CN114374982A - Antenna arrangement method for container ship deck area - Google Patents

Antenna arrangement method for container ship deck area Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114374982A
CN114374982A CN202210009934.6A CN202210009934A CN114374982A CN 114374982 A CN114374982 A CN 114374982A CN 202210009934 A CN202210009934 A CN 202210009934A CN 114374982 A CN114374982 A CN 114374982A
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loss
transmitting antenna
diffraction
area
antenna
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CN114374982B (en
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朱宇
杨柳涛
韩冰
王炳德
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Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute Co Ltd
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Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/18—Network planning tools
    • H04W16/20—Network planning tools for indoor coverage or short range network deployment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/22—Traffic simulation tools or models
    • H04W16/225—Traffic simulation tools or models for indoor or short range network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/06—Testing, supervising or monitoring using simulated traffic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication network optimization, in particular to an antenna arrangement method for a container ship deck area, which comprises the following steps: s1: acquiring a scene model of a container ship deck area, taking the scene model as an area to be deployed, and setting a virtual receiver in the scene model; s2: setting a transmitting antenna and forming a transmission path; s3: acquiring path loss of a transmission path; s4: judging whether the deployment of the transmitting antenna does not meet the deployment requirement; if so, redeploying to update the transmission path, and then returning to S3; if not, finishing the antenna arrangement process and outputting a deployment scheme. The invention has the beneficial effects that: by effectively simulating the propagation path loss of the deck area of the container ship, the problem that the deck area of the container ship cannot be effectively simulated in the prior art is solved. And further, effective simulation and evaluation of the wireless base station deployment scheme in a simulation environment before actual construction are achieved, and the cost of later-stage debugging and optimization is reduced.

Description

Antenna arrangement method for container ship deck area
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication network optimization, in particular to an antenna arrangement method for a container ship deck area.
Background
With the development of trade containerization and shipping digitization, container shipping digitization has become the first option of intelligent shipping development, and a digitized intelligent network platform covering the whole ship needs to be established to realize data acquisition and integration of the whole ship, interconnection among systems, operation of intelligent systems, ship-shore communication and data interaction. The digitization intellectualization of the container ship puts forward higher requirements on the aspects of the performance, scale, flexibility and the like of the digitization intelligent network platform. Due to the deck area of the container ship
In the prior art, aiming at the arrangement mode of a wireless network base station in a container ship deck area, the traditional network environment is still adopted for laying and effect verification and then gradual optimization. However, in practical implementation, the inventors have found that the above optimization process is costly to implement on a container ship due to environmental limitations of the container ship, and is costly. Meanwhile, the influence of the metal structure of the ship body and the stacking structure of the containers on the transmission process of radio waves is large, so that a network evaluation model in the prior art cannot be well adapted to a deck area of the container ship, the network deployment scheme of the deck area of the container ship cannot be evaluated in advance in the prior art, the whole construction period is long, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, an antenna arrangement method for a deck area of a container ship is provided.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method of antenna placement in a deck area of a container ship, comprising:
step S1: acquiring a scene model of the container ship deck area, taking the scene model as an area to be deployed, and setting a plurality of virtual receivers in the scene model;
step S2: setting at least one transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed according to a preset deployment requirement, and forming at least one transmission path between the transmitting antenna and a receiver;
step S3: obtaining a path loss of the transmission path;
step S4: judging whether the deployment of the transmitting antenna does not meet the deployment requirement or not according to the path loss;
if yes, redeploying the transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed to update the transmission path, and then returning to the step S3;
if not, finishing the antenna arrangement process and outputting a deployment scheme for a user to deploy the transmitting antenna in the container ship deck area.
Preferably, the step S3 includes:
acquiring the multipath path loss of the transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed;
and acquiring the diffraction loss of the transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed.
Preferably, the method for generating the multipath path loss includes:
step A31: acquiring direct loss and reflection loss of the transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed;
step A32: and generating the multipath path loss according to the direct loss and the reflection loss.
