CN114377849A - Grading device and grading method for superfine metal chromium powder - Google Patents
Grading device and grading method for superfine metal chromium powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN114377849A CN114377849A CN202210028323.6A CN202210028323A CN114377849A CN 114377849 A CN114377849 A CN 114377849A CN 202210028323 A CN202210028323 A CN 202210028323A CN 114377849 A CN114377849 A CN 114377849A
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010333 wet classification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010334 sieve classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B15/00—Combinations of apparatus for separating solids from solids by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
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- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of special equipment for metal powder, in particular to a grading device for superfine metal chromium powder, which consists of an ultrasonic screen and a wet magnetic separator which are combined, wherein the wet magnetic separator consists of a dispersion tank and a receiver which are connected together by a bracket; the invention establishes the relationship between the particle size range of the metal chromium powder and the depth of the metal chromium powder in the liquid paraffin of the dispersion tank, extracts the liquid paraffin with different depths in the dispersion tank by utilizing the relationship between the particle size range of the metal chromium powder and the depth of the metal chromium powder in the liquid paraffin of the dispersion tank, subpackages the liquid paraffin containing the chromium powder with different particle sizes by utilizing the carrying tank, and obtains the superfine chromium powder with concentrated granularity graduation height after purifying the subpackaged liquid paraffin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special equipment for metal powder, in particular to a grading device and a grading method for superfine metal chromium powder.
Background
The superfine chromium powder has small size, large specific surface area, low content of gas and other impurities, concentrated and uniform particle size distribution, and the surface of metal parts or modified materials prepared from the superfine chromium powder has better performance, so the superfine chromium powder is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, ships, automobiles, metallurgy, chemical industry and the like.
However, the screening and classification of the ultra-fine chromium metal powder is very difficult, and since the average particle size is fine and the smallest particle can reach the nano size, the general mesh screen cannot perform the powder classification function, and the general industrial method for classifying the ultra-fine chromium metal powder comprises the following steps:
conventional sieve classification: the method adopts a mesh screen to grade powder, can grade powder with larger granularity in batches, but cannot grade ultra-fine powder accurately.
Ultrasonic classification method: the method is based on the conventional screening method and adds ultrasonic vibration, thereby promoting the efficiency of special equipment for metal powder and avoiding the adhesion of fine powder screening, but the method can not effectively screen the ultra-fine powder.
And (3) wet classification method: this method is to classify metal powder in liquid, and although it does not generate dust and cohesion as compared with the former two methods, it is not easy to achieve precise classification of powder.
The invention aims to improve the traditional wet classification method and overcome the defect that the metal powder cannot be classified accurately.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a grading device for superfine metal chromium powder, and designs a set of precise grading method for chromium powder on the basis of the device, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
grading device for superfine metal chromium powder
The grading device designed by the invention is formed by combining an ultrasonic screen and a wet magnetic separator, wherein the wet magnetic separator is formed by a dispersion tank and a receiver which are connected together by a bracket.
The dispersion tank is including being the hollow circular cylinder's jar body, be provided with the rotation axis of taking the rotary vane in the middle part cavity of the jar body, the top surface and the bottom surface of the jar body are provided with helmholtz coil respectively, keep away from the acceptor end on the jar body top surface and have seted up feed inlet and fluid infusion mouth, are close to the vertical slip discharge gate that is provided with of acceptor end on the jar body lateral wall, and jar body bottom surface is provided with the coarse fodder mouth.
A first sliding rail is arranged on the side, close to the adaptor, of the sliding discharge port, and a sliding strip with a liquid outlet hole is arranged inside the first sliding rail; the sliding strip can reciprocate along the straight line where the first sliding rail is under the driving of an external motor, and can also reciprocate along the radial straight line from the middle shaft of the tank body to the sliding discharge port.
The top of the adaptor is lower than the bottom of the tank body, and a plurality of liquid distributing grooves are arranged on the adaptor.
The inclination of dividing the cistern is 10 ~ 15, divides the high-end feed liquor end that is close to the dispersion jar of cistern, feed liquor end one side is provided with the second slide rail of taking the slider.
And a hose is connected between the liquid outlet hole on the sliding strip and the sliding block on the second sliding rail.
An ultrasonic oscillator is arranged between the bottom surface of the tank body and the bracket.
