CN114381028B - Photo-thermal conversion material, preparation method and application thereof, and method for sea water desalination, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification - Google Patents
Photo-thermal conversion material, preparation method and application thereof, and method for sea water desalination, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 233
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- GNHOJBNSNUXZQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GNHOJBNSNUXZQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/02—CO2-releasing, e.g. NaHCO3 and citric acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2399/00—Characterised by the use of natural macromolecular compounds or of derivatives thereof not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 - C08J2307/00 or C08J2389/00 - C08J2397/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
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- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of light conversion, and discloses a light-heat conversion material, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for sea water desalination, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification. The light-heat conversion material provided by the invention has excellent light absorption characteristics and high-efficiency light-heat conversion under illumination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of light conversion, in particular to a light-heat conversion material, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for sea water desalination, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification.
Background
In the twenty-first century, with the rapid growth of world population and global industrialization, energy and environmental problems are increasingly prominent, especially the global crisis of fresh water resources, which has been already irrespectively. The lack of water resources has made the development of sea water desalination technology more urgent. Because of the limited reserves of traditional fossil energy, non-renewable and huge environmental pollution in the utilization process, the traditional desalination technology such as reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and ion exchange has not been able to meet the requirements of human intensive society development due to the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency and the like, which cannot be ignored. Therefore, the utilization of clean energy is a necessary way for human development, and especially the situation is that the electric power is generally lacking in vast rural areas, island areas and other areas of China from the national condition, so that the development of new energy for sea water desalination is a trend of future development.
Solar energy is used as an inexhaustible clean energy, and is both a primary energy and a renewable energy. The method has the advantages of rich resources, free use, no transportation and no pollution to the environment. Creates a new living form for human beings, and brings society and human beings into an age of saving energy and reducing pollution. Solar energy has been utilized in many energy conversions, one being photothermal conversion, converting solar energy into thermal energy, such as heating water with a solar collector. And secondly, photocatalysis is carried out to convert solar energy into chemical energy, for example, sunlight is utilized to carry out photolysis of water to generate hydrogen. And third, photovoltaic cells, which convert solar energy into electrical energy, such as silicon solar cells and perovskite cells.
The solar energy is utilized to desalinate the sea water, so that the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection can be simultaneously met. Compared with the conventional mode, the solar sea water desalination technology has a plurality of new characteristics: the device can independently operate, is not limited by conditions such as steam, electric power and the like, has no pollution, low energy consumption, safe, stable and reliable operation, does not consume conventional energy sources such as petroleum, natural gas, coal and the like, and has great application value in areas with energy shortage and high environmental protection requirements; and secondly, the production scale can be organically combined, the adaptability is good, the investment is relatively less, the water production cost is low, and the method has the competitiveness of the fresh water supply market.
As the most important light-heat absorbing material in the light-heat conversion technology, the following conditions should be satisfied: (1) higher and broadband light absorption; (2) high photo-thermal conversion efficiency; (3) less heat loss to the surrounding environment; (4) hydrophilic and (5) effective water passage. Solar energy is an ideal clean energy source and is not very efficiently utilized at a later time, one of the very critical factors being: the solar energy density is very low (1000W/m 2 ). For photo-thermal generation of steam, it is generally necessary to add one to improve the photo-thermal conversion efficiencyThe individual concentrators increase the energy density of the light by a factor of 10-1000, and concentrators are generally expensive to manufacture. If the condenser is not used, water vapor can be efficiently generated, and the application prospect of photo-thermal conversion is greatly expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photo-thermal conversion material, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for sea water desalination, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification. The light-heat conversion material provided by the invention has excellent light absorption characteristics and high-efficiency light-heat conversion under illumination.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a photothermal conversion material comprising a flour-curable material and a carbon material, the photothermal conversion material having an absorbance of not less than 95% in a wavelength band of 200 to 2500nm, and the photothermal conversion material having a hierarchical pore structure.
Preferably, the photothermal conversion material has 7-20nm of nanopores and 7-500 μm of micropores.
Preferably, the density of the photothermal conversion material is 0.1-0.4g/cm 3 。
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a photothermal conversion material, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing flour, carbon powder, a foaming agent and water to obtain a foaming material;
(2) And (3) carrying out high-temperature curing on the foaming material to obtain the light-heat conversion material.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the flour to the carbon powder is 1-5000:1, preferably 100-1000:1.
Preferably, the mass ratio of flour to foaming agent is 1-200:1, preferably 5-100:1.
Preferably, the mass ratio of flour to water is 1-10:1, more preferably 2-5:1.
The third aspect of the present invention provides the photothermal conversion material prepared by the above preparation method.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides the use of the above-described photothermal conversion material in sea water desalination, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification.
