CN114374982A - An antenna arrangement method in the deck area of a container ship - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication network optimization, in particular to an antenna arrangement method for a container ship deck area, which comprises the following steps: s1: acquiring a scene model of a container ship deck area, taking the scene model as an area to be deployed, and setting a virtual receiver in the scene model; s2: setting a transmitting antenna and forming a transmission path; s3: acquiring path loss of a transmission path; s4: judging whether the deployment of the transmitting antenna does not meet the deployment requirement; if so, redeploying to update the transmission path, and then returning to S3; if not, finishing the antenna arrangement process and outputting a deployment scheme. The invention has the beneficial effects that: by effectively simulating the propagation path loss of the deck area of the container ship, the problem that the deck area of the container ship cannot be effectively simulated in the prior art is solved. And further, effective simulation and evaluation of the wireless base station deployment scheme in a simulation environment before actual construction are achieved, and the cost of later-stage debugging and optimization is reduced.

Description

An antenna arrangement method in the deck area of a container ship

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication network optimization, in particular to an antenna arrangement method in a container ship deck area.

Background technique

With the development of trade containerization and shipping digitization, the digitization of container transportation has become the primary option for the development of smart shipping. It is necessary to establish a digital intelligent network platform covering the whole ship to realize the data collection and integration of the whole ship, the interconnection between various systems, Operation of intelligent systems, ship-shore communication and data interaction. The digital intelligence of container ships puts forward higher requirements on the performance, scale and flexibility of the digital intelligent network platform. Due to the deck area of the container ship

In the prior art, the deployment method of the wireless network base stations in the container ship deck area is still to be laid in the traditional network environment, and the effect is verified and then gradually optimized. However, in the actual implementation process, the inventor found that due to the environmental limitations of the container ship, the implementation cost of the above optimization process on the container ship is relatively huge and the cost is relatively high. At the same time, since the metal structure of the hull and the stacking structure of the container have a great influence on the transmission process of radio waves, the network evaluation model in the prior art cannot be well adapted to the deck area of the container ship, which makes it impossible to realize the The pre-assessment of the network deployment plan in the deck area of the container ship has a long construction period and high cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, a method for arranging antennas in the deck area of a container ship is now provided.

The specific technical solutions are as follows:

An antenna arrangement method for a container ship deck area, comprising:

Step S1: acquiring a scene model of the container ship deck area, using the scene model as a to-be-deployed area, and setting a plurality of virtual receivers in the scene model;

Step S2: set at least one transmit antenna in the to-be-deployed area according to a preset deployment requirement, and form at least one transmission path between the transmit antenna and the receiver;

Step S3: obtaining the path loss of the transmission path;

Step S4: Judging whether the deployment of the transmitting antenna does not meet the deployment requirement according to the path loss;

If so, redeploy the transmit antenna in the to-be-deployed area to update the transmission path, and then return to the step S3;

If not, the process of arranging the antenna is ended, and a deployment plan is output for the user to deploy the transmitting antenna in the deck area of the container ship.

Preferably, the step S3 includes:

obtaining the multipath path loss of the transmit antenna in the to-be-deployed area;

Obtain the diffraction loss of the transmit antenna in the to-be-deployed area.

Preferably, the method for generating the multipath path loss includes:

Step A31: Obtain the direct loss and reflection loss of the transmitting antenna in the to-be-deployed area;

Step A32: Generate the multipath path loss according to the direct transmission loss and the reflection loss.

Preferably, in the step A31, the method for generating the direct loss includes:

Step A311: Determine whether there is a straight-line propagation path between the transmitting antenna and the receiver according to the position of the transmitting antenna, the position of the receiver and the scene model;

If yes, turn to A312:

If not, output a zero value as the linear loss;

Step A312: Generate the direct loss according to the transmit antenna and the receiver by using a direct path loss generation method;

The method for generating direct path loss includes:

Wherein, P _t is the transmit power of the transmit antenna, P _r is the receive power of the receiver, Gr _{is the antenna gain of the receiver, G t is} the antenna gain of the transmit antenna, A _er is the The effective cross-sectional area of the antenna of the receiver, A _et is the effective cross-sectional area of the antenna of the transmitting antenna, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and r is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiver.