Preferably, in the step a31, the method for generating the direct loss includes:
step A311: judging whether a linear propagation path exists between the transmitting antenna and the receiver according to the position of the transmitting antenna, the position of the receiver and the scene model;
if yes, turn to A312:
if not, outputting a zero value as the linear loss;
step A312: generating the direct path loss according to the transmitting antenna and the receiver by adopting a direct path loss generation method;
the direct path loss generation method includes:
Figure BDA0003456961980000021
wherein, PtIs the transmission power, P, of the transmitting antennarFor the received power of the receiver, GrFor the antenna gain of the receiver, GtIs the antenna gain of the transmitting antenna, AerIs the effective cross-sectional area of the antenna of the receiver, AetIs the effective cross-sectional area of the antenna of the transmitting antenna, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and r is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiver.
Preferably, in the step a31, the method for generating the reflection loss includes:
step A311: obtaining a plurality of reflection paths between the transmit antenna and the receiver;
step A312: judging the effectiveness of the reflection path to obtain an effective reflection path;
step A313: generating the reflection loss from path losses on a plurality of the effective reflection paths.
Preferably, in the method for generating reflection loss, a method for generating a reflection coefficient of the reflection path is:
Figure BDA0003456961980000031
Figure BDA0003456961980000032
Figure BDA0003456961980000033
wherein R ishFor horizontally polarized reflection coefficient, RvFor vertically polarized reflection coefficient, RiTheta is the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave; ε is the relative dielectric constant of the reflecting surface.
Preferably, in the step a32, the method for generating the multipath path loss includes:
Figure BDA0003456961980000034
where N is the total number of propagation paths from the transmit antenna to the receiver, RiIs the reflection coefficient of the i-th ray arriving at the receiver at the reflecting surface, RriIs the path length, p, of the i-th reflected raysScattering loss factor of rough reflecting surfaceiIs the phase difference at the receiver of the signal propagated by the ith ray path and the direct ray path.
Preferably, the method for generating diffraction loss includes:
step B31: judging the type of the deployment position of the transmitting antenna;
when the transmitting antenna is deployed in the long straight channel of the deck, turning to step B32;
when the transmitting antenna is deployed in the deck stacking area, turning to step B33;
step B32: generating the diffraction loss by adopting a long straight channel loss generation method;
step B33: the diffraction loss is generated using a stack area loss generation method.
Preferably, the method for generating long straight channel loss includes:
step B321: acquiring the maximum Fresnel radius of the transmitting antenna;
step B322: and generating the diffraction loss according to the maximum Fresnel radius.
Preferably, in step B321, the method for generating the maximum fresnel radius includes:
Figure BDA0003456961980000041
Figure BDA0003456961980000042
wherein n represents the number of ellipses; d1Indicating Fresnel zone spacingA distance from the transmit antenna; d2Representing the distance of the fresnel zone from the receiver; λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
Preferably, in step B322, the method for generating diffraction loss includes: generating the diffraction loss by adopting a rectangular aperture diffraction model;
the rectangular aperture diffraction model includes:
La＝-20log10(ea)＝-20log10(0.5(CxCy-SxSy)+j0.5(CxSy+SxCy))；
Figure BDA0003456961980000043
L＝La+T[L(vb)+L(vc)+C]；
wherein L is the diffraction loss,
eais the field strength at the receiver, Cx＝C(vx2)-C(vx1)，，Cy＝C(vy2)-C(vy1)，Sx＝S(vx2)-S(vx1)，Sy＝S(vy2)-S(vy1)；
x1 is the left abscissa of the rectangular aperture, x2 is the right abscissa of the rectangular aperture, y1 is the lower ordinate of the rectangular aperture, y2 is the upper ordinate of the rectangular aperture,
v is a diffraction parameter, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003456961980000044
where H is the left abscissa x of the rectangular aperture1Or right abscissa x2Or lower edge ordinate y1Or upper edge ordinate y2For generating x corresponding to the left abscissa1Or right abscissa x2Or lower edge ordinate y1Or upper edge ordinate y2λ is the wavelength,d1is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the shielding surface, d2The distance between the receiver and the shielding surface is obtained;
Fc(v) for complex Fresnel integrals, C denotes the empirical correction, LaThe loss caused by the main rectangular aperture obstacle is shown, and T represents the loss caused by the two secondary rectangular aperture obstacles.
