CN114370451A - Gear box transmission inner shaft and machining process thereof - Google Patents
Gear box transmission inner shaft and machining process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114370451A CN114370451A CN202111489969.6A CN202111489969A CN114370451A CN 114370451 A CN114370451 A CN 114370451A CN 202111489969 A CN202111489969 A CN 202111489969A CN 114370451 A CN114370451 A CN 114370451A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
- F16C3/023—Shafts; Axles made of several parts, e.g. by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/04—Treatment of selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
Abstract
The invention discloses a transmission inner shaft of a gear box, which comprises a shell, wherein a transmission shaft is arranged in the shell, and the processing technology comprises the following steps: screening and pretreating blanks; roughly processing a grinding sample on the blank to process a ratchet wheel and a spline; carrying out thermal treatment tempering on the blank; performing semi-finishing on the blank, establishing a grinding reference, and roughly machining a ratchet wheel; carrying out copper plating protection on the non-carburized part, and carrying out carburization treatment on the ratchet wheel part; establishing a finish machining reference and finishing the machining of an inner hole to obtain a blank; performing secondary processing on the threads and the grooves on the blanks to obtain finished products; and (5) carrying out summary inspection on the finished product, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning and oil seal packaging. The invention achieves the modification purpose without influencing other processing operations by optimizing the protection and the sequence in the modification process, and in addition, the invention greatly improves the processing precision by taking the self as a reference datum in the processing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transmission shafts, in particular to a transmission inner shaft of a gear box and a processing technology thereof.
Background
The gear box has the characteristics of high rotating speed and less support in the operation process, and the transmission inner shaft can bear larger acting force in the operation process, so in order to bear the acting force, various parameters of the transmission inner shaft in the structural characteristics of the transmission inner shaft have to meet requirements, otherwise, the transmission inner shaft can cause larger abrasion in the operation process due to the parameter problem of the transmission inner shaft.
And in consideration of load during the operation, modification operations such as cyaniding, plating and the like are often required during the preparation process in order to enhance the surface properties. However, in the prior art, the irrational surface treatment often affects subsequent other processing operations, and the possible problems are often solved one-to-one in the processing process, and the working procedures are not matched with each other, so that the working procedures are multiple, and the processing precision of the working procedures can be affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transmission inner shaft of a gear box and a processing technology thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, surface modification influences subsequent operation and working procedures are lack of cooperation, so that the working procedures are various and the processing precision is influenced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention specifically provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an interior axle of gear box transmission, includes the casing, be provided with the transmission shaft in the casing, the transmission shaft with connect through a plurality of bearing discs between the casing, the transmission shaft with the coupling portion cover of casing is equipped with the axle sleeve, just the casing with be equipped with the bush between the axle sleeve, the both ends of bush all with bearing disc joint, casing surface mounting has and is no less than two sets of ratchet, is lieing in the spline is installed on the surface of the casing other end.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the shell except the ratchet wheel is provided with a surface copper plating layer, and the outer surface of the shell is provided with a carburized layer at the position of the ratchet wheel.
Further, the thickness of the surface copper plating layer is 0.048-0.07 mm, and the depth of the carburized layer is 1.5-2 mm.
Furthermore, the spline surface is provided with the enhancement copper plate layer, just the both sides of strengthening the copper plate layer all are provided with the cladding material transition region, the thickness of strengthening the copper plate layer is 0.005 ~ 0.008 millimeter.
In addition, the invention also provides a processing technology of the transmission inner shaft of the gear box, which comprises the following steps:
step 100, carrying out ultrasonic inspection on the blank to remove the blank with a defective internal tissue, and preprocessing the selected blank to roughly remove the skin;
step 200, performing rough machining on the blank to machine grinding samples of the ratchet wheel and the spline, and finishing the removal of large allowance of the blank;
step 300, carrying out thermal treatment quenching and tempering on the blank to enable the blank to have cutting performance;
step 400, performing semi-finishing on the blank, establishing a grinding reference, and roughly machining the ratchet to obtain the ratchet characteristics;
step 500, performing copper plating protection on a non-carburized part, and performing carburization treatment on a ratchet wheel part after the copper plating protection is completed;
step 600, establishing a finish machining reference, finishing the machining of the inner hole, finishing the spline and the ratchet wheel based on the finish machining reference, carrying out copper plating treatment on the surface of the spline to protect the spline, and detecting whether crack defects occur at the finish machining part of the ratchet wheel through magnetic current to obtain rough materials;
step 700, performing secondary processing on the threads and the grooves on the blanks to obtain finished products;
and 800, performing summary inspection on the finished product, and performing oil seal packaging after ultrasonic cleaning.
