CN114380348A - Zero-carbon all-weather solar seawater distillation system - Google Patents
Zero-carbon all-weather solar seawater distillation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114380348A CN114380348A CN202210065626.5A CN202210065626A CN114380348A CN 114380348 A CN114380348 A CN 114380348A CN 202210065626 A CN202210065626 A CN 202210065626A CN 114380348 A CN114380348 A CN 114380348A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a distillation system, in particular to a zero-carbon all-weather solar seawater distillation system, which comprises a heating subsystem, a distillation condensing subsystem and a photovoltaic power storage system, wherein the heating subsystem is connected with the distillation condensing subsystem; the heating subsystem is in continuous transmission connection with the distillation and condensation subsystem and is in power supply connection with the photovoltaic power storage system; the heating subsystem mainly comprises a heat collecting device, a flow guide channel, a flow guide protection control device and a water cooling plate, and the distillation condensing subsystem mainly comprises a distillation working device, a seawater supply device and a fresh water collecting device; the seawater is evaporated and condensed by the heating subsystem and the distillation condensing subsystem to produce fresh water; the solar energy power supply system utilizes the photovoltaic power storage system to supply solar energy, provides heat energy through the solar flat plate collector, highly utilizes solar energy resources, recycles latent heat of steam condensation in the condensation box body and the seawater distillation box, improves the thermal efficiency of the system, and realizes the conversion of seawater into fresh water resources under the conditions of environmental protection and energy conservation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a distillation system, in particular to a zero-carbon all-weather solar seawater distillation system.
Background
At present, seawater or brackish water accounts for 97.5 percent of earth water resources, the seawater resources are rich, fresh water resources required by people are very scarce, and on the other hand, solar energy is inexhaustible resources; therefore, the utilization of solar energy and seawater resources to obtain fresh water is an important approach to solve the shortage of fresh water resources. The existing solar seawater desalination technology mainly comprises a membrane method and a thermal method, wherein the membrane method is a process of utilizing solar energy to generate electricity to drive dialysis, and the thermal method is a process of utilizing solar energy to generate heat energy to drive seawater phase change; according to whether the system is provided with additional components or not, the thermal method solar seawater desalination technology can be divided into a passive type and an active type, and the active type solar seawater distillation device is more widely valued because the water yield of the active type device is higher than that of the passive type device and the passive type device has the defect of low operation temperature.
At present, in a solar seawater distillation device, an additional component of a solar heat collector is added, solar energy can be collected through the solar heat collector, then seawater to be distilled is heated, and fresh water is obtained and collected after evaporation, however, the prior art has several defects. First, in the distillation-working equipment, the heat capacity of seawater to be evaporated is large, resulting in large thermal inertia of the equipment, thereby limiting the increase of the operating temperature and weakening the driving force for evaporation. Secondly, the cover plate is adopted for condensation, so that water vapor is attached to the cover plate after being condensed, the heat transfer resistance is increased, the transmittance of the cover plate is reduced, and the absorption of seawater to solar energy is reduced; meanwhile, the incident angle of part of the light rays can be changed, so that the light rays are unevenly transmitted in the transparent wall surface, and the evaporation liquid surface is unevenly heated. Thirdly, due to climate limitation, solar energy is greatly influenced by seasons and weather, and heat flux density is unstable, so that the water yield is low at night or in rainy days by adopting the solar distillation device. Therefore, the existing seawater distillation equipment still has more defects to be overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a distillation system, and particularly relates to a zero-carbon all-weather solar seawater distillation system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a zero-carbon all-weather solar seawater distillation system is characterized in that the distillation system mainly comprises a heating subsystem, a distillation condensing subsystem and a photovoltaic power storage system; the heating subsystem is in continuous transmission connection with the distillation and condensation subsystem and is in power supply connection with the photovoltaic power storage system;
the heating subsystem mainly comprises a heat collecting device, flow guide channels, a flow guide protection control device and a water cooling plate, wherein the heat collecting device is connected with the two flow guide channels from two ends; the heating subsystem takes liquid with high heat conductivity coefficient as a heating working medium, the heating working medium absorbs and collects heat at the heat collection device, and the flow guide channel is a circulation pipeline of the heating working medium;
the distillation condensing subsystem mainly comprises a distillation working device, a seawater supply device and a fresh water collecting device; the distillation working device comprises a condensation box body, a seawater distillation box and a water absorption plate, wherein the condensation box body is formed into a large space cavity structure containing the seawater distillation box, the top surface of the condensation box body is provided with a guide type inclined surface for collecting condensed liquid, the seawater distillation box is arranged in the condensation box body and is formed into a box body structure for storing seawater, and the water absorption plate is arranged on the inner wall of the seawater distillation box; the seawater supply device is connected with the seawater distillation tank in an access mode, and the fresh water collecting device is connected with the condensation tank body in an outflow mode; the condensing box body and the seawater distilling box can adopt transparent materials as walls, so that the light transmission capability is ensured; the box body is provided with a sealing part at the through hole of the connecting pipeline.