Preferably, the method for generating loss of a dump area includes:
step B331: generating a transmitting source according to the transmitting antenna, and judging the deployment position of the transmitting antenna;
when the transmitting antenna is located in the lashing bridge area, turning to step B332;
when the transmitting antenna is located in the middle layer area, turning to step B333;
when the transmitting antenna is located at the main mast high point, turning to step B334;
the middle layer area comprises a container stacking area high point and a chimney area;
step B332: equivalently converting the emission source to the middle layer region, generating a new emission source, and then turning to step B333;
step B333: equivalently switching the emission source to the main mast height point to form a new emission source, and then turning to step B334;
step B334 generates the diffraction loss from the emission source and the scene model.
Preferably, in step S332, the emission source is equivalent to the middle layer area according to a diffraction coefficient;
the method for generating the diffraction coefficient comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003456961980000051
Figure BDA0003456961980000052
wherein D is the diffraction coefficient thetadIs the angle of diffraction, phi is the phase angle of the emission source in a cylindrical coordinate system' is the phase angle of the receiver in the cylindrical coordinate system;
Figure BDA0003456961980000053
where λ is the wavelength of the radiation, ∈rIs the dielectric constant of the diffractive material between the source and the receiver.
Preferably, in step B333, a fresnel diffraction coefficient is used to equivalently transform the emission source to the main mast head;
the method for generating the Fresnel diffraction coefficient comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003456961980000061
wherein v is the Fresnel diffraction coefficient and d1Representing the distance of the Fresnel zone from said transmitting antenna, d2The distance between the Fresnel zone and a receiver is represented, lambda represents the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, and H represents the distance between the middle zone and a connecting line between the transmitting antenna and the receiver.
Preferably, in step B334, the method for generating diffraction loss includes:
Figure BDA0003456961980000062
wherein L is the diffraction loss, LbfFor free space path loss, LrtsCoupling of waves propagating to colligating bridge receiving regions for multi-screen paths, LmsdAdditional attenuation caused by diffraction of multiple screens through the container stack.
The technical scheme has the following advantages or beneficial effects: by effectively simulating the propagation path loss of the deck area of the container ship, the problem that the deck area of the container ship cannot be effectively simulated in the prior art is solved. And further, effective simulation and evaluation of the wireless base station deployment scheme in a simulation environment before actual construction are achieved, and the cost of later-stage debugging and optimization is reduced.
Drawings
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are, however, to be regarded as illustrative and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the substep of step S3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for generating multipath path loss in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for generating direct loss according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for generating reflection loss according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for generating diffraction loss according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for generating long straight channel loss according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a rectangular aperture diffraction model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for generating loss for a stacking area in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent method for a transmission antenna in a lashing bridge area in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent method of a middle-layer area transmitting antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of diffraction loss of a main mast head spot emitting antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The invention comprises the following steps:
a method for arranging antennas in a deck area of a container ship, as shown in fig. 1, comprises:
step S1: acquiring a scene model of a container ship deck area, taking the scene model as an area to be deployed, and setting a plurality of virtual receivers in the scene model;
step S2: setting at least one transmitting antenna in an area to be deployed according to a preset deployment requirement, and forming at least one transmission path between the transmitting antenna and a receiver;
step S3: acquiring path loss of a transmission path;
step S4: judging whether the deployment of the transmitting antenna does not meet the deployment requirement or not according to the path loss;
if yes, the transmitting antenna is deployed again in the area to be deployed to update the transmission path, and then the step S3 is returned to;
if not, finishing the antenna arrangement process and outputting a deployment scheme for a user to deploy the transmitting antenna in the area of the deck of the container ship.