Further, randomly selecting a plurality of blanks from the blanks processed in the step 100, randomly numbering the selected blanks as samples, and performing trial processing on the samples before the processing in the steps 200 to 700;
for each batch of processing, the same-furnace batch of samples with the diameter of not less than 15 phi 18 multiplied by 20 is adopted, and for the samples, the ratchet wheel and the spline need to be tested respectively.
Further, in step 400, the specific steps of establishing the grinding reference are as follows:
step 401, determining a central axis of a blank after thermal treatment and tempering, vertically processing two ends of the blank based on the central axis, and calibrating anchor points of the central axis on vertical planes at two ends of the blank;
step 402, respectively making a plurality of concentric circles at two ends of the blank based on anchor points at the two ends, wherein the radiuses of the corresponding concentric circles at the two ends are the same, so as to establish a plurality of concentric cylinders, and each concentric cylinder is provided with an impact seal;
step 403, calibrating processing points on the side wall of the blank by taking any one of the concentric circles as a reference, connecting the processing points on the same section to form a connecting circle, and calibrating a processing sequence and a processing depth on the connecting circle;
step 404, repeat step 403 until a complete side processing plate is formed on the side walls of the blank.
Further, the side processing printing plate comprises a single-position multi-process processing sequence, a single-process processing sequence in different positions and grinding parameters processed in each process.
Further, in step 500, the specific steps of carburizing the ratchet part are as follows:
setting the surface of the shell where the ratchet wheel is located as a K surface, performing carburizing operation in a direction perpendicular to the K surface, enabling the carburizing depth perpendicular to the K surface to be 1.5-2 mm, and performing carburizing towards two sides by taking the center where the K surface is located as a reference, so that a transition zone with the carburizing thickness linearly reduced is formed until the transition zone is in contact with a copper-plated layer;
and for the carburized part, the hardness HRC of the carburized surface is required to be more than or equal to 60, and the hardness HRC of the core part is required to be 37-45.
Further, in step 600, the specific steps of establishing the finishing reference are as follows:
step 601, re-determining the central axis of the blank, vertically processing two ends of the blank based on the central axis, and calibrating the anchoring points of the central axis on the vertical surfaces of the two ends of the blank;
step 602, respectively making a plurality of concentric circles at two ends of the blank based on anchor points at the two ends, and arranging an impact seal on each concentric cylinder;
603, forming a complete inner hole processing printing plate on each impact print, and processing an inner hole once according to the formed processing printing plate;
and step 604, repeating the step 602 and the step 603 until the whole machining of the inner hole is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the transmission inner shaft adopts a structure similar to that of a conventional transmission inner shaft, but modification operation is carried out on different areas according to the performance requirements of the transmission inner shaft, so that the surface of the transmission inner shaft has different reinforcement attributes to meet different requirements, and in the modification process, the protection and the sequence in the modification process are optimized, so that the modification purpose is achieved, and other processing operations are not influenced;
(2) the transmission inner shaft overcomes the relativity error generated by the existing clamping in the processing process, and takes the transmission inner shaft as a reference datum in the processing process, thereby overcoming the machining error in the prior art and improving the processing precision by a large margin.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner drive shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross-sectional outer portion of an inner drive shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross-sectional interior of a driven inner shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic process flow diagram of the transmission inner shaft according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote the following, respectively:
1-a shell; 2-a transmission shaft; 3-a bearing disc; 4-shaft sleeve; 5-a bushing; 6-ratchet wheel; 7-spline; 8-plating a copper layer on the surface; 9-carburized layer; 10-reinforced copper plating layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides an inner transmission shaft of a gear box, which comprises a housing 1, wherein a transmission shaft 2 is arranged in the housing 1, the transmission shaft 2 is connected with the housing 1 through a plurality of bearing discs 3, a shaft sleeve 4 is sleeved on a connection part of the transmission shaft 2 and the housing 1, a bushing 5 is arranged between the housing 1 and the shaft sleeve 4, and two ends of the bushing 5 are clamped with the bearing discs 3.