Furthermore, the bottom surface of the tank body is an inclined plane with an inclination angle of 10-15 degrees, and the end close to the adaptor is a low end.
Further, the height of the tank body is equal to the radius of the Helmholtz coil, a pressure relief hole is formed in the top surface of the tank body close to the end of the adaptor, and an observation window is formed in the side surface of the tank body.
Furthermore, grading plant is including being provided with the equalizer tube of adjusting the mouth, the equalizer tube passes through the connecting pipe and is connected with first slide rail bottom, and when the slip discharge gate was kept away from to the slip strip adjusting position, the intercommunication between dispersion jar, the cavity between first slide rail and the slip strip, connecting pipe and the equalizer tube constitutes a linker jointly.
Further, one side of the inside slip discharge gate of keeping away from of first slide rail is provided with a plurality of balls that can kick-back.
Further, a sealing valve is arranged at the end, close to the liquid outlet hole, of the hose.
Second, classification method
The method for grading the superfine chromium metal powder by using the grading device comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting raw chromium powder, and detecting the physical and chemical properties of the raw chromium powder;
s2, primarily screening the raw material chromium powder collected in the step S1 by using a 500-mesh ultrasonic screen to remove large-particle-size particles;
s3, initial adjustment
S3-1, closing a sealing valve on a hose of the wet magnetic separator; the sliding block is controlled by the motor to move to the highest point, and the sliding block and the first sliding rail keep a relatively slidable state with a cavity; respectively supplementing liquid paraffin into the tank body and the pressure equalizing pipe through the liquid supplementing port and the adjusting port, and exhausting air; after the liquid level of the liquid paraffin in the tank body and the pressure equalizing pipe is leveled, the sliding block is controlled to move to the highest point and is kept in a close-fitting and non-relative-sliding state with the first sliding rail; a power supply is turned on through a control panel, so that uniform magnetic fields are formed between Helmholtz coils on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dispersion tank; opening the rotating shaft to enable the liquid paraffin in the dispersion tank to flow slowly; keeping the ultrasonic oscillator on during powder classification;
s3-2, taking a small amount of chromium powder treated by the S2, drawing the chromium powder by an induced draft fan in the nitrogen atmosphere, and introducing the chromium powder into a feed inlet of a dispersion tank from an air inlet pipeline;
s3-3, gradually adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the Helmholtz coil, and recording the magnetic field intensity as the standard magnetic field intensity of the chromium powder of the batch when the chromium powder in the tank body is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin according to the design standard through the observation window;
s3-4, opening a sealing valve on a hose of the wet magnetic separator; controlling the sliding block to move by a pushing distance of 1-2 cm, and guiding liquid paraffin flowing out due to the movement of the sliding block to a liquid separation tank on a receiver connected with each collecting container through a hose;
s3-5, recording the relation between the particle size range and the paraffin liquid depth of chromium powder with different particle sizes under the standard magnetic field strength;
s3-6, opening the coarse material port, and emptying the liquid paraffin in the tank body;
s4, screening
S4-1, repeating the operation of the step S3-1; opening the Helmholtz coil at the standard magnetic field strength recorded in the step S3-3;
s4-2, taking the chromium powder treated in the step S2, and under the nitrogen atmosphere, drawing by a draught fan, and feeding the chromium powder into a feed inlet of a dispersion tank from an air inlet pipeline;
s4-3, when the chromium powder in the tank body is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin through the observation window, controlling the advancing distance of each movement of the sliding block according to the relation between the particle size range of the chromium powder and the liquid paraffin depth obtained in the step S3-5, and thus obtaining the liquid paraffin containing the chromium powder with different particle size ranges through screening;
and S4-4, removing the liquid paraffin obtained in the step S4-3 and ethanol respectively through azeotropy, collecting chromium powder, and recovering the liquid paraffin.
Further, in the step S3-3, the design criterion of the chromium powder dispersed in the liquid paraffin is determined as follows: under the condition that the depth of the chromium powder is 0.5-1 cm from the liquid level, no obvious chromium powder is distributed under the condition of visual observation.
Further, in the step S3-1, the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is 10-15 r/min, and the power of the ultrasonic oscillator is 1.5-2.75 kW.
