CN114375206A - Medical adhesive tape or sheet - Google Patents
Medical adhesive tape or sheet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114375206A CN114375206A CN202080063099.3A CN202080063099A CN114375206A CN 114375206 A CN114375206 A CN 114375206A CN 202080063099 A CN202080063099 A CN 202080063099A CN 114375206 A CN114375206 A CN 114375206A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive tape
- sheet
- medical
- fabric
- adhesive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003522 acrylic cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 fatty acid sorbitan ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 17
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 9
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 6
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004147 Sorbitan trioleate Substances 0.000 description 3
- PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N Sorbitan trioleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005822 acrylic binder Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019337 sorbitan trioleate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960000391 sorbitan trioleate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N1CC1CO1 OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-2-n,2-n-diethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(N)=CC(Cl)=N1 XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000003251 Pruritus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010040880 Skin irritation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMKRHZKQPFCLLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl myristate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC MMKRHZKQPFCLLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007803 itching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GHBFNMLVSPCDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO GHBFNMLVSPCDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036556 skin irritation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000475 skin irritation Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229940035044 sorbitan monolaurate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilaurin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSCSROFYRUZJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxyethane-1,2-diol Chemical compound COC(O)CO CSCSROFYRUZJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVYMWJFNQQOJBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octanoyloxypropan-2-yl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC OVYMWJFNQQOJBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHTZMGCAFZLFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14-methylpentadecyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C PHTZMGCAFZLFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNAYPSWVMNJOPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(16-methylheptadecanoyloxy)propyl 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C JNAYPSWVMNJOPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFOQWQKDSMIPHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=N1 XFOQWQKDSMIPHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OATHWIHWTWDNLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(16-methylheptadecanoyloxy)propyl 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C OATHWIHWTWDNLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHYCMHWTYHPIQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1-methoxyethanol Chemical compound COC(O)COCCO YHYCMHWTYHPIQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYEWHONLFGZGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1,3-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propan-2-yloxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCC(OCC1OC1)COCC1CO1 SYEWHONLFGZGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NFIHXTUNNGIYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-decanoyloxypropyl decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC NFIHXTUNNGIYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GECRRQVLQHRVNH-MRCUWXFGSA-N 2-octyldodecyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC GECRRQVLQHRVNH-MRCUWXFGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGRXBNZMPMGLQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octyldodecyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCC BGRXBNZMPMGLQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYIOIHBNJMVSBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=C(OC(=O)C=C)C=CC2=C1 YYIOIHBNJMVSBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBIUWALDKXACEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[bis(2,4-dioxopentan-3-yl)alumanyl]pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)[Al](C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O)C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O XBIUWALDKXACEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl adipate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCC XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDQWESQEGGJUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl adipate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC(C)C ZDQWESQEGGJUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004772 Sontara Substances 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAECOWNUKCLBPZ-HIUWNOOHSA-N Triolein Natural products O([C@H](OCC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)C(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC BAECOWNUKCLBPZ-HIUWNOOHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioleoylglycerol Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005448 ethoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GQXQIRNPJBUEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-7-yl 2,2-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(CCCCCC)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CCCCCC GQXQIRNPJBUEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJNUECKWDBNFJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC XJNUECKWDBNFJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PIUVNPNBPWVVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC PIUVNPNBPWVVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940073665 octyldodecyl myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEOZOXKVMDBOSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C NEOZOXKVMDBOSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940116422 propylene glycol dicaprate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000434 stratum corneum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)O BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricaprin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VLPFTAMPNXLGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctanoin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC VLPFTAMPNXLGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/02—Adhesive bandages or dressings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/20—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing organic materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a medical adhesive tape or sheet having an adhesive layer on at least one surface of a woven fabric, wherein the adhesive layer contains an acrylic adhesive having carboxyl groups in the molecule and at least a part of the carboxyl groups are neutralized, and the bulk density of the woven fabric is 0.15g/cm, and an organic liquid component3～0.40g/cm3。
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a medical adhesive tape or sheet for attachment to the skin.
Background
Medical pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes or sheets are used for the purpose of protecting the skin surface by sticking to the skin surface or fixing medical tubes, catheters, medical equipment, and the like to the skin surface.