Specifically, aiming at the problem that a model for evaluating the wireless coverage of a container ship deck area is lacked in the prior art, the invention discloses an antenna arrangement method based on a wireless coverage effect evaluation model of the container ship deck area. And further, the effective evaluation of the wireless coverage effect of the container ship deck area under the simulation environment is realized, and the debugging and optimizing cost in the actual construction process is reduced.
In the implementation process, the scene model comprises scene characteristics collected on the container ship deck area in advance, including the geometrical sizes and shapes of all container stacking layers, the main mast, the chimney and the long straight passage of the deck.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, step S3 includes:
acquiring the multipath path loss of a transmitting antenna in an area to be deployed;
and acquiring the diffraction loss of the transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the method for generating the multipath path loss comprises:
step A31: acquiring direct loss and reflection loss of a transmitting antenna in a region to be deployed;
step A32: multipath path loss is generated from the direct loss and the reflection loss.
In particular in the deck area of container ships. The method and the device have the advantages that the number of obstacles is large, and the transmission path is complex, in the embodiment, the direct loss and the reflection loss of the transmitting antenna relative to the receiver are obtained respectively, so that the multipath path loss is obtained comprehensively, and the effective evaluation of the loss of the transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed in the multipath transmission process is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, in step a31, the method for generating the direct loss includes:
step A311: judging whether a straight line propagation path exists between the transmitting antenna and the receiver according to the position of the transmitting antenna, the position of the receiver and the scene model;
if yes, turn to A312:
if not, outputting a zero value as the linear loss;
step A312: generating direct loss according to the transmitting antenna and the receiver by adopting a direct path loss generation method;
the direct path loss generation method includes:
Figure BDA0003456961980000081
wherein, PtFor transmitting power of transmitting antenna, PrFor the received power of the receiver, GrFor the antenna gain of the receiver, GtFor the antenna gain of the transmitting antenna, AerIs the effective cross-sectional area of the antenna of the receiver, AetIs the effective cross-sectional area of the antenna of the transmitting antenna, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and r is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiver.
Specifically, for the direct path, the present embodiment determines whether there is a direct path according to whether a connection line between the transmitting antenna and the receiver intersects with a reflecting wall recorded in a scene model obtained in advance. When a direct path exists, direct loss can be obtained by adopting a free space propagation formula.
In a preferred embodiment, in step a31, as shown in fig. 5, the method for generating the reflection loss includes:
step C311: acquiring a plurality of reflection paths between a transmitting antenna and a receiver;
step C312: judging the effectiveness of the reflection path to obtain an effective reflection path;
step C313: reflection losses are generated from path losses on the plurality of active reflection paths.
In a preferred embodiment, in step a32, the method for generating the multipath path loss comprises:
Figure BDA0003456961980000091
where N is the total number of propagation paths from the transmitting antenna to the receiver, RiIs the reflection coefficient of the i-th ray arriving at the receiver at the reflecting surface, RriIs the path length, p, of the i-th reflected raysScattering loss factor of rough reflecting surfaceiIs the phase difference at the receiver of the signal propagated by the ith ray path and the direct ray path.
Specifically, in the process of generating the reflection loss, the present embodiment selects a back ray tracing algorithm to generate the reflection propagation path loss. And for the area to be deployed, calculating to obtain each first-order virtual source and second-order virtual source until the virtual source reaches the specific order required for deployment by applying a mirror image transmission and a binary tree structure, so as to serve as the receiver in the step C311, and further generate a reflection path between a single virtual source and the transmitting antenna according to the plurality of virtual sources. And then extracting scene information related to the virtual source and the transmitting antenna from the scene model, carrying out intersection judgment on the receiving point and the scene information, further determining whether the reflection path is an effective path, and then carrying out loss calculation on the effective path.
In a preferred embodiment, in the method for generating the reflection loss, the method for generating the reflection coefficient of the reflection path is:
Figure BDA0003456961980000101
Figure BDA0003456961980000102
Figure BDA0003456961980000103
wherein R ishFor horizontally polarized reflection coefficient, RvFor vertically polarized reflection coefficient, RiTheta is the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave; ε is the relative dielectric constant of the reflecting surface.