In the embodiment, the transmission inner shaft is similar to a conventional transmission inner shaft structure, and different meshing structures are arranged on the transmission inner shaft according to different purposes so as to adapt to different transmission requirements.
In the present embodiment, not less than two sets of ratchet wheels 6 are installed on the surface of the housing 1, splines 7 are installed on the surface of the other end of the housing 1,
in order to enhance the abrasion resistance and the like and the hardness of the surface, thereby prolonging the service life and the service performance of the transmission inner shaft, according to the requirements of the surface properties:
the outer surface of the shell 1 except the ratchet wheel 6 is completely provided with a surface copper plating layer 8, the thickness of the surface copper plating layer 8 is 0.048-0.07 mm, the outer surface of the shell 1 is provided with a carburized layer 9 at the position of the ratchet wheel 6, the depth of the carburized layer 9 is 1.5-2 mm, the hardness HRC of a carburized surface is required to be more than or equal to 60, the hardness HRC of a core part is required to be 37-45, an inner hole of the surface where the ratchet wheel is located is protected, and carburization operation is not allowed.
In addition, the spline 7 surface is provided with strengthens copper coating 10, just strengthen both sides of copper coating 10 and all be provided with the cladding material transition region, strengthen the thickness of copper coating 10 and be 0.005 ~ 0.008 millimeter.
In the process of surface operation such as forming the coating on the transmission inner shaft:
1. a grinding process after ratchet carburization relates to simulated test piece processing, and after determining precise grinding processing parameters of a ratchet, grinding the ratchet;
2. for the direct route arrangement of carburizing and copper plating, firstly, the non-carburizing surface is protected by copper plating, a copper layer is cleaned in a cutting mode, and after the spline is finished and finished, partial copper plating is carried out to ensure the processing requirement of parts;
3. and establishing and correcting the reference of each stage of rough machining, semi-fine machining and fine machining of the part, thereby improving the machining precision.
As shown in fig. 4, the process for machining the inner transmission shaft of the gear box in the present embodiment includes the following steps:
and step 100, carrying out ultrasonic inspection on the blank to remove the blank with a defective internal tissue, and preprocessing the selected blank to roughly remove the skin.
In the above-described step, a plurality of blanks are randomly selected from the blanks processed in step 100, the selected blanks are randomly numbered as samples, and trial machining is performed on the samples before the machining in steps 200 to 700 is performed.
For each batch of processing, the same-furnace batch of samples with the diameter of not less than 15 phi 18 multiplied by 20 is adopted, and for the samples, the ratchet wheel and the spline need to be tested respectively.
In the sample processing, it is necessary to adopt the same process and technique as those of the main processing, and it is also necessary to clean the sharp edges, burrs and chamfers generated by the processing at any time in the processing.
After the test piece is machined, grinding and checking events, solidifying program parameters of a machine tool after the test piece reaches a qualified standard, recording all the parameters in a process record table, verifying the parameters according to the recorded parameters, and then machining the formal test piece.
In the processing of the formal part, parameters in the blank processing process are completely consistent, and the parameters comprise clamping of the blank and the like, such as clamping in a double-top mode or clamping in an outer diameter clamping mode.
And 200, roughly machining the blank to machine grinding samples of the ratchet wheel and the spline, and finishing the removal of the blank with large allowance.
And 300, performing heat treatment hardening and tempering on the blank to enable the blank to have cutting performance.
Step 400, semi-finishing the blank and establishing a grinding reference, and roughing the ratchet wheel to obtain the ratchet wheel characteristics.