Such medical pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes or sheets use woven fabrics (cloths) as the base material for reasons such as economy and low cost (see patent document 1). A medical pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet using a woven fabric as a substrate is generally produced by directly applying a pressure-sensitive adhesive solution obtained by mixing a pressure-sensitive adhesive with a solvent such as an organic solvent onto a woven fabric as a substrate.
However, in the above-described manufacturing method, the adhesive solution may penetrate from the back surface of the fabric. Further, when a web obtained by applying a binder solution to the web is formed into a long roll-shaped adhesive tape (hereinafter, referred to as a half-roll (ログロール)) wound into a core and then subjected to heat aging for stabilizing characteristics, a roll gap (web き) may be generated in the half-roll after the heat aging. Therefore, a part of the raw roll may be deformed (uneven surface) to cause poor appearance.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent application laid-open No. 2010-082102
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a medical adhesive tape or sheet which, in a method for producing a medical adhesive tape or sheet using a fabric as a substrate, can prevent the adhesive solution from penetrating from the back surface of the fabric even when the adhesive solution is directly applied to the fabric, and does not cause voids between rolls or the like in a roll blank even when heat aging is performed after the roll blank is formed into a roll blank, and has a good appearance.
Means for solving the problems
The present inventors have conducted extensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, have found that the above problems can be solved by a medical pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet having a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer containing an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive having a carboxyl group in the molecule and at least a part of the carboxyl group being neutralized, and an organic liquid component on at least one surface of a woven fabric, and have completed the present invention,
the present invention based on the above findings is as follows.
(1) A medical adhesive tape or sheet comprising a fabric and, superimposed on at least one surface thereof, an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer contains an acrylic adhesive and an organic liquid component, the acrylic adhesive has a carboxyl group in a molecule, at least a part of the carboxyl group is neutralized, and the fabric has a bulk density of 0.15g/cm3～0.40g/cm3。
(2) The adhesive tape or sheet for medical use according to the above (1), wherein the bulk density of the woven fabric is 0.30g/cm3～0.40g/cm3。
(3) The medical adhesive tape or sheet according to (1) or (2), wherein the content of the organic liquid component in the adhesive layer is 20 to 120 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the acrylic adhesive.
(4) The adhesive tape or sheet for medical use according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the organic liquid component is a fatty acid glyceride or a fatty acid sorbitan ester.
(5) The medical adhesive tape or sheet according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein 1/5 to 1/1 of carboxyl groups in the acrylic adhesive are neutralized.
(6) The medical adhesive tape or sheet according to any one of (1) to (5) above, wherein the content of the monomer having a carboxyl group in the molecule is 1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the total monomers constituting the acrylic adhesive.
(7) The adhesive tape or sheet for medical use according to any one of (1) to (6) above, wherein the air permeability of the woven fabric is 0.6 seconds or less.
(8) A medical adhesive tape or sheet roll, which is formed by winding the medical adhesive tape or sheet according to any one of the above (1) to (7).
Effects of the invention
With the medical adhesive tape or sheet according to the embodiment of the present invention, even if the adhesive solution is directly applied to the fabric, the adhesive solution can be prevented from penetrating from the back surface of the fabric.
Further, since good adhesiveness (anchoring property) can be provided between the fabric and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, it is possible to prevent troubles such as adhesive residue from occurring when the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet for medical treatment is peeled off after being stuck to the skin.
Further, even if heat aging for stabilizing the characteristics is performed after the molding into the half-finished roll, the half-finished roll does not generate a roll interlayer gap or the like, and appearance defects such as deformation of a part of the half-finished roll (generation of irregularities on the surface) can be suppressed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph showing the appearance of the wound body of medical adhesive tape obtained in example 2.
Fig. 2 is a photograph showing the appearance of the wound body of medical adhesive tape obtained in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments.
One embodiment of the present invention is a medical adhesive tape or sheet having an adhesive layer on at least one surface of a woven fabric, wherein the adhesive layer contains an acrylic adhesive having carboxyl groups in the molecule and at least a part of the carboxyl groups being neutralized, and an organic liquid component, and the bulk density of the woven fabric is 0.15g/cm3～0.40g/cm3。
The fabric in the present embodiment is a cloth-like material such as woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or knitted fabric. Among the above fabrics, the non-woven fabric is a fabric made by gluing or entangling fibers by heat, mechanical action or chemical action. Therefore, the nonwoven fabric is preferably used because the generation of the open yarn (ほつれ) is small and the cost is low.