Preferably, the seawater supply device consists of a water source, a water suction pump and a seawater supply pipe, the seawater supply pipe is communicated to the bottom in the seawater distillation tank from the water source, and the water suction pump is arranged at the position, close to the initial end, of the seawater supply pipe; the whole system can be arranged at the seaside or nearby, so that the seawater resource can be utilized infinitely, and the seawater resource is efficiently converted into fresh water resource.
Preferably, the seawater supply device further comprises a control valve and a concentrated seawater discharge pipe, wherein one end of the concentrated seawater discharge pipe is installed at the bottom of the seawater distillation box, and the other end of the concentrated seawater discharge pipe penetrates through the condensation box body and is connected to the outside of the box body; after the seawater distillation box finishes distillation and condensation, the redundant concentrated seawater is discharged from a concentrated seawater discharge pipe, and the discharged concentrated seawater can be used for salt production.
Preferably, the fresh water collecting device comprises a fresh water storage tank and a fresh water outlet pipe, one end of the fresh water outlet pipe is installed at the bottom of the condensing tank body, and the other end of the fresh water outlet pipe is communicated to the fresh water storage tank outside the condensing tank body; the fresh water storage tank is used for collecting the distilled and condensed fresh water in a centralized manner.
Preferably, the distillation working device further comprises a supporting floating plate, the supporting floating plate is arranged on the water level of the seawater distillation tank in a floating manner, and the water cooling plate is arranged inside the seawater distillation tank and on the upper surface of the supporting floating plate; the water-cooling plate is used for heating seawater of the seawater distillation box to perform distillation work, the water-cooling plate does not need to be directly immersed in the seawater, but is fixed above a seawater horizontal plane through the supporting floating plate, so that the water-cooling plate is prevented from directly contacting the seawater, and can be further, uniformly and quickly heated and distilled, therefore, the efficiency can be improved, and the water-cooling plate structure and the solar flat plate collector can be protected.
Preferably, the water absorption plate is a porous absorption flexible thin plate and is arranged on the upper surface of the supporting floating plate, and two ends of the water absorption flexible thin plate bend downwards under the action of gravity and extend into seawater; the water absorbing flexible thin plate can be made of adsorptive materials such as black sponge, black water absorbing cotton cloth and the like, has the function of pumping water, and is used for absorbing seawater in the seawater distillation box and evaporating seawater by contacting with the water cooling plate.
Preferably, the top surface of the water-absorbing flexible thin plate is coated with a light-absorbing coating; the sunlight is absorbed by the light absorbing coating and the water at the interface of the water absorbing flexible thin plate is heated.
Preferably, the heat collecting device is a solar flat plate collector, the solar flat plate collector is used for collecting sunlight and converting the sunlight into heat, providing heat for a heating working medium and transmitting the heat to the water cooling plate for heating, further heating and evaporating seawater, and indirectly protecting the solar flat plate collector through transmission of the heating working medium so as to reduce corrosion and damage of the seawater to the solar flat plate collector; the diversion protection control device comprises a safety valve, an expansion tank and a water pump which are sequentially arranged from the outlet of the diversion channel of the heat collection device to the outflow direction; the flow guide protection control device prevents negative pressure overload and ensures safety, and the safety valve is arranged near the expansion tank to avoid damaging the expansion tank and other components of the system when the pressure of the system is abnormal.
Preferably, the distillation and condensation subsystem further comprises a thermoelectric module, wherein the thermoelectric module is electrically connected with the photovoltaic power storage system and is installed at the top end of the condensation box body.