In the present embodiment, due to the structural features of the ratchet, the surface structure is not uniform, and the structural shape is determined corresponding to the central axis thereof. In the prior art, the workpiece is clamped and then directly machined by combining a numerical control technology, and the clamping precision of the workpiece is required to be very high, because when any small deviation occurs in the clamped position, the workpiece can be greatly deviated after being machined. This is because the machining precision is limited by the machining according to this method in actual machining because the machining of the machine tool is dependent on the position of the workpiece as long as the machining is relative to the position of the workpiece.
In the present embodiment, since the requirement for the machining accuracy of the transmission inner shaft is relatively high, it is difficult to machine the transmission inner shaft with an appropriate accuracy by the conventional relative position method. In the present invention, in order to overcome the aforementioned problems and achieve the accuracy of design, the processing thereof depends on the workpiece itself, i.e., the processing plate of the workpiece itself.
Namely, the specific steps for establishing the grinding reference are as follows:
step 401, determining a central axis of a blank after thermal treatment and tempering, vertically processing two ends of the blank based on the central axis, and calibrating anchor points of the central axis on vertical planes at two ends of the blank;
step 402, respectively making a plurality of concentric circles at two ends of the blank based on anchor points at the two ends, wherein the radiuses of the corresponding concentric circles at the two ends are the same, so as to establish a plurality of concentric cylinders, and each concentric cylinder is provided with an impact seal;
step 403, calibrating processing points on the side wall of the blank by taking any one of the concentric circles as a reference, connecting the processing points on the same section to form a connecting circle, and calibrating a processing sequence and a processing depth on the connecting circle;
step 404, repeat step 403 until a complete sidewall processing plate is formed on the sidewall of the blank.
Wherein:
the side wall processing printing plate comprises a single-position multi-process processing sequence, a single-process processing sequence in different positions and grinding parameters processed in each process.
In the present embodiment, the specific reference points are located on the workpiece itself, and the processing sequence, the processing points and the processing amount are determined by processing the printing plate, that is, the sequence, the position and the processing amount of each grinding process are determined by the processing printing plate, and since the processing printing plate is uniquely determined relative to the workpiece, the processing accuracy can be sufficiently high as long as the accuracy of the processing printing plate is sufficiently high, and it is very easy for the existing numerical control technology to carve the processing printing plate with sufficient accuracy. Therefore, in the embodiment, the mode of processing the printing plate for the first time can overcome the existing numerical control processing technology, and can effectively improve the processing error caused by the inherent factors of mechanical processing in the prior art so as to really improve the processing precision of the product.
And 500, carrying out copper plating protection on the non-carburized part, and carrying out carburization treatment on the ratchet wheel part after the copper plating protection is finished.
In step 500, the thickness of the copper plating layer formed by copper plating is 0.048-0.07 mm, and for the copper plating layer, the surface of the copper plating layer is required to be uniform and compact without structure or processing defects such as bubbles, pores and the like,
in addition, because the purpose of the secondary copper plating is to realize the protection of the surface layer, the plating layer is not allowed for the area needing further processing, the part needs to be protected before the copper plating, the next operation is carried out after the copper plating of the other surfaces is completed, the surface needing the copper plating mainly comprises the position of the ratchet wheel and the groove between the adjacent ratchet wheels, and the transition areas are arranged on the two sides of the ratchet wheels, namely, the copper plating layer is not allowed for the position.
After the protection of the copper plating layer is finished, before carburization, the protection of an inner hole needs to be finished, the inner hole is not allowed to be carburized, and in the embodiment, the specific carburization steps are as follows:
setting the surface of the shell where the ratchet wheel is located as a K surface, performing carburizing operation in a direction perpendicular to the K surface, enabling the carburizing depth perpendicular to the K surface to be 1.5-2 mm, and performing carburizing towards two sides by taking the center where the K surface is located as a reference, so that a transition zone with the carburizing thickness linearly reduced is formed until the transition zone is in contact with a copper-plated layer;
and for the carburized part, the hardness HRC of the carburized surface is required to be more than or equal to 60, and the hardness HRC of the core part is required to be 37-45.
In the present embodiment, in the case of carburizing the ratchet surface, if a uniform carburized layer is formed, it will inevitably cause a sudden change layer to exist between the carburized part and the non-carburized part of the ratchet, and the existence of the sudden change layer will affect the operating performance of the ratchet.