In a fifth aspect the present invention provides a method of desalinating sea water, treating sewage, purifying water or purifying a solution, the method comprising: and floating the photothermal conversion material on the water surface of the water to be treated or the liquid surface of the solution to be treated, and carrying out photothermal conversion under the illumination condition.
The photo-thermal conversion material provided by the invention has high-efficiency photo-thermal conversion efficiency: such as in the range of 100-10000W/m 2 Under the radiation of the (2), the material can generate water vapor and condense into water, and has excellent photo-thermal conversion effect; in addition, the material can be recycled and is not influenced by the concentration and the water quantity of the seawater to be treated. The photo-thermal conversion material provided by the invention can perform photo-thermal conversion under light of various wave bands. Based on these characteristics, the photothermal conversion material provided by the invention can be used for solar energy absorption and conversion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a photothermal conversion material according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a contact angle test chart of the photothermal conversion material provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the quality of water vapor generated by the photothermal conversion material according to example 1 of the present invention under irradiation of a xenon lamp;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the water vapor generation rate of the photothermal conversion material according to example 1 of the present invention under different illumination intensities;
FIG. 5 is a model of an apparatus for desalination of sea water and treatment of sewage using photothermal conversion materials;
fig. 6 is a seawater desalination effect diagram of the photo-thermal conversion material provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram showing the effect of sea water desalination by the photo-thermal conversion material according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a seawater desalination effect diagram of the photo-thermal conversion material provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a diagram showing the effect of sea water desalination by the photo-thermal conversion material according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a seawater desalination effect diagram of the photo-thermal conversion material provided in embodiment 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the effect of sewage treatment with the photothermal conversion material according to example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the effect of sewage treatment with the photothermal conversion material according to example 7 of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a cycle performance test chart of the photothermal conversion material provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The first aspect of the present invention provides a photothermal conversion material comprising a flour-curable material and a carbon material, wherein the absorbance of the photothermal conversion material in a wavelength band of 200 to 2500nm is not less than 95%, and the photothermal conversion material has a hierarchical pore structure.
According to the present invention, preferably, the photothermal conversion material has nanopores of 7 to 20nm and micropores of 7 to 500 μm. Further preferably, the pore volume of the 7-20nm nanopores is 5-40%, preferably 10-30% of the total pore volume; still more preferably, the pore volume of the 7-500 μm micropores is 60-95%, preferably 70-90% of the total pore volume. The photo-thermal conversion material with the preferable pore structure has the advantages that the micropores are favorable for water transmission and the nanopores are favorable for water evaporation.
In the invention, the pore volume of the nanometer pore and the micron pore of the photo-thermal conversion material and the total pore volume are obtained by testing by a mercury intrusion method.
According to the present invention, the porosity of the photothermal conversion material is preferably 60% or more, and preferably 80 to 99%. Compared with the material provided by the prior art, the photothermal conversion material provided by the invention has higher porosity. According to the invention, the porosity of the photothermal conversion material is obtained by testing with mercury porosimetry.
According to the present invention, preferably, the specific surface area of the photothermal conversion material is 50 to 100m 2 Preferably 80-100 m/g 2 And/g. The specific surface area of the photothermal conversion material may be measured by mercury intrusion.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light-to-heat conversion material has an absorbance of 95 to 99%, preferably 98 to 99%, in the wavelength band of 200 to 2500 nm. The light-heat conversion material provided by the invention has an excellent light absorption effect. In the present invention, the absorbance is obtained by ultraviolet/visible/near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
According to the present invention, preferably, the photothermal conversion material has a thermal conductivity of 0.1 to 0.6. 0.6W m -1 K -1 Preferably 0.1-0.2. 0.2W m -1 K -1 . Compared with the prior art, the photothermal conversion material provided by the invention has lower heat conductivity. In the present invention, the thermal conductivity is obtained by infrared imaging testing.
According to the present invention, preferably, the photothermal conversion material has a hydrophilic surface, and the photothermal conversion material is capable of absorbing water within 90ms when subjected to a water contact angle test. The photothermal conversion material provided by the invention has good hydrophilicity and is beneficial to application in the field of photothermal conversion.
According to the present invention, preferably, the light-heat conversion material has a density of 0.1 to 0.4g/cm 3 Preferably 0.2-0.3mg/cm 3 。
According to the invention, the mass ratio of the flour-solidified material to the carbon material is preferably 1-5000:1, preferably 100-1000:1.
According to the invention, the flour curing material is specifically obtained by foaming and curing flour. Specific foaming and curing operations are described below and are not described in detail herein.