Preferably, the photovoltaic power storage system comprises a photovoltaic panel and a storage battery which are in power supply connection, and the storage battery is simultaneously in power supply connection with electrical components of the heating subsystem and the distillation and condensation subsystem; the photovoltaic power storage system absorbs light energy and converts the light energy into electric energy to be stored in sunny days, power is supplied to electrical elements such as a water pump and a thermoelectric module, and the whole system can work normally at night.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the purpose of recovering steam and fresh water resources by latent heat of condensation is realized by the heating subsystem and the distillation and condensation subsystem; the solar energy power supply system actively utilizes the photovoltaic power storage system to supply solar energy, simultaneously provides heat energy through the solar flat plate collector, highly utilizes solar energy resources, recovers steam condensation latent heat for seawater in the condensation box body and the seawater distillation box to obtain fresh water resources, can improve the thermal efficiency of the system, converts a large amount of seawater into fresh water resources required by human life under the environment-friendly and energy-saving conditions, and can work constantly to create a large amount of fresh water resources while the utilization rates of the solar energy and the seawater resources are high.
The thermoelectric module is arranged at the top end of the condensing box body, so that the system is more miniaturized by utilizing the characteristics of simple structure and flexible installation of the thermoelectric module; and the refrigeration function of the thermoelectric module is utilized to cause the steam water drops on the inclined top surface of the condensing box body to quickly downwards incline and flow downwards, and simultaneously play a role of flushing the inclined top surface, because the temperature of the contact part of the cold end and the inclined top surface is lower, more condensed water is produced, and the heat transfer resistance is increased when the water vapor is condensed in a bead shape or a film shape on the inclined top surface, and the sunlight is shielded, the absorption of seawater to solar energy is influenced, when the thermoelectric module works, the condensed water amount can be increased by more than 2 times, the function of collecting fresh water under fast flow is achieved, the distillation efficiency is improved, the light transmittance of the wall surface of the rear surface of the inclined top surface is also achieved, the condensed water slides down along the inclined top surface and washes and self-cleans the wall surface of the inclined top surface, thereby, the light transmittance of the inclined plate is kept, and the number of the thermoelectric modules can be flexibly matched according to the distillation amount generated by the system. The invention also actively recovers the latent heat released by the steam in the condensation process, so that the operation temperature is greatly increased, the internal heat and mass transfer process is improved, the water yield is higher than that of a passive solar distiller, and the energy utilization rate is higher than that of other devices for recovering the condensation latent heat.
The invention has low requirement on the concentration of raw water, and overcomes the defects that the desalination yield of a single device cannot be too large and the concentration of the raw water cannot be too high due to the limitation of high-pressure operation and the performance of a semipermeable membrane in the membrane desalination technology in the prior art; however, the local thermal method solar distillation adopted by the invention is not limited by the concentration of raw water, has high fresh water purity, and is particularly suitable for water-deficient areas with high air temperature and long sunshine time.
The invention can realize the all-weather zero-carbon fresh water preparation, and the seawater desalination system adopting solar energy as the driving force has certain limitation because the solar energy is greatly influenced by seasons and weather and the heat flux density is unstable. Under the condition of sufficient sunlight, the solar energy not only directly heats the seawater, but also can be converted into electric energy, and the operation of the thermoelectric module and the water pump is maintained. Under the condition of no solar illumination, the storage battery can store energy to meet the power demand of the system, and the intermittent working state is avoided. Therefore, the system can generate fresh water only by inputting solar energy and seawater, and has the advantages of low operation cost, zero carbon, long working time and the like.
The invention can run off-grid, the seawater desalination technology of the invention combines abundant solar energy resources and seawater resources, provides heat energy and electric energy required by system operation through the solar flat plate collector and the photovoltaic panel, and can be used for emergency water taking selection in islands or remote areas where fresh water resources are in short supply and are far away from national energy networks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the logical structure of the working connection of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view structural diagram of the rectifier network of the present invention.
Reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which: 1-sunlight, 2-heat collecting device, 3-safety valve, 4-expansion tank, 5-water pump, 6-water cooling plate, 7-condensation box body, 8-seawater distillation box, 9-fresh water storage tank, 10-seawater supply pipe, 11-concentrated seawater discharge pipe, 12-supporting floating plate, 13-water absorption plate, 14-light absorption coating, 15-thermoelectric module, 16-photovoltaic plate, 17-storage battery, 18-flow guide channel, 19-second water cooling plate, 20-rectifying net and 21-third water cooling plate.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings:
a zero-carbon all-weather solar seawater distillation system mainly comprises a heating subsystem, a distillation condensing subsystem and a photovoltaic power storage system; the heating subsystem is in continuous transmission connection with the distillation and condensation subsystem and is in power supply connection with the photovoltaic power storage system;
the heating subsystem mainly comprises a heat collecting device 2, flow guide channels 18, a flow guide protection control device and a water cooling plate 6, wherein the heat collecting device 2 is connected with the two flow guide channels 18 from two ends, the water cooling plate 6 is arranged in the distillation condensation subsystem, the two flow guide channels 18 are communicated to the water cooling plate 6 from the heat collecting device 2 to form a circulation loop, and the flow guide protection control device is arranged on the flow guide channels 18; the heating subsystem takes liquid with high heat conductivity coefficient as a heating working medium, the heating working medium absorbs heat at the heat collecting device 2, the flow guide channel 18 is a circulation pipeline of the heating working medium, and an insulating layer is wrapped outside the pipeline; further, the heat collecting device 2 is a solar flat plate collector; the solar flat plate collector is used for collecting heat of sunlight 1, providing heat for a heating working medium and transmitting the heat to the water cooling plate 6, and heating seawater through the water cooling plate 6 to evaporate the seawater; the heat exchange between the solar flat plate collector and the seawater is realized by heating the working medium, and the seawater is not in direct contact with the solar flat plate collector, so that the corrosion damage of the seawater to the solar flat plate collector is reduced; the diversion protection control device comprises a safety valve 3, an expansion tank 4 and a water pump 5 which are respectively and sequentially arranged from the outlet of the diversion channel 18 to the outflow direction; the flow guide protection control device prevents negative pressure overload and ensures safety, and the safety valve 3 is arranged near the expansion tank 4 to avoid damaging the expansion tank 4 and other parts of the system when the system pressure is abnormal.
The distillation condensing subsystem mainly comprises a distillation working device, a seawater supply device and a fresh water collecting device; the distillation working device comprises a condensation box body 7, a seawater distillation box 8 and a water absorption plate 13, wherein the condensation box body 7 is formed into a large space cavity structure containing the seawater distillation box 8, the top surface of the condensation box body is provided with a guide type inclined surface for collecting condensed liquid, and the seawater distillation box 8 is arranged inside the condensation box body 7 and is formed into a box body structure for storing seawater; the seawater supply device is connected with the seawater distillation box 8 in an access mode, and the fresh water collecting device is connected with the condensation box body 7 in an outflow mode; the condensing box body 7 and the seawater distilling box 8 can be made of transparent materials as walls, so that the light transmission capacity is ensured; the box body is provided with a sealing part at the through hole of the connecting pipeline; further, the distillation working device also comprises a supporting floating plate 12, the supporting floating plate 12 is arranged on the horizontal plane of the seawater distillation box 8 in a floating manner, the water cooling plate 6 is arranged in the seawater distillation box 8 close to the top and is arranged on the horizontal plane in a floating manner through the buoyancy of the supporting floating plate 12; the water cooling plate 6 is used for heating the seawater in the seawater distillation box 8 to carry out distillation work, the water cooling plate 6 does not need to be directly immersed in the seawater, but the water cooling plate 6 is fixed above the level of the seawater through the supporting floating plate 12, so that the direct contact with the seawater is avoided, the seawater heating distillation can be rapidly carried out, the evaporation temperature can be increased, and the time for generating steam can be shortened; the water absorption plate is a porous absorption flexible thin plate and is arranged on the upper surface of the supporting floating plate, and two ends of the water absorption flexible thin plate bend downwards under the action of gravity and extend into seawater; the water-absorbing flexible thin plate can be made of adsorptive materials such as black sponge, black water-absorbing cotton cloth and the like, has the function of pumping water, is used for absorbing and transporting seawater in the seawater distillation box 8 and is in contact with the water-cooling plate 6 to heat and evaporate the seawater; the top surface