In addition, the above-mentioned fabric has a porous structure, and thus when the binder solution is directly coated on the fabric, the binder solution easily permeates into the inside of the fabric having a porous structure. Therefore, the obtained medical adhesive tape or sheet can impart good adhesiveness (anchoring property) between the fabric and the adhesive layer.
As a material of the fabric, for example, natural fibers such as cotton (cotton), silk, hemp, pulp, wool, and the like; synthetic fibers of polyesters (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, etc.), polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), polyamides (e.g., nylon, etc.), acrylic resins, polyurethanes, etc.; semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate fibers; rayon fibers, regenerated fibers such as cuprammonium fibers, and the like.
One kind of material selected from the above-mentioned materials may be used alone, or two or more kinds of materials may be used in combination. In the woven fabric including a collection of a plurality of fibers, the material of all the fibers in the woven fabric may be the same, or fibers including different materials may be blended to form the woven fabric.
The present invention is characterized in that the bulk density of the woven fabric in the present embodiment is 0.15g/cm3～0.40g/cm3. The upper limit of the bulk density of the fabric is preferably 0.39g/cm3More preferably 0.38g/cm3. Further, the lower limit of the bulk density of the fabric is preferably 0.20g/cm3More preferably 0.30g/cm3。
The thickness of the woven fabric in the present embodiment is preferably 30 to 300 μm. The upper limit of the thickness of the fabric is more preferably 250 μm, and still more preferably 200 μm. The lower limit of the thickness of the fabric is more preferably 40 μm, and still more preferably 50 μm.
The upper limit of the basis weight of the fabric is preferably 100g/m2More preferably 80g/m2. The lower limit of the basis weight of the fabric is preferably 10g/m2More preferably 20g/m2. Basis weight of the fabric means 1m per unit2The weight of the fabric.
The bulk density (g/cm) of the woven fabric in the present embodiment3) By mixing the basis weight (g/m) of the fabric2) Divided by the thickness (. mu.m). By setting the bulk density of the fabric to 0.15g/cm3～0.40g/cm3In the step of producing the medical adhesive tape or sheet, even if heat aging for stabilizing the properties is performed after the tape or sheet is molded into a half-finished roll, the half-finished roll does not cause a roll interlayer gap or the like, and appearance defects such as deformation of a part of the half-finished roll (irregularities on the surface) can be suppressed.
The air permeability of the fabric is preferably 0.6 seconds or less. If the air permeability of the fabric is 0.6 seconds or less, even if the roll blank is heat-aged, the formation of inter-roll gaps in the roll blank can be reduced, and appearance defects such as partial deformation (so-called thickness variation) of the roll blank can be reduced.
The air permeability in the present embodiment means that 8 pieces of fabric were laminated and measured by a gurley type air permeability measuring instrument at 642.10mm intervals2Area (diameter of 28.6 mm. phi.) value obtained by passing 100cc of air over time (test conditions: temperature 23 ℃ C.. + -. 2 ℃ C., humidity 65%. + -. 5% RH).
The woven fabric in the present embodiment generally has a sheet-like shape having two main surfaces, and has a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on at least one of the two main surfaces. The fabric may have an adhesive layer on one side or both sides of the fabric.
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in the present embodiment is characterized by having an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive having carboxyl groups in the molecule and at least a part of the carboxyl groups being neutralized, and an organic liquid component.
The acrylic adhesive having a carboxyl group in the molecule contains a monomer having a carboxyl group in the molecule as an indispensable component. Examples of the monomer having a carboxyl group in the molecule include: (meth) acrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid (anhydride), and the like. Among them, (meth) acrylic acid is preferably used from the viewpoint of copolymerizability, workability, and the like.
As a monomer copolymerizable with a monomer having a carboxyl group in the molecule, an alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer can be used. The alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer is a component for imparting adhesiveness of the adhesive layer to the skin, and is effective when an alkyl (meth) acrylate in which the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 4 to 18, and even more preferably 6 to 16 is used.
Specific examples of the alkyl (meth) acrylate include: the alkyl group is an alkyl (meth) acrylate such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, isononyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, etc. Among them, alkyl (meth) acrylates in which the alkyl group is 2-ethylhexyl or isononyl are preferably used. These alkyl (meth) acrylates may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the alkyl ester chain may be either a straight chain or a branched chain.