The carbon material is widely selected, and preferably the carbon material is at least one selected from activated carbon, carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes. The carbon material may be prepared by any method, or may be commercially available, and the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
Preferably, the graphene is single-layer and/or few-layer graphene. In the present invention, the term "few-layer graphene" refers to graphene of more than 1 layer, but not more than 10 layers.
Preferably, the carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes. In the present invention, the term "multi-walled carbon nanotubes" is used to refer to carbon nanotubes of more than one layer.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a photothermal conversion material, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing flour, carbon powder, a foaming agent and water to obtain a foaming material;
(2) And (3) carrying out high-temperature curing on the foaming material to obtain the light-heat conversion material.
The flour is not particularly limited, and may be various flours conventionally used in the art, and preferably, the flour is at least one selected from the group consisting of high-gluten flour, medium-gluten flour and low-gluten flour. The flour is commercially available.
According to the present invention, the type selection range of the carbon powder is the same as the selection range of the carbon material, and will not be described herein.
The type of the foaming agent is not particularly limited as long as it can perform a foaming function, and preferably the foaming agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of yeast powder, baking powder, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate.
The term "yeast powder" as used herein refers to a powdered material obtained after grinding of yeast, which allows the dough to ferment rapidly.
As used herein, the term "baking powder" refers to a mixture of 0.3% aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, starch, sodium saccharin, vanillin or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, sodium bicarbonate, starch, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen tartrate, and 5% calcium carbonate.
In the present invention, the foaming agent is commercially available.
According to the invention, the mass ratio of flour to carbon powder is preferably 1-5000:1, preferably 100-1000:1.
According to the invention, the amount of foaming agent is suitably selected according to the amount of flour to be used, preferably in a mass ratio of flour to foaming agent of 1-200:1, preferably 5-100:1, based on the amount of flour to be used to meet the foaming requirements of the flour.
According to the invention, the mass ratio of flour to water is preferably 1-10:1, more preferably 2-5:1.
The invention has a wide range of water temperature selection to meet the foaming requirements, preferably the water temperature is 4-100 ℃, more preferably 20-35 ℃.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the foaming agent is yeast powder and the water has a temperature of 4-45 ℃, more preferably 20-35 ℃.
The specific mode of mixing in the step (1) is not limited in the present invention, as long as foaming can be performed to obtain a foamed material. For example, the mixing time may generally be 0.5 to 2 hours.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixing of step (1) comprises:
(1-1) premixing flour, carbon powder and a foaming agent to obtain a premix;
(1-2) mixing water with the premix.
Preferably, the premixing in step (1-1) is performed under stirring. The stirring speed is not particularly limited in the invention, so that the flour, the carbon powder and the foaming agent are uniformly mixed.
Preferably, the mixing in step (1-2) is performed under stirring.
According to one embodiment of the invention, step (1-2) comprises adding water to the premix, stirring to form a floc, and kneading to form a mass.
According to the present invention, it is further preferable that step (1) further comprises standing the material obtained in step (1-2). Preferably, the time of the standing is 0.5-14h.
According to the present invention, preferably, the standing is performed under a sealed condition. According to the present invention, preferably, the sealing may be performed using a tinfoil.
According to the present invention, preferably, the standing is room temperature standing or constant temperature standing, preferably constant temperature standing. In the present invention, the room temperature standing means standing in an indoor environment.
Preferably, the constant temperature resting temperature is 10-45 ℃, preferably 20-35 ℃.
According to the present invention, preferably, the constant-temperature standing includes a first-stage constant-temperature standing for 1 to 12 hours at a temperature of 20 to 35 ℃ and a second-stage constant-temperature standing for 0 to 2 hours at a temperature of 20 to 35 ℃. The adoption of the preferred embodiment is more beneficial to the full foaming expansion of the material and increases the porosity of the material.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the material foams after standing, the volume becomes larger, and the standing can be continued after kneading the dough and discharging the gas in the dough.
In the present invention, the high-temperature curing refers to a curing reaction performed under high-temperature conditions.
According to the present invention, preferably, the conditions for high temperature curing include: the curing temperature is 100-180 ℃ and the curing time is 10-60min; further preferably, the conditions for high temperature curing include: the curing temperature is 150-180 ℃ and the curing time is 30-50min.
The apparatus for high-temperature curing is not particularly limited, and may be carried out in an oven, for example.
The third aspect of the present invention provides the photothermal conversion material prepared by the above preparation method. The structure and the composition characteristics of the photothermal conversion material are the same as those of the photothermal conversion material described in the first aspect, and the present invention is not repeated here.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides application of the photo-thermal conversion material in sea water desalination, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification. The photo-thermal conversion material provided by the invention has good photo-thermal conversion performance, and can be well applied to sea water desalination, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification.