Compared with the prior wet method for grading chromium powder, the method has the beneficial effects that:
the invention establishes the relationship between the particle size range of the metal chromium powder and the depth of the metal chromium powder in the liquid paraffin through the combined action of gravity, buoyancy and magnetic force, and obtains the chromium powder with different particle size ranges by extracting the liquid paraffin with different depths. Because the extraction depth of the liquid paraffin can be accurately controlled, the method can accurately classify the chromium powder with different grain diameters, and the obtained chromium powder has concentrated grain size distribution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a dispersion tank of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of ultrafine chromium powder sieved in example 4 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-wet magnetic separator, 11-dispersing tank, 111-tank body, 1111-feed inlet, 1112-liquid supplementing port, 1113-sliding discharge port, 11131-first slide rail, 11132-slide bar, 111321-liquid outlet hole, 1114-pressure relief hole, 1115-coarse material port, 1116-observation window, 112-rotating shaft, 1121-rotating vane, 113-Helmholtz coil, 12-adaptor, 121-liquid separating tank, 1211-liquid inlet end, 122-second slide rail, 1221-sliding block, 123-hose, 1231-sealing valve, 13-bracket, 14-ultrasonic oscillator, 15-pressure equalizing pipe, 151-regulating port and 16-connecting pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the manner and effect of the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the examples and experimental examples.
Example 1
Example 1 mainly illustrates the structure of the wet magnetic separator for classifying ultra-fine chromium metal powder according to the present invention, and the specific contents are as follows:
as shown in figures 1 and 2, the grading device designed by the invention is formed by combining an ultrasonic screen and a wet magnetic separator 1, wherein the wet magnetic separator 1 is formed by a dispersion tank 11 and an adapter 12 which are connected together by a bracket 13.
The dispersion tank 11 comprises a hollow cylindrical tank body 111, a rotating shaft 112 with a rotating blade 1121 is arranged in a cavity in the middle of the tank body 111, Helmholtz coils 113 are respectively arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the tank body 111, a feed inlet 1111 and a fluid infusion port 1112 are formed in the end, far away from the adaptor 12, of the top surface of the tank body 111, a sliding discharge outlet 1113 is vertically formed in the side wall of the tank body 111, close to the adaptor 12, and a coarse material port 1115 is formed in the bottom surface of the tank body 111.
A first sliding rail 11131 is arranged on the sliding discharge hole 1113 close to the adaptor 12, and a sliding bar 11132 with a liquid outlet hole 111321 is arranged inside the first sliding rail 11131; the sliding bar 11132 can reciprocate along the straight line of the first sliding rail 11131 under the driving of the external motor, and can also reciprocate along the radial straight line from the central axis of the tank 111 to the sliding discharge hole 1113.
The top of the receiving device 12 is lower than the bottom of the tank 111, and a plurality of liquid separating tanks 121 are arranged on the receiving device.
The inclination angle of the liquid separating groove 121 is 10 degrees, the high end of the liquid separating groove 121 close to the dispersing tank 11 is a liquid inlet 1211, and a second slide rail 122 with a slide block 1221 is arranged on one side of the liquid inlet 1211.
A hose 123 is connected between the liquid outlet 111321 on the sliding strip 11132 and the sliding block 1221 on the second sliding rail 122.
An ultrasonic oscillator 14 is arranged between the bottom surface of the tank 111 and the bracket 13.
Specifically, the bottom surface of the tank 111 is an inclined surface with an inclination angle of 10 °, and the end close to the adaptor 12 is a lower end.
Specifically, the height of the tank 111 is equal to the radius of the helmholtz coil 113, a pressure relief hole 1114 is formed in the top surface of the tank 111 near the end of the receptacle 12, and an observation window 1116 is formed in the side surface of the tank 111.
Specifically, the grading device comprises a pressure equalizing pipe 15 provided with an adjusting port 151, the pressure equalizing pipe 15 is connected with the bottom end of a first sliding rail 11131 through a connecting pipe 16, and when the adjusting position of a sliding bar 11132 is far away from a sliding discharge port 1113, the dispersion tank 11, a cavity between the first sliding rail 11131 and the sliding bar 11132, the connecting pipe 16 and the pressure equalizing pipe 15 are communicated to form a communicating vessel together.
Specifically, a plurality of reboundable balls are arranged on one side, away from the sliding discharge hole 1113, of the first sliding rail 11131.
Specifically, the end of the hose 123 close to the liquid outlet 111321 is provided with a sealing valve 1231.