Preferably, in the step A31, the method for generating the reflection loss includes:

Step A311: Acquire multiple reflection paths between the transmit antenna and the receiver;

Step A312: judging the validity of the reflection path to obtain an effective reflection path;

Step A313: Generate the reflection loss according to the path losses on the multiple effective reflection paths.

Preferably, in the method for generating the reflection loss, the method for generating the reflection coefficient of the reflection path is:

Among them, R _h is the horizontal polarization reflection coefficient, R _v is the vertical polarization reflection coefficient, _Ri is the total reflection coefficient, θ is the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave; ε is the relative permittivity of the reflecting surface.

Preferably, in the step A32, the method for generating the multipath path loss includes:

Among them, N is the total number of propagation paths from the transmitting antenna to the receiver, R _i is the reflection coefficient of the _ith ray passing through the reflective surface to the receiver, and Rri is the path length of the ith reflected ray , ρ _s is the scattering loss factor of the rough reflective surface, φ _i is the phase difference at the receiver of the signal propagated by the i-th ray path and the direct path.

Preferably, the method for generating the diffraction loss includes:

Step B31: judging the type of deployment position of the transmitting antenna;

When the transmitting antenna is deployed in the long straight channel of the deck, turn to step B32;

When the transmitting antenna is deployed in the deck stacking area, turn to step B33;

Step B32: generating the diffraction loss by using a long-straight channel loss generating method;

Step B33: Generate the diffraction loss by using a stacking area loss generation method.

Preferably, the method for generating long straight channel loss includes:

Step B321: Obtain the maximum Fresnel radius of the transmitting antenna;

Step B322: Generate the diffraction loss according to the maximum Fresnel radius.

Preferably, in the step B321, the method for generating the maximum Fresnel radius includes:

Wherein, n represents the number of ellipses; d ₁ represents the distance from the Fresnel zone to the transmitting antenna; d ₂ represents the distance from the Fresnel zone to the receiver; λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

Preferably, in the step B322, the method for generating the diffraction loss includes: using a rectangular aperture diffraction model to generate the diffraction loss;

The rectangular aperture diffraction model includes:

L _a =-20log ₁₀ (e _a )=-20log ₁₀ (0.5(C _x C _y -S _x S _y )+j0.5(C _x S _y +S _x C _y ));

L=L _a +T[L(v _b )+L(v _c )+C];

where L is the diffraction loss,

e _a is the field strength at the receiver, C _x =C(v _x2 )-C(v _x1 ), C _y =C(v _y2 )-C(v _y1 ), S _x =S(v _x2 )-S(v _x1 ), S _y =S(v _y2 )-S(v _y1 );

x1 is the left abscissa of the rectangular aperture, x2 is the right abscissa of the rectangular aperture, y1 is the ordinate of the lower edge of the rectangular aperture, y2 is the ordinate of the upper edge of the rectangular aperture,

v is the diffraction parameter, and its calculation method is:

其中H为矩形孔径的左侧横坐标x₁或右侧横坐标x₂或下沿纵坐标y₁或上沿纵坐标y₂，用于生成对应于左侧横坐标x₁或右侧横坐标x₂或下沿纵坐标y₁或上沿纵坐标y₂的绕射参数，λ为波长，d₁为所述发射天线与屏蔽面的距离，d₂为所述接收机与所述屏蔽面的距离；

where H is the left abscissa x ₁ or the right abscissa x ₂ or the lower ordinate y ₁ or the upper ordinate y ₂ of the rectangular aperture, which is used to generate the corresponding left abscissa x ₁ or the right abscissa x ₂ or the diffraction parameter of the lower ordinate y ₁ or the upper ordinate y ₂ , λ is the wavelength, d ₁ is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the shielding surface, and d ₂ is the receiver and the shielding surface the distance;

F _c (v) is the complex Fresnel integral, C is the empirical correction amount, _La is the loss caused by the main rectangular aperture obstacle, and T is the loss caused by the two sub-rectangular aperture obstacles.