In implementation, θ can be generated according to the angle between the reflection path and the reflection surface, and the relative dielectric constant of the reflection surface is included in the scene model and used for reflecting the relative dielectric constant of the reflection surface made of different materials in the container ship deck area.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the method for generating diffraction loss includes:
step B31: judging the type of the deployment position of the transmitting antenna;
when the transmitting antenna is deployed in the long straight channel of the deck, turning to step B32;
when the transmitting antenna is deployed in the deck stacking area, turning to step B33;
step B32: generating diffraction loss by a long straight channel loss generation method;
step B33: diffraction losses are generated using a stack area loss generation method.
Specifically, for the characteristic that the environment of the deck area of the container ship is relatively complex, in this embodiment, by determining the deployment position of the transmitting antenna, a corresponding loss generation method is selected to avoid the problem that effective evaluation of diffraction loss cannot be performed for the specific environment of the deck area of the container ship in the prior art, and effective evaluation of diffraction loss of the whole deck area of the container ship is achieved.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the method for generating the long straight channel loss comprises:
step B321: acquiring the maximum Fresnel radius of a transmitting antenna;
step B322: diffraction losses are generated from the maximum fresnel radius.
In a preferred embodiment, in step B321, the method for generating the maximum fresnel radius includes:
Figure BDA0003456961980000104
wherein n represents the number of ellipses; d1Representing the distance of the fresnel zone from the transmitting antenna; d2Representing the distance of the fresnel zone from the receiver; λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
Specifically, in this embodiment, for the case that the transmitting antenna is independently deployed in the long straight channel, the present embodiment obtains the parameter information of the relevant point and the position of the transmitting antenna, and implements the cumulative calculation of the coverage result of the transmitting antenna by using a rectangular aperture diffraction model in combination with an inverse ray tracing algorithm, thereby better obtaining the diffraction loss calculation in the long straight channel scene.
In a preferred embodiment, in step B322, the method for generating diffraction loss includes: generating a diffraction loss by using a rectangular aperture diffraction model;
as shown in fig. 8, the rectangular aperture diffraction model includes:
La＝-20log10(ea)＝-20log10(0.5(CxCy-SxSy)+j0.5(CxSy+SxCy))；
Figure BDA0003456961980000111
L＝La+T[L(vb)+L(vc)+C]；
wherein L is diffraction loss, eaIs the field strength at the receiver, Cx＝C(vx2)-C(vx1)，Cy＝C(vy2)-C(vy1)，Sx＝S(vx2)-S(vx1)，Sy＝S(vy2)-S(vy1)；
x1 is the left abscissa of the rectangular aperture, x2 is the right abscissa of the rectangular aperture, y1 is the lower ordinate of the rectangular aperture, y2 is the upper ordinate of the rectangular aperture,
v is a diffraction parameter, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003456961980000112
where H is the left abscissa x of the rectangular aperture1Or right abscissa x2Or lower edge ordinate y1Or upper edge ordinate y2For generating x corresponding to the left abscissa1Or right abscissa x2Or lower edge ordinate y1Or upper edge ordinate y2λ is the wavelength, d1Distance of transmitting antenna from shield surface, d2The distance between the receiver and the shielding surface;
Fc(v) for complex Fresnel integrals, C denotes the empirical correction, LaThe loss caused by the main rectangular aperture obstacle is shown, and T represents the loss caused by the two secondary rectangular aperture obstacles.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, effective evaluation of diffraction loss in the scenario is achieved by selecting a rectangular aperture diffraction model as shown in fig. 8, which is directed to the problem that the wireless coverage evaluation model in the prior art cannot be well adapted to the long straight channel in the deck area of the container ship. In the diffraction model, the transmitter a and the receiver B are assumed to be both located in the long straight channel, that is, obstacles exist around the transmitter a and the receiver B, so the size of the rectangular aperture is obtained through the scene information, and the diffraction loss in the long straight channel scene can be accurately obtained by combining the secondary rectangular aperture obstacles on both sides.
