CN114378538B - Machining method for saddle-shaped pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop - Google Patents
Machining method for saddle-shaped pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for processing a saddle-shaped pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop, which comprises the following steps: establishing a space curved surface model by SIEMENS NX CAD/CAM software, and analyzing the overall shape of a workpiece to be processed to establish and analyze a workpiece digital model; setting a process scheme according to the established digital model; setting a CAM program according to the process scheme and determining a machining tool; checking a numerical control program through simulation software of the VERICUT numerical control machine tool; and detecting the size precision of the workpiece by detecting the characteristic points through a machine tool. The invention provides a method for processing a saddle-shaped pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop, which provides an optimized saddle-shaped groove processing scheme, solves the problem that a saddle-shaped groove with a complex space curved surface cannot be processed or approximately processed in a three-axis linkage planer type milling machine and a boring machine, and solves the technical problem of saddle-shaped groove processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of part machining, in particular to a method for machining a saddle-shaped connecting pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop.
Background
The groove of the saddle-shaped connecting pipe hole with large thickness and large drop is a complex space curved surface, the large planer milling machine cannot be processed due to the fact that the size of a workpiece is large, the position of the connecting pipe hole is determined, a boring machine is used for processing, the boring machine is used for processing, firstly, the groove direction is at the back of a main shaft because the tooth thickness of the connecting pipe groove is at the outer circle position of the cylinder, great difficulty is added to processing, secondly, the relation of the curved surface cannot be calculated by using a mathematical relation, a digital model is required to be established by using software and CAM is adopted for processing, thirdly, the R-angle processing difficulty of the root is large, the smooth connection difficulty with the inclined surface of the groove is large, and finally the tooth thickness is difficult to ensure. At present, a traceable processing technology only has one processing mode, the processing mode adopts parameter programming to approximate processing, the size progress cannot be ensured after the processing, the R angle residue at the root is large, the roughness cannot be ensured, and the processing efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems that the dimensional accuracy and the surface quality cannot be guaranteed in the parameter programming approximate processing, the processing method of the saddle-shaped connecting pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop is provided. The invention mainly provides a processing method of a saddle-shaped connecting pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop, and the scheme provides an optimized saddle-shaped groove processing scheme and solves the problem that the saddle-shaped groove with a complex space curved surface cannot be processed or approximately processed in a three-axis linkage planer type milling machine and a boring machine.
The invention adopts the following technical means:
a processing method of a saddle-shaped pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop comprises the following steps:
step S1: establishing a space curved surface model by SIEMENS NX CAD/CAM software, and analyzing the overall shape of a workpiece to be processed to establish and analyze a workpiece digital model;
step S2: setting a process scheme according to the digital model established in the step S1;
step S3: setting a CAM program according to the process scheme and determining a machining tool;
step S4: checking a numerical control program through simulation software of the VERICUT numerical control machine tool;
step S5: and detecting the size precision of the workpiece by detecting the characteristic points through a machine tool.
Further, the step S2 further includes the following steps:
step S21: dividing a processing stage; machining a large-diameter hole before machining a groove; processing the bevel character graph, wherein the R angle of the root has residues, and removing the R angle residue part of the root; finishing the R angle of the root part to be in a graph-conforming state;
step S22: determining a processing machine tool;
step S23: determining a processing method.
Still further, the step S23 further includes the steps of:
step S231: processing and removing the large diameter Kong Yuliang, wherein the unilateral allowance is 1mm;
step S232: processing an inclined surface symbol graph; dividing the groove into four quadrants according to the characteristics of the space curved surface of the groove, the large diameter characteristics of the groove and the dimensional accuracy requirement of the tooth width;
step S233: removing R-angle residues at the root; selecting a small-diameter arc three-face edge milling cutter for back chipping treatment;
step S234: and (5) carrying out finish machining on the root R angle.
Further, in the step S232, the processing is divided into four quadrants, and the third and fourth quadrants are processed by the first and second quadrant program mirror image processing.
Further, the adopted processing machine tool is a three-axis linkage large-scale numerical control boring machine.