Preferably, the method for generating losses in the stacking area includes:

Step B331: Generate a transmission source according to the transmission antenna, and determine the deployment position of the transmission antenna;

When the transmitting antenna is located in the lashing bridge area, turn to step B332;

When the transmitting antenna is located in the middle area, turn to step B333;

When the transmitting antenna is located at the high point of the main mast, turn to step B334;

The middle-level area includes the high point of the container stacking area and the chimney area;

Step B332: Equivalently convert the emission source to the middle-layer region to generate a new emission source, and then turn to step B333;

Step B333: Equivalently convert the emission source to the high point of the main mast to form a new emission source, and then turn to step B334;

Step B334 generates the diffraction loss according to the emission source and the scene model.

Preferably, in the step S332, the emission source is equivalent to the middle-layer region according to a diffraction coefficient;

The method for generating the diffraction coefficient includes:

Wherein, D is the diffraction coefficient, θ _d is the diffraction angle, φ is the phase angle of the transmitting source in the cylindrical coordinate system, and φ′ is the phase angle of the receiver in the cylindrical coordinate system;

其中λ是射线波长，ε_r为所述发射源和所述接收机之间绕射材料的介电常数。

where λ is the ray wavelength, and ε _r is the dielectric constant of the diffractive material between the emission source and the receiver.

Preferably, in the step B333, a Fresnel diffraction coefficient is used to equivalently convert the emission source to the high point of the main mast;

The method for generating the Fresnel diffraction coefficient includes:

where v is the Fresnel diffraction coefficient, d ₁ represents the distance between the Fresnel zone and the transmitting antenna, d ₂ represents the distance between the Fresnel zone and a receiver, λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, H represents the distance between the middle layer area and the connecting line between the transmitting antenna and the receiver.

Preferably, in the step B334, the method for generating the diffraction loss includes:

where L is the diffraction loss, L _bf is the free space path loss, L _rts is the coupling of the wave propagating from the multi-screen path to the receiving area of the lashing bridge, and L _msd is the additional attenuation caused by the multi-screen diffraction passing through the container stack. .

The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: by effectively simulating the propagation path loss of the deck area of the container ship, the problem that the deck area of the container ship cannot be effectively simulated in the prior art is avoided. Furthermore, the effective simulation and evaluation of the wireless base station deployment scheme in the simulation environment is realized before the actual construction, and the cost of later debugging and optimization is reduced.

Description of drawings

Embodiments of the present invention are described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the accompanying drawings are for illustration and illustration only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is the overall flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the flowchart of step S3 sub-step in the embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a flowchart of a method for generating multipath path loss in an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a flowchart of a method for generating direct loss in an embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a flowchart of a method for generating reflection loss in an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a flowchart of a method for generating diffraction loss in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for generating long straight channel loss in an embodiment of the present invention

8 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular aperture diffraction model in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for generating losses in a stacking area in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent method for binding a transmitting antenna in a bridge area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent method for transmitting antennas in a middle-layer region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

12 is a schematic diagram of the diffraction loss of the main mast high point transmit antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict.

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.

The present invention includes:

An antenna arrangement method in the deck area of a container ship, as shown in Figure 1, includes:

Step S1: obtaining a scene model of the container ship deck area, using the scene model as the area to be deployed, and setting multiple virtual receivers in the scene model;

Step S2: according to a preset deployment requirement, at least one transmit antenna is set in the to-be-deployed area, and at least one transmission path is formed between the transmit antenna and the receiver;

Step S3: obtaining the path loss of the transmission path;

Step S4: judging whether the deployment of the transmitting antenna does not meet the deployment requirements according to the path loss;

If so, redeploy the transmit antenna in the to-be-deployed area to update the transmission path, and then return to step S3;

If not, end the antenna arrangement process, and output a deployment plan for the user to deploy the transmitting antenna in the container ship deck area.

Specifically, in view of the lack of a model for evaluating the wireless coverage of the container ship deck area in the prior art, the present invention discloses an antenna arrangement method based on an evaluation model for the wireless coverage effect of the container ship deck area. A hybrid model combined with a specific statistical model is used to simulate the loss of direct radiation, reflection and diffraction of electromagnetic waves in the container ship deck area. Then, the effective evaluation of the wireless coverage effect of the container ship deck area in the simulation environment is realized, thereby reducing the cost of debugging and optimization in the actual construction process.

