CN114369191B - Preparation method of super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material - Google Patents
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
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- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
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- C08F222/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/08—Copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/14—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated esters
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- C08J2435/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2435/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of esters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material, which is prepared by in-situ polymerization of styrene, a cross-linking agent and a low-surface-energy modifier under the action of an initiator, water and a lipophilic emulsifier. The low surface energy modifier is one of a composition of poly (dimethyl-methylvinylsiloxane) and poly (dimethyl-methylhydrosiloxane), a composition of vinyl-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane) and trimethylsilyl-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane) -co-methyl-hydrosiloxane, a composition of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and methyltriacetoxysilane, a composition of allyl-silicon-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and octamethyltetrasiloxane. The porous material prepared by the invention has excellent hydrophobic property and oleophylic property, and can continuously separate oil-water immiscible mixture and oil-water emulsion stabilized by surfactant in a suction filtration mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of porous materials, in particular to a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material.
Background
Frequent oil leakage accidents and the discharge of large amounts of industrial oily wastewater cause serious environmental pollution and huge economic loss. The traditional oily wastewater treatment method (chemical reagent dispersion, centrifugation, on-site incineration and oil skimmer collection) generally consumes a large amount of energy and has the problems of low separation efficiency, secondary pollution and the like. The super-hydrophobic/super-oleophylic material developed based on the bionic strategy can effectively realize oil-water separation through filtration, and becomes a research hotspot in the field of oil pollution treatment.
At present, researchers have researched a series of oil-water separation materials with special wetting functions in laboratories, such as polymer films, inorganic films, ultrathin carbon nanowires, metal filter screen films, modified sponges, metal foams, metal particles and the like. Compared with metal matrix and carbon material matrix, the oil-water separation material using polymer as matrix has the advantages of wide selectivity, excellent corrosion resistance, diversified modification methods, adjustable comprehensive performance and the like. Meanwhile, when preparing a wettability material with a pore structure in the modes of electrostatic spinning, freeze drying, 3D printing, chemical surface modification, physical coating and the like, the wettability material has defects of different degrees in the aspects of preparation cost, use scale, production period, separation flux, material stability, material service life and the like.
The high internal phase emulsion template method is to take the continuous phase of the high internal phase emulsion as a polymerization phase and the disperse phase as a pore-forming template, carry out polymerization reaction at a certain temperature, and obtain the polymer material with a porous structure after washing and drying after polymerization. The high internal phase emulsion template method has the advantages of capability of accurately regulating and controlling the size and distribution of the diameters of the holes and the channels, easiness in process adjustment, relatively mild reaction conditions, low equipment requirements, low cost, short period and the like, and is beneficial to macro preparation and marketing popularization and application of materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material, which has the advantages of simple process, easy adjustment of the process and low cost.
The preparation method of the super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material provided by the invention is prepared by in-situ polymerization of styrene, a cross-linking agent and a low-surface-energy modifier under the action of an initiator, water and a lipophilic emulsifier.
The low surface energy modifier is a combination of two polydimethylsiloxanes. Preferably, the low surface energy modifier is one of a composition of poly (dimethyl-methylvinylsiloxane) and poly (dimethyl-methylhydrosiloxane), a composition of vinyl-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane) and trimethylsilyl-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane) -co-methyl-hydrosiloxane, a composition of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and methyltriacetoxysilane, a composition of allyl-silicon-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and octamethyltetrasiloxane.
The cross-linking agent is one of divinylbenzene, triallyl isocyanurate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate.
The initiator is one of sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, cumene hydroperoxide, azo diisobutyl amidine hydrochloride, a sodium persulfate/sodium bisulfite composite system and an ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulfite composite system.
The lipophilic emulsifier is one of glycol fatty acid ester, MOA-3, MOA-5, oleate, span80, span60, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexastearate and glyceryl monostearate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) 1-20 parts by weight of initiator are dissolved in 1000-3000 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain initiator solution A.
(2) Adding the initiator solution A into a mixed solution B consisting of 10-60 parts by weight of styrene, 10-50 parts by weight of cross-linking agent, 1-10 parts by weight of low surface energy modifier and 5-30 parts by weight of lipophilic emulsifier, and mechanically stirring and emulsifying for 5-60min at 200-1000r/min to obtain a prepolymerized system.
(3) And (3) reacting the prepolymer system obtained in the step (2) for 4-24 hours at 20-80 ℃, cleaning the product by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying by blowing at 40-100 ℃ for 8-24 hours to obtain the super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The porous material prepared by the invention has excellent hydrophobic property and oleophylic property, and can continuously separate oil-water immiscible mixture and oil-water emulsion stabilized by surfactant in a suction filtration mode. The application of the material in treating large-area water pollution is expected to be realized.