In the implementation process, a long straight channel between the transmitting antenna and the receiver can be obtained through the scene information in the scene model. Due to the nature of the container ship deck area, the long straight channel can be considered as a rectangular aperture, where x is the distance between the long straight channel and the container ship deck area1、x2、y1And y2I.e. four vertices corresponding to the long straight channel cross section. And acquiring the relative size of the rectangular aperture through scene information, and acquiring diffraction parameters of the rectangular aperture in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by combining a plurality of Fresnel integrals, thereby obtaining the field intensity of the receiver. Wherein the real part of the complex Fresnel integral is used to obtain C (v), i.e., C (v)x2)、C(vx1)、C(vy2) And C (v)y1) The imaginary part is used to extract S (v), i.e., S (v)x2)、S(vx1)、S(vy2) And S (v)y1)。
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the loss generation method for the stacking area comprises:
step B331: generating a transmitting source according to the transmitting antenna, and judging the deployment position of the transmitting antenna;
when the transmitting antenna is located in the lashing bridge area, turning to step B332;
when the transmitting antenna is located in the middle layer area, turning to step B333;
when the transmitting antenna is located at the main mast high point, turning to step B334;
the middle layer area comprises a container stacking area high point and a chimney area;
step B332: equivalently converting the emission source into a middle layer area to generate a new emission source, and then turning to the step B333;
step B333: equivalently converting the emission source to a main mast high point to form a new emission source, and then turning to the step B334;
step B334: diffraction losses are generated from the emission source and the scene model.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 10, 11, and 12, for the problem that the diffraction loss of the stacking area is difficult to be evaluated in the prior art, in the present embodiment, by setting the virtual source C, the transmitter a located in the lashing bridge area or the middle layer area is equivalent to the position of the main mast high point step by step, and then the diffraction loss between the transmitter a and the receiver B is generated, so that the effective evaluation of the diffraction loss of the wireless antenna at each arrangement position in the stacking area is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S332, the emission source is equivalent to the middle layer area according to a diffraction coefficient;
the method for generating the diffraction coefficient comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003456961980000131
wherein D is a diffraction coefficient, thetadIs a diffraction angle, phi is a phase angle of the emission source in the cylindrical coordinate system, and phi' is a phase angle of the receiver in the cylindrical coordinate system;
Figure BDA0003456961980000132
where λ is the wavelength of the radiation, ∈rIs the dielectric constant of the diffractive material between the source and the receiver.
In a preferred embodiment, step B333 uses a fresnel diffraction coefficient to transform the emission source into the main beam height point;
the Fresnel diffraction coefficient generation method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003456961980000133
wherein v is the Fresnel diffraction coefficient and d1Indicating the distance of the Fresnel zone from the transmitting antenna, d2To representThe distance of the fresnel zone from a receiver, λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and H represents the distance of the middle zone from the line connecting the transmitting antenna and the receiver.
In a preferred embodiment, in step B334, the method for generating the diffraction loss includes:
Figure BDA0003456961980000134
wherein L is diffraction loss, LbfFor free space path loss, LrtsCoupling of waves propagating to colligating bridge receiving regions for multi-screen paths, LmsdAdditional attenuation caused by diffraction of multiple screens through the container stack.
As an alternative embodiment, in the deck stacking area, the path loss diffracted into the long straight channel through the bound bridge area is generated by the above-mentioned long straight channel loss generation method.