During the implementation, the scene model includes the scene features pre-collected on the container ship deck area, including the geometric size and shape of each container stack layer, main mast, chimney and deck straight channel.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 , step S3 includes:

Obtain the multipath path loss of the transmit antenna in the area to be deployed;

Obtain the diffraction loss of the transmit antenna in the area to be deployed.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the method for generating multipath path loss includes:

Step A31: Obtain the direct loss and reflection loss of the transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed;

Step A32: Generate a multipath path loss according to the direct loss and the reflection loss.

Specifically, for the container ship deck area. There are many obstacles and the transmission path is more complicated. In this embodiment, the direct loss and reflection loss of the transmitting antenna relative to the receiver are obtained separately, and then the multipath path loss is comprehensively obtained, which realizes the transmission antenna in the area to be deployed. Efficient evaluation of losses during multipath transmission.

In a preferred embodiment, in step A31, the method for generating direct loss includes:

Step A311: Determine whether there is a straight-line propagation path between the transmitting antenna and the receiver according to the position of the transmitting antenna, the position of the receiver and the scene model;

If yes, turn to A312:

If not, output a zero value as the linear loss;

Step A312: Using a direct-radiation path loss generation method to generate a direct-radiation loss according to the transmitting antenna and the receiver;

Direct path loss generation methods include:

Among them, P _t is the transmitting power of the transmitting antenna, P _r is the receiving power of the receiver, Gr _{is the antenna gain of the receiver, G t is} the antenna gain of the transmitting antenna, A _er is the effective cross-sectional area of the receiver antenna, A _et is the effective cross-sectional area of the transmitting antenna, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and r is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiver.

Specifically, for the direct path, this embodiment determines whether there is a direct path according to whether the connection between the transmitting antenna and the receiver intersects the reflecting wall recorded in the pre-obtained scene model. When there is a direct path, the direct loss can be obtained by using the free space propagation formula.

In a preferred embodiment, in step A31, as shown in FIG. 5 , the method for generating the reflection loss includes:

Step C311: Acquire multiple reflection paths between the transmit antenna and the receiver;

Step C312: judging the validity of the reflection path to obtain an effective reflection path;

Step C313: Generate a reflection loss according to path losses on multiple effective reflection paths.

In a preferred embodiment, in step A32, the method for generating the multipath path loss includes:

Among them, N is the total number of propagation paths from the transmitting antenna to the receiver, R _i is the reflection coefficient of the i-th ray passing through the reflecting surface to the receiver, Rri is the path length of the _i -th reflected ray, and ρ _s is The scattering loss factor of the rough reflective surface, φ _i is the phase difference at the receiver of the signal propagated by the i-th ray path and the direct path.

Specifically, in the process of generating the reflection loss, this embodiment selects a reverse ray tracing algorithm to generate the reflection propagation path loss. For the area to be deployed, by applying the mirror image and the binary tree structure, the first-order virtual sources and the second-order virtual sources are calculated and obtained until the specific-order virtual sources that meet the deployment requirements are used as the receiver in step C311, and then according to the multiple Each virtual source generates a single virtual source and the reflection path of the transmit antenna. Then, the scene information related to the virtual source and the transmitting antenna is extracted from the scene model, the intersection of the receiving point and the scene information is determined, and then it is determined whether the reflection path is an effective path, and then the loss calculation is performed for the effective path.

In a preferred embodiment, in the method for generating the reflection loss, the method for generating the reflection coefficient of the reflection path is:

Among them, R _h is the horizontal polarization reflection coefficient, R _v is the vertical polarization reflection coefficient, _Ri is the total reflection coefficient, θ is the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave; ε is the relative permittivity of the reflecting surface.

In the implementation process, θ can be generated according to the included angle of the reflection path relative to the reflection surface, and the relative permittivity of the reflection surface is included in the scene model to reflect the relative permittivity of the reflection surfaces of different materials in the container ship deck area.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6 , the method for generating diffraction loss includes:

Step B31: judging the type of deployment position of the transmitting antenna;

When the transmitting antenna is deployed in the long straight channel of the deck, turn to step B32;

When the transmitting antenna is deployed in the deck stacking area, turn to step B33;

Step B32: using a long-straight channel loss generation method to generate diffraction loss;

Step B33: Generate diffraction loss by using a stacking area loss generation method.