(2) The preparation method prepares the super-hydrophobic porous material by one step, and has simple process and low cost; and water is used as a dispersion medium, and no toxic or harmful solvent is used, so that the method accords with the sustainable development trend of green environmental protection. By adjusting factors such as the addition proportion of the initiator and the monomer components, the mechanical stirring speed, the emulsifying time and the like, the mechanical property, the microstructure, the hydrophobic property and the oil-water emulsion separation property of a target product are controlled, so that a new experimental technical route is provided for the super-hydrophobic porous material for oil-water emulsion separation. Is expected to realize the mass preparation and marketing of the material.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the static contact angles of the products obtained in comparative examples 1-3 and example 1.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the superhydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the water/oil contact angle and macroscopic hydrophobic/oleophilic properties of the superhydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material prepared in example 1.
FIG. 4 shows the separation of water and oil under turbulent conditions of the superhydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material prepared in example 1.
FIG. 5 is a test of the separation efficiency of the polystyrene-based porous materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3 and example 1 with respect to petroleum ether.
Fig. 6 is a drawing showing that the superhydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material prepared in example 1 realizes continuous separation of an immiscible oil-water mixture by suction filtration.
FIG. 7 shows that the super-hydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material prepared in example 1 realizes continuous separation of oil-water emulsion by suction filtration.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A super-hydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material is prepared by the following steps: (1) Dispersing 2 parts by weight of sodium persulfate in 2000 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain a solution A containing sodium persulfate; (2) Adding 2002 parts by weight of solution A into a mixed solution B consisting of 30 parts by weight of styrene, 20 parts by weight of divinylbenzene, 4 parts by weight of poly (dimethyl-methyl vinyl siloxane) and 0.4 part by weight of a two-component low-surface-energy modifier consisting of poly (dimethyl-methyl hydrogen siloxane) and 15 parts by weight of Span80 lipophilic emulsifier, and mechanically stirring and emulsifying for 10 minutes at 200r/min to obtain a prepolymerized system; (3) And (3) reacting the prepolymer system obtained in the step (2) for 8 hours at 65 ℃, washing the product with absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying the product with air at 50 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material.
Example 2:
a super-hydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material is prepared by the following steps: (1) Dispersing 2 parts by weight of azo diisobutyl amidine hydrochloride in 1000 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain a solution A containing the azo diisobutyl amidine hydrochloride; (2) 1002 parts by weight of solution A was added to a mixed solution B consisting of 30 parts by weight of styrene, 20 parts by weight of divinylbenzene, 4 parts by weight of vinyl-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane) and 0.4 part by weight of a two-component low surface energy modifier consisting of trimethylsilyl-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane) -co-methyl-hydrosiloxane and 15 parts by weight of Span80 lipophilic emulsifier, and emulsified by mechanical stirring at 600r/min for 10min to obtain a prepolymerized system; (3) And (3) reacting the prepolymer system obtained in the step (2) for 24 hours at 40 ℃, washing the product with absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying the product for 24 hours at 80 ℃ by blowing to obtain the super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material.
Example 3:
a super-hydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material is prepared by the following steps: (1) Dispersing 20 parts by weight of cumene hydroperoxide in 2000 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain a cumene hydroperoxide-containing solution A; (2) 2020 parts by weight of solution A is added into a mixed solution B consisting of 20 parts by weight of styrene, 30 parts by weight of pentaerythritol triacrylate, 10 parts by weight of hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 1 part by weight of methyl triacetoxy silane, and 10 parts by weight of ethylene glycol fatty acid ester lipophilic emulsifier, and the mixture is mechanically stirred and emulsified for 30 minutes at 200r/min to obtain a prepolymerization system; (3) And (3) reacting the prepolymer system obtained in the step (2) for 8 hours at 80 ℃, washing the product with absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying the product with air at 100 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material.
Example 4:
a super-hydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material is prepared by the following steps: (1) 2 parts by weight of sodium persulfate/sodium hydrogensulfite (w Sodium persulfate :w Sodium bisulfite =1:1) in 3000 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain a solution a containing a sodium persulfate/sodium bisulfite composite system; (2) 3002 parts by weight of solution A was added to 30 parts by weight of a two-component low surface energy modifier consisting of styrene, 10 parts by weight of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2 parts by weight of allyl silicon-based blocked polydimethylsiloxane and 0.2 part by weight of octamethyltetrasiloxane and 30 parts by weightIn a mixed solution B consisting of oleic acid ester lipophilic emulsifier, mechanically stirring and emulsifying for 5min at 1000r/min to obtain a prepolymerization system; (3) And (3) reacting the prepolymer system obtained in the step (2) for 16 hours at 40 ℃, washing the product with absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying the product for 24 hours at 40 ℃ by blowing to obtain the super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material.
