CN114369336B - Drag-reducing, hydrophobic/deicing integrated film - Google Patents
Drag-reducing, hydrophobic/deicing integrated film Download PDFInfo
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- CN114369336B CN114369336B CN202111613730.5A CN202111613730A CN114369336B CN 114369336 B CN114369336 B CN 114369336B CN 202111613730 A CN202111613730 A CN 202111613730A CN 114369336 B CN114369336 B CN 114369336B
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C08J2383/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
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Abstract
The invention provides a drag reduction, water drainage/deicing integrated film, which has the performance of reducing drag on the surface of a microstructure in a non-icing state; in the icing state, the micro-structure has the hydrophobic and deicing performances before, during and after icing, and the surface of the micro-structure has hydrophobic and rebound water drops before icing; in icing, the micro-structure surface delays icing; after icing, the electrothermal effect of the film with low voltage reduces the adhesion between ice and the surface and has quick deicing performance; the invention directly prepares the microstructure on the electrothermal film, on one hand, thoroughly solves the defect that the traditional super-hydrophobic coating is easy to fall off and lose efficacy due to spraying, and on the other hand, solves the problems of temperature mismatch and uneven transmission caused by multi-layer compounding in the traditional anti-icing/deicing system, and has simple process and wide industrialized application prospect.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to a drag reduction, hydrophobic/deicing integrated film, and belongs to the technical field of drag reduction, anti-icing/deicing.
The background technology is as follows:
the strong contact effect between the solid and gas interfaces is an important reason for generating the friction resistance of the wall surface of the aircraft, the reduction of the friction resistance of the wall surface of the aircraft has a remarkable effect on improving the highest sailing speed and the maximum range of the aircraft, and under subsonic conditions, the friction resistance of the wall surface accounts for about 40% -50% of the total resistance, the friction resistance of the wall surface is reduced by 40%, the range of the aircraft can be improved by 29.1%, the sailing speed is increased by 32%, and the reduction of the friction resistance of the wall surface can greatly improve the performance of the aircraft; another key factor that affects the performance of an aircraft is that in cold environments, water droplets in the air become supercooled water, contact surfaces become ice layers, and have a negative impact, when the aircraft surface is iced, the aerodynamics and electronic equipment performance are destroyed, and crashes occur in severe cases. Analyzing and summarizing drag reduction, anti-icing/deicing techniques, chemical liquid anti-icing/deicing systems are severe to environmental pollution; the deicing system of the expansion pipe can destroy the original aerodynamic shape of the aircraft; the electric pulse and electric heating anti-icing/deicing system consumes a lot of energy; the anti-icing/deicing mode of the super-hydrophobic surface is not suitable for a low-temperature high-humidity environment; the super-hydrophobic/electrothermal anti-icing/deicing mode is easy to structure layering and failure of the super-hydrophobic surface due to the fact that the super-hydrophobic surface and the electrothermal layer are bonded into a double-layer structure; while another key issue is that no wall drag reduction technology is currently considered in the anti/de-icing field.