Example 2
Example 2 is the same as example 1 except that:
the inclination angle of the liquid separating groove 121 is 15 degrees, the high end of the liquid separating groove 121 close to the dispersing tank 11 is a liquid inlet 1211, and a second slide rail 122 with a slide block 1221 is arranged on one side of the liquid inlet 1211.
The bottom surface of the tank 111 is an inclined plane with an inclination angle of 15 degrees, and the end close to the adaptor 12 is a lower end.
Example 3
Example 3 is described based on the structure of the device in example 1, and is intended to illustrate the classification method of the wet magnetic separator 1 designed by the invention, and the specific contents are as follows:
s1, collecting the raw material chromium powder prepared by using an aluminothermic reduction method, and detecting the physical and chemical properties of the raw material chromium powder;
s2, primarily screening the raw material chromium powder collected in the step S1 by using a 500-mesh ultrasonic screen to remove large-particle-size particles;
s3, initial adjustment
S3-1, closing a sealing valve 1231 on a hose 123 of the wet magnetic separator 1; the sliding block 11132 is controlled by the motor to move to the highest point, and the sliding block and the first sliding rail 11131 keep a relatively slidable state with a cavity; respectively replenishing liquid paraffin into the tank body 111 and the pressure equalizing pipe 15 through a liquid replenishing port 1112 and an adjusting port 151, and discharging air; after the liquid level of the liquid paraffin in the tank 111 and the pressure equalizing pipe 15 is leveled, the sliding block 11132 is controlled to move to the highest point, and the sliding block is kept in a close-fitting and non-relatively-sliding state with the first sliding rail 11131; the power supply is turned on through the control panel, so that a uniform magnetic field is formed between the Helmholtz coils 113 on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dispersion tank 11; the rotating shaft 112 is turned on to make the liquid paraffin in the dispersion tank 11 slowly flow; keeping the ultrasonic oscillator 14 on during the powder classification;
s3-2, taking a small amount of chromium powder treated by the S2, drawing the chromium powder by an induced draft fan in a nitrogen atmosphere, and introducing the chromium powder into a feed inlet 1111 of the dispersion tank 111 from an air inlet pipeline; according to weight percentage, 35 percent of chromium powder and 65 percent of liquid paraffin;
s3-3, gradually adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the Helmholtz coil 113, and recording the magnetic field intensity at the moment as the standard magnetic field intensity of the chromium powder of the batch when the chromium powder in the tank body 111 is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin according to the design standard through the observation window 1116: 1.1T;
s3-4, opening a sealing valve 1231 on a hose 123 of the wet magnetic separator 1; controlling the slide block 11132 to move by a 2cm advancing distance, and guiding the liquid paraffin flowing out due to the movement of the slide block 11132 to the liquid diversion groove 121 on the receiver 12 connected to each collection container through the hose 123;
s3-5, recording the relationship between the particle size range and the paraffin liquid depth of chromium powder with different particle sizes under the magnetic field strength of 1.1T, and referring to Table 1 in detail;
TABLE 1 relationship between the particle size range of chromium particles and the depth of paraffin liquid in example 3
| Paraffin liquid depth (cm) | Particle size range (μm) of chromium powder | Particle size distribution (%) |
| 0～5 | ＜3 | D97 |
| 5～20 | 3～5 | D97 |
| 20～30 | 3～5 | D90 |
| 30～40 | 5～7 | D97 |
| 40～50 | 5～7 | D90 |
| 50～60 | 7～9 | D90 |
| 60～70 | 7～9 | D50 |
| 70～80 | 9～10 | D90 |
| 80～90 | ＞10 | D50 |
| 90～100 | ＞10 | D90 |
S3-6, opening the coarse material port 1115, and emptying the liquid paraffin in the tank 111;
s4, screening
S4-1, repeating the operation of the step S3-1; turning on the Helmholtz coil 113 at the standard magnetic field strength recorded in step S3-3;
s4-2, taking the chromium powder treated in the step S2, and under the nitrogen atmosphere, drawing by a draught fan, and feeding the chromium powder into a feed inlet 1111 of the dispersion tank 111 from an air inlet pipeline;
s4-3, when the chromium powder in the tank body 111 is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin through the observation window 1116, the relationship between the particle size range of the chromium powder and the liquid depth of the paraffin is obtained according to the step S3-5, the advancing distance of each movement of the sliding block 11132 is controlled, and the liquid paraffin containing the chromium powder with different particle size ranges is obtained through screening;
and S4-4, removing the liquid paraffin obtained in the step S4-3 and ethanol respectively through azeotropy, collecting chromium powder, and recovering the liquid paraffin.