Based on the foregoing, in the present invention, the carburized layer is set in a manner of diverging from the center to the edge to realize the construction of the carburized layer, so as to realize the formation of the continuous transition region.
Step 600, establishing a finish machining reference, finishing the machining of the inner hole, finishing the spline and the ratchet wheel based on the finish machining reference, carrying out copper plating treatment on the surface of the spline to protect the spline, and detecting whether crack defects occur at the finish machining part of the ratchet wheel through magnetic current to obtain the rough material.
The specific steps for establishing the finish machining standard are as follows:
step 601, re-determining the central axis of the blank, vertically processing two ends of the blank based on the central axis, and calibrating the anchoring points of the central axis on the vertical surfaces of the two ends of the blank;
step 602, respectively making a plurality of concentric circles at two ends of the blank based on anchor points at the two ends, and arranging an impact seal on each concentric cylinder;
603, forming a complete inner hole processing printing plate on each impact print, and processing an inner hole once according to the formed processing printing plate;
and step 604, repeating the step 602 and the step 603 until the whole machining of the inner hole is finished.
Wherein:
the inner hole processing printing plate comprises a sequence of single inner hole processing and a feeding amount of each processing.
In the embodiment, in the processing process, the blank is clamped and processed by adopting a double-top clamping mode, the runout of the spline tooth surface to the central hole is less than or equal to 0.02, even if sample processing is carried out, trial grinding is still required before the processing of the step to verify processing parameters, and the formal part is processed after the sample processing and the trial grinding are qualified.
In the present embodiment, the machined blank is inspected by a magnetic flow inspection method, and it is required that the machined blank surface should not have cracks.
And 700, performing secondary processing on the threads and the grooves on the wool to obtain a finished product.
And 800, performing summary inspection on the finished product, and performing oil seal packaging after ultrasonic cleaning.
In summary, in the present invention:
(1) the transmission inner shaft adopts a structure similar to that of a conventional transmission inner shaft, but modification operation is carried out on different areas according to the performance requirements of the transmission inner shaft, so that the surface of the transmission inner shaft has different reinforcement attributes to meet different requirements, and in the modification process, the protection and the sequence in the modification process are optimized, so that the modification purpose is achieved, and other processing operations are not influenced;
(2) the transmission inner shaft overcomes the relativity error generated by the existing clamping in the processing process, and takes the transmission inner shaft as a reference datum in the processing process, thereby overcoming the machining error in the prior art and improving the processing precision by a large margin.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present application and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered to be within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an axle in gear box transmission, its characterized in that, includes casing (1), be provided with transmission shaft (2) in casing (1), transmission shaft (2) with connect through a plurality of bearing dish (3) between casing (1), transmission shaft (2) with the coupling part cover of casing (1) is equipped with axle sleeve (4), just casing (1) with be equipped with bush (5) between axle sleeve (4), the both ends of bush (5) all with bearing dish (3) joint, casing (1) surface mounting has not less than two sets of ratchet (6), is lieing in install spline (7) on the surface of casing (1) other end.
2. A gearbox drive inner shaft according to claim 1, characterised in that the outer surface of the housing (1) is provided with a surface copper plating (8) on all but the ratchet wheel (6), and that the outer surface of the housing (1) is provided with a carburized layer (9) at the location of the ratchet wheel (6).
3. A gearbox drive inner shaft according to claim 1, characterised in that the thickness of the surface copper plating layer (8) is 0.048-0.07 mm, and the depth of the carburized layer (9) is 1.5-2 mm.
4. A gearbox drive inner shaft according to claim 1, characterised in that the spline (7) surface is provided with a reinforced copper plating (10), and that plating transition areas are provided on both sides of the reinforced copper plating (10), the thickness of the reinforced copper plating (10) being 0.005-0.008 mm.