of the water-absorbing flexible thin plate is coated with a light-absorbing coating 14; the light absorption coating 14 absorbs sunlight 1 and can also heat the water at the interface of the water absorption flexible thin plate; the seawater supply device consists of a water source, a water suction pump and a seawater supply pipe 10, wherein the seawater supply pipe 10 is communicated to the bottom in the seawater distillation box 8 from the water source, and the water suction pump is arranged at the position, close to the initial end, of the seawater supply pipe 10; the whole system can be arranged at or near the seaside, so that the seawater resource can be utilized infinitely, and then the seawater resource is efficiently converted into fresh water resource; the seawater supply device also comprises a control valve and a concentrated seawater discharge pipe 11, wherein one end of the concentrated seawater discharge pipe 11 is arranged at the bottom of the seawater distillation box 8, and the other end of the concentrated seawater discharge pipe is connected to the outside of the box body after penetrating through the condensation box body 7; after the seawater distillation box 8 finishes distillation and condensation, the redundant concentrated seawater is discharged from a concentrated seawater discharge pipe 11, and the discharged concentrated seawater can be used for salt production; the fresh water collecting device comprises a fresh water storage tank 9 and a fresh water outlet pipe, one end of the fresh water outlet pipe is installed at the bottom of the condensing tank body 7, and the other end of the fresh water outlet pipe is communicated into the fresh water storage tank 9 outside the condensing tank body; the fresh water storage tank 9 is used for collecting the distilled and condensed fresh water in a centralized way; the distillation condensation subsystem further comprises a thermoelectric module 15, and the thermoelectric module 15 is electrically connected with a photovoltaic panel 16 and a storage battery 17 and is installed at the top end of the condensation box body 7.
The photovoltaic power storage system comprises a photovoltaic panel 16 and a storage battery 17, the storage battery 17 is connected with electrical components of the heating subsystem and the distillation and condensation subsystem in a power supply mode, the photovoltaic power storage system absorbs light energy in a sunny day and converts the light energy into electric energy to be stored, the electric energy is supplied to electrical components such as the water suction pump, the water pump 5 and the thermoelectric module 15, and the whole system can work normally at night.
In the embodiment, firstly, solar energy is efficiently collected through a solar flat plate collector, because the solar flat plate collector improves the operation temperature, the water yield of a unit daylighting area can be greatly improved, the heat is transferred to a water cooling plate 6 through a heating working medium and a flow guide channel 18, the water cooling plate 6 is arranged at the top of a seawater distillation box 8 in a floating manner, so that seawater in a distillation working device is heated, a seawater supply device transmits a water source into the seawater distillation box 8 through a seawater supply pipe 10, then a water absorption flexible thin plate sequentially conveys partial seawater to the position of the water absorption flexible thin plate, the seawater temperature of the water absorption flexible thin plate is raised by the heat of the water cooling plate 6, so that steam is generated, the steam can be condensed on a condensation box body 7 of the distillation working device to generate fresh water, condensed water beads can be generated around the inner wall of the condensation box, wherein a large amount of steam beads can be generated on the inclined top surface, the flow rate is increased and the inner surface is brushed under the action of the thermoelectric module 15 to keep the light transmittance, and finally, fresh water is stored through the fresh water collecting box. The embodiment can improve the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the system, and the seawater of the water absorption flexible thin plate is locally heated by utilizing solar energy to quickly generate steam instead of uniformly heating with large capacity, so that the heat energy loss of the seawater can be reduced; the light transmittance of the inclined top surface of the condensation tank 7 can be maintained. In addition, the invention can overcome the characteristics of unstable solar irradiation intensity and intermittence, reduce the influence of climate and realize the all-weather fresh water preparation.
Specifically, the present embodiment combines the interfacial evaporation technology to effectively shorten the system response time and increase the evaporation rate, and in order to match the evaporation rate, the present embodiment further uses the thermoelectric technology to increase the water vapor condensation rate, and increases the heating performance by recovering the latent heat of steam condensation, thereby heating the seawater more efficiently. This means that the heat source for seawater includes solar thermal radiation, thermoelectric heat pumps; in addition, aiming at the characteristics of unstable solar irradiation intensity and intermittence, the photovoltaic panel 16 and the storage battery 17 are additionally arranged in the implementation, so that the system can be operated off the grid in all weather, and the system is suitable for islands, remote mountain areas and other areas.