As an alternative embodiment, in the deck stacking area, the transmission antenna of the main mast point and the middle layer area will diffuse the radiation to the deck area through the sea surface, and the path loss thereof is generated through the diffuse reflection correction model.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the technical problem that the existing wireless coverage assessment method and model cannot be adapted to the deck area of the container ship is solved by providing the wireless coverage assessment method aiming at the deck area of the container ship. By establishing a mixed model combining a ray tracing method and a specific statistical model, simulation calculation is carried out on the loss conditions of direct incidence, reflection and diffraction of electromagnetic waves in the deck area of the container ship. Aiming at the deck stacking area, the wireless coverage evaluation of the deck stacking area is realized by combining a ray tracking algorithm, a Fresnel loss model, a simple diffraction model and a multi-screen diffraction model. Aiming at the long straight channel of the deck, a simple diffraction model and a multipath diffuse reflection model are respectively established to describe the condition that electromagnetic waves are radiated to the long straight channel through a binding bridge and the condition that the electromagnetic waves are diffusely reflected to the long straight channel through the sea surface, and a Fresnel loss model and a ray tracking algorithm which take a composite rectangular aperture algorithm as a core are established to complete diffraction compensation when the scene is provided with an independent antenna.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (15)

1. A method of antenna placement in a deck area of a container ship, comprising:
step S1: acquiring a scene model of the container ship deck area, taking the scene model as an area to be deployed, and setting a plurality of virtual receivers in the scene model;
step S2: setting at least one transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed according to a preset deployment requirement, and forming at least one transmission path between the transmitting antenna and a receiver;
step S3: obtaining a path loss of the transmission path;
step S4: judging whether the deployment of the transmitting antenna does not meet the deployment requirement or not according to the path loss;
if yes, redeploying the transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed to update the transmission path, and then returning to the step S3;
if not, finishing the antenna arrangement process and outputting a deployment scheme for a user to deploy the transmitting antenna in the container ship deck area.
2. The antenna arranging method according to claim 1, wherein the path loss includes a multipath path loss and a diffraction loss, the step S3 includes:
acquiring the multipath path loss of the transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed;
and acquiring the diffraction loss of the transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed.
3. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 2, characterized in that the generation method of the multipath path loss comprises:
step A31: acquiring direct loss and reflection loss of the transmitting antenna in the area to be deployed;
step A32: and generating the multipath path loss according to the direct loss and the reflection loss.
4. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 3, wherein in the step A31, the direct loss generation method comprises:
step A311: judging whether a linear propagation path exists between the transmitting antenna and the receiver according to the position of the transmitting antenna, the position of the receiver and the scene model;
if yes, turn to A312:
if not, outputting a zero value as the linear loss;
step A312: generating the direct path loss according to the transmitting antenna and the receiver by adopting a direct path loss generation method;
the direct path loss generation method includes:
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000021
wherein, PtIs the transmission power, P, of the transmitting antennarFor the received power of the receiver, GrFor the antenna gain of the receiver, GtIs the antenna gain of the transmitting antenna, AerIs the effective cross-sectional area of the antenna of the receiver, AetIs the effective cross-sectional area of the antenna of the transmitting antenna, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and r is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiver.
5. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 3, wherein in the step A31, the method for generating the reflection loss comprises:
step C311: setting a plurality of virtual sources in the area to be deployed as receivers, and acquiring a plurality of reflection paths between the transmitting antenna and the receivers;
step C312: judging the effectiveness of the reflection path to obtain an effective reflection path;
step C313: generating the reflection loss from path losses on a plurality of the effective reflection paths.
6. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 5, wherein in the method for generating the reflection loss, the method for generating the reflection coefficient of the reflection path is:
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000022
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000023
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000024
wherein R ishFor horizontally polarized reflection coefficient, RvFor vertically polarized reflection coefficient, RiTheta is the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave; ε is the relative dielectric constant of the reflecting surface.
7. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 3, wherein in the step A32, the generation method of the multipath path loss comprises:
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000025
wherein N isTotal number of propagation paths, R, from the transmitting antenna to the receiveriIs the reflection coefficient of the i-th ray arriving at the receiver at the reflecting surface, RriIs the path length, p, of the i-th reflected raysScattering loss factor of rough reflecting surfaceiIs the phase difference at the receiver of the signal propagated by the ith ray path and the direct ray path.
8. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 2, wherein the diffraction loss generation method comprises:
step B31: judging the type of the deployment position of the transmitting antenna;
when the transmitting antenna is deployed in the long straight channel of the deck, turning to step B32;
when the transmitting antenna is deployed in the deck stacking area, turning to step B33;
step B32: generating the diffraction loss by adopting a long straight channel loss generation method;
step B33: the diffraction loss is generated using a stack area loss generation method.
9. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 8, characterized in that the long straight path loss generation method comprises:
step B321: acquiring the maximum Fresnel radius of the transmitting antenna;
step B322: and generating the diffraction loss according to the maximum Fresnel radius.
10. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 9, wherein in the step B321, the method for generating the maximum fresnel radius includes:
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000031
wherein n represents the number of ellipses; d1Representing the distance of the fresnel zone from said transmitting antenna; d2Indicating the distance of the Fresnel zone from the junctionThe distance of the receiver; λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
11. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 8, wherein in step B322, the diffraction loss generation method includes: generating the diffraction loss by adopting a rectangular aperture diffraction model;
the rectangular aperture diffraction model includes:
La＝-20log10(ea)＝-20log10(0.5(CxCy-SxSy)+j0.5(CxSy+SxCy))；
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000032
L＝La+T[L(vb)+L(vc)+C]；
wherein L is the diffraction loss, eaIs the field strength at the receiver, Cx＝C(vx2)-C(vx1)，，Cy＝C(vy2)-C(vy1)，Sx＝S(vx2)-S(vx1)，Sy＝S(vy2)-S(vy1)；
x1 is the left abscissa of the rectangular aperture, x2 is the right abscissa of the rectangular aperture, y1 is the lower ordinate of the rectangular aperture, y2 is the upper ordinate of the rectangular aperture;
v is a diffraction parameter, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000041
where H is the left abscissa x of the rectangular aperture1Or right abscissa x2Or lower edge ordinate y1Or upper edge ordinate y2For generating x corresponding to the left abscissa1Or right abscissa x2Or lower edge ordinate y1Or upper edge ordinate y2A diffraction parameter ofIs a wavelength, d1Is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the shielding surface, d2The distance between the receiver and the shielding surface is obtained;
Fc(v) for complex Fresnel integrals, C denotes the empirical correction, LaThe loss caused by the main rectangular aperture obstacle is shown, and T represents the loss caused by the two secondary rectangular aperture obstacles.
12. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 8, wherein the stacking area loss generation method comprises:
step B331: generating a transmitting source according to the transmitting antenna, and judging the deployment position of the transmitting antenna;
when the transmitting antenna is located in the lashing bridge area, turning to step B332;
when the transmitting antenna is located in the middle layer area, turning to step B333;
when the transmitting antenna is located at the main mast high point, turning to step B334;
the middle layer area comprises a container stacking area high point and a chimney area;
step B332: equivalently converting the emission source to the middle layer region, generating a new emission source, and then turning to step B333;
step B333: equivalently switching the emission source to the main mast height point to form a new emission source, and then turning to step B334;
step B334 generates the diffraction loss from the emission source and the scene model.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein in step S332, the radiation source is equivalent to the middle layer area according to a diffraction coefficient;
the method for generating the diffraction coefficient comprises the following steps:
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000051
wherein D is the diffraction coefficient，θdIs a diffraction angle, phi is a phase angle of the emission source in a cylindrical coordinate system, and phi' is a phase angle of the receiver in the cylindrical coordinate system;
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000052
where λ is the wavelength of the radiation, ∈rIs the dielectric constant of the diffractive material between the source and the receiver.
14. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 12, wherein said step B333 uses a fresnel diffraction coefficient to equivalently transform said radiation source to said main mast high point;
the method for generating the Fresnel diffraction coefficient comprises the following steps:
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000053
wherein v is the Fresnel diffraction coefficient and d1Representing the distance of the Fresnel zone from said transmitting antenna, d2The distance between the Fresnel zone and a receiver is represented, lambda represents the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, and H represents the distance between the middle zone and a connecting line between the transmitting antenna and the receiver.
15. The antenna arrangement method according to claim 12, wherein in step B334, the diffraction loss generation method includes:
Figure RE-FDA0003541040730000054
wherein L is the diffraction loss, LbfFor free space path loss, LrtsCoupling of waves propagating to colligating bridge receiving regions for multi-screen paths, LmsdAdditional attenuation caused by diffraction of multiple screens through the container stack.
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