Acrylic adhesives also have the advantages of less contamination with impurities, less skin irritation, and less tendency to cause a decrease in adhesive strength even when they are applied for a long period of time, as compared with rubber adhesives.
The upper limit of the content of the monomer having a carboxyl group in the molecule is preferably 20 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the total monomers constituting the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive.
The lower limit of the content of the monomer having a carboxyl group in the molecule is preferably 1 part by mass, and more preferably 3 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total monomers constituting the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive. When the content of the monomer having a carboxyl group in the molecule is within the above range, excellent cohesive force can be imparted to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer can be inhibited from remaining in a tacky state or the like and also inhibited from being irritated by the skin.
In the acrylic adhesive in the present embodiment, in addition to the above-mentioned monomers, other monomers may be copolymerized within a range not to impair adhesive properties. Examples of such monomers include: sulfonyloxy group-containing monomers such as styrenesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acryloyloxynaphthalenesulfonic acid, and acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid; hydroxyl group-containing monomers such as hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate; amide group-containing monomers such as (meth) acrylamide, dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, and N-methylol propane (meth) acrylamide; amino group-containing monomers such as aminoethyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, and t-butylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate; alkoxyalkyl group-containing monomers such as methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate and ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate; alkoxy group-containing monomers such as methoxyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxydiethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, and methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate; and vinyl monomers such as (meth) acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and vinyl pyrrolidone. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, as required.
At least a part of the carboxyl groups of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive in the present embodiment are neutralized. For example, in an acrylic adhesive having a carboxyl group in the molecule, 1/5 to 1/1 of the carboxyl group is preferably neutralized. Herein, the 1/5-1/1 neutralized carboxyl groups mean that the ratio of the number of moles of neutralized carboxyl groups in a molecule to the number of moles of all carboxyl groups in the molecule is 1/5-1/1. In other words, the ratio of the amount of the base added to the amount of the base required for neutralizing all carboxyl groups is 1/5 to 1/1. 1/1 in the case where all carboxyl groups in the molecule are exactly neutralized.
Examples of the material used for neutralizing the above carboxyl group include: amines such as ammonia and triethanolamine, and hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.
In the acrylic binder having a carboxyl group in the molecule, at least a part of the carboxyl group is neutralized, whereby water can be mixed into the binder organic solvent solution, and an aqueous acrylic binder solution can be obtained. Therefore, the viscosity of the binder organic solvent solution can be increased. Thus, even if the adhesive solution is directly applied to the fabric, the penetration of the adhesive solution from the back surface of the fabric can be suppressed.
The amount of water to be mixed into the binder organic solvent solution may be appropriately adjusted depending on the target viscosity, and is, for example, preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 40 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the binder organic solvent solution. When the amount of water added is less than 1 part by mass, an effective increase in viscosity cannot be obtained, and when the amount of water added is more than 50 parts by mass, the binder organic solvent solution may be insoluble.
The acrylic adhesive in the present embodiment can be obtained by a known polymerization method such as a solution polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, or a suspension polymerization method. The polymer can be obtained by radical polymerization using a radical polymerization initiator such as a peroxide compound or an azo compound.
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in the present embodiment contains an organic liquid component. This component imparts flexibility to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, exhibits good adhesiveness to the skin surface, and imparts the property of being less likely to damage the stratum corneum of the skin upon peeling and being capable of suppressing pain associated with peeling. Further, the adhesive organic solvent solution has not only a function of adjusting the adhesive organic solvent solution to a target viscosity, but also a function of suppressing inter-roll gaps (deformation of the adhesive tape) at the time of heat aging after molding into a semi-finished roll.
The organic liquid component is not particularly limited as long as it has affinity and compatibility with the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive. For example, esters of phthalic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, various fatty acids and alkyl alcohols; esters of phthalic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, various fatty acids and polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, and sorbitan, and the like.
More specifically, as the ester of the monohydric alcohol, there can be mentioned: diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dibutyl maleate, dibutyl adipate, di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, ethyl myristate, isopropyl myristate, octyldodecyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, cetyl lactate, tetradecyl lactate, octyldodecyl oleate, hexyldecyl dimethyloctanoate, hexadecyl 2-ethylhexanoate, isocetyl 2-ethylhexanoate, stearyl 2-ethylhexanoate, dioctyl succinate, and the like.