Specifically, in view of the complex characteristics of the container ship deck area environment, in this embodiment, by judging the deployment position of the transmitting antenna, a corresponding loss generation method is selected to avoid the inability to circumvent the specific environment of the container ship deck area in the prior art. The problem of effective evaluation of the radiation loss is realized, and the effective evaluation of the overall diffraction loss of the container ship deck area is realized.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 , the method for generating long straight channel loss includes:

Step B321: Obtain the maximum Fresnel radius of the transmitting antenna;

Step B322: Generate diffraction loss according to the maximum Fresnel radius.

In a preferred embodiment, in step B321, the method for generating the maximum Fresnel radius includes:

Among them, n represents the number of ellipses; d ₁ represents the distance from the Fresnel zone to the transmitting antenna; d ₂ represents the distance from the Fresnel zone to the receiver; λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

Specifically, in this embodiment, for the situation that the transmitting antenna is independently deployed in the long straight channel, this embodiment adopts the rectangular aperture diffraction model combined with the reverse ray tracing by acquiring the parameter information of the relevant point and the position of the transmitting antenna. The algorithm realizes the cumulative calculation of the coverage results of the transmitting antenna, and then obtains the diffraction loss calculation in the long-straight channel scenario well.

In a preferred embodiment, in step B322, the method for generating the diffraction loss includes: using a rectangular aperture diffraction model to generate the diffraction loss;

As shown in Figure 8, the rectangular aperture diffraction model includes:

L _a =-20log ₁₀ (e _a )=-20log ₁₀ (0.5(C _x C _y -S _x S _y )+j0.5(C _x S _y +S _x C _y ));

L=L _a +T[L(v _b )+L(v _c )+C];

Among them, L is the diffraction loss, e _a is the field strength at the receiver, C _x =C(v _x2 )-C(v _x1 ), C _y =C(v _y2 )-C(v _y1 ), S _x =S(v _x2 )-S(v _x1 ), S _y =S(v _y2 )-S(v _y1 );

x1 is the left abscissa of the rectangular aperture, x2 is the right abscissa of the rectangular aperture, y1 is the lower ordinate of the rectangular aperture, y2 is the upper ordinate of the rectangular aperture,

v is the diffraction parameter, and its calculation method is:

其中H为矩形孔径的左侧横坐标x₁或右侧横坐标x₂或下沿纵坐标y₁或上沿纵坐标y₂，用于生成对应于左侧横坐标x₁或右侧横坐标x₂或下沿纵坐标y₁或上沿纵坐标y₂的绕射参数，λ为波长，d₁为发射天线与屏蔽面的距离，d₂为接收机与屏蔽面的距离；

where H is the left abscissa x ₁ or the right abscissa x ₂ or the lower ordinate y ₁ or the upper ordinate y ₂ of the rectangular aperture, which is used to generate the corresponding left abscissa x ₁ or the right abscissa x ₂ or the diffraction parameter of the lower ordinate y ₁ or the upper ordinate y ₂ , λ is the wavelength, d ₁ is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the shielding surface, and d ₂ is the distance between the receiver and the shielding surface;

F _c (v) is the complex Fresnel integral, C is the empirical correction amount, _La is the loss caused by the main rectangular aperture obstacle, and T is the loss caused by the two sub-rectangular aperture obstacles.

Specifically, in view of the problem that the wireless coverage evaluation model in the prior art cannot be well adapted to the long straight channel in the container ship deck area, in this embodiment, the rectangular aperture diffraction model as shown in FIG. Effective evaluation of diffraction loss in this scenario. In this diffraction model, it is assumed that both the transmitter A and the receiver B are located in a long straight channel, that is, there are obstacles around the transmitter A and the receiver B, so the size of the rectangular aperture is obtained through the scene information, and the two The sub-rectangular aperture obstacles on the side can more accurately obtain the diffraction loss in the long straight channel scene.

