CN114386670A - Litchi fruit borer prediction and prediction method based on ovarian development progress - Google Patents
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- 230000032669 eclosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 230000031877 prophase Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000002468 fat body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003101 oviduct Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010003694 Atrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001149932 Archaeognatha Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000583226 Conopomorpha sinensis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000183278 Nephelium litchi Species 0.000 description 42
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 240000001008 Dimocarpus longan Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000000235 Euphoria longan Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 241000502280 Clitocybe Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000540188 Cryptophlebia ombrodelta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000019617 pupation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001232809 Chorista Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000353522 Earias insulana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015742 Nephelium litchi Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a litchi fruit borer prediction method based on ovarian development progress. The development of the ovary is set to 4 grades according to the deposition condition of the ovary yolk and the length of an ovarian tube, wherein the grades comprise a yolk deposition prophase I, a yolk deposition phase II, a laying prime III and a laying terminal IV; counting the percentage of the female worms in the development level of each ovary in the total female worms in sequence, accumulating the percentage of the ovaries in each level in sequence according to the sequence from the ovaries in the IV level to the ovaries in the I level, and stopping accumulating when the accumulated value reaches 50%; peak emergence period of next generation adults: according to the development level of the ovary of the adult, the egg laying peak period of the adult and the eclosion peak period of the next adult can be calculated. The method makes up the technical vacancy that no adult is used for prediction and forecast, provides an effective means for the development of prediction and forecast of the litchi fruit borer adult, and enriches the technical system of prediction and forecast of the litchi fruit borer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pest prediction and forecast, and particularly relates to a litchi fruit borer prediction and forecast method based on ovarian development progress.
Background
The litchi fruit borers are the most important pests of the litchi and the longan, can bore into the shoots, the flower ears and the fruits which are harmful to hosts, particularly prefer to be harmful to the fruits, the fruit rate of the common litchi and the longan in the year is 10-20 percent, and the fruit rate can reach 60-90 percent in serious years, so that the litchi and longan industries suffer great loss. Because the litchi fruit borer larva has strong hidden property of eating damage and is difficult to control, the timely control of the litchi fruit borer in the eclosion peak period of the adult is the key for controlling the litchi fruit borer, and the accurate prediction of the peak of the adult occurrence period is the premise of ensuring the control effect.
At present, most of prediction and forecast methods of litchi fruit borers focus on the utilization of pupae and larvae for prediction and forecast, and comprise a pupae grading prediction method, a pupae eclosion progress prediction method for checking pupae day by day and a larva age grading prediction method. The pupa emergence progress prediction method is generally released and forecasted 3-5 d in advance, and the pupa grading prediction method and the larva age grading prediction method can be generally sent about 10d in advance. However, the prediction time span of the daily pupa emergence progress checking prediction method is too short, and the prediction result is calculated and is usually only the control preparation time of 2-3 days; the pupa grading prediction method is characterized in that because the pupation place of the field larvae is not fixed, the pupation place is difficult to collect enough number of pupae for statistical analysis; according to the larval instar grading prediction method, when the population quantity in the field is not high, a large number of dropped fruits need to be collected, and the dropped fruits are dissected one by one to collect enough larvas for statistical analysis, so that the working strength is very high. Therefore, the current main prediction methods of the litchi fruit borers have respective defects and disadvantages, and the actual requirements of accurate prevention and control of the litchi fruit borers cannot be completely met without a technology for detecting and reporting the adult insect state.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high sample collection difficulty, short prediction time span, high working strength, no adult prediction technology and the like in the prediction and prediction technology, and provides a litchi fruit moth prediction method based on the development progress of an adult ovary.
