CN114381646A - Process method for cold-work hardening manufacturing of special pin for high-strength stainless steel locomotive - Google Patents
Process method for cold-work hardening manufacturing of special pin for high-strength stainless steel locomotive Download PDFInfo
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- CN114381646A CN114381646A CN202011143003.2A CN202011143003A CN114381646A CN 114381646 A CN114381646 A CN 114381646A CN 202011143003 A CN202011143003 A CN 202011143003A CN 114381646 A CN114381646 A CN 114381646A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Abstract
The invention provides a process method for cold-work hardening manufacture of a special pin for a high-strength stainless steel locomotive, which comprises the following steps: 1. putting the raw materials of the stainless steel pin into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting; 2. b, placing the material smelted in the step a into a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary refining; 3. transferring the material after the secondary refining to a forging shaft heating furnace, forging and cogging, and forming a blank and the like in a primary transformation mode. The high-strength stainless steel pin prepared by the method has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 180000psi, the yield strength of more than or equal to 145000psi and the elongation of more than or equal to 12 percent, still keeps good wear resistance in various severe environments, has excellent chloride pitting resistance, gap corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, meets the technical requirements of connecting pin pieces of high-speed rail locomotives and railway vehicle bogies, has long service life, ensures the safety of the locomotives in the operation process, fills the domestic blank, and adds a better safety coefficient for high-speed rails, trains and the like in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a manufacturing technology of stainless steel bars, in particular to a process method for manufacturing a special pin for a high-strength stainless steel locomotive through cold hardening.
Background
With the rapid development of rail transit and modern technology, high-speed safe driving of high-speed trains, trains and the like is increasingly pursued by the world manufacturing compelling countries nowadays. The rail transit is a strong item in China, however, part of key parts exist, and people still need to import the rail transit so as to meet the technical requirements and safety requirements matched with domestic locomotives. High-speed rail, train and train are all operated across a plurality of regional special lines, the climate, environment and special operation time have particularly great influence on the safety of the high-speed rail, train and train, and the special locomotive manufactured by domestic traditional common steel materials is difficult to meet the requirements of various environments, safety, service life and various technical indexes. In addition, in the aspect of vehicle manufacturing, the structure is relatively complex, the diameter of a general special pin is normally between 150 and 250mm, and due to the strength problem of steel quality, frequent replacement and installation sometimes cause shutdown waiting and waste of manpower and material resources. Although the technological means are continuously improved to optimize the structural organization of the steel, the technical requirements of mechanical property and safety can not be realized. When the parts are subjected to electrophoretic coating, although some corrosion prevention requirements are met, the standard of locomotive design is far not met in the working state of friction motion.
Similar stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel are disclosed in China: AS1201, 304, 301, etc. Martensitic stainless steels have very low mechanical elongation and do not achieve a certain desired shape. The strength in the mechanical properties of the all-austenitic stainless steel is a weak point, and the tensile strength is generally below 600-700 MPa. Several methods of stainless steel strength improvement have been disclosed, only for sheet and welded tube, and no techniques for manufacturing high strength bar materials have been described. For example: nickel-saving type metastable austenitic stainless steel: the components C are as follows: 0.06-0.15%, Si < 1%, Mn 7-10%, Cr: 15-17%, Ni: 1.5-2.5%, N: 0.15-0.30%, P less than 0.03%, S less than 0.02%. The other two austenitic stainless steels respectively comprise the following components: c: 0.05-0.15%, Si: 0.4-1%, Mn: 7-10%, P is less than or equal to 0.03%, S is less than or equal to 0.01%, Cr: 13-15%, Ni: 1-2%, N: 0.1-0.2%, Nb: 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Nb and Ti, Ce: 0.05-0.1% and C: 0.03-0.12%, Si: 0.3-1%, Mn: 6-8.5%, Cr: 16-18%. Ni: 1-2%, N: 0.10-0.25%, Cu2.0-3.5%, Mo: 0.1 to 0.5 percent, more than or equal to 10x10 to 40 percent and less than or equal to 30x10 to 4 percent of B, diversified components, complex process and low yield.