In a fifth aspect the present invention provides a method of desalinating sea water, treating sewage, purifying water or purifying a solution, the method comprising: and floating the photothermal conversion material on the water surface of the water to be treated or the liquid surface of the solution to be treated, and carrying out photothermal conversion under the illumination condition.
The invention provides a seawater desalination method, which comprises the steps of floating the photo-thermal conversion material on the water surface of seawater to be treated and performing photo-thermal conversion under the illumination condition.
The invention provides a sewage treatment method, which comprises the steps of floating the light-heat conversion material on the water surface of sewage to be treated and performing light-heat conversion under the illumination condition.
The invention provides a water purifying method, which comprises the steps of floating the photo-thermal conversion material on the water surface of water to be purified, and performing photo-thermal conversion under the illumination condition.
The invention provides a solution purification method, which comprises the steps of floating the photo-thermal conversion material on the liquid surface of a solution to be purified, and performing photo-thermal conversion under the illumination condition.
In the method provided by the invention, light irradiates the surface of the photo-thermal conversion material to perform photo-thermal conversion to generate steam, the steam is condensed by the condensing device, and the condensed water or liquid is collected by the collecting device, so that the seawater desalination, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification are realized. The device capable of achieving the above purpose is not particularly limited in the invention, and a schematic diagram of a device model for sea water desalination and sewage treatment by using the photothermal conversion material provided by the invention is shown in fig. 5. Those skilled in the art will know how to perform desalination of sea water, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification on the basis of the above disclosure.
The light source of the illumination of the present invention has a wide selection range, and preferably the light is at least one selected from the group consisting of sunlight, simulated infrared light, monochromatic light and microwaves.
The light intensity of the illumination is not particularly limited, and preferably the light intensity is 50-20000W/m 2 Further preferably 100 to 10000W/m 2 。
Example 1
Mixing 30g of high gluten flour (commercially available from Mitsui food marketing Co., ltd., brand name is Fujinggao) with 0.25g of powdery active carbon (commercially available from Tianjin Plana nanometer technology Co., ltd., brand name is YP 50) uniformly, adding 5g of yeast powder (commercially available from Angel Yeast Co., ltd., brand name is dry Yeast) and continuing stirring uniformly. 10g of distilled water at 20 ℃ is added into the mixture, stirred into flocculent, and kneaded until flour and active carbon are uniformly mixed and the surface is smooth. The kneaded dough was placed in a container and sealed with tinfoil paper and placed in an oven at 20 ℃ for 2h. Then, kneading dough, exhausting air, and kneading until the surface is smooth; and (5) continuously sealing and standing for 0.5h by using tinfoil. And then, placing the flour foaming material in a high-temperature oven to react for 30min at 150 ℃ to obtain the light-heat conversion material S-1.
The scanning electron microscope image of the photothermal conversion material S-1 is shown in FIG. 1, and as can be seen from FIG. 1, the material has a porous sponge-like structure. Wettability of the photothermal conversion material S-1 with water as shown in fig. 2, it can be seen from fig. 2 that the photothermal conversion material has a hydrophilic surface capable of absorbing water within 90 ms.
Placing the obtained photothermal conversion material S-1 in a double-layer beaker, and irradiating light from right above to the surface of the photothermal conversion material, wherein the simulated sunlight (xenon lamp) density of the material surface is 1000W m -2 The photo-thermal conversion efficiency was calculated by measuring the water evaporation amount per unit area per unit time, and the results are shown in table 1. The quality of the water vapor generated based on this photo-thermal conversion under the irradiation of the simulated sunlight (xenon lamp) is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, the material has an excellent effect of generating steam by photo-thermal conversion.
The rate of generating water vapor by photo-thermal conversion of the obtained photo-thermal conversion material S-1 under different illumination intensities is shown in FIG. 4.
The cyclic test of the photothermal conversion material S-1 is shown in fig. 13, the time of each test is two hours, water is added to the test liquid to the initial mass after the evaporation is finished, and the water evaporation rate at each test is recorded by using a balance. As can be seen from fig. 13, the evaporation rate does not significantly change in the 15-cycle evaporation process, which indicates that the photo-thermal conversion material provided by the invention has excellent cycle stability.
Under the irradiation of natural light, the obtained photothermal conversion material S-1 is placed in a device model of sea water desalination and sewage treatment shown in FIG. 5, which contains NaCl solution simulating sea water concentration, and the sea water desalination effect of the photothermal conversion material S-1 is tested, and the test result is shown in FIG. 6.
The photo-thermal conversion material S-1 was subjected to characterization analysis, and the contents of the flour curing material and the carbon material, the absorbance of the photo-thermal conversion material in the wavelength band of 200-2500nm, and the percentage of the total pore volume of the nano pores and the micro pores are shown in Table 1.
