TLSI (Three-dimensional landscapee Shape Index) is constructed based on the Landscape Shape Index, is a Shape Index for describing plaques in the Landscape pattern, and measures the Shape complexity by calculating the deviation degree of a certain plaque volume in the positive cubic area from the unit positive cubic volume. In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for calculating a three-dimensional landscape shape index includes:
wherein: e is the total length of all patch contours in the i-type landscape, AsurfaceIs the total surface area of the class i landscape, AvolumeIs the total volume of the i-type landscape.
The Three-dimensional spreading factor TCI (Three-dimensional content Index) describes the agglomeration degree or the extension advantage of different patch types in the island landscape, is an important Index for describing the landscape ecological pattern, and the high spreading factor value indicates that a certain feature patch type in the landscape forms good connectivity; otherwise, the landscape is a dense pattern with various elements. In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating three-dimensional tendentiousness includes:
wherein:
Pito be abundance, gikRepresenting the number of i-type blobs and k-type blobs adjacent, i and k representing two different types of landscape, and m representing the total number of types of blobs in the landscape.
The Three-dimensional maximum plaque Index TLPI (Three-dimensional target Patch Index) is constructed on the basis of the two-dimensional maximum plaque Index, is beneficial to determining the dominant type of the landscape, the size of the dominant type determines the richness or the land-to-object ratio condition of the landscape, reflects the direction and the strength of human activities, and is represented by calculating the ratio of the maximum plaque volume in a certain type to the total volume of the landscape in the whole island. In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating the three-dimensional maximum plaque index includes:
wherein: vmaxIs the largest plaque volume, V, of a certain plaque typewindowsIs a cube formed by the projected patch area.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating the sea-island diversity index comprises:
the sea-island landscape diversity index SIDI includes: a flavor intensity diversity index (SHDI), a shannon uniformity index number (SHEI), and a three-dimensional sprawl degree (TCI); the calculation method of each index is as follows:
SIDI＝αSHDI+βSHEI+γTCI；
wherein: piIs abundance; gikRepresenting the number of adjacent i-type plaques and k-type plaques, wherein i and k represent two different landscape types, and m represents the total number of the plaque types in the landscape; α, β, γ are normalization coefficients used to represent the fraction of the index involved in the construction in the SIDI.
The sea-island Vegetation index SVI (island Vegetation index), which is a relatively independent ecosystem, is isolated in the sea and lacks a corridor for exchanging materials and energy with the continents. The sea island gradually evolves into a habitat with certain vegetation communities through the stages of herbaceous plant and fern invasion, herbaceous plant colonization, shrub and arbor colonization and the like. Due to the small area of the sea island, limited biodiversity and poor stability of the ecosystem, the sea island is easily interfered by natural disasters and human activities. The island of the crossisland is mainly flat, the vegetation on the island is luxuriant, the interference degree of residents on the two sides of the island is different, and the influence index of the island vegetation is constructed by combining the carbon fixation capacity of plants for detecting the influence of the vegetation density on the ecological environment of the island. In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating the sea-island three-dimensional vegetation index comprises:
wherein: viVolume corresponding to type i vegetation, GiFor actually measuring the annual carbon fixation quantity H corresponding to the unit area of the planted i-type quiltiAverage height, α, of type i vegetationiFor describing the vegetation form factor, V is the ratio of the volume of a certain vegetation type to the cube volume formed by its projected areaislandIs the total volume above the sea island ground, wherein Vi/Hi*VislandPart being a spatial information part, Gi/αiIs a biological information part.
The evaluation formula of the carbon fixing and oxygen releasing functions of the forest ecological system is mainly obtained according to the evaluation standards of forest ecological system service functions. In the embodiment of the invention, aiming at the main forest resource type of the horizontal island, the standing condition and the current growth situation of the standard forest land are investigated in 2021 month 6, and the main dominant tree species of the horizontal island are determined. After the indexes of the unit to be calculated are determined, the ArcGIS software is applied to perform attribute fusion on the same ecological unit, and accordingly space and data analysis is performed. The larger the SVI is, the higher the carbon sequestration capacity of the planted plants in the island is, the larger the specific gravity of the vegetation landscape in the whole island is, and on the contrary, the smaller the SVI is, the more severely the planted plants in the island are influenced by human activities, and the smaller the specific gravity of the vegetation landscape in the whole island is.
The sea island building influence index SBI (island building impact index) is used for analyzing the influence of human building activities on the ecology of the sea island.