Through the document search of the prior art, the Chinese application publication number: CN106945782A, CN105908187B provides an underwater drag reduction surface imitating the appearance of globefish skin and a manufacturing method, and combines a bionic super-hydrophobic surface and a super-cavitation drag reduction technology, so that the underwater drag reduction efficiency is improved. Taking CN107459668A as an example, a self-repairing super-hydrophobic drag-reducing elastomer film and a preparation method thereof are provided, a shark skin V-shaped groove structure is replicated on the surface of the elastomer, and a polyacrylamide-polyfluoroalkyl acrylate block copolymer capable of forming a micro-nano structure by self-assembly is connected, so that the self-repairing super-hydrophobic drag-reducing elastomer film has self-repairing super-hydrophobic performance, a static water contact angle reaches more than 150 degrees, a rolling angle is less than 10 degrees, the drag-reducing rate of the drag-reducing film can reach 20 percent, but in the existing drag-reducing technology, the anti-icing/deicing technology is not considered. CN108454816A, CN109777358A, CN109794404a respectively proposes a micro-nano structure surface ice control skin, a graphene-based ice control/deicing integrated pleated film and a preparation method thereof, and an electric heating ice control component with superhydrophobic characteristic and a preparation method thereof, but the ice control effect is affected due to the characteristics of interface effect, random distribution of pleats and the like in a low-temperature environment. Taking CN109862637A as an example, an ice prevention and removal electric heating structure and a preparation method of the ice prevention and removal electric heating structure are provided, wherein a polyimide film is used as a substrate, a strip-shaped or grid-shaped graphene-carbon nano tube composite material is paved on the substrate, and finally an insulating and heat-conducting graphene film layer is formed. Although the graphene film layer is used as a heat conduction material, the heating is more uniform, the icing time can be delayed without considering the surface benefit of the microstructure. The existing anti-icing/deicing system is relatively complex in process, the probability of failure is increased due to the existence of a multi-interface layer, the anti-icing/deicing system is not suitable for the rapid deicing requirements of key parts such as low-temperature environments, and the anti-drag technology is not considered. Therefore, electrothermal integrated films with drag reduction, water drainage/deicing functions have yet to be developed.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to provide a drag-reducing, hydrophobic/deicing integrated film.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
directly preparing microstructures with different shapes, different distributions and different scales on the low-voltage rapid heating electrothermal film; the electrothermal film material is epoxy resin, PMIA and PDMS; the mass percentage content is as follows: 88 to 98.8 percent of polymer, 0.1 to 7.0 percent of carbon nano tube, 0.1 to 3.0 percent of graphene, and 1.0 to 2.0 percent of surfactant and curing agent; the heating characteristic is as follows: heating the electrothermal film for 25s at the temperature of 50 ℃ under the voltage of 3V; in a non-icing state, the anti-drag performance of the micro-structure surface is achieved; in the icing state, the micro-structure has the hydrophobic and deicing performances before, during and after icing, and the surface of the micro-structure has hydrophobic and rebound water drops before icing; in icing, the micro-structure surface delays icing; after icing, the electrothermal effect of the film with low voltage reduces the adhesion between ice and the surface and has quick deicing performance;
further, the shape, distribution and scale characteristics of the prepared microstructure are as follows: microstructure shapes include, but are not limited to, unidirectional, bi-directional pi and delta shapes; the microstructure distribution includes periodic or non-periodic distribution; the microstructure scale is 0.5-400 micrometers; the integral dimension of the integrated film is 300mm multiplied by 400mm;
further, the integrated film is characterized in that: average drag reduction rate is greater than 5% under subsonic conditions; the static water contact angle reaches more than 150 ℃; at 3V voltage, the adhesion of the surface ice coating is reduced to below 70KPa within 44 s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the integrated film has the functions of drag reduction, water drainage, deicing and the like, and has the performance of micro-structure surface drag reduction in a non-icing state; in the icing state, the micro-structure has the hydrophobic and deicing performances before, during and after icing, and the surface of the micro-structure has hydrophobic and rebound water drops before icing; in icing, the micro-structure surface delays icing; after icing, the electrothermal effect of the film with low voltage reduces the adhesion between ice and surface and has quick deicing performance. The invention directly prepares the microstructure on the electrothermal film, on one hand, thoroughly solves the defect that the traditional super-hydrophobic coating is easy to fall off and lose efficacy due to spraying, and on the other hand, solves the problems of temperature mismatch and uneven transmission caused by multi-layer compounding in the traditional anti-icing/deicing system, and has simple process and wide industrialized application prospect.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an integrated drag reducing, water repellent/deicing film of the present invention; wherein, (a) a unidirectional pi-shaped microstructure; (b) a bi-directional pi-shaped microstructure; (c) unidirectional delta-shaped microstructures; (d) a bi-directional delta-shaped microstructure;
FIG. 2 illustrates electrothermal film microstructure; wherein, (a) SEM pictures; (b) schematic representation of three-dimensional structures of CNT/GNPs;
FIG. 3 shows a microstructure of a thin film surface laser etched; wherein, (a) the unitary structure; (b) a local microstructure; (c) Schematic of microstructure dimensions
The electrothermal behavior of the film of FIG. 4; wherein, (a) a thermal temperature image; (b) temperature versus time;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of film drag reduction, hydrophobicity/deicing; (a) drag reduction performance testing; (b) a hydrophobic property test; (c) deicing performance testing; (d) an ice adhesion force variation curve.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present invention includes: electrothermal film 1, microstructure 2. Microstructures with different shapes, different distributions and different dimensions are directly prepared on the surface of the electrothermal film 1, so that an integrated multifunctional film with drag reduction, water drainage and deicing characteristics is formed.