Specifically, in the step S3-3, the design criterion for determining that the chromium powder is dispersed in the liquid paraffin is as follows: under the depth of 1cm from the liquid level, no obvious chromium powder is distributed under the observation of naked eyes.
Specifically, in the step S3-1, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 112 is 10r/min, and the power of the ultrasonic oscillator 14 is 1 kW.
Example 4
Example 4 is based on the method described in example 3, and aims to illustrate the classification results of different raw chromium powders under different set parameters, and the specific contents are as follows:
s1, collecting the raw material chromium powder prepared by using an aluminothermic reduction method, and detecting the physical and chemical properties of the raw material chromium powder;
s2, primarily screening the raw material chromium powder collected in the step S1 by using a 500-mesh ultrasonic screen to remove large-particle-size particles;
s3, initial adjustment
S3-1, closing a sealing valve 1231 on a hose 123 of the wet magnetic separator 1; the sliding block 11132 is controlled by the motor to move to the highest point, and the sliding block and the first sliding rail 11131 keep a relatively slidable state with a cavity; respectively replenishing liquid paraffin into the tank body 111 and the pressure equalizing pipe 15 through a liquid replenishing port 1112 and an adjusting port 151, and discharging air; after the liquid level of the liquid paraffin in the tank 111 and the pressure equalizing pipe 15 is leveled, the sliding block 11132 is controlled to move to the highest point, and the sliding block is kept in a close-fitting and non-relatively-sliding state with the first sliding rail 11131; the power supply is turned on through the control panel, so that a uniform magnetic field is formed between the Helmholtz coils 113 on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dispersion tank 11; the rotating shaft 112 is turned on to make the liquid paraffin in the dispersion tank 11 slowly flow; keeping the ultrasonic oscillator 14 on during the powder classification;
s3-2, taking a small amount of chromium powder treated by the S2, drawing the chromium powder by an induced draft fan in a nitrogen atmosphere, and introducing the chromium powder into a feed inlet 1111 of the dispersion tank 111 from an air inlet pipeline; 40 percent of chromium powder and 60 percent of liquid paraffin according to weight percentage;
s3-3, gradually adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the Helmholtz coil 113, and recording the magnetic field intensity at the moment as the standard magnetic field intensity of the chromium powder of the batch when the chromium powder in the tank body 111 is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin according to the design standard through the observation window 1116: 1.5T;
s3-4, opening a sealing valve 1231 on a hose 123 of the wet magnetic separator 1; controlling the sliding block 11132 to move by a 1cm advancing distance, and guiding the liquid paraffin flowing out due to the movement of the sliding block 11132 to the liquid diversion groove 121 on the receiver 12 connected with each collecting container through the hose 123;
s3-5, recording the relationship between the particle size range and the paraffin liquid depth of chromium powder with different particle sizes under the magnetic field strength of 1.5T, and detailed in Table 2;
TABLE 2 relationship between the particle size range of chromium particles and the depth of paraffin liquid in example 4
| Paraffin liquid depth (cm) | Particle size range (μm) of chromium powder | Particle size distribution (%) |
| 0～5 | ＜3 | D97 |
| 5～15 | 3～5 | |
| 15～25 | 3～5 | D90 |
| 25～35 | 5～7 | D97 |
| 35～45 | 5～7 | D90 |
| 45～60 | 7～9 | D90 |
| 60～70 | 7～9 | D50 |
| 70～80 | 9～10 | D90 |
| 80～90 | ＞10 | D50 |
| 90～100 | ＞10 | D90 |
S3-6, opening the coarse material port 1115, and emptying the liquid paraffin in the tank 111;
s4, screening
S4-1, repeating the operation of the step S3-1; turning on the Helmholtz coil 113 at the standard magnetic field strength recorded in step S3-3;
s4-2, taking the chromium powder treated in the step S2, and under the nitrogen atmosphere, drawing by a draught fan, and feeding the chromium powder into a feed inlet 1111 of the dispersion tank 111 from an air inlet pipeline;
s4-3, when the chromium powder in the tank body 111 is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin through the observation window 1116, the relationship between the particle size range of the chromium powder and the liquid depth of the paraffin is obtained according to the step S3-5, the advancing distance of each movement of the sliding block 11132 is controlled, and the liquid paraffin containing the chromium powder with different particle size ranges is obtained through screening;
and S4-4, removing the liquid paraffin obtained in the step S4-3 and ethanol respectively through azeotropy, collecting chromium powder, and recovering the liquid paraffin.