The invention discloses a litchi fruit borer prediction and prediction method based on ovarian development progress, which comprises the following steps:
A. grading the development progress of the ovary: the development of the ovary is set to 4 grades according to the deposition condition of the ovary yolk and the length of an ovarian tube, wherein the grades comprise a yolk deposition prophase I, a yolk deposition phase II, a laying prime III and a laying terminal IV; wherein, the I-grade ovary is characterized in that the average length of the ovarian tube is 2.75mm, a small amount of yolk begins to deposit at the position close to the total oviduct, but mature egg granules do not exist, and the number of fat bodies around the ovary is very large; the II-grade ovary is characterized in that the average length of an ovarian tube is 3.51mm, a large amount of yolk begins to deposit near a total oviduct, mature egg granules exist, and the number of fat bodies around the ovary is very large; the grade III ovary is characterized in that the average length of the ovarian tube is 3.74mm, most of the eggs are mature, in the shape of a moniliform and closely arranged, and the quantity of fat bodies around the ovary is small; grade IV ovaries are characterized by an average length of the ovaries of 1.53mm, significant atrophy, with almost no fat bodies around the ovaries;
B. ovarian development primary grade: collecting litchi orchard litchi fruit borer adults, dissecting female worm ovaries, recording the ovarian development levels of individuals, counting the percentage of the female worms in the ovarian development levels to the total female worms in sequence, accumulating the percentage of all levels of ovaries in sequence according to the sequence from IV-level ovaries to I-level ovaries, stopping accumulation when the accumulated value reaches 50%, determining the lowest ovarian development level in the ovarian development levels involved in accumulation as the main ovarian development level for calculating the next generation adult peak period;
C. peak emergence period of next generation adults: the generation can be calculated according to the ovary development level of adultsThe formula of the adult egg-laying peak period is as follows:
when the ovary development primary level is not higher than the grade III ovary, adding, and when the ovary development primary level is the grade IV ovary, subtracting; the calculation formula of the emergence peak period of the next generation of imagoes is as follows: the eclosion peak period of the next generation of imagoes is the sum of the egg laying peak period and the development period from the egg period to the pupa period; the method for calculating the predicted values of the number of days required for the development history of each level of ovary and the development history of each insect state comprises the steps of determining the average temperature within 7 days in the future according to weather forecast, determining the development history of each level of ovary at the temperature, and determining the development histories of eggs, larvae, prepupa and pupae.
Preferably, gradient temperature is preset, the development histories of all levels of ovaries and all insect states at different temperatures are counted through experiments, then the temperature with the minimum difference with the average temperature is selected, and the development histories of all levels of ovaries at the temperature and the development histories of ova, larvae, prepupa and pupae are calculated.
Preferably, the preset gradient temperature is set to be 5 temperatures of 20 ℃, 23 ℃, 26 ℃, 29 ℃ and 32 ℃.
Preferably, in the process of calculating the eclosion peak period of the next generation of adults, the detailed values of the development period of each stage of ovary at different temperatures are as follows: at 20 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 4.34 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 4.74 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 5.61 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 8.05 days; at 23 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 3.36 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 3.67 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 4.30 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 6.22 days; at 26 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 2.52 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 2.75 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 3.25 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 4.67 days; at 29 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 2.14 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 2.33 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 2.76 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 3.97 days; at 32 ℃, the grade I ovarian developmental cycle was 1.96 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle was 2.14 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle was 2.54 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle was 3.63 days. The development history of eggs, larvae, prepupa and pupae is referred to "age of larvae of Chorista littoralis and development history of each development stage at different temperatures" (Dongyi et al, proceedings of insects, Vol.58.No.10, p1108-1115, 2015).
Preferably, the collecting of the litchi orchard litchi fruit borer imagoes is collecting of the litchi orchard litchi fruit borer imagoes through a 5-point sampling method.
Preferably, the dissected female ovary is dissected under a body microscope.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the adult litchi pedicle borers inhabit under the litchi trunk in the daytime, the borers are inactive, the sample collection is simple, and the collection difficulty of the sample required by prediction is greatly reduced.