The porosity, specific surface area, thermal conductivity and density of the photothermal conversion material are listed in table 2.
Example 2
30g of medium gluten flour (commercially available from medium grain food marketing Co., ltd., trade name is Fu Linmen medium gluten flour) and 0.25g of carbon black (commercially available from Tianjin Plan nanometer technology Co., ltd., trade name is Super P) were mixed uniformly, and 2g of yeast powder (same as in example 1) was added to continue stirring uniformly. 15g of distilled water at 30 ℃ is added into the mixture, stirred into flocculent, and kneaded until flour and active carbon are uniformly mixed and the surface is smooth. The kneaded dough was placed in a container and sealed with tinfoil paper, and placed in an oven at 30 ℃ for standing for 1h. Then, kneading dough, exhausting air, and kneading until the surface is smooth; and (5) continuously sealing and standing for 0.5h by using tinfoil. Then, the flour foaming material is placed in a high-temperature oven to react for 20min at 120 ℃. The photothermal conversion material S-2 is obtained.
The scanning electron microscope image of the photothermal conversion material S-2 is similar to that of FIG. 1, showing that the material has a porous sponge-like structure. The wettability test of the photothermal conversion material S-2 with respect to water shows that the photothermal conversion material has a hydrophilic surface and is capable of absorbing water within 90 ms.
Under the irradiation of natural light, the obtained photothermal conversion material S-2 is placed in a device model of sea water desalination and sewage treatment shown in FIG. 5, wherein the device model is filled with NaCl solution simulating sea water concentration, and the sea water desalination effect of the photothermal conversion material S-2 is tested, and the test result is shown in FIG. 7.
The photo-thermal conversion material S-2 was subjected to characterization analysis, and the contents of the flour curing material and the carbon material, the absorbance of the photo-thermal conversion material in the wavelength band of 200-2500nm, and the percentage of the total pore volume of the nano pores and the micro pores are shown in Table 1.
The porosity, specific surface area, thermal conductivity and density of the photothermal conversion material are listed in table 2.
The simulated solar (xenon lamp) density of the material surface is 1000W m -2 The light-heat conversion efficiency of the light-heat conversion material S-2 is shown in Table 1.
Example 3
15g of high gluten flour (same as in example 1) and 15g of medium gluten flour (same as in example 2) were mixed with 0.1g of carbon black (Super P) uniformly, 5g of baking powder (38 wt% disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, 32 wt% sodium bicarbonate, 15 wt% starch, 5 wt% monocalcium phosphate, 5 wt% potassium bitartrate and 5 wt% calcium carbonate) was added and stirring was continued uniformly. To this, 12g of distilled water at 50℃was added, stirred to floccule, and kneaded until flour and activated carbon were mixed uniformly and the surface was smooth. The kneaded dough was placed in a container and sealed with tinfoil paper and placed in an oven at 50 ℃ for 10h. Then, kneading dough, exhausting air, and kneading until the surface is smooth; and (5) continuously sealing and standing for 2 hours by using tinfoil paper. Then, the flour foaming material is put into a high-temperature oven to react for 40min at 180 ℃. And obtaining the light-heat conversion material S-3.
The scanning electron microscope image of the photothermal conversion material S-3 is similar to that of FIG. 1, showing that the material has a porous sponge-like structure. The wettability test of the photothermal conversion material S-3 with respect to water shows that the photothermal conversion material has a hydrophilic surface and is capable of absorbing water within 90 ms.
Under the irradiation of natural light, the obtained photothermal conversion material S-3 is placed in the simulated seawater Mg 2+ MgCl with ion concentration 2 In the device model of the solution for sea water desalination and sewage treatment shown in fig. 5, the sea water desalination effect of the photothermal conversion material S-3 was tested, and the test result is shown in fig. 8.
The photo-thermal conversion material S-3 was subjected to characterization analysis, and the contents of the flour curing material and the carbon material, the absorbance of the photo-thermal conversion material in the wavelength band of 200-2500nm, and the percentage of the total pore volume of the nano pores and the micro pores are shown in Table 1.
The porosity, specific surface area, thermal conductivity and density of the photothermal conversion material are listed in table 2.
The simulated solar (xenon lamp) density of the material surface is 1000W m -2 The light-heat conversion efficiency of the light-heat conversion material S-3 is shown in Table 1.