Specifically, in the step S3-3, the design criterion for determining that the chromium powder is dispersed in the liquid paraffin is as follows: under the depth of 0.5cm from the liquid level, no obvious chromium powder distribution is observed by naked eyes.
Specifically, in the step S3-1, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 112 is 15r/min, and the power of the ultrasonic oscillator 14 is 1.5 kW.
Examples of the experiments
The experimental example is described based on the chromium powder classification method described in example 4, and aims to test the specific performance of the sieved ultrafine chromium powder (particle size < 3 μm).
Samples were taken three times from the ultrafine chromium powder (particle size < 3 μm) prepared in example 4 and are designated as group 1, group 2 and group 3, respectively, and the specific chromium powder components and particle sizes are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Properties of ultrafine chromium powder (particle size < 3 μm)
As can be seen from the data in table 3, the ultrafine chromium powder obtained by classifying the chromium powder prepared by the electrolytic method using the classification method described in example 4 has a small impurity content, a concentrated particle size distribution, and superior performance to the ultrafine chromium powder obtained by the conventional screening method.
Claims (10)
1. A grading device for superfine metal chromium powder is formed by combining an ultrasonic screen and a wet magnetic separator (1), and is characterized in that the wet magnetic separator (1) is formed by a dispersing tank (11) and a receiver (12) which are connected together by a bracket (13);
the dispersing tank (11) comprises a hollow cylindrical tank body (111), a rotating shaft (112) with a rotating blade (1121) is arranged in a cavity in the middle of the tank body (111), Helmholtz coils (113) are respectively arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the tank body (111), a feed inlet (1111) and a liquid supplementing port (1112) are formed in the end, far away from the adaptor (12), of the top surface of the tank body (111), a sliding discharge outlet (1113) is vertically formed in the side wall of the tank body (111) and close to the adaptor (12), and a coarse material outlet (1115) is formed in the bottom surface of the tank body (111);
a first sliding rail (11131) is arranged on the sliding discharge hole (1113) close to the adaptor (12), and a sliding strip (11132) with a liquid outlet hole (111321) is arranged in the first sliding rail (11131); the sliding bar (11132) can reciprocate along the straight line of the first sliding rail (11131) under the driving of an external motor and can also reciprocate along the radial straight line from the central axis of the tank body (111) to the sliding discharge hole (1113);
the top of the receiver (12) is lower than the bottom of the tank body (111), and a plurality of liquid separating tanks (121) are arranged on the receiver;
the inclination angle of the liquid separating tank (121) is 10-15 degrees, the high end of the liquid separating tank (121) close to the dispersing tank (11) is a liquid inlet end (1211), and a second sliding rail (122) with a sliding block (1221) is arranged on one side of the liquid inlet end (1211);
a hose (123) is connected between the liquid outlet (111321) on the sliding strip (11132) and the sliding block (1221) on the second sliding rail (122);
an ultrasonic oscillator (14) is arranged between the bottom surface of the tank body (111) and the bracket (13).
2. The classification apparatus for chromium ultra-fine metal powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of said pot (111) is a slope with an inclination angle of 10-15 °, and the end near the receptacle (12) is a lower end.
3. The classification apparatus for chromium ultra-fine metal powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of said can (111) is equal to the radius of Helmholtz coil (113), the top surface of can (111) near the end of said receptacle (12) is provided with a pressure relief hole (1114), and the side surface of can (111) is provided with a viewing window (1116).
4. The classification apparatus for chromium ultra-fine metal powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein said classification apparatus comprises a pressure equalizing tube (15) having an adjusting port (151), said pressure equalizing tube (15) is connected to the bottom end of the first sliding rail (11131) through a connecting tube (16), when the adjusting position of the sliding bar (11132) is far from the sliding discharge port (1113), the dispersion tank (11), the cavity between the first sliding rail (11131) and the sliding bar (11132), the connecting tube (16), and the pressure equalizing tube (15) are communicated to form a communicating vessel.