(2) The method can predict the peak period of the next generation of imagoes from the current generation of imagoes, obviously improves the span of prediction time compared with a pupa grading prediction method, a daily pupa eclosion progress prediction method and a larva age grading prediction method, and can provide sufficient preparation time for timely prevention and control of the next generation of imagoes.
(3) The method makes up the technical vacancy that no adult is used for prediction and forecast, provides an effective means for the development of prediction and forecast of the litchi fruit borer adult, and enriches the technical system of prediction and forecast of the litchi fruit borer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a morphogram of the litchi fruit borer grade I-IV ovary, wherein grade A, I ovary; B. grade II ovaries; C. grade III ovaries; D. grade IV ovaries.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1: grading development progress of ovaries of adult litchi fruit borers and development duration of each grade of ovaries at different temperatures
The grade of the development progress of the ovary of the litchi fruit borer adult, and the development time required by each grade at different temperatures are the most important basic data of the prediction method of the development progress of the ovary.
Experimental insect sources: the fallen litchi fruits are collected back to a laboratory, and a layer of corrugated paper is covered on the fallen litchi fruits for collecting pupated litchi stem borers which climb out of the fallen litchi fruits. After pupae eclosion, the adult clitocybe on the same day is bred in a large insect cage with the side length, width and height of 3m multiplied by 2m multiplied by 1.6m, the male-female ratio of the clitocybe bred in the insect cage is 1:1, the total number of experimental insects is about 1000, honey water with the mass fraction of 10% is used for supplementing nutrition, the insect cage replaces fresh litchi fruits for spawning every day, the temperature is set to be 20 ℃, 23 ℃, 26 ℃, 29 ℃ and 32 ℃ for 5 times, and one insect cage is placed at each temperature. Relative humidity of 75% +/-10% and photoperiod of 14L: 10D.
Ovary dissection: and (3) randomly taking 20 female adults emerged on the same day at a ratio of 8:30 every day, and dissecting under a body type microscope, wherein the dissecting work is started from the first day of the emergence of the litchi fruit borers until all the bodies of the adults die. Observing the development and deposition of the ovary and yolk, measuring the length of the ovarian tube, and recording the time required by the development of each stage of ovary at different temperatures.
Grading the development progress of the ovary: ovary development was rated at 4 levels, pre-vitellosis (level I), vitellosis (level II), prolific vitellinity (level III) and terminal oviposition (level IV), based on ovarian vitellosis and ovarian canal length. Wherein, the I-grade ovary is characterized in that the average length of the ovarian tube is 2.75mm, a small amount of yolk begins to deposit at the position close to the total oviduct, but mature egg granules do not exist, and the number of fat bodies around the ovary is very large; the II-grade ovary is characterized in that the average length of an ovarian tube is 3.51mm, a large amount of yolk begins to deposit near a total oviduct, mature egg granules exist, and the number of fat bodies around the ovary is very large; the grade III ovary is characterized in that the average length of the ovarian tube is 3.74mm, most of the eggs are mature, in the shape of a moniliform and closely arranged, and the quantity of fat bodies around the ovary is small; grade IV ovaries are characterized by an average length of the ovaries of 1.53mm, significant atrophy, and little fat body surrounding the ovaries.
The results of ovarian development progress at different temperatures were: at 20 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 4.34 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 4.74 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 5.61 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 8.05 days; at 23 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 3.36 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 3.67 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 4.30 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 6.22 days; at 26 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 2.52 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 2.75 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 3.25 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 4.67 days; at 29 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 2.14 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 2.33 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 2.76 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 3.97 days; at 32 ℃, grade I ovarian developmental history was 1.96 days, grade II ovarian developmental history was 2.14 days, grade III ovarian developmental history was 2.54 days, and grade IV ovarian developmental history was 3.63 days (table 1).