Example 4
10g of high gluten flour (same as in example 1), 10g of medium gluten flour (same as in example 2) and 10g of low gluten flour (commercially available from medium grain food marketing Co., ltd., brand name: low gluten flour) were mixed with 0.25g of carbon nanotubes (commercially available from Nanjing Xianfeng nanomaterial technologies Co., ltd., brand name: 102705) uniformly, and 5g of yeast powder (same as in example 1) and 0.5g of sodium bicarbonate were added to the mixture to continue stirring uniformly. 10g of distilled water at 25 ℃ is added into the mixture, stirred into flocculent, and kneaded until flour and active carbon are uniformly mixed and the surface is smooth. The kneaded dough was placed in a container and sealed with tinfoil paper and placed in an oven at 25 ℃ for 4 hours. Then, kneading dough, exhausting air, and kneading until the surface is smooth; and (5) continuously sealing and standing for 1h by using tinfoil. Then, the flour foaming material is put into a high-temperature oven to react for 30min at 150 ℃. And obtaining the light-heat conversion material S-4.
The scanning electron microscope image of the photothermal conversion material S-4 is similar to that of FIG. 1, showing that the material has a porous sponge-like structure. The wettability test of the photothermal conversion material S-4 with respect to water shows that the photothermal conversion material has a hydrophilic surface and is capable of absorbing water within 90 ms.
Under the irradiation of natural light, the obtained photothermal conversion material S-4 is placed in simulated seawater Ca 2+ CaCl of ion concentration 2 In the device model of the solution for sea water desalination and sewage treatment shown in fig. 5, the sea water desalination effect of the photothermal conversion material S-4 was tested, and the test result is shown in fig. 9.
The photo-thermal conversion material S-4 was subjected to characterization analysis, and the contents of the flour curing material and the carbon material, the absorbance of the photo-thermal conversion material in the wavelength band of 200-2500nm, and the percentage of the total pore volume of the nano pores and the micro pores are shown in Table 1.
The porosity, specific surface area, thermal conductivity and density of the photothermal conversion material are listed in table 2.
The simulated solar (xenon lamp) density of the material surface is 1000W m -2 The light-heat conversion efficiency of the light-heat conversion material S-4 is shown in Table 1.
Example 5
30g of high-gluten flour (same as in example 1) and 0.1g of graphene (commercially available from Tianjin Planta nanotechnology Co., ltd., trade name SGgraphene-001) were mixed uniformly, and 2g of yeast powder (same as in example 1) was added thereto and stirring was continued uniformly. 10g of distilled water at 25 ℃ is added into the mixture, stirred into flocculent, and kneaded until flour and active carbon are uniformly mixed and the surface is smooth. The kneaded dough was placed in a container and sealed with tinfoil paper and placed in an oven at 35 ℃ for 1h. Then, kneading dough, exhausting air, and kneading until the surface is smooth; and (5) continuously sealing and standing for 0.5h by using tinfoil. Then, the flour foaming material is put into a high-temperature oven to react for 30min at 160 ℃. And obtaining the light-heat conversion material S-5.
The scanning electron microscope image of the photothermal conversion material S-5 is similar to that of FIG. 1, showing that the material has a porous sponge-like structure. The wettability test of the photothermal conversion material S-5 with respect to water shows that the photothermal conversion material has a hydrophilic surface and is capable of absorbing water within 90 ms.
Under the irradiation of natural light, the obtained photothermal conversion material S-5 is placed in simulated seawater K + In the device model of sea water desalination and sewage treatment of KCl solution with ion concentration shown in FIG. 5, sea water desalination effect of the photothermal conversion material S-5 was tested, and the test result is shown in FIG. 10.
The photo-thermal conversion material S-5 was subjected to characterization analysis, and the contents of the flour curing material and the carbon material, the absorbance of the photo-thermal conversion material in the wavelength band of 200-2500nm, and the percentage of the total pore volume of the nano pores and the micro pores are shown in Table 1.
The porosity, specific surface area, thermal conductivity and density of the photothermal conversion material are listed in table 2.
The simulated solar (xenon lamp) density of the material surface is 1000W m -2 At the time, the light-heat conversion effect of the light-heat conversion material S-5The rates are shown in Table 1.
Example 6
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the amount of activated carbon used was 0.001g. And obtaining the light-heat conversion material S-6.
The scanning electron microscope image of the photothermal conversion material S-6 is similar to that of FIG. 1, showing that the material has a porous sponge-like structure. The wettability test of the photothermal conversion material S-6 with respect to water shows that the photothermal conversion material has a hydrophilic surface and is capable of absorbing water within 90 ms.
The sewage treatment effect of the photothermal conversion material S-6 was tested by using the device model for sea water desalination and sewage treatment shown in fig. 5, and the test result is shown in fig. 11.
The photo-thermal conversion material S-6 was subjected to characterization analysis, and the contents of the flour curing material and the carbon material, the absorbance of the photo-thermal conversion material in the wavelength band of 200-2500nm, and the percentage of the total pore volume of the nano pores and the micro pores are shown in Table 1.