Further, the finish machining mode is streamline profiling integral machining.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a processing method of a saddle-shaped pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop, the scheme provides an optimized saddle-shaped groove processing scheme, solves the problem that a saddle-shaped groove with a complex space cannot be processed or approximately processed in a three-axis linkage planer type milling machine and a boring machine, solves the problem of saddle-shaped groove processing, and has the final processing effect capable of meeting all dimensional precision requirements of a drawing, greatly improving the surface quality of a product, and greatly improving the processing efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
1-2, the invention provides a method for processing a saddle-shaped pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: establishing a space curved surface model by SIEMENS NX CAD/CAM software, and analyzing the overall shape of a workpiece to be processed to establish and analyze a workpiece digital model; firstly, establishing a cylinder body, then establishing a cylinder with the hole diameter at the center of a hole where the saddle-shaped groove is located, and then solving a difference between the cylinder body and the cylinder body; then, cutting off the existing model by half by using the rotation center line of the through hole and the section where the bus of the cylinder body is positioned; further, a saddle-shaped groove section position sketch is established on the existing section, the section is swept along the intersecting line of the hole and the inner wall of the cylinder by using a sweeping function, and the parameter setting of the sweep is subjected to strict push setting so as to ensure that the shape after the sweep meets the drawing requirement; and finally, after the swept graph and the cylinder are subjected to difference, mirroring is carried out according to the trimmed cross section to obtain a complete saddle-shaped groove digital model.
The modeling method is a general method which is mature at present, and therefore, a detailed description is omitted here. If the size of the cylinder body is changed, or the size of the opening is changed, or the saddle-shaped groove opening faces the inner wall or the outer wall of the cylinder body, only the modeling size of the cylinder body and the sketch size of the groove are required to be modified, other steps are unchanged, and the method has universality.
Step S2: setting a process scheme according to the digital model established in the step S1;
step S21: dividing a processing stage; machining a large-diameter hole before machining a groove; processing the bevel character graph, wherein the R angle of the root has residues, and removing the R angle residue part of the root; finishing the R angle of the root part to be in a graph-conforming state;
step S22: determining a processing machine tool; as a preferred embodiment, the machine tool used in the present application is a three-axis linkage large-scale numerical control boring machine.
Step S23: determining a processing method. The step S23 further includes the steps of:
step S231: and (5) machining and removing the large diameter Kong Yuliang, wherein the unilateral allowance is 1mm. Because only need after the groove processing process tooth thickness width can, consequently select the finish milling cutter that the edge length is greater than tooth width, simultaneously through the saddle line that analysis hole and barrel are relevant to form, develop the numerical control machining procedure in finish machining hole, this procedure is the machining procedure of following the saddle, consequently cutter length greatly reduced for select the finish milling cutter to become the feasibility scheme, the processing of finish milling cutter very big has improved the surface roughness in hole after processing, follows curve processing simultaneously, compared with milling according to the layer, very big improvement machining efficiency.
Step S232: processing an inclined surface symbol graph; dividing the groove into four quadrants according to the large diameter characteristic of the groove and the dimension precision requirement of the tooth width; 1. in order to ensure that the thickness of the machined tooth meets the precision requirement, the machining program of the inclined plane needs to be executed for 2 times, the axial and radial average quantity is firstly measured, the axial and radial final offset of the machined inclined plane is determined by measuring the characteristic dimension after machining, if the program of simultaneously machining four quadrants is used, the execution of the program needs a long time of about 40 hours because of the large groove size, and the machining efficiency is greatly reduced; 2. the program using risk is reduced, if the whole program is processed, whether collision and overstock risks exist in the whole program is required to be observed, the operation is only required to verify the correctness of the first-quadrant program and the second-quadrant program, and the processing of the third quadrant program and the fourth quadrant program can be completed through mirror image processing of the first-quadrant program and the second-quadrant program.
Step S233: removing R-angle residues at the root; selecting a small-diameter arc three-face edge milling cutter for back chipping treatment; because the R angle of the root after processing by using the large-diameter three-edge milling cutter is large, the right-angle three-edge milling cutter can also cause residue, and the surface roughness after processing is poor, the small-diameter circular arc three-edge milling cutter is required to be selected for back chipping treatment, meanwhile, in order to avoid the problem of interference in processing of the large-diameter three-edge milling cutter, the residue is removed as much as possible, and the requirement of the roughness of the processed round angle is ensured, therefore, the circular arc three-edge milling cutter with the proper diameter is the key of the step, and the proper cutting mode is matched for use so as to fulfill the aim of removing the root residue in the step. Only the residual part of the root is removed, repeated processing of the processed part can be avoided, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved.