The low-voltage rapid heating electrothermal film 1 comprises, but is not limited to, epoxy resin, PMIA, PDMS, carbon nano tube, graphene and the like, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 88 to 98.8 percent of polymer, 0.1 to 7.0 percent of carbon nano tube, 0.1 to 3.0 percent of graphene, and 1.0 to 2.0 percent of surfactant and curing agent. The heating characteristic is as follows: the temperature of the electrothermal film is raised by 50 ℃ within 25 seconds under the voltage of 3V.
The shape of the prepared microstructure 2 includes, but is not limited to, unidirectional, bidirectional pi and delta; the microstructure distribution includes periodic or non-periodic distribution; the microstructure scale is 0.5-400 micrometers, and the integral scale of the integrated film is 300mm multiplied by 400mm.
The drag reduction, hydrophobicity/deicing integrated film is characterized in that: average drag reduction rate is greater than 5% under subsonic conditions; the static water contact angle reaches more than 150 ℃; at 3V voltage, the adhesion of the surface ice coating is reduced to below 70KPa within 44 s.
Adding a triton X-100 surfactant into an acetone solvent to prepare an acetone/surfactant organic solvent, dispersing CNTs particles into the organic solvent by adopting a mechanical stirring mode, applying ultrasonic wave cavitation for 8 hours to the CNTs/acetone/surfactant suspension to disperse so as to obtain a uniform CNT@X dispersion, and pouring the uniformly stirred GNPs and polymer mixture into the CNT@X dispersion. And finally, standing the mixture for 3 hours in a vacuum environment for defoaming treatment, adding a curing agent into the mixture according to a proportion, mechanically stirring uniformly, and pouring into a mold to prepare the CNT/GNPs three-dimensional structure electrothermal film. Through a laser precision machining technology, a unidirectional and bidirectional pi and delta-shaped microstructure is etched on the surface of a 300mm multiplied by 400mm electrothermal film, the microstructure is periodically or aperiodically distributed, and the microstructure scale is 0.5-400 microns, so that an integrated film with drag reduction, water drainage and deicing characteristics is formed.
The integrated film is adhered to the surface of the aircraft, when the aircraft flies normally, on one hand, air acts on the surface microstructure 2 to generate 'secondary vortex' between the microstructures, the generation and development of the secondary vortex weakens the strength of a flow direction vortex pair, so that friction resistance is reduced, on the other hand, when the aircraft flies in a cold environment, supercooled water drops fall on the surface of the microstructure, and the effect of hydrophobic and rebound water drops on the surface of the microstructure 2 is utilized to play a role in preventing icing; when the environment continues to be severe, supercooled water drops adhere to the microstructure surface 2, and the delayed icing effect of the microstructure surface 2 is utilized to play a role in delaying icing; when water drops freeze on the microstructure surface 2 to form an ice layer, the film 1 and the microstructure 2 are heated simultaneously based on the electrothermal effect of the film, so that the adhesion force between the microstructure surface and the ice layer is greatly reduced, and the ice layer is separated from the microstructure surface 2 under the action of small external force. Based on the direct preparation of the micro-structure surfaces 2 with different shapes, different distributions and different dimensions on the surface of the electrothermal film 1, the drag reduction and the water drainage of the micro-structure surfaces 2 and the electrothermal effect of the electrothermal film 1 and the micro-structure surfaces 2 are utilized to realize the multifunctional characteristics of drag reduction, water drainage/deicing and the like of the integrated film and improve the drag reduction, water drainage/deicing effects of an aircraft.