The porosity, specific surface area, thermal conductivity and density of the photothermal conversion material are listed in table 2.
The simulated solar (xenon lamp) density of the material surface is 1000W m -2 The light-heat conversion efficiency of the light-heat conversion material S-6 is shown in Table 1.
Example 7
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the amount of yeast powder used was 0.05g. The photothermal conversion material S-7 is obtained.
The scanning electron microscope image of the photothermal conversion material S-7 is similar to that of FIG. 1, showing that the material has a porous sponge-like structure. The wettability test of the photothermal conversion material S-7 with respect to water shows that the photothermal conversion material has a hydrophilic surface and is capable of absorbing water within 90 ms.
The sewage treatment effect of the photothermal conversion material S-7 was tested by using the device model for sea water desalination and sewage treatment shown in fig. 5, and the test result is shown in fig. 12.
The photo-thermal conversion material S-7 was subjected to characterization analysis, and the contents of the flour curing material and the carbon material, the absorbance of the photo-thermal conversion material in the wavelength band of 200-2500nm, and the percentage of the total pore volume of the nano pores and the micro pores are shown in Table 1.
The porosity, specific surface area, thermal conductivity and density of the photothermal conversion material are listed in table 2.
The simulated solar (xenon lamp) density of the material surface is 1000W m -2 The light-heat conversion efficiency of the light-heat conversion material S-7 is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Note that: in Table 1, absorbance refers to absorbance of the photothermal conversion material in a wavelength band of 200 to 2500 nm; the nano-pores refer to the percentage of the pore volume of the nano-pores of 7-20nm to the total pore volume; micropores refer to the percentage of the pore volume of micropores of 7-500 μm to the total pore volume.
TABLE 2
| Porosity% | Specific surface area, m 2 /g | Thermal conductivity, W m -1 K -1 | Density, g/cm 3 | |
| Example 1 | 87.6％ | 87 | 0.15 | 0.21 |
| Example 2 | 86.7％ | 86 | 0.15 | 0.22 |
| Example 3 | 87.5％ | 88 | 0.14 | 0.21 |
| Example 4 | 88.1％ | 87 | 0.14 | 0.23 |
| Example 5 | 85.8％ | 86 | 0.16 | 0.23 |
| Example 6 | 87.6％ | 87 | 0.15 | 0.20 |
| Example 7 | 20.2％ | 40 | 0.62 | 0.53 |
As can be seen from the results in table 1 and table 2, the photo-thermal conversion material provided by the invention has excellent photo-absorption characteristics, has high photo-thermal conversion efficiency under illumination, can generate water vapor and condense into water under illumination conditions, and has excellent photo-thermal conversion effect; in addition, the material can be recycled and is not influenced by the concentration and the water quantity of the seawater to be treated. The photo-thermal conversion material provided by the invention can perform photo-thermal conversion under light of various wave bands. Based on these characteristics, the photothermal conversion material provided by the invention can be used for solar energy absorption and conversion.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (46)
1. A photothermal conversion material comprising a flour curing material and a carbon material, wherein the absorbance of the photothermal conversion material at a wavelength band of 200-2500nm is not less than 95%, and the photothermal conversion material has a hierarchical pore structure;
wherein the flour curing material is obtained by foaming and curing flour; the carbon material is at least one selected from activated carbon, carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes; the mass ratio of the flour curing material to the carbon material is 1-5000:1;
the photothermal conversion material is provided with 7-20nm of nano holes and 7-500 mu m of micro holes, wherein the pore volume of the 7-20nm of nano holes accounts for 5-40% of the total pore volume, and the pore volume of the 7-500 mu m of micro holes accounts for 60-95% of the total pore volume;
the porosity of the photothermal conversion material is more than 60%;
the preparation method of the photothermal conversion material comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing flour, carbon powder, a foaming agent and water to obtain a foaming material;
(2) Carrying out high-temperature curing on the foaming material to obtain a photo-thermal conversion material;
the carbon powder is at least one of activated carbon, carbon black, graphene and carbon nano tubes;
the conditions of the high temperature curing include: the curing temperature is 120-180 ℃ and the curing time is 10-60min.
2. The photothermal conversion material according to claim 1, wherein a pore volume of the 7-20nm nanopores accounts for 10-30% of a total pore volume.
3. The photothermal conversion material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a pore volume of 7-500 μm micropores accounts for 70-90% of a total pore volume.
4. The photothermal conversion material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a porosity of the photothermal conversion material is 80-99%.
5. The photothermal conversion material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a specific surface area of the photothermal conversion material is 50-100m 2 /g。
6. The light-to-heat conversion material according to claim 5, wherein the specific surface area of the light-to-heat conversion material is 80 to 100m 2 /g。
7. The photothermal conversion material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an absorbance of the photothermal conversion material at a wavelength band of 200-2500nm is 95-99%.