Further, as the ester of the polyhydric alcohol, there can be mentioned: propylene glycol dicaprylate, propylene glycol dicaprate, propylene glycol diisostearate, glycerol monocaprylate, glycerol trioctanoate, glycerol tri-2-ethylhexanoate, glycerol tricaprate, glycerol trilaurate, glycerol triisostearate, glycerol monooleate, glycerol trioleate, trimethylolpropane tri-2-ethylhexanoate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trioleate, and the like.
Among these, from the viewpoint of ease of adjustment of the viscosity of the pressure-sensitive adhesive solution, an organic liquid component having a viscosity at room temperature of preferably 50 to 500mPa · s, more preferably 100 to 500mPa · s, can be suitably used. As such an organic liquid component, for example, fatty acid glycerides such as glycerol monooleate; sorbitan esters of fatty acids such as sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, and sorbitan trioleate. These components may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the present embodiment, room temperature means 1 to 30 ℃.
The upper limit of the content of the organic liquid component in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is preferably 120 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass, and still more preferably 80 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive.
The lower limit of the content of the organic liquid component in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is preferably 20 parts by mass, more preferably 30 parts by mass, and still more preferably 40 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive.
If the content of this component is within the above range, sufficient flexibility can be imparted to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Therefore, while having good skin adhesiveness, physical skin irritation and pain at the time of peeling from the skin can be suppressed, and good peelability can be achieved.
Various additives such as a plasticizer, a softening agent, a filler, a stabilizer, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, and a bactericide may be appropriately blended in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the present embodiment as needed within a range not departing from the object of the present invention.
In order to impart a suitable cohesive force to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the present embodiment, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the present embodiment is preferably subjected to a crosslinking treatment. The crosslinking treatment may be a crosslinking treatment by physical treatment such as γ -ray irradiation or electron beam irradiation, or a chemical crosslinking treatment by organic peroxide, isocyanate compound, organic metal salt, metal alkoxide, metal chelate, epoxy compound, compound having a primary amino group, or the like.
Specific examples of the chemical crosslinking treatment include: organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide; isocyanate compounds such as toluene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate; epoxy compounds such as glycerol triglycidyl ether and triglycidyl isocyanurate; metal chelate compounds such as tris (acetylacetonate) aluminum and ethyl aluminum acetylacetonate diisopropyl ester.
Among them, isocyanate compounds, metal alcoholates, metal chelates, and epoxy compounds are preferably used from the viewpoint of crosslinking reactivity and ease of handling. By performing the crosslinking treatment using such a compound, the balance between the properties such as flexibility and cohesive force of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be appropriately adjusted, and therefore, the adhesive residue at the time of peeling can be suppressed.
The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set according to the application of the medical pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet of the present embodiment, the application site of the skin surface to which the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet is to be attached, and the like.
Specifically, the upper limit of the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 100 μm, and more preferably 80 μm. The lower limit of the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is preferably 10 μm, and more preferably 20 μm. When the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is within the above range, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has good skin adhesiveness when applied to the skin, can obtain excellent water vapor permeability, and can suppress stuffiness, itching, and the like as much as possible even when applied for a long period of time.
The medical pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet of the present embodiment may be provided with holes or needle holes (ミシン mesh) from the viewpoint of preventing stuffiness and itching when adhered to the skin surface or improving hand-tearability. The holes or pinholes formed in the medical adhesive tape or sheet can be easily obtained by applying a known porosification technique such as a metal roll, a punch, or laser irradiation.
In addition, as a method for forming holes or pinholes in the medical adhesive tape or sheet of the present embodiment, the holes or pinholes may be formed in the fabric and then the adhesive layer may be formed, or the holes or pinholes may be formed in the fabric and then the adhesive layer may be formed. In the case where the holes or pinholes are formed after the adhesive layer is formed on the fabric, the holes or pinholes penetrating the fabric and the adhesive layer are formed.
The medical pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet of the present embodiment is used by being attached to, for example, a medical tube, a catheter, a medical device, various portable devices (wearable devices), members constituting them, or the like. In addition, the present invention is also applicable to fixing, joining, decoration, protection, support, and the like of the above-described devices or members.
