CN114373947B - Carbon paper gas diffusion layer for fuel cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon paper gas diffusion layer for fuel cell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114373947B CN114373947B CN202210003907.8A CN202210003907A CN114373947B CN 114373947 B CN114373947 B CN 114373947B CN 202210003907 A CN202210003907 A CN 202210003907A CN 114373947 B CN114373947 B CN 114373947B
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 platinum ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013504 Triton X-100 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, wherein the diffusion layer comprises a substrate layer and a microporous layer, a ventilation layer for increasing ventilation is arranged between the substrate layer and the microporous layer, the ventilation layer comprises a sulfonic acid group loaded on the substrate, and metal ions are grafted on the sulfonic acid group. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a carbon paper substrate layer, mixing the carbon paper substrate layer with an ammonium salt aqueous solution, drying, and calcining in vacuum to decompose ammonium salt into-SO 3 H functional groups to be attached to the carbon paper; mixing carbon paper with metal salt and a reducing agent to enable the reduced metal to be grafted on-SO 3 H functional groups; and mixing carbon powder and PTFE by using an aqueous emulsion, spraying the mixture on the obtained carbon paper to form a microporous layer, and calcining the microporous layer in an inert atmosphere to obtain the carbon paper gas diffusion layer. According to the invention, the C-SO 3 H-M structure is constructed on the carbon paper, SO that the pores of the diffusion layer are more, and the air permeability is improved; further, the conductivity of the diffusion layer increases due to grafting of the metal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas diffusion layer and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have good environmental benefits and high power density, so that the proton exchange membrane fuel cells have great application prospects in the field of mobile tools, and partially replace the market share of power lithium batteries in the field of automobiles. PEMFCs consist of a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), bipolar plates, and Membrane Electrodes (MEA), where the GDL requires the transport of reactant gases from the channels to the membrane electrode surface, and provides channels to flow the water produced by the cathode reaction from the catalytic layer to the outside of the stack, where good gas permeability, low resistance, corrosion resistance, matrix hydrophobicity, and good liquid flow channels are required. The usual gas diffusion layer consists of a substrate layer, a hydrophobic layer and a microporous layer.
Under the prospect of large-scale marketability application of PEMFCs, the cost of the catalyst is required to be reduced, the stability is required to be improved, the cost and the durability of an expansion layer are required to be reduced, the air inlet efficiency is improved, and the efficient performance of the catalytic reaction is ensured. The optimal choice for commercialization at present is carbon paper as a substrate layer, cost reduction and synergy are achieved by improving the carbon paper manufacturing process, and in addition, the processes of modifying the surface of the carbon paper, optimizing a hydrophobic layer, improving the porosity of a microporous layer and the like are performed. For example: oxygen transport and conductivity can be increased by establishing a linear pore gradient in the substrate layer. Wangrun introducing CeO 2 between the surface of the carbon paper and the microporous layer, and improving the conductivity and air permeability of the carbon paper diffusion layer by utilizing the conductivity and oxygen storage function of CeO 2. Chen et al regulate the porosity and pore size of microporous layers to improve air permeability, which is also a conventional method of regulating air permeability, wherein both hydrophobic macropores and hydrophilic micropores facilitate water flow. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is commonly introduced as a hydrophobic material into the carbon paper diffusion layer, but since PTFE is not conductive, a balance between conductivity and hydrophobicity is required, so that hydrophilic functional groups are introduced between the carbon paper and the microporous layer to increase its wettability, a balance between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity is achieved, and some acid corrosion resistant metal is introduced to enhance the conductivity of the carbon paper. In PEMFCs, besides catalysts and bipolar plates becoming research hotspots, the permeability and conductivity of the gas diffusion layer also affect the commercial scale of fuel cells. Here, while improving its high permeability, ensuring its good conductivity is a hot spot problem in current research of carbon paper diffusion layers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell, which can improve the ventilation effect;
a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell.
The technical scheme is as follows: the carbon paper gas diffusion layer for the fuel cell comprises a substrate layer and a microporous layer, wherein a gas permeation layer for increasing gas permeability is arranged between the substrate layer and the microporous layer, the gas permeation layer comprises a sulfonic acid group loaded on a substrate, and metal ions are grafted on the sulfonic acid group.
Wherein the sulfonic acid group is obtained by decomposition of an ammonium salt.
Wherein, the metal ions are prepared in situ by the reduction reaction of metal salt and a reducing agent.
The preparation method of the carbon paper gas diffusion layer for the fuel cell comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a carbon paper substrate layer;
(2) Mixing the carbon paper substrate layer with an ammonium salt aqueous solution, drying, and then calcining in vacuum to decompose ammonium salt into-SO 3 H functional groups attached to the carbon paper;
(3) Mixing the carbon paper obtained in the step (2) with metal salt and a reducing agent to enable reduced metal to be grafted on-SO 3 H functional groups, and then cleaning and drying;
(4) Dispersing carbon powder and PTFE by using an aqueous emulsion, spraying the dispersion on the carbon paper obtained in the step (3) to form a microporous layer, and calcining the microporous layer in an inert atmosphere to obtain the carbon paper gas diffusion layer.