5. The classification apparatus for chromium ultra-fine metal powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of resilient balls are provided at a side of the inside of said first sliding rail (11131) far from said sliding discharge hole (1113).
6. The classification apparatus for chromium ultra-fine metal powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein said hose (123) is provided with a sealing valve (1231) near the end of the liquid outlet hole (111321).
7. The classifying apparatus for ultra-fine metallic chromium powder according to claim 1, wherein a power source, a motor for driving the rotary shaft (112) is provided in the lower bracket (13) of the dispersion tank (1).
8. The method for grading the ultrafine metallic chromium powder by using the device of any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting raw chromium powder, and detecting the physical and chemical properties of the raw chromium powder;
s2, primarily screening the raw material chromium powder collected in the step S1 by using a 500-mesh ultrasonic screen to remove large-particle-size particles;
s3, initial adjustment
S3-1, closing a sealing valve (1231) on a hose (123) of the wet magnetic separator (1); the sliding block (11132) is controlled by the motor to move to the highest point, and the sliding block and the first sliding rail (11131) keep a relatively slidable state with a cavity; liquid paraffin is respectively supplemented into the tank body (111) and the pressure equalizing pipe (15) through the liquid supplementing port (1112) and the adjusting port (151), and air is exhausted; after the liquid levels of the liquid paraffin in the tank body (111) and the pressure equalizing pipe (15) are leveled, the sliding block (11132) is controlled to move to the highest point and keep a close-fitting and non-relative-sliding state with the first sliding rail (11131); a power supply is turned on through a control panel, so that uniform magnetic fields are formed between Helmholtz coils (113) on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dispersion tank (11); opening the rotating shaft (112) to enable the liquid paraffin in the dispersion tank (11) to flow slowly; keeping the ultrasonic oscillator (14) on during the powder classification;
s3-2, taking a small amount of chromium powder treated by the S2, drawing the chromium powder by an induced draft fan in a nitrogen atmosphere, and introducing the chromium powder into a feed inlet (1111) of a dispersion tank (111) from an air inlet pipeline;
s3-3, gradually adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the Helmholtz coil (113), and recording the magnetic field intensity at the moment as the standard magnetic field intensity of the chromium powder of the batch when the chromium powder in the tank body (111) is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin according to the design standard through the observation window (1116);
s3-4, opening a sealing valve (1231) on a hose (123) of the wet magnetic separator (1); controlling the sliding block (11132) to move by a pushing distance of 1-2 cm, and guiding the liquid paraffin flowing out due to the movement of the sliding block (11132) to a liquid separation tank (121) on a receiver (12) connected with each collecting container through a hose (123);
s3-5, recording the relation between the particle size range and the paraffin liquid depth of chromium powder with different particle sizes under the standard magnetic field strength;
s3-6, opening the coarse material port (1115), and emptying the liquid paraffin in the tank body (111);
s4, screening
S4-1, repeating the operation of the step S3-1; opening the Helmholtz coil (113) at the standard magnetic field strength recorded in the step S3-3;
s4-2, taking the chromium powder treated in the step S2, and under the nitrogen atmosphere, drawing by a draught fan, and feeding the chromium powder into a feed inlet (1111) of a dispersion tank (111) from an air inlet pipeline;
s4-3, when the chromium powder in the tank body (111) is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin through the observation window (1116), the relation between the particle size range of the chromium powder and the liquid depth of the paraffin is obtained according to the step S3-5, the advancing distance of each movement of the sliding block (11132) is controlled, and the liquid paraffin containing the chromium powder with different particle size ranges is obtained through screening;
and S4-4, removing the liquid paraffin obtained in the step S4-3 and ethanol respectively through azeotropy, collecting chromium powder, and recovering the liquid paraffin.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in step S3-3, the design criteria for dispersing chromium powder in liquid paraffin is determined as follows: under the condition that the depth of the chromium powder is 0.5-1 cm from the liquid level, no obvious chromium powder is distributed under the condition of visual observation.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein in step S3-1, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft (112) is 10-15 r/min, and the power of the ultrasonic oscillator (14) is 1.0-1.5 kW.
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