The traditional two-dimensional landscape index mainly carries out index analysis on the landscape from 6 aspects of edge density, main extensibility, main shape index, adjacent index measurement, main contrast index and connectivity, the two-dimensional landscape index focuses more on the extensibility of a plane, the building discreteness is improved while the three-dimensional index is constructed to increase the floor height data, and the research on the plaque discreteness is deepened.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for calculating an influence index of a three-dimensional building on an island includes:
SBI＝λBCR+μMBSI+νPR；
wherein: BCR ═ Ssurface/V，MBSI＝Sarea/h，PR＝V/Visland，SsurfaceIs the total building surface area, V is the total building volume, SareaIs the floor area of the building, h is the average height of the building, VislandThe total volume of the sea island above the ground;
wherein: BCR is the building compactness ratio and is used for expressing the measurement between the building surface area and the building volume; the MBSI is an average building structure index and is used for expressing the ratio of the building area to the building height; PR is the counted volume rate; in the formula, lambda, mu and nu are normalization coefficients and are used for expressing the proportion of indexes participating in construction in the SBI.
Specifically, in the embodiment, the transudinal island is a residential island, three villages of east, middle and west are formed in the island, the difference between the residential island and the non-residential island is researched mainly by using a medium-low-rise building, and a building influence coefficient is constructed according to the proportion of the building on the island, so that the influence of human building activities is analyzed. The larger the SBI is, the more closely the island is affected by human activities, the specific gravity of buildings in the island is increased, and the smaller the SBI is, the smaller the island is affected by human beings, and most of the islands are natural landscapes.
And (5) experimental verification.
The research area selects a transverse island located in the east China sea area of the ink, namely the Qingdao city, the central position of the transverse island is 36 degrees 25 '08 percent in northern latitude, 120 degrees 57' 32 percent in east longitude, the total area is 1.46 square kilometers, the length of a coast line is 8 kilometers, and the transverse island is 68 kilometers away from a Qingdao wharf. The transverse island is an island with residents, 1200 people live in the island normally, mainly in the breeding, fishing and tourism industries, various types of landmark buildings such as the sea temple are built in the island, the south-north slope style on the island is different, and the island is typical in the island research field.
The method for constructing the three-dimensional index provided by the invention constructs the study on the change of the island landscape pattern from two dimensions to three dimensions by using multi-source data and a calculation method, is a transitional type study method on the change of the island landscape pattern, and establishes a main framework on a mature two-dimensional data system. On the traditional two-dimensional level, the patch density is used as an important index for landscape fragmentation, and the forest land is used as a land class with more serious discretization and has stronger discreteness on a three-dimensional angle; landscape shape indices fail to reflect all the features of a certain landscape type on a two-dimensional level using only two-dimensional information, so buildings that combine volumetric information in a three-dimensional degree are better dense.
By adopting the method provided by the invention, the correlation indexes of the horizontal island are obtained by calculation as follows.
TABLE 1 landscape three-dimensional ecological index
From the calculation results of the above indices, it can be seen that: from landscape category analysis: higher vegetation and lower vegetation TPD are larger, which means that vegetation mainly comprising black pine and grassland has the highest degree of fragmentation in spatial distribution; building TLSI is lowest, meaning that its fluctuations in space are not much varied; the vegetation TLPI with lower height is larger, which shows that the vegetation TLPI occupies smaller horizontal space and is more obvious in richness. The island diversity index SIDI is 76%, and the result reflects that the richness of the interior view of the island is high, and the distribution of each plate among different view types is uniform, and the richness is higher if the value is larger. The SBI is 44 percent, which indicates that buildings in the island are mostly short and regular buildings and the proportion of building space in the whole island is not high, thereby meeting the practical situation in the island, and the larger the SBI is, the more complex the building structure and the higher the space ratio are, and simultaneously reflecting the higher the influence degree of human activities on the ecological environment of the island. SVI represents the production capacity of all plants represented by dominant species within the island, all vegetation types account for approximately 75% of the volumetric proportion of the whole island, SVI index is 28.6% surface in-island plant productivity is weak and plants are highly affected by human activity.