5. A process for machining an inner transmission shaft of a gearbox according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
step 100, carrying out ultrasonic inspection on the blank to remove the blank with a defective internal tissue, and preprocessing the selected blank to roughly remove the skin;
step 200, performing rough machining on the blank to machine grinding samples of the ratchet wheel and the spline, and finishing the removal of large allowance of the blank;
step 300, carrying out thermal treatment quenching and tempering on the blank to enable the blank to have cutting performance;
step 400, performing semi-finishing on the blank, establishing a grinding reference, and roughly machining the ratchet to obtain the ratchet characteristics;
step 500, performing copper plating protection on a non-carburized part, and performing carburization treatment on a ratchet wheel part after the copper plating protection is completed;
step 600, establishing a finish machining reference, finishing the machining of the inner hole, finishing the spline and the ratchet wheel based on the finish machining reference, carrying out copper plating treatment on the surface of the spline to protect the spline, and detecting whether crack defects occur at the finish machining part of the ratchet wheel through magnetic current to obtain rough materials;
step 700, performing secondary processing on the threads and the grooves on the blanks to obtain finished products;
and 800, performing summary inspection on the finished product, and performing oil seal packaging after ultrasonic cleaning.
6. The process for machining the transmission inner shaft of the gearbox according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of blanks are randomly selected from the blanks processed in step 100, the selected blanks are randomly numbered to be used as samples, and the samples are subjected to trial machining before the machining in steps 200 to 700;
for each batch of processing, the same-furnace batch of samples with the diameter of not less than 15 phi 18 multiplied by 20 is adopted, and for the samples, the ratchet wheel and the spline need to be tested respectively.
7. A process for machining an internal shaft of a gearbox drive shaft according to claim 5, wherein in step 400, the specific step of establishing a grinding reference is as follows:
step 401, determining a central axis of a blank after thermal treatment and tempering, vertically processing two ends of the blank based on the central axis, and calibrating anchor points of the central axis on vertical planes at two ends of the blank;
step 402, respectively making a plurality of concentric circles at two ends of the blank based on anchor points at the two ends, wherein the radiuses of the corresponding concentric circles at the two ends are the same, so as to establish a plurality of concentric cylinders, and each concentric cylinder is provided with an impact seal;
step 403, calibrating processing points on the side wall of the blank by taking any one of the concentric circles as a reference, connecting the processing points on the same section to form a connecting circle, and calibrating a processing sequence and a processing depth on the connecting circle;
step 404, repeat step 403 until a complete sidewall processing plate is formed on the sidewall of the blank.
8. The process of claim 7, wherein the sidewall processing plate comprises a single-position multi-process processing sequence and a single-process processing sequence at different positions and grinding parameters for each process.
9. A process for machining the internal shaft of gearbox as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step 500, the step of carburizing the ratchet wheel part comprises:
setting the surface of the shell where the ratchet wheel is located as a K surface, performing carburizing operation in a direction perpendicular to the K surface, enabling the carburizing depth perpendicular to the K surface to be 1.5-2 mm, and performing carburizing towards two sides by taking the center where the K surface is located as a reference, so that a transition zone with the carburizing thickness linearly reduced is formed until the transition zone is in contact with a copper-plated layer;
and for the carburized part, the hardness HRC of the carburized surface is required to be more than or equal to 60, and the hardness HRC of the core part is required to be 37-45.
10. A process for machining an inner shaft of a gearbox transmission according to claim 7, wherein in step 600, the specific steps of establishing a finishing reference are as follows:
step 601, re-determining the central axis of the blank, vertically processing two ends of the blank based on the central axis, and calibrating the anchoring points of the central axis on the vertical surfaces of the two ends of the blank;
step 602, respectively making a plurality of concentric circles at two ends of the blank based on anchor points at the two ends, and arranging an impact seal on each concentric cylinder;
603, forming a complete inner hole processing printing plate on each impact print, and processing an inner hole once according to the formed processing printing plate;
and step 604, repeating the step 602 and the step 603 until the whole machining of the inner hole is finished.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111489969.6A CN114370451A (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Gear box transmission inner shaft and machining process thereof |
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| CN202111489969.6A CN114370451A (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Gear box transmission inner shaft and machining process thereof |
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| CN216642765U (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-05-31 | 安徽中润航空科技有限公司 | Transmission inner shaft of gear box |
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| CN102947037A (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2013-02-27 | 株式会社牧野铣床制作所 | Method for grinding/machining gear and machining device |
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