The zero-carbon all-weather solar seawater distillation system comprises a heating subsystem, a distillation condensing subsystem and a photovoltaic power storage subsystem, the structure of the embodiment is shown in figures 1 and 2, the heating subsystem is composed of a solar flat plate collector, a safety valve 3, an expansion tank 4, a water pump 5 and a water cooling plate 6, liquid with high heat conductivity coefficient is used as a heating working medium of the heating subsystem, the heating working medium absorbs solar heat at the solar flat plate collector, and flows into the water cooling plate 6 to heat seawater after flowing through the safety valve 3 and the expansion tank 4, the efficiency of the solar flat plate collector is high, so that the seawater can be indirectly heated to a high temperature, the safety valve 3 is arranged near the expansion tank 4 to prevent the expansion tank 4 and other parts of the system from being damaged when the pressure of the system is abnormal, and in order to protect the solar flat plate collector, the seawater does not directly contact with the solar flat plate collector, and the heat exchange is only carried out with the water cooling plate 6, so that the corrosion of seawater to the solar flat plate collector is reduced.
The distillation condensation subsystem mainly plays roles of evaporation and condensation, seawater absorbs heat to generate steam, the steam is condensed on a condensation cover plate to generate fresh water, the evaporation condensation subsystem comprises a condensation box body 7 and a seawater distillation box 8, the seawater distillation box 8 is used for storing and heating seawater, the condensation box body 7 is used for steam condensation and fresh water collection, the seawater distillation box body 8 and the condensation box body 7 are both made of transparent materials, the condensation box body 7 is connected with a fresh water storage tank 9, the seawater distillation box 8 is respectively connected with a seawater supply pipe 10, the concentrated seawater discharge pipe 11 is connected, the seawater supply pipe 10 is connected to a water source, the seawater distillation box 8 is provided with a supporting floating plate 12 for placing the water cooling plate 6, a water-absorbing flexible thin plate (such as black sponge and black water-absorbing cotton cloth) is laid above the water cooling plate 6 and extends into the seawater to be distilled, and a light-absorbing coating 14 (such as a graphene pipe photo-thermal film) is coated on the outer surface of the water-absorbing flexible thin plate; the light absorbing coating 14 is mainly used for absorbing the sunlight 1 and heating the water at the interface of the water absorbing flexible thin plate; the lower water-absorbing flexible thin plate has the function of pumping water, and can absorb seawater to the upper water-cooling plate 6 through capillary action, so that part of seawater is heated and evaporated in the porous material. Finally, the steam produced forms small droplets on the inclined plates. In addition, the thermoelectric module 15 is installed at the topmost inclined top surface of the condensation box body 7, and because the temperature of the contact part of the cold end and the inclined plate is lower, more condensed water is easily formed, so that the condensed water naturally slides down from the inclined top surface and washes and self-cleans the wall surface of the inclined top surface, the light transmittance of the inclined plate is increased, and the condensed water is finally collected to the fresh water storage box 9; in the embodiment, the protection device is additionally arranged on the heat exchange channel of the thermoelectric module so as to prevent the pressure in the closed pipeline from being too high.