Wherein the product obtained in the step (2) is marked as C-SO 3 H; the product obtained in the step (3) is marked as C-SO 3 H-M; m represents a metal.
In the step (2), the addition amount of the ammonium salt on the carbon paper is 0-2.5 mg/cm 2, wherein 0 is not contained.
Wherein in the step (3), the addition amount of the metal on the carbon paper is 0-5 mg/cm 2, and 0 is not contained; the mass ratio of the metal salt to the reducing agent is 1:1000-1:5000; the metal is preferably Pt.
Wherein in the step (2), the calcining temperature is 160-180 ℃ and the calcining time is 2.2-5 h.
In the step (1), the carbon paper is immersed in PTFE solution, and after drying, the process is repeated; the mass percentage of the carbon powder to the PTFE is 4:1-2:1.
Wherein in the step (4), the calcining temperature is 330-360 ℃ and the calcining time is 1.5-3.0 h.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects: 1. according to the invention, the C-SO 3 H-M structure is constructed on the carbon paper, SO that the pores of the diffusion layer are more, and the air permeability is improved; in addition, the conductivity of the diffusion layer is increased due to the grafting of metal; 2. the addition amount of the ammonium salt is 0-2.5 mg/cm 2, the air permeability is firstly increased and then reduced, and when the load capacity is 1.5mg/cm 2, the air permeability can reach 3210 ml/mm; 3. according to the invention, pt metal is grafted on the-SO 3 H functional group in situ, SO that the surface resistance and the contact resistance are greatly reduced, and therefore, the conductivity is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below.
Example 1
A method for preparing a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell, comprising the steps of:
(1) Soaking 3cm multiplied by 3cm blank carbon paper in 4% PTFE solution, performing ultrasonic treatment at 20kHz for 2 hours, drying, and repeating the steps for 2 times to prepare carbon paper containing 8% PTFE by mass fraction;
(2) Ultrasonically mixing the carbon paper prepared in the step (1) with 1.5mg (NH 4)2SO4 aqueous solution for 30 minutes, drying to remove water in the solution, then uniformly distributing (NH 4)2SO4 is subjected to vacuum calcination at 180 ℃ and kept for 4 hours, (NH 4)2SO4 is decomposed into-SO 3 H functional groups to be attached to the carbon paper), adding 5mg of chloroplatinic acid to 50mL of aqueous solution for ultrasonic mixing, then adding 10g of hexanediol for reduction at room temperature for 0.5 hour, grafting Pt after the reduction reaction on the-SO 3 H functional groups, and then cleaning and drying the solution;
(3) Weighing carbon powder and PTFE according to the weight percentage ratio of 4:1, dispersing with 100mL Triton X-100 aqueous emulsion, and stirring ultrasonically for 2 hours to mix uniformly;
(4) Spraying the emulsion prepared in the step (3) onto the carbon paper prepared in the step (2) to form a microporous layer;
(5) And (3) placing the sample prepared in the step (4) in a tube furnace for heat treatment, and preserving heat for 2.5 hours at 300 ℃ in Ar atmosphere to finally prepare the required carbon paper.
As shown in fig. 1, it can be seen from fig. 1 that some Pt metal nanoparticles are attached to the carbon fiber, and these particles greatly improve the conductivity of the carbon paper diffusion layer.
Example 2
On the basis of example 1, unlike example 1, (NH 4)2SO4 loading was 0.5mg/cm 2).
Example 3
On the basis of example 1, unlike example 1, (NH 4)2SO4 loading was 1mg/cm 2).
Example 4
On the basis of example 1, unlike example 1, (NH 4)2SO4 loading was 2mg/cm 2).
Example 5
On the basis of example 1, unlike example 1, (NH 4)2SO4 loading was 2.5mg/cm 2).
Example 6
On the basis of the embodiment 1, unlike the embodiment 1, in the step (3), the mass percentage of the carbon powder to the PTFE is 2:1.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of example 1, unlike example 1, no (NH 4)2SO4) was added in step (2).
Comparative example 2
On the basis of example 1, unlike example 1, no metal salt was added in step (2).
The following tests were performed on the carbon paper prepared in each of the above examples, and the test data obtained are shown in tables 1 and 2 below:
(1) And (3) air permeability test:
the testing method comprises the following steps: and testing the air permeability of the air diffusion layer by adopting an FBP-3 III porous material performance detector.