The statistical comparison of the relevant data of each year can analyze the annual change of each three-dimensional index of the island and assist in analyzing the influence of human activities on the island.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for constructing a three-dimensional index of a sea-island landscape is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a data acquisition step: measuring three-dimensional information of the island surface, and acquiring point cloud data and remote sensing image data of the island surface;
point cloud data processing: filtering point cloud data in a research area range, generating ground points, and classifying the point cloud data according to landscape types, wherein the landscape types comprise: buildings, low and equal height vegetation, medium and high height vegetation and roads; extracting elevation information and creating a three-dimensional landscape index;
remote sensing data processing: processing the remote sensing image data, carrying out radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction on the original data, and cutting data in a range required by a research area; classifying the remote sensing data according to landscape types, and calculating a two-dimensional landscape index based on Fragstats analysis;
the two-dimensional landscape index includes: a base landscape two-dimensional index comprising one or a combination of the following indices: patch density, landscape shape index, tendril index, maximum plate index, shannon diversity index and shannon uniformity index;
the three-dimensional landscape index comprises: the basic landscape three-dimensional index comprises one or a combination of the following indexes: three-dimensional plaque density, three-dimensional landscape shape index, three-dimensional ductility index, three-dimensional maximum plate index and sea island diversity index;
and (3) three-dimensional index evaluation step: fitting the basic landscape three-dimensional index and the basic landscape two-dimensional index, and judging whether the trend displayed by the three-dimensional index judgment result is the same as the trend displayed by the two-dimensional index judgment result;
if yes, determining that the basic landscape three-dimensional index is qualified; if not, returning to the index creating stage, searching for an index with obvious difference between the three-dimensional index calculation result and the two-dimensional index calculation result, and if the area information in the two-dimensional formula is replaced by the volume in the original three-dimensional index creating formula, trying to replace the area information in the two-dimensional formula again by the surface area, and calculating the three-dimensional index; on the contrary, if the area information in the two-dimensional formula is replaced by the surface area in the original three-dimensional index creating formula, the area information in the two-dimensional formula is replaced by the volume again, and the three-dimensional index calculation and evaluation are carried out again;
and analyzing the ecological environment of the island by adopting the island three-dimensional building index, the island three-dimensional vegetation index and the evaluated basic landscape three-dimensional index.
2. The method for constructing the three-dimensional index of the sea-island landscape according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the three-dimensional plaque density TPD comprises:
wherein:
Nicounting the total number of patches in the i-type landscape types in the island and the number of patches by drawing point cloud contour lines, wherein the number of all closed contour lines is used as the total number of patches in the i-type landscape types;
Vithe total volume of the island landscape is as follows: based on a point cloud 2.5D volume algorithm, the method is obtained by calculating the integral curved surface of the ground and the island.
3. The method for constructing a three-dimensional index of an island landscape according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the three-dimensional landscape shape index comprises:
wherein: e is the total length of all patch contours in the i-type landscape, AsurfaceIs the total surface area of the class i landscape, AvolumeIs the total volume of the i-type landscape.
4. The method for constructing a three-dimensional index of an island landscape according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the three-dimensional vine spread comprises:
wherein:
Pirepresenting the volume ratio of the i-type patches, and obtaining the volume ratio of the total volume of the i-type landscape to the total volume of the island landscape;
gikrepresenting the number of i-type blobs and k-type blobs adjacent, i and k representing two different types of landscape, and m representing the total number of types of blobs in the landscape.
5. The method for constructing a three-dimensional index of an island landscape according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the three-dimensional maximum plaque index comprises:
wherein: vmaxIs the largest plaque body in a certain plaque typeProduct of qi and bloodwindowsIs a cube formed by the projected patch area.
6. The method for constructing a three-dimensional index of a sea-island landscape according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the sea-island diversity index comprises:
the sea-island landscape diversity index SIDI includes: a flavor intensity diversity index (SHDI), a shannon uniformity index number (SHEI), and a three-dimensional sprawl degree (TCI); the calculation method of each index is as follows:
SIDI＝αSHDI+βSHEI+γTCI；
wherein: piThe method comprises the following steps of (1) representing the volume ratio of i-type patches and the ratio of the number of patches contained in i-type landscape types to the number of patches contained in all landscapes; gikRepresenting the number of adjacent i-type plaques and k-type plaques, wherein i and k represent two different landscape types, and m represents the total number of the plaque types in the landscape; α, β, γ are normalization coefficients used to represent the fraction of the index involved in the construction in the SIDI.
7. The method for constructing a three-dimensional index of sea-island landscape according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the index of sea-island landscape comprises:
wherein: viVolume corresponding to type i vegetation, GiFor actually measuring the annual carbon fixation quantity H corresponding to the unit area of the planted i-type quiltiAverage height, α, of type i vegetationiFor describing the vegetation form factor, V is the ratio of the volume of a certain vegetation type to the cube volume formed by its projected areaislandIs the total volume above the sea island ground, wherein Vi/Hi*islandPart being a spatial information part, Gi/αiIs a biological information part.
8. The method for constructing a sea-island landscape three-dimensional index as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the sea-island landscape three-dimensional building influence index comprises:
SBI＝λBCR+μMBSI+νPR；
wherein: BCR ═ Ssurface/V，MBSI＝Sarea/h，PR＝V/Visland，SsurfaceIs the total building surface area, V is the total building volume, SareaIs the floor area of the building, h is the average height of the building, VislandThe total volume of the sea island above the ground;
BCR is the building compactness ratio and is used for expressing the measurement between the building surface area and the building volume; the MBSI is an average building structure index and is used for expressing the ratio of the building area to the building height; PR is the volume fraction;
in the formula, lambda, mu and nu are normalization coefficients and are used for expressing the proportion of indexes participating in construction in the SBI.
9. The method for constructing the island landscape three-dimensional index as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of processing the remote sensing data, the two-dimensional landscape index is calculated after the classified remote sensing data is rasterized.
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