Table 1: development period (Tian) of various ovaries and insect states of litchi fruit borer at different temperatures
Note: reference to development history of eggs, larvae, prepupa and pupae, "age of larvae of litchi fruit borer and development history of various stages at different temperatures" (Dongyi et al, 2015)
Example 2: the litchi fruit borer prediction and prediction technology operation based on the ovarian development progress comprises the following specific operation steps:
in the middle stage of fruit drop of litchi, collecting adult litchi pedicle borer samples by a 5-point sampling method in a litchi garden of a lake town cloudband base in Guangzhou cloudband area clock, wherein the total number of collected female worms is not less than 50. And (4) taking the female insect sample back to the laboratory, dissecting the ovary of each female insect under a body type microscope, and counting the proportion of each level of ovary to the total number of the female insects. And then, sequentially accumulating the percentage of the ovaries at all levels according to the sequence from the IV ovaries to the I-level ovaries, stopping accumulating when the accumulated value reaches 50%, determining the lowest ovarian development level in the ovarian levels involved in accumulation as the main ovarian development level, and calculating the egg laying peak period of the current generation of adults and the eclosion peak period of the next generation of adults according to the following formula.
the eclosion peak period of the next generation of imago is egg laying peak period + egg period + larva period + prepupa period + pupa period
During calculation, according to weather forecast, the average temperature of 7 days in the future is determined, and the ovary grade and the development duration numerical value of each insect state corresponding to the temperature with the minimum difference with the average temperature are selected and substituted into a formula for calculation.
The ovarian development level statistics of the collected samples are shown in table 2. The proportion value from the IV-grade ovary to the I-grade ovary is accumulated, and when the proportion value is accumulated to the II-grade ovary, the accumulation value reaches 55.93 percent, so that the II-grade ovary is positioned to the main grade of the development of the ovary. According to weather forecast, the average temperature of about 7 days after 24 days of 4 months is close to 26 ℃, and according to a formula and a table 1, the spawning peak period and the next generation adult eclosion peak period are calculated. The sum of the ovarian development grade from the grade III ovarian development period is 2.75 days +3.24 days-5.99 days,
namely, the spawning peak period is 3 days after the investigation date; the eclosion peak period of the next generation adult is 4 months and 27 days +3.71 days +9.85 days +1.16 days +6.72 days is 5 months and 12 days. The method completes investigation in 24 days in 4 months, and has a suitable period of about 18 days from the predicted control of the next generation of imagoes.
And (3) verification of a prediction result: and 5, 12 days in the 5 th month, collecting 135 female imagoes of the litchi chinensis borer in a litchi garden of a Mitsuma Zhenyun base in Guangzhou white cloud region, carrying the imagoes back to a laboratory for ovary dissection, and finding that 101 female imagoes in the litchi garden are in a grade 1 development stage, which shows that nearly 75% of the imagoes in a sample eclosion is in a near 2 day period, and shows that the eclosion peak period predicted by the method is identical to the actual eclosion peak period.
The method is far beyond the prediction time of 3-5 days of a daily pupa eclosion progress prediction method, and the prediction time of about 10 days of a pupa grading prediction method and a larva age grading prediction method, and can provide important technical support for accurate and timely prevention and control of litchi fruit borers.