8. The photothermal conversion material according to claim 7, wherein the photothermal conversion material has an absorbance of 98-99% at a wavelength band of 200-2500 nm.
9. The photothermal conversion material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the photothermal conversion materialThe thermal conductivity of the material is 0.1-0.6W m -1 K -1 。
10. The photothermal conversion material of claim 9, wherein the photothermal conversion material has a thermal conductivity of 0.1-0.2W m -1 K -1 。
11. The photothermal conversion material of claim 1 or 2, wherein the photothermal conversion material has a hydrophilic surface, the photothermal conversion material being capable of absorbing water within 90ms when subjected to a water contact angle test.
12. The photothermal conversion material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a density of the photothermal conversion material is 0.1-0.4g/cm 3 。
13. The photothermal conversion material of claim 12, wherein the photothermal conversion material has a density of 0.2-0.3 g/cm 3 。
14. The photothermal conversion material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a mass ratio of the flour curing material to the carbon material is 100-1000:1.
15. The photothermal conversion material of claim 1 or 2, wherein the graphene is single-layer and/or few-layer graphene.
16. The photothermal conversion material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
17. A method of producing the photothermal conversion material according to any one of claims 1 to 16, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing flour, carbon powder, a foaming agent and water to obtain a foaming material;
(2) And (3) carrying out high-temperature curing on the foaming material to obtain the light-heat conversion material.
18. The production method according to claim 17, wherein the flour is at least one selected from high-gluten flour, medium-gluten flour and low-gluten flour.
19. The production method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the foaming agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of yeast powder, baking powder, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate.
20. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the mass ratio of flour to carbon powder is 1-5000:1.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the mass ratio of flour to carbon powder is 100-1000:1.
22. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the mass ratio of flour to foaming agent is 1-200:1.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the mass ratio of flour to foaming agent is 5-100:1.
24. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the mass ratio of flour to water is 1-10:1.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the mass ratio of flour to water is 2-5:1.
26. The method of manufacturing according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the temperature of the water is 4-100 ℃.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the temperature of the water is 20-35 ℃.
28. The preparation method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the foaming agent is yeast powder, and the temperature of the water is 4-45 ℃.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the temperature of the water is 20-35 ℃.
30. The method of preparation of claim 17 or 18, wherein the mixing of step (1) comprises:
(1-1) premixing flour, carbon powder and a foaming agent to obtain a premix;
(1-2) mixing water with the premix.
31. The production method according to claim 30, wherein the premixing in step (1-1) is performed under stirring.
32. The production method according to claim 30, wherein the mixing in step (1-2) is performed under stirring.
33. The process according to claim 30, wherein step (1) further comprises standing the material obtained in step (1-2).
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the standing is performed under sealed conditions.
35. The production method according to claim 33, wherein the standing is room temperature standing or constant temperature standing.
36. The production method according to claim 35, wherein the standing is constant temperature standing.
37. The production method according to claim 35 or 36, wherein the constant-temperature standing temperature is 10-45 ℃.
38. The preparation method of claim 37, wherein the constant temperature standing temperature is 20-35 ℃.
39. The production method according to claim 35 or 36, wherein the constant-temperature standing includes a first-stage constant-temperature standing for 1 to 12h at a temperature of 20 to 35 ℃ and a second-stage constant-temperature standing for 0 to 2h at a temperature of 20 to 35 ℃.
40. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conditions of high-temperature curing include: the curing temperature is 150-180 ℃ and the curing time is 30-50min.
41. A photothermal conversion material according to the method of any one of claims 17 to 40.
42. Use of a photothermal conversion material according to any of claims 1 to 16 and 41 for sea water desalination, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification.
43. A method of desalinating sea water, treating sewage, purifying water or purifying a solution, the method comprising: the photothermal conversion material according to any one of claims 1 to 16 and 41 is floated on the water surface of water to be treated or on the liquid surface of a solution to be treated, and photothermal conversion is performed under light conditions.
44. The method of claim 43, wherein the light is selected from at least one of sunlight, simulated infrared light, monochromatic light, and microwaves.
45. The method according to claim 43 or 44, wherein the intensity of the light is 50-20000W/m 2 。
46. The method of claim 45, wherein the intensity of light is 100-10000W/m 2 。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011111414.3A CN114381028B (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Photo-thermal conversion material, preparation method and application thereof, and method for sea water desalination, sewage treatment, water purification or solution purification |
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| JP2019002004A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-01-10 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Photothermal conversion material, photothermal conversion composition and photothermal conversion molded body |
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