In the implementation process, the long straight channel between the transmitting antenna and the receiver can be obtained through the scene information in the scene model. Due to the characteristics of the container ship deck area, the long straight channel can be regarded as a rectangular aperture. At this time, x ₁ , x ₂ , y ₁ and y ₂ correspond to the four vertices of the long straight channel section. The relative size of the rectangular aperture is obtained from the scene information, and the diffraction parameters of the rectangular aperture in the horizontal and vertical directions are obtained in combination with the complex Fresnel integral, and then the field strength at the receiver is obtained. Among them, the real part in the complex Fresnel integral is used to obtain C(v), namely C(v _x2 ), C(v _x1 ), C(v _y2 ) and C(v _y1 ), and the imaginary part is used to extract S(v), namely S(v _x2 ), S(v _x1 ), S(v _y2 ) and S(v _y1 ).

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9 , the method for generating losses in the stacking area includes:

Step B331: generate a transmission source according to the transmission antenna, and determine the deployment position of the transmission antenna;

When the transmitting antenna is located in the lashing bridge area, turn to step B332;

When the transmitting antenna is located in the middle area, turn to step B333;

When the transmitting antenna is located at the high point of the main mast, turn to step B334;

The middle area includes the high point of the container stacking area and the chimney area;

Step B332: Equivalently convert the emission source to the mid-level region to generate a new emission source, and then turn to step B333;

Step B333: Equivalently convert the emission source to the high point of the main mast to form a new emission source, and then turn to step B334;

Step B334: Generate diffraction loss according to the emission source and the scene model.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10 , FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 , for the problem that the diffraction loss in the stacking area is difficult to evaluate in the prior art, in this embodiment, a virtual source C is set, which will be located in the binding bridge area or the middle layer area. The transmitter A is equivalent to the position of the high point of the main mast step by step, and then the diffraction loss between the transmitter A and the receiver B is generated, and the effective diffraction loss of the wireless antennas in each arrangement position in the stacking area is realized. Evaluate.

In a preferred embodiment, in step S332, the emission source is equivalent to the middle-layer region according to a diffraction coefficient;

Diffraction coefficient generation methods include:

Among them, D is the diffraction coefficient, θ _d is the diffraction angle, φ is the phase angle of the transmitter in the cylindrical coordinate system, and φ′ is the phase angle of the receiver in the cylindrical coordinate system;

其中λ是射线波长，ε_r为发射源和接收机之间绕射材料的介电常数。

where λ is the ray wavelength and ε _r is the dielectric constant of the diffractive material between the source and receiver.

In a preferred embodiment, in step B333, a Fresnel diffraction coefficient is used to convert the emission source equivalently to the high point of the main mast;

The methods for generating the Fresnel diffraction coefficient include:

Among them, v is the Fresnel diffraction coefficient, d ₁ represents the distance between the Fresnel area and the transmitting antenna, d ₂ represents the distance between the Fresnel area and a receiver, λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and H represents the intermediate area and the transmitting antenna. The distance between the antenna and the receiver.

In a preferred embodiment, in step B334, the method for generating diffraction loss includes:

Among them, L is the diffraction loss, L _bf is the free space path loss, L _rts is the coupling of the wave propagating from the multi-screen path to the receiving area of the lashing bridge, and L _msd is the additional attenuation caused by the multi-screen diffraction passing through the container stack.

As an optional implementation manner, in the deck stacking area, the path loss diffracted into the long straight channel through the binding bridge area is generated by the above-mentioned long straight channel loss generation method.