Table 2: litchi fruit moth ovary development grade recording sheet (investigation date: 4 month and 24 days)
Claims (7)
1. A litchi fruit borer prediction and prediction method based on ovarian development progress is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. grading the development progress of the ovary: the development of the ovary is set to 4 grades according to the deposition condition of the ovary yolk and the length of an ovarian tube, wherein the grades comprise a yolk deposition prophase I, a yolk deposition phase II, a laying prime III and a laying terminal IV; wherein, the I-grade ovary is characterized in that the average length of the ovarian tube is 2.75mm, a small amount of yolk begins to deposit at the position close to the total oviduct, but mature egg granules do not exist, and the number of fat bodies around the ovary is very large; the II-grade ovary is characterized in that the average length of an ovarian tube is 3.51mm, a large amount of yolk begins to deposit near a total oviduct, mature egg granules exist, and the number of fat bodies around the ovary is very large; the grade III ovary is characterized in that the average length of the ovarian tube is 3.74mm, most of the eggs are mature, in the shape of a moniliform and closely arranged, and the quantity of fat bodies around the ovary is small; grade IV ovaries are characterized by an average length of the ovaries of 1.53mm, significant atrophy, with almost no fat bodies around the ovaries;
B. ovarian development primary grade: collecting litchi orchard litchi fruit borer adults, dissecting female worm ovaries, recording the ovarian development levels of individuals, counting the percentage of the female worms in the ovarian development levels to the total female worms in sequence, accumulating the percentage of all levels of ovaries in sequence according to the sequence from IV-level ovaries to I-level ovaries, stopping accumulation when the accumulated value reaches 50%, determining the lowest ovarian development level in the ovarian development levels involved in accumulation as the main ovarian development level for calculating the next generation adult peak period;
C. peak emergence period of next generation adults: the egg laying peak period of the adult can be calculated according to the ovary development level of the adultThe formula is as follows:
when the ovary development primary level is not higher than the grade III ovary, adding, and when the ovary development primary level is the grade IV ovary, subtracting; the calculation formula of the emergence peak period of the next generation of imagoes is as follows: the eclosion peak period of the next generation of imagoes is the sum of the egg laying peak period and the development period from the egg period to the pupa period; the method for calculating the predicted values of the number of days required for the development history of each level of ovary and the development history of each insect state comprises the steps of determining the average temperature within 7 days in the future according to weather forecast, determining the development history of each level of ovary at the temperature, and determining the development histories of eggs, larvae, prepupa and pupae.
2. The method for predicting litchi fruit borer according to claim 1, wherein a gradient temperature is preset, the development history of each stage of ovary and each worm state at different temperatures is counted through experiments, then a temperature with the minimum difference from the average temperature is selected, and the development history of each stage of ovary at the temperature and the development histories of egg, larva, prepupa and pupa are calculated.
3. The method for predicting litchi fruit borer according to claim 2, wherein the preset gradient temperature is 5 temperatures of 20 ℃, 23 ℃, 26 ℃, 29 ℃ and 32 ℃.
4. The method for predicting and forecasting conopomorpha sinensis bristletail based on ovarian development progress according to claim 1, wherein in the calculation process of the emergence peak period of the next generation of adults, the detailed values of the development period of each level of ovary at different temperatures are as follows: at 20 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 4.34 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 4.74 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 5.61 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 8.05 days; at 23 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 3.36 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 3.67 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 4.30 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 6.22 days; at 26 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 2.52 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 2.75 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 3.25 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 4.67 days; at 29 ℃, the grade I ovary developmental cycle is 2.14 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle is 2.33 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle is 2.76 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle is 3.97 days; at 32 ℃, the grade I ovarian developmental cycle was 1.96 days, the grade II ovarian developmental cycle was 2.14 days, the grade III ovarian developmental cycle was 2.54 days, and the grade IV ovarian developmental cycle was 3.63 days.
5. The method for predicting litchi fruit borer according to claim 1, wherein the development histories of eggs, larvae, prepupa and pupae are as follows:
6. the method for predicting litchi fruit borer according to claim 1, wherein the collecting of the litchi fruit borer adults in the litchi garden is collecting the litchi fruit borer adults in the litchi garden by a 5-point sampling method.
7. The method for predicting and forecasting litchi fruit borer based on ovarian development progress according to claim 1, characterized in that the dissected female ovary is dissected under a stereomicroscope.
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| CN115983533A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-04-18 | 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method and system for identifying and evaluating potential harm of litchi fruit borers |
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| CN115983533B (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-05-16 | 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method and system for identifying and evaluating potential hazard of litchi pedicel borer |
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