In other words, medical tubes, catheters, medical devices, various portable devices (wearable devices), members constituting them, and the like can be fixed, joined, decorated, protected, supported, and the like on the skin using a medical adhesive tape or sheet.
The medical pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet of the present embodiment can be formed into a roll-like wound body. In this case, it is preferable to perform a peeling treatment (back treatment) on the surface of the fabric opposite to the surface having the adhesive layer.
[ examples ]
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following, the terms "part(s)" and "%" mean "part(s) by mass" and "% by mass", respectively.
(example 1)
A monomer mixture containing 95 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and 5 parts of acrylic acid was solution-polymerized in ethyl acetate, thereby obtaining an acrylic adhesive solution. 10 parts of 30% aqueous ammonia was added to 100 parts of the solid content of the obtained acrylic adhesive solution, 40 parts of sorbitan trioleate, 0.1 part of triglycidyl isocyanurate as a crosslinking agent, and water were added thereto and stirred, thereby preparing an aqueous acrylic adhesive solution with the water content of 15%.
The aqueous acrylic binder solution obtained in the above was applied to a nonwoven fabric (bulk density: 0.393 g/cm) comprising a polyester fiber mixed wood pulp (impregnated acrylic resin and styrene resin) as a woven fabric so that the thickness of the binder layer after drying became 50 μm3Basis weight: 35.4g/m2Thickness: 90 μm, air permeability: 0.6 seconds), dried at 120 c for 5 minutes to form an adhesive layer, wound around a core to form a green roll, and heat-aged at 50 c for 7 days to obtain a wound body of an adhesive tape for medical use.
(example 2)
In example 1, the woven fabric was changed to a nonwoven fabric (bulk density: 0.381 g/cm) comprising polyester fiber mixed wood pulp (impregnated with an acrylate resin and a styrene-based resin)3Basis weight: 36.2g/m2Thickness: 95 μm, air permeability: 0.5 seconds), a wound body of a medical adhesive tape was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that.
(example 3)
In example 1, the woven fabric was changed to a nonwoven fabric (bulk density: 0.356 g/cm) comprising polyester fiber mixed wood pulp (impregnated with an acrylate resin and a styrene-based resin)3Basis weight: 35.6g/m2Thickness: 100 μm, air permeability: 0.5 seconds), a wound body of a medical adhesive tape was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that.
(example 4)
In example 1, the woven fabric was changed to a nonwoven fabric (bulk density: 0.343 g/cm) containing pulp (impregnated with an acrylate resin)3Basis weight: 36.0g/m2Thickness: 105 μm, air permeability: 0.5 seconds), a wound body of a medical adhesive tape was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that.
Comparative example 1
In example 1, the woven fabric was changed to a nonwoven fabric (bulk density: 0.413 g/cm) comprising polyester fiber mixed wood pulp (impregnated with an acrylate resin and a styrene-based resin)3Basis weight: 35g/m2Thickness: 84.8 μm, air permeability: 0.9 seconds), a wound body of a medical adhesive tape was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that.
Comparative example 2
In example 1, the woven fabric was changed to a polyester nonwoven fabric (Sontara 8010, manufactured by DuPont, bulk density: 0.119 g/cm)3Basis weight: 44g/m2Thickness: 370 μm, air permeability: 0.1 second), a wound body of a medical adhesive tape was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that.
(appearance evaluation)
In each of examples and comparative examples, when an aqueous acrylic adhesive solution was coated on a fabric, the presence or absence of penetration of the adhesive from the back side of the fabric was observed.
Further, the wound bodies of the medical adhesive tapes of the examples and comparative examples were heat-aged at 50 ℃ for 7 days, and then observed for the presence of appearance defects such as voids between wound layers and thickness unevenness when stored at 5 ℃, and the percentage of appearance defects was measured. The results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Penetration of the adhesive | Defective rate of appearance | |
| Example 1 | Is free of | 0％ |
| Example 2 | Is free of | 0％ |
| Example 3 | Is free of | 0％ |
| Example 4 | Is free of | 0％ |
| Comparative example 1 | Is free of | 14％ |
| Comparative example 2 | Is provided with | 0％ |
As is clear from table 1 and fig. 1, the wound bodies of the medical pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes of examples 1 to 4 exhibited excellent appearance without appearance defects such as voids between wound layers and thickness unevenness, and without penetration of the pressure-sensitive adhesive from the back surface of the woven fabric.