As an optional embodiment, in the deck stacking area, the transmitting antennas at the high point of the main mast and the mid-level area will radiate to the deck area through the sea surface diffuse reflection, and the path loss is generated by the diffuse reflection correction model.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that, by providing a wireless coverage evaluation method for the container ship deck area, the technical problem that the existing wireless coverage evaluation method and model cannot be adapted to the container ship deck area is solved. By establishing a hybrid model that combines the ray tracing method with a specific statistical model, the simulation calculation is carried out for the direct radiation, reflection and diffraction losses of electromagnetic waves in the deck area of the container ship. For the deck stacking area, the wireless coverage evaluation of the deck stacking area is realized by combining the ray tracing algorithm, the Fresnel loss model, the simple diffraction model and the multi-screen diffraction model. For the long straight channel on the deck, a simple diffraction model and a multi-path diffuse reflection model are established respectively to describe the electromagnetic wave radiated to the long straight channel through the lashing bridge and the situation of the long straight channel through the sea surface diffuse reflection, and the compound rectangular aperture algorithm is established as The core Fresnel loss model and ray tracing algorithm complete the diffraction compensation when the scene has an independent antenna.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, they should be aware of the equivalent replacement and Solutions obtained by obvious changes shall all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. A method for arranging an antenna in a container ship deck area, comprising: Step S1: acquiring a scene model of the container ship deck area, using the scene model as a to-be-deployed area, and setting a plurality of virtual receivers in the scene model; Step S2: set at least one transmit antenna in the to-be-deployed area according to a preset deployment requirement, and form at least one transmission path between the transmit antenna and the receiver; Step S3: obtaining the path loss of the transmission path; Step S4: Judging whether the deployment of the transmitting antenna does not meet the deployment requirement according to the path loss; If so, redeploy the transmit antenna in the to-be-deployed area to update the transmission path, and then return to the step S3; If not, the process of arranging the antenna is ended, and a deployment plan is output for the user to deploy the transmitting antenna in the deck area of the container ship. 2. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein the path loss includes a multipath path loss and a diffraction loss, and the step S3 comprises: obtaining the multipath path loss of the transmit antenna in the to-be-deployed area; Obtain the diffraction loss of the transmit antenna in the to-be-deployed area. 3. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 2, wherein the method for generating the multipath path loss comprises: Step A31: Obtain the direct loss and reflection loss of the transmitting antenna in the to-be-deployed area; Step A32: Generate the multipath path loss according to the direct transmission loss and the reflection loss. 4. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 3, wherein in the step A31, the method for generating the direct radiation loss comprises: Step A311: Determine whether there is a straight-line propagation path between the transmitting antenna and the receiver according to the position of the transmitting antenna, the position of the receiver and the scene model; If yes, turn to A312: If not, output a zero value as the linear loss; Step A312: Generate the direct loss according to the transmit antenna and the receiver by using a direct path loss generation method; The method for generating direct path loss includes:

Wherein, P _t is the transmit power of the transmit antenna, P _r is the receive power of the receiver, Gr _{is the antenna gain of the receiver, G t is} the antenna gain of the transmit antenna, A _er is the The effective cross-sectional area of the antenna of the receiver, A _et is the effective cross-sectional area of the antenna of the transmitting antenna, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and r is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiver. 5. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 3, wherein in the step A31, the method for generating the reflection loss comprises: Step C311: Set multiple virtual sources as receivers in the to-be-deployed area, and obtain multiple reflection paths between the transmit antenna and the receiver; Step C312: judging the validity of the reflection path to obtain an effective reflection path; Step C313: Generate the reflection loss according to the path losses on the plurality of effective reflection paths. 6. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 5, wherein in the method for generating the reflection loss, the method for generating the reflection coefficient of the reflection path is:

Among them, R _h is the horizontal polarization reflection coefficient, R _v is the vertical polarization reflection coefficient, _Ri is the total reflection coefficient, θ is the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave; ε is the relative permittivity of the reflecting surface. 7. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 3, wherein in the step A32, the method for generating the multipath path loss comprises:

Among them, N is the total number of propagation paths from the transmitting antenna to the receiver, R _i is the reflection coefficient of the _ith ray passing through the reflective surface to the receiver, and Rri is the path length of the ith reflected ray , ρ _s is the scattering loss factor of the rough reflective surface, φ _i is the phase difference at the receiver of the signal propagated by the i-th ray path and the direct path. 8. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 2, wherein the method for generating the diffraction loss comprises: Step B31: judging the type of deployment position of the transmitting antenna; When the transmitting antenna is deployed in the long straight channel of the deck, turn to step B32; When the transmitting antenna is deployed in the deck stacking area, turn to step B33; Step B32: generating the diffraction loss by using a long-straight channel loss generating method; Step B33: Generate the diffraction loss by using a stacking area loss generation method. 9. The method for arranging antennas according to claim 8, wherein the method for generating long straight path loss comprises: Step B321: Obtain the maximum Fresnel radius of the transmitting antenna; Step B322: Generate the diffraction loss according to the maximum Fresnel radius. 10. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 9, wherein in step B321, the method for generating the maximum Fresnel radius comprises:

Wherein, n represents the number of ellipses; d ₁ represents the distance from the Fresnel zone to the transmitting antenna; d ₂ represents the distance from the Fresnel zone to the receiver; λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. 11. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 8, wherein in step B322, the method for generating the diffraction loss comprises: generating the diffraction loss by using a rectangular aperture diffraction model; The rectangular aperture diffraction model includes: L _a =-20log ₁₀ (e _a )=-20log ₁₀ (0.5(C _x C _y -S _x S _y )+j0.5(C _x S _y +S _x C _y ));

L=L _a +T[L(v _b )+L(v _c )+C]; Wherein, L is the diffraction loss, e _a is the field strength at the receiver, C _x =C(v _x2 )-C(v _x1 ), C _y =C(v _y2 )-C(v _y1 ), S _x =S(v _x2 )-S(v _x1 ), S _y =S(v _y2 )-S(v _y1 ); x1 is the left abscissa of the rectangular aperture, x2 is the right abscissa of the rectangular aperture, y1 is the ordinate of the lower edge of the rectangular aperture, and y2 is the ordinate of the upper edge of the rectangular aperture; v is the diffraction parameter, and its calculation method is:

where H is the left abscissa x ₁ or the right abscissa x ₂ or the lower ordinate y ₁ or the upper ordinate y ₂ of the rectangular aperture, which is used to generate the corresponding left abscissa x ₁ or the right abscissa x ₂ or the diffraction parameter of the lower ordinate y ₁ or the upper ordinate y ₂ , λ is the wavelength, d ₁ is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the shielding surface, and d ₂ is the receiver and the shielding surface the distance; F _c (v) is the complex Fresnel integral, C is the empirical correction amount, _La is the loss caused by the main rectangular aperture obstacle, and T is the loss caused by the two sub-rectangular aperture obstacles. 12. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 8, wherein the method for generating losses in the stacking area comprises: Step B331: Generate a transmission source according to the transmission antenna, and determine the deployment position of the transmission antenna; When the transmitting antenna is located in the lashing bridge area, turn to step B332; When the transmitting antenna is located in the middle layer area, turn to step B333; When the transmitting antenna is located at the high point of the main mast, turn to step B334; The middle-level area includes the high point of the container stacking area and the chimney area; Step B332: Equivalently convert the emission source to the middle-layer region to generate a new emission source, and then turn to step B333; Step B333: Equivalently convert the emission source to the high point of the main mast to form a new emission source, and then turn to step B334; Step B334 generates the diffraction loss according to the emission source and the scene model. 13 . The antenna arrangement method according to claim 12 , wherein in the step S332 , the emission source is equivalent to the middle-layer region according to a diffraction coefficient; 13 . The method for generating the diffraction coefficient includes:

Wherein, D is the diffraction coefficient, θ _d is the diffraction angle, φ is the phase angle of the transmitting source in the cylindrical coordinate system, and φ′ is the phase angle of the receiver in the cylindrical coordinate system;

where λ is the ray wavelength, and ε _r is the dielectric constant of the diffractive material between the emission source and the receiver. 14 . The antenna arrangement method according to claim 12 , wherein in step B333, a Fresnel diffraction coefficient is used to convert the emission source equivalently to the main mast high point; 14 . The method for generating the Fresnel diffraction coefficient includes:

where v is the Fresnel diffraction coefficient, d ₁ represents the distance between the Fresnel zone and the transmitting antenna, d ₂ represents the distance between the Fresnel zone and a receiver, λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, H represents the distance between the middle layer area and the connecting line between the transmitting antenna and the receiver. 15. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 12, wherein in step B334, the method for generating the diffraction loss comprises:

where L is the diffraction loss, L _bf is the free space path loss, L _rts is the coupling of the wave propagating from the multi-screen path to the receiving area of the lashing bridge, and L _msd is the additional attenuation caused by the multi-screen diffraction passing through the container stack. .

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