At present, the mileage of railways in China is 14 kilometers, the mileage of high-speed rails is 3.6 kilometers, a plurality of international shifts and trains are opened simultaneously, with the rapid development of the career of rail transit in China, the railways are accelerated once and again, the speed is safe correspondingly, the acceleration is carried out under the condition of ensuring the safety of vehicles, and the safety is particularly important. The high-strength connecting pin piece of the locomotive bogie has compact structure and diameter of only 30-45mm, and bears the safety of a steering mechanism. The product is developed and used only in the United states, and other countries are still blank, and Korea develops for two years and declares failure. Several Chinese nations have been developed for a long time without success, and through continuous attack of the scientific research personnel of our company for a year, the defects are overcome, and hundreds of tests prove that the success is achieved. The product meets the special locomotive selling standard through client use and technical detection, fills the domestic blank, and adds a better safety coefficient for high-speed rail, trains and the like in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process method for cold-work hardening manufacturing of a special pin for a high-strength stainless steel locomotive, the high-strength stainless steel pin manufactured by the method has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 180000psi, the yield strength of more than or equal to 145000psi and the elongation of more than or equal to 12%, still keeps good wear resistance in various severe environments, has excellent chloride pitting resistance, gap corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, meets the technical requirements of connecting pin parts of high-speed rail locomotives and railway vehicle bogies, has long service life, ensures the safety of the locomotives in the operation process, fills up the domestic blank, and adds a better safety coefficient for high-speed rails, trains and the like in China.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the process method for manufacturing the special pin for the high-strength stainless steel locomotive by cold-work hardening comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: c is less than 0.1%, Si: 3.5-4.5%, Mn: 7.0-9.0%, S < 0.03%, P < 0.04%, Ni: 8.0-9.0%, Cr: 16.0-18.0%, Fe: 59.0-66.0%, N: 0.08-0.18 percent of the total weight of the composition, and the balance of impurities, wherein the impurities are less than or equal to 0.03 percent;
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
a. putting the raw materials of the stainless steel pin into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting;
b. b, placing the material smelted in the step a into a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary refining;
c. transferring the material subjected to secondary refining to a forging shaft heating furnace, forging and cogging, and forming a blank through primary transformation;
d. carrying out flaw detection on the blank;
e. performing rolling treatment on the qualified blank, and finally forming;
f. carrying out surface treatment on the formed blank;
further, in the step a, high-purity argon or nitrogen is filled in the smelting process of the vacuum induction furnace, and chromium nitride is added.
Further, in the step b, argon is introduced in the secondary refining process of the protective atmosphere electroslag furnace, and meanwhile, slightly alkaline slag is added, wherein the slightly alkaline slag is 3% -5% of CaO.
Furthermore, in the step c, the heat pump of the forging shaft heating furnace adopts natural gas, the temperature control precision is +/-10 ℃, the micro-reducing atmosphere is adopted, and the mass of a forging hammer for forging and cogging is 4.5-5.5 tons.
Further, in the step e, the bar material after each treatment requirement is subjected to circulating cold work hardening through bidirectional exchange cold drawing, wherein the cold drawing speed is as follows: 3-5mm per second, and the variable reaches 50% -60%.
Furthermore, in the step f, the surface treatment is phosphorization and saponification treatment for 5-10 minutes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the stainless steel pin prepared by the method has high purity, extremely low inclusion content, tensile strength of more than or equal to 180000psi, yield strength of more than or equal to 145000psi and elongation of more than or equal to 12 percent, meets the design requirements of the connecting pin piece of the bogie of the high-speed rail locomotive and the railway vehicle, has simple process, low yield, good wear resistance, good gap corrosion resistance and good oxidation resistance after surface treatment, is safe and reliable, has long service life, meets the technical requirements of the connecting pin piece of the bogie of the high-speed rail locomotive and the railway vehicle, ensures the safety of the locomotive in the running process, and fills the domestic blank.
Detailed Description
Example one
The process method for manufacturing the special pin for the high-strength stainless steel locomotive by cold work hardening selects a stainless steel material, and adopts a stainless steel component detector to measure the components by mass percent: c: 0.08%, Si: 3.73%, Mn: 8.24%, S: 0.025%, P: 0.038%, Ni: 8.15%, Cr: 17.38%, Fe: 62.22%, N: 0.12%, the remainder being trace impurities;
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
a. the raw materials of the stainless steel pin are put into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, high-purity nitrogen is filled into the vacuum induction furnace, and chromium nitride is added to improve the stable nitrogen yield;
b. b, placing the material smelted in the step a into a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary refining, introducing argon into the protective atmosphere electroslag furnace, adding 5% of CaO, effectively adsorbing generated acidic oxides and desulfurizing, introducing argon for protection in the electroslag process, well separating slag and atmosphere, reducing oxygen supply of a slag layer, keeping constant melting speed in the smelting process and improving the product quality;
c. transferring the material subjected to secondary refining to a forging shaft heating furnace, forging and cogging, and forming a blank through primary transformation, wherein a heat pump of the forging shaft heating furnace uses natural gas, the temperature control precision is +/-10 ℃, a micro-reducing atmosphere is adopted, and the mass of a forging hammer used for forging and cogging is 4.5 tons;
d. flaw detection is carried out on the blank, the defects of heavy skin, cracks and the like on the surface are sanded after forging and cogging, then flaw detection is carried out on the blank by using a phased array flaw detector, and high-quality qualified blanks are selected;
e. carrying out surface treatment on the formed blank, wherein the surface treatment further comprises the following steps: phosphating and saponifying for 5 min;
f. and (3) rolling the qualified blank to obtain an original blank piece phi 65X6000 of the pin piece, and performing cold work hardening through a bidirectional exchange cold drawing cycle at the speed of: 3mm per second, the variable reaches 50-60%, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 180000psi, the yield is more than or equal to 145000psi, and the elongation is more than or equal to 12%, and finally the set mechanical property is obtained;
g. according to the structural requirements of the pin piece, the high-strength stainless steel pin piece suitable for the locomotive is manufactured.