(2) Porosity test:
the testing method comprises the following steps: the porosity of the gas diffusion layer was tested by boiling method with reference to standard YB/T908-1997
(3) Contact resistance test:
The testing method comprises the following steps: firstly, clamping two polar plates, regulating and controlling the pressure to be 1MPa of the fuel cell assembly pressure, and measuring the resistance of the polar plates at the moment; then, different layers of gas diffusion layers are introduced between the two polar plates, the contact area between the gas diffusion layers is ensured to be 1cm multiplied by 1cm, and the total resistance when the layers are different is recorded.
(4) Surface resistance test:
The testing method comprises the following steps: the resistance of the carbon paper is directly tested on the surface of the carbon paper by using a four-probe tester.
Table 1 porosity and air permeability test data
Table 2 surface resistance and contact resistance test data
Claims (10)
1. The carbon paper gas diffusion layer for the fuel cell comprises a substrate layer and a microporous layer, and is characterized in that a gas permeation layer for increasing gas permeability is arranged between the substrate layer and the microporous layer, the gas permeation layer comprises a sulfonic acid group loaded on a substrate, and metal ions are grafted on the sulfonic acid group; the metal ion is platinum ion;
the preparation method of the carbon paper gas diffusion layer for the fuel cell comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a carbon paper substrate layer;
(2) Mixing the carbon paper substrate layer with an ammonium salt aqueous solution, drying, and then calcining in vacuum to decompose ammonium salt into-SO 3 H functional groups attached to the carbon paper; the addition amount of the ammonium salt on the carbon paper is 0-2.5 mg/cm 2, wherein 0 is not contained;
(3) Mixing the carbon paper obtained in the step (2) with metal salt and a reducing agent to enable reduced metal to be grafted on-SO 3 H functional groups, and then cleaning and drying;
(4) And (3) mixing carbon powder and PTFE by using an aqueous emulsion, then spraying the mixture on the carbon paper obtained in the step (3) to form a microporous layer, and calcining the microporous layer in an inert atmosphere to obtain the carbon paper gas diffusion layer.
2. The carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the sulfonic acid group is produced by thermal decomposition of an ammonium salt supported on a substrate.
3. The carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the metal ions are produced in situ by a reduction reaction of a metal salt and a reducing agent.
4. A method for producing a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing a carbon paper substrate layer;
(2) Mixing the carbon paper substrate layer with an ammonium salt aqueous solution, drying, and then calcining in vacuum to decompose ammonium salt into-SO 3 H functional groups attached to the carbon paper;
(3) Mixing the carbon paper obtained in the step (2) with metal salt and a reducing agent to enable reduced metal to be grafted on-SO 3 H functional groups, and then cleaning and drying;
(4) And (3) mixing carbon powder and PTFE by using an aqueous emulsion, then spraying the mixture on the carbon paper obtained in the step (3) to form a microporous layer, and calcining the microporous layer in an inert atmosphere to obtain the carbon paper gas diffusion layer.
5. The method of producing a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the ammonium salt is added to the carbon paper in an amount of 0 to 2.5mg/cm 2 excluding 0.
6. The method of producing a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the metal is added to the carbon paper in an amount of 0 to 5mg/cm 2 excluding 0.
7. The method for producing a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the calcination temperature is 160 ℃ to 180 ℃ and the time is 2.2h to 5h.
8. The method for producing a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the mass ratio of the metal salt to the reducing agent is 1:1000 to 1:5000.
9. The method of producing a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the step of producing a carbon paper base layer is: the carbon paper is immersed in the PTFE solution, dried, and the foregoing process is repeated.
10. The method for producing a carbon paper gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the calcination temperature is 330 to 360 ℃ and the time is 1.5 to 3.0 hours in the step (4).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210003907.8A CN114373947B (en) | 2022-01-04 | 2022-01-04 | Carbon paper gas diffusion layer for fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202210003907.8A CN114373947B (en) | 2022-01-04 | 2022-01-04 | Carbon paper gas diffusion layer for fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006185845A (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Gas diffusing layer for fuel cell and fuel cell using the same |
| WO2007050460A2 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-05-03 | Inorganic Specialists, Inc. | Carbon nanofiber paper and applications |
| CN104716337A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-17 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Production method of gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN111029605A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-04-17 | 华东理工大学 | Gas diffusion layer for fuel cell and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111519207A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-11 | 大连大学 | Preparation and application of Sn electrode for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide |
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| US20120034548A1 (en) * | 2009-05-01 | 2012-02-09 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Co., Ltd. | Gas diffusion layer for fuel cell |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006185845A (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Gas diffusing layer for fuel cell and fuel cell using the same |
| WO2007050460A2 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-05-03 | Inorganic Specialists, Inc. | Carbon nanofiber paper and applications |
| CN104716337A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-17 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Production method of gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN111029605A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-04-17 | 华东理工大学 | Gas diffusion layer for fuel cell and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111519207A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-11 | 大连大学 | Preparation and application of Sn electrode for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide |
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