On the other hand, as is clear from table 1 and fig. 2, the wound body of the medical pressure-sensitive adhesive tape of comparative example 1 had voids between the wound layers, uneven thickness, and poor appearance. In addition, as shown in table 1, in comparative example 2, the penetration of the adhesive from the back side of the fabric occurred.
While various embodiments have been described above with reference to the drawings, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to such an example. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can conceive various modifications and variations within the scope of the claims, and it is understood that these are also within the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, the respective constituent elements in the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined within a scope not departing from the gist of the invention.
It should be noted that the present application is based on japanese patent application (japanese patent application 2019-164872) filed on 9, 10.2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Industrial applicability
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a medical adhesive tape or sheet which can prevent a binder solution from penetrating from the back surface of a woven fabric even when the binder solution is directly applied to the woven fabric, and which has a good appearance without generating a roll gap or the like in a roll even when heat aging is performed after the roll is formed into a roll.
Claims (8)
1. A medical adhesive tape or sheet comprising a fabric and, superimposed on at least one surface thereof, an adhesive layer,
the adhesive layer contains an acrylic adhesive having a carboxyl group in a molecule and at least a part of the carboxyl group is neutralized, and an organic liquid component, and
the bulk density of the fabric is 0.15g/cm3～0.40g/cm3。
2. The adhesive tape or sheet for medical use according to claim 1, wherein the bulk density of the fabric is 0.30g/cm3～0.40g/cm3。
3. The medical adhesive tape or sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the organic liquid component in the adhesive layer is 20 to 120 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the acrylic adhesive.
4. The adhesive tape or sheet for medical use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organic liquid component is a fatty acid glyceride or a fatty acid sorbitan ester.
5. The medical adhesive tape or sheet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein 1/5 to 1/1 of carboxyl groups in the acrylic adhesive are neutralized.
6. The medical adhesive tape or sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the content of the monomer having a carboxyl group in a molecule is 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total monomers constituting the acrylic adhesive.
7. The adhesive tape or sheet for medical use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the air permeability of the fabric is 0.6 seconds or less.
8. A wound body of a medical adhesive tape or sheet, wherein the wound body of a medical adhesive tape or sheet is formed by winding the medical adhesive tape or sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2019164872 | 2019-09-10 | ||
| JP2019-164872 | 2019-09-10 | ||
| PCT/JP2020/034272 WO2021049567A1 (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2020-09-10 | Adhesive tape or sheet for medical use |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114375206A true CN114375206A (en) | 2022-04-19 |
Family
ID=74865708
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202080063099.3A Pending CN114375206A (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2020-09-10 | Medical adhesive tape or sheet |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPWO2021049567A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN114375206A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW202116946A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021049567A1 (en) |
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| JP2003313110A (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-06 | Nitto Denko Corp | Skin pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet |
| CN101418194A (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-29 | 日东电工株式会社 | Double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet and method for producing the same |
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| JP2000230157A (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2000-08-22 | Nitto Denko Corp | Stretchable adhesive tape or sheet |
| JP5063952B2 (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2012-10-31 | バンドー化学株式会社 | Breathable adhesive tape |
| JP2010082102A (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-15 | Nitto Denko Corp | Adhesive tape or sheet for application to skin, and method for producing the same |
-
2020
- 2020-09-10 TW TW109131123A patent/TW202116946A/en unknown
- 2020-09-10 CN CN202080063099.3A patent/CN114375206A/en active Pending
- 2020-09-10 JP JP2021545586A patent/JPWO2021049567A1/ja active Pending
- 2020-09-10 WO PCT/JP2020/034272 patent/WO2021049567A1/en active Application Filing
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| JP2003313110A (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-06 | Nitto Denko Corp | Skin pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet |
| CN101418194A (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-29 | 日东电工株式会社 | Double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet and method for producing the same |
| CN101724367A (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-06-09 | 日东电工株式会社 | Adhesive composition and adhesive sheet |
| CN102459486A (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2012-05-16 | 日东电工株式会社 | Abnormal noise preventing sheet |
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|---|---|
| WO2021049567A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
| JPWO2021049567A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
| TW202116946A (en) | 2021-05-01 |
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