Example two
The process method for manufacturing the special pin for the high-strength stainless steel locomotive by cold drawing selects a stainless steel material, and adopts a stainless steel component detector to measure the components by mass percent: c: 0.036%, Si: 3.97%, Mn: 8.57%, S: 0.001%, P: 0.026%, Ni: 8.15%, Cr: 16.88%, Fe: 62.22%, N: 0.11%, the balance being Fe and trace impurities;
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
a. the raw materials of the stainless steel pin are put into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, high-purity nitrogen is filled into the vacuum induction furnace, and chromium nitride is added to improve the stable nitrogen yield;
b. b, placing the material smelted in the step a into a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary refining, introducing argon into the protective atmosphere electroslag furnace, adding 5% of CaO, effectively adsorbing generated acidic oxides and desulfurizing, introducing argon for protection in the electroslag process, well separating slag and atmosphere, reducing oxygen supply of a slag layer, keeping constant melting speed in the smelting process and improving the product quality;
c. transferring the material subjected to secondary refining to a forging shaft heating furnace, forging and cogging, and forming a blank through primary transformation, wherein a heat pump of the forging shaft heating furnace uses natural gas, the temperature control precision is +/-10 ℃, a micro-reducing atmosphere is adopted, and the mass of a forging hammer for forging and cogging is 5 tons;
d. flaw detection is carried out on the blank, the defects of heavy skin, cracks and the like on the surface are sanded after forging and cogging, then flaw detection is carried out on the blank by using a phased array flaw detector, and high-quality qualified blanks are selected;
e. carrying out surface treatment on the formed blank, wherein the surface treatment comprises the following steps: phosphating and saponifying, wherein the phosphating time is 7min, and the saponifying time is 7 min;
f. the qualified blank is rolled, the blank with the diameter of 65 +/-0.5X 6000 is subjected to cold work hardening through the bidirectional exchange cold drawing circulation, and the speed is as follows: 5mm per second, the variable reaches 55%, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 180000psi, the yield is more than or equal to 145000psi, and the elongation is more than or equal to 12%, and finally the designed mechanical property is obtained;
g. according to the structural requirements of the pin piece, the high-strength stainless steel pin piece suitable for the locomotive is manufactured.
Claims (6)
1. A process method for manufacturing a special pin for a high-strength stainless steel locomotive through cold hardening comprises the following steps:
a. putting the raw materials of the stainless steel pin into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting;
b. b, placing the material smelted in the step a into a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary refining;
c. transferring the material subjected to secondary refining to a forging shaft heating furnace, forging and cogging, and forming a blank through primary transformation;
d. carrying out flaw detection on the blank;
e. performing rolling treatment on the qualified blank, and finally forming;
f. and carrying out surface treatment on the formed blank.
2. The step a of claim 1, wherein high-purity argon or nitrogen is filled in the vacuum induction furnace smelting process, and chromium nitride is added.
3. The step b of claim 1, wherein argon is introduced during the secondary refining process of the protective atmosphere electroslag furnace, and meanwhile, slightly basic slag is added, wherein the slightly basic slag is 3% -5% of CaO.
4. The step C of claim 1, wherein the forging shaft heating furnace heat pump adopts natural gas, the temperature control precision is +/-10 ℃, the micro-reducing atmosphere is adopted, and the forging hammer mass for forging and cogging is 4.5-5.5 tons.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the bar material is subjected to cyclic cold hardening by bidirectional exchange cold drawing at the speed of: 3-5mm per second, and the variable reaches 50% -60%.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein the surface treatment is followed by phosphating and saponification for a period of 5-10 minutes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011143003.2A CN114381646A (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Process method for cold-work hardening manufacturing of special pin for high-strength stainless steel locomotive |
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| CN202011143003.2A CN114381646A (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Process method for cold-work hardening manufacturing of special pin for high-strength stainless steel locomotive |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1772942A (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2006-05-17 | 钢铁研究总院 | Nickel-saving RE-containing austenitic stainless steel and its prepn |
| CN1831181A (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-13 | 日立金属株式会社 | Stainless steel having a high hardness and excellent mirror-finished surface property, and method of producing the same |
| CN106048421A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-10-26 | 宝鸡石油钢管有限责任公司 | 110ksi-grade stainless steel oil pipe and manufacture method thereof |
| JP2019002030A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2019-01-10 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | Austenitic stainless steel sheet and manufacturing method therefor, and exhaust component |
-
2020
- 2020-10-16 CN CN202011143003.2A patent/CN114381646A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1831181A (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-13 | 日立金属株式会社 | Stainless steel having a high hardness and excellent mirror-finished surface property, and method of producing the same |
| CN1772942A (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2006-05-17 | 钢铁研究总院 | Nickel-saving RE-containing austenitic stainless steel and its prepn |
| CN106048421A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-10-26 | 宝鸡石油钢管有限责任公司 | 110ksi-grade stainless steel oil pipe and manufacture method thereof |
| JP2019002030A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2019-01-10 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | Austenitic stainless steel sheet and manufacturing method therefor, and exhaust component |
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