The integrated film is directly prepared on the surface of the electrothermal film by adopting a laser precision processing technology, and the microstructure surface and the electrothermal film have the same electrothermal performance, so that the defects of easy falling off and uneven heat transfer in the spraying process are overcome, and the problem of temperature mismatch caused by multilayer compounding is thoroughly solved; the integrated film has the multifunctional effects of drag reduction, water drainage, deicing and the like, has simple process and is suitable for industrialization and engineering application.
Claims (1)
1. The drag-reducing, hydrophobic/deicing integrated film is characterized in that microstructures with different shapes, different distributions and different scales are directly prepared on a low-voltage rapid heating electrothermal film;
the electrothermal film is epoxy resin, PMIA and PDMS; the mass percentage content is as follows: 88 to 98.8 percent of epoxy resin, PMIA and PDMS, 0.1 to 7.0 percent of carbon nano tube as filling material, 0.1 to 3.0 percent of graphene, and 1.0 to 2.0 percent of surfactant and curing agent; the heating characteristic is as follows: heating the electrothermal film for 25s at the temperature of 50 ℃ under the voltage of 3V; in a non-icing state, the anti-drag performance of the micro-structure surface is achieved; in the icing state, the micro-structure has the hydrophobic and deicing performances before, during and after icing, and the surface of the micro-structure has hydrophobic and rebound water drops before icing; in icing, the micro-structure surface delays icing; after icing, the electrothermal effect of the film with low voltage reduces the adhesion between ice and the surface and has quick deicing performance;
the shape, distribution and scale characteristics of the prepared microstructure are as follows: microstructure shapes include, but are not limited to, unidirectional, bi-directional pi and delta shapes; the microstructure distribution includes periodic or non-periodic distribution; the microstructure scale is 0.5-400 micrometers; the integral dimension of the integrated film is 300mm multiplied by 400mm;
the integrated film is characterized in that: average drag reduction rate is greater than 5% under subsonic conditions; the static water contact angle reaches more than 150 ℃; at 3V voltage, the adhesion of the surface ice coating is reduced to below 70KPa within 44 s.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111613730.5A CN114369336B (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Drag-reducing, hydrophobic/deicing integrated film |
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| CN202111613730.5A CN114369336B (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Drag-reducing, hydrophobic/deicing integrated film |
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| CN114369336A CN114369336A (en) | 2022-04-19 |
| CN114369336B true CN114369336B (en) | 2023-07-21 |
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| CN115195241B (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2023-12-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | In-situ wettability conversion structure, preparation method thereof and liquid drop dynamic control platform prepared by same |
Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101704410A (en) * | 2009-12-03 | 2010-05-12 | 上海交通大学 | Nano superhydrophobic surface used for airplane antifreezing and deicing and preparation method thereof |
| CN104867540A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-26 | 浙江科创新材料科技有限公司 | Low-haze transparent conductive film and preparation method thereof |
| CN108395752A (en) * | 2018-03-24 | 2018-08-14 | 厦门中凯新材石墨烯科技有限公司 | Coating and preparation method thereof is applied in a kind of graphene anticorrosion |
| CN108454816A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-08-28 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of anti-deicing covering of novel micro nanometer body structure surface |
| CN110628058A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-12-31 | 陕西科技大学 | Preparation method of conductive super-hydrophobic carbon nanotube/polymer flexible film |
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- 2021-12-27 CN CN202111613730.5A patent/CN114369336B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101704410A (en) * | 2009-12-03 | 2010-05-12 | 上海交通大学 | Nano superhydrophobic surface used for airplane antifreezing and deicing and preparation method thereof |
| CN104867540A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-26 | 浙江科创新材料科技有限公司 | Low-haze transparent conductive film and preparation method thereof |
| CN108454816A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-08-28 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of anti-deicing covering of novel micro nanometer body structure surface |
| CN108395752A (en) * | 2018-03-24 | 2018-08-14 | 厦门中凯新材石墨烯科技有限公司 | Coating and preparation method thereof is applied in a kind of graphene anticorrosion |
| CN110628058A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-12-31 | 陕西科技大学 | Preparation method of conductive super-hydrophobic carbon nanotube/polymer flexible film |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 仿生超疏水表面技术及其军事应用;余斌;吴学忠;肖定邦;;国防科技(05);全文 * |
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