This embodiment except that solar energy flat plate collector, the 14 ability absorption solar energy of coating of extinction, thermoelectric module 15 also can provide heat, and thermoelectric module 15 is to the in-process of vapor condensation, and the heat of its cold junction constantly shifts to the hot junction, has both retrieved the condensation latent heat of steam and has improved thermoelectric heating performance again, and the heat of hot junction shifts the sea water in the flexible sheet metal that absorbs water through heating working medium and water-cooling board to the realization is to the preheating of sea water. The photovoltaic power storage system of the embodiment absorbs light energy and converts the light energy into electric energy to be stored in sunny days, so that power is supplied to the water pump 5 and the thermoelectric module 15, and the whole system can work normally at night; in this embodiment, except for the water-cooling plate 6, a second water-cooling plate 19 and a third water-cooling plate 21 are further provided, the volume of the second water-cooling plate 19 and the volume of the third water-cooling plate 21 are smaller than that of the water-cooling plate 6, referring to fig. 1, the third water-cooling plate 21 is in contact connection with the thermoelectric module 15, but the second water-cooling plate 19 cannot be directly installed on the top of the supporting floating plate 12, because the temperature of the second water-cooling plate 19 is lower than that of the water-absorbing plate 13 when the illumination is strong, that is, the second water-cooling plate 19 cannot heat the seawater in the water-absorbing plate 13, but is heated by the water-absorbing plate 13, so that the second water-cooling plate 19 is directly immersed in the seawater tank, and contacts with the high-volume seawater to heat the seawater on the upper layer of the seawater tank (at this time, the seawater is on the high-volume seawater), and contacts with the water-absorbing plate 13 to preheat the upward-absorbed seawater;
in this embodiment, a rectifying net 20 is further added, and is horizontally installed inside the seawater distillation box 8, and is located above the inlet of the seawater supply pipe 10. The function is to comb the straight direction of entry sea water, reduces the influence of make-up water disturbance vortex to the sea water distillation case 8 to upper portion sea water, reduces the mixing between the sea water to reduce the two heat exchanges.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make modifications and variations within the spirit of the present invention, and all modifications, equivalents and modifications of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A zero-carbon all-weather solar seawater distillation system is characterized in that the distillation system mainly comprises a heating subsystem, a distillation condensing subsystem and a photovoltaic power storage system; the heating subsystem is in continuous transmission connection with the distillation and condensation subsystem and is in power supply connection with the photovoltaic power storage system;
the heating subsystem mainly comprises a heat collecting device, flow guide channels, a flow guide protection control device and a water cooling plate, wherein the heat collecting device is connected with the two flow guide channels from two ends;
the distillation condensing subsystem mainly comprises a distillation working device, a seawater supply device and a fresh water collecting device; the distillation working device comprises a condensation box body, a seawater distillation box and a water absorption plate, wherein the condensation box body is formed into a large space cavity structure containing the seawater distillation box, the top surface of the condensation box body is provided with a guide type inclined surface for collecting condensed liquid, the seawater distillation box is arranged in the condensation box body and is formed into a box body structure for storing seawater, and the water absorption plate is arranged on the inner wall of the seawater distillation box; the seawater supply device is connected with the seawater distillation tank in an access mode, and the fresh water collecting device is connected with the condensation tank body in an outflow mode.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the seawater supply device comprises a water source, a water pump, and a seawater supply pipe, the seawater supply pipe is connected from the water source to the bottom of the seawater distillation chamber, and the water pump is installed near the beginning of the seawater supply pipe.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the seawater supply device further comprises a control valve and a concentrated seawater discharge pipe, wherein one end of the concentrated seawater discharge pipe is installed at the bottom of the seawater distillation tank, and the other end of the concentrated seawater discharge pipe penetrates through the condensation tank and is connected to the outside of the tank.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the fresh water collector comprises a fresh water storage tank and a fresh water outlet pipe, one end of the fresh water outlet pipe is mounted at the bottom of the condensing tank, and the other end of the fresh water outlet pipe is connected to the fresh water storage tank outside the condensing tank.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the distillation plant further comprises a supporting floating plate floating on the water level of the seawater distillation tank, and the water cooling plate is installed inside the seawater distillation tank and on the upper surface of the supporting floating plate.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the water absorption plate is a porous absorption flexible thin plate, and is installed on the upper surface of the supporting floating plate, and both ends of the absorption flexible thin plate bend downward into the seawater due to gravity.
7. A zero-carbon all-weather solar seawater distillation system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the top surface of said water absorbing flexible sheet is coated with a light absorbing coating.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the heat collecting device is a solar flat plate collector, and the diversion protection control device comprises a safety valve, an expansion tank and a water pump, which are sequentially installed from the outlet of the diversion channel of the heat collecting device to the outflow direction.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the distillation condensing subsystem further comprises a thermoelectric module electrically connected to the photovoltaic power storage system and mounted on top of the condensing box.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic power storage system comprises a photovoltaic panel and a storage battery, and the storage battery is electrically connected with the electrical components of the heating subsystem and the distillation condensing subsystem.
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| US20150353379A1 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2015-12-10 | James Weifu Lee | Photovoltaic panel-interfaced solar-greenhouse distillation systems |
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