Step S234: and (5) carrying out finish machining on the root R angle. The finish machining mode is streamline profiling integral machining, the purpose of the step is to ensure smooth connection of the machined round corners and the inclined surface parts and perfect connection of the four-quadrant machining connection parts, and meanwhile the step is a key step for correcting the tooth thickness dimension so as to meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy and roughness.
Step S3: setting a CAM program according to the process scheme and determining a machining tool; in the application, the programming of a CAM program for a saddle-shaped connecting pipe hole groove with a large thickness and a large drop as a preferable method is extremely complex, and in order to meet the requirements of a process scheme, a space curved surface is required to be divided according to quadrants, so that a plurality of problems in the CAM program are solved in the debugging process of the program, and the description is omitted; the determination of the machining tool is determined by combining a plurality of factors such as space curved surface characteristics, dimensional characteristics, material characteristics to be machined, selection of a machining method, machining precision, machining stability, machining efficiency, tool path and the like, and aims to stably, efficiently and accurately remove blank allowance, and the whole machining process can be completed by using 2 types of tools. In the actual machining process, if the diameter of the cylinder is small, the stroke of the main shaft of the milling machine meets the groove machining requirement, the milling machine can be selectively used for machining all saddle-shaped grooves on the cylinder by a three-shaft linkage planer type milling machine through one-time clamping and a rotating procedure through a rotating angle milling head, at this time, rough machining is performed by selecting a corn milling cutter, finish machining is performed by selecting a profile milling cutter with a round angle, and the scheme is greatly improved than the boring machine machining efficiency, but because of the size of a workpiece and the stroke of a machine tool, the milling machine can not meet the machining condition, and then the milling machine is replaced by boring machine machining. The boring machine is used for machining the outer side of the cylinder body by using a main shaft, a three-face milling cutter is selected for rough machining, and a three-face arc milling cutter is selected for semi-finishing and finish machining.
The rough machining and the semi-finishing machining adopt a machining mode of milling a deep machining profile, a depth-first machining mode is selected, cutting is carried out according to an arc, cutting is carried out axially at the position with the shortest safety distance between layers, so that the safety of the cutting position is ensured, if the boring machine is used for machining, the diameters of a right-angle three-sided edge and an arc three-sided edge are determined according to the radial depth dimension of a saddle-shaped groove, and the diameter of a corn milling cutter is determined according to the reasonable length-diameter ratio of the cutter in the milling machine.
And (3) finish machining, namely adopting a flow line profiling machining mode in fixed profile milling, determining the selection of the radius of the circular arc of the cutter according to the R angle size of the root part of the saddle-shaped groove, and the aim of machining is to ensure that the R angle of the root part is perfectly connected with the inclined plane and improve the surface roughness of the R angle.
And (3) machining and removing the residual allowance of 1mm on the single side of the first step of the straight hole (machining a straight hole symbol graph), wherein the straight hole part is very short at the moment, and only the tooth thickness follows the saddle-shaped part. Specific examples of the program are (siemens subsystem):
N05 G0 G90 G17 G54 G64 X0 Y0 Z2250 F300 S300 M03
n10r1=2000-30 (cylinder radius-working depth) r3=1500/2 (hole radius)
R7=0 (angular azimuth start) r8=0.1 (angular increment)
R10＝R3*COS(R7)
R11＝SQRT(POT(R1)-POT(R10))
N12 Z＝R11
N15 G1 G41 T1 D1 AP＝R7 RP＝R3
AA:
N20 R7＝R7+R8
N25 R10＝R3*COS(R7)
R11＝SQRT(POT(R1)-POT(R10))
N30 G03 AP＝R7 RP＝R3 Z＝R11 TURN＝0
N35 IF R7<360GOTOB AA
N40 G0 G40 X0 Y0
N45 Z2250
N50 M02
Step S4: and checking the numerical control program through simulation software of the VERICUT numerical control machine tool to ensure the accuracy of the program.
Step S5: and detecting the size precision of the workpiece by detecting the characteristic points through a machine tool.
The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present invention are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
In the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for a portion of this disclosure that is not described in detail in this embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for machining the saddle-shaped pipe hole groove with the large thickness and the large fall is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: establishing a space curved surface model by SIEMENS NX CAD/CAM software, and analyzing the overall shape of a workpiece to be processed to establish and analyze a workpiece digital model; establishing a cylinder body, establishing a cylinder with the hole diameter at the center of the hole where the saddle-shaped groove is located, and then calculating a difference between the cylinder body and the cylinder body; then, cutting off the existing model by half by using the rotation center line of the through hole and the section where the bus of the cylinder body is positioned; further, a saddle-shaped groove section position sketch is established on the existing section, and the section is swept along the intersecting line of the hole and the inner wall of the cylinder body by using a sweeping function; after the swept graph and the cylinder are subjected to difference, mirroring is carried out according to the trimmed cross section to obtain a complete saddle-shaped groove digital model;
s2: setting a process scheme according to the digital model established in the step S1; the step S2 further includes the steps of:
s21: dividing a processing stage; machining a large-diameter hole before machining a groove; processing the bevel character graph, wherein the R angle of the root part has residues; removing the residual part of the R angle of the root, and finishing the R angle of the root, namely finishing the R angle of the root to a consistent graph state;
s22: determining a processing machine tool;
s23: determining a processing method; the step S23 further includes the steps of:
s231: processing and removing the large diameter Kong Yuliang, wherein the unilateral allowance is 1mm;
s232: processing an inclined surface symbol graph; dividing the groove into four quadrants according to the large diameter characteristic of the groove and the dimension precision requirement of the tooth width; in the step S232, four quadrants are divided, and the third and fourth quadrants are processed through the mirror image processing of the first and second quadrant programs;
s233: removing R-angle residues at the root; selecting a small-diameter arc three-face edge milling cutter for back chipping treatment;
s234: finishing the R angle of the root;
s3: setting a CAM program according to the process scheme and determining a machining tool; dividing the space curved surface according to quadrants, and determining a processing cutter by combining the characteristics of the space curved surface, the size characteristics, the characteristics of the material to be processed, the selection of a processing method, the processing precision, the processing stability, the processing efficiency and the cutter track path; then respectively carrying out rough machining, semi-finishing machining and finishing machining; the rough machining and the semi-finishing machining adopt a machining mode of milling a deep machining profile, feeding is carried out according to an arc, axial feeding is carried out at the position of the shortest safe distance between layers, if the boring machine is used for machining, the diameters of a right-angle three-sided edge and an arc three-sided edge are determined according to the radial depth dimension of a saddle-shaped groove, and the diameter of a corn milling cutter is determined according to the reasonable length-diameter ratio of the cutter; the finish machining adopts a machining mode of profiling a flow line in fixed profile milling, the selection of the arc radius of a cutter is determined according to the R angle size of the root part of the saddle-shaped groove, and the surface roughness of the R angle is improved; in the finish machining process, the hole and the cylinder body are intersected to form a saddle-shaped curve, the saddle-shaped curve is arranged on the hole and the cylinder body, each point on the hole is expressed by polar coordinates, the polar coordinates are equal to X, Y coordinates, and r10=r3×cos (R7); z coordinates: r11=sqrt (POT (R1) -POT (R10)); wherein R1 represents a cylinder radius-machining depth; r3 represents a hole radius; r7 represents the angular orientation initiation;
s4: checking a numerical control program through simulation software of the VERICUT numerical control machine tool;
s5: and detecting the size precision of the workpiece by detecting the characteristic points through a machine tool.
2. The method for machining the saddle-shaped connecting pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop height according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the adopted processing machine tool is a three-axis linkage large-scale numerical control boring machine.
3. The method for machining the saddle-shaped connecting pipe hole groove with large thickness and large drop height according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the finish machining mode is streamline profiling integral machining.
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| US5437097A (en) * | 1993-06-01 | 1995-08-01 | Matsumoto Heavy Industry Co. Ltd. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing a cam shaft |
| CN1945477A (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2007-04-11 | 潘旭华 | Method for processing curve by numerical controlled machine tool |
| CN101710236B (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-05-04 | 中国第一重型机械股份公司 | Numerical-control processing method of multi-space hole welding groove on large-scale spherical space curved surface |
| CN101920453B (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2012-04-25 | 中国第一重型机械股份公司 | Method for machining spatial hole by using large ellipsoid on numerical control boring-milling machine |
| CN107975642B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2023-07-04 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | Boiler and pressure vessel cylinder-mounted large-caliber thick-wall connecting pipe and connecting method |
| CN112222497B (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-09-13 | 一重集团大连核电石化有限公司 | Method for processing large conical adapter space curved surface on three-axis linkage milling machine |
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