Example 5:
a super-hydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material is prepared by the following steps: (1) Dispersing 20 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulphite in 2000 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain a solution A containing an ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulphite composite system; (2) 2020 parts by weight of solution A is added into a mixed solution B consisting of 30 parts by weight of styrene, 20 parts by weight of triallyl isocyanurate, 2 parts by weight of allyl silicon-based end-capped polydimethylsiloxane and 0.2 part by weight of octamethyltetrasiloxane, and 15 parts by weight of glycerol monostearate lipophilic emulsifier, and the mixture is mechanically stirred and emulsified for 10 minutes at 600r/min to obtain a prepolymerization system; (3) And (3) reacting the prepolymer system obtained in the step (2) for 4 hours at 65 ℃, washing the product with absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying the product with air at 50 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material.
Comparative example 1:
a polystyrene-based porous material free of a low surface energy modifier prepared by the steps of: (1) Dispersing 2 parts by weight of sodium persulfate in 2000 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain a solution A containing sodium persulfate; (2) Adding 2002 weight parts of solution A into a mixed solution B consisting of 30 weight parts of styrene, 20 weight parts of dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate and 15 weight parts of Span80 lipophilic emulsifier, and mechanically stirring and emulsifying for 10min at 200r/min to obtain a prepolymerization system; (3) And (3) reacting the prepolymer system obtained in the step (2) for 8 hours at 65 ℃, washing the product with absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying the product with air at 50 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the polystyrene-based porous material.
Comparative example 2
A polystyrene-based porous material of a single-component low-surface-energy modifier is prepared by the following steps: (1) Dispersing 2 parts by weight of sodium persulfate in 2000 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain a solution A containing sodium persulfate; (2) Adding 2002 weight parts of solution A into a mixed solution B consisting of 30 weight parts of styrene, 20 weight parts of divinylbenzene, 4.4 weight parts of a single-component low surface energy modifier consisting of poly (dimethyl-methyl hydrogen siloxane) and 15 weight parts of Span80 lipophilic emulsifier, and mechanically stirring and emulsifying for 10min at 200r/min to obtain a prepolymerized system; (3) And (3) reacting the prepolymer system obtained in the step (2) for 8 hours at 65 ℃, washing the product with absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying the product with air at 50 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material.
Comparative example 3
A polystyrene-based porous material of a single-component low-surface-energy modifier is prepared by the following steps: (1) Dispersing 2 parts by weight of sodium persulfate in 2000 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain a solution A containing sodium persulfate; (2) Adding 2002 weight parts of solution A into a mixed solution B consisting of 30 weight parts of styrene, 20 weight parts of divinylbenzene, 4.4 weight parts of poly (dimethyl-methyl vinyl siloxane) single-component low surface energy modifier and 15 weight parts of Span80 lipophilic emulsifier, and mechanically stirring and emulsifying for 10min at 200r/min to obtain a prepolymerization system; (3) And (3) reacting the prepolymer system obtained in the step (2) for 8 hours at 65 ℃, washing the product with absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying the product with air at 50 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material.
The performance test is as follows:
(1) Static contact angle test (WCA/OCA): the surface of the superhydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material prepared in example 1 was tested for Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Oil Contact Angle (OCA) using an OCA25 tester from Dataphysics, germany. The test results are shown in FIG. 1.
(2) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): the morphology of the super-hydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material prepared in the example 1 is analyzed by adopting a JSM-7500F scanning electron microscope, the accelerating voltage is 20.0KV, surface metal spraying treatment is needed before the sample test, and the test result is shown in figure 2.
(3) Macroscopic hydrophobic/lipophilicity performance test: dyeing water with water-soluble pigment (brilliant green); petroleum ether was dyed using an oil-soluble pigment (oil Red O). Macroscopic hydrophobic/oleophilic performance tests were performed on the surface of the superhydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material prepared in example 1. The test results are shown in FIG. 3.
(4) Macroscopic oil-water separation test
Petroleum ether and chloroform are dyed by using oil-soluble pigment (oil red O). As shown in FIG. 4, the super-hydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material prepared in example 1 was subjected to light oil/water, heavy oil/water, and simulated turbulence under stirring to separate oil from water, wherein a, b, and c are separation diagrams under stirring of light oil/water, heavy oil/water, petroleum ether, and water, respectively.
(5) Separation efficiency test
The polystyrene-based porous materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3 and example 1 were used as oil absorbing materials, and oil-water immiscible liquid separation efficiency test was performed by a pump. The specific test method comprises the following steps: the water inlet of the pump is connected with the oil absorbing material, and the water outlet of the pump is connected with the beaker (serving as an oil collecting device). 50g deionized water, 50g petroleum ether were weighed into a beaker. The oil absorbing material is used for continuously separating petroleum ether/water immiscible liquid through a pump. After separation is complete, weigh mass m of water in beaker 1 . Oil-water immiscible liquid separation efficiency=m 1 50 x 100%. The test results are shown in FIG. 5.
(6) The superhydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material prepared in example 1 was subjected to continuous light oil (heavy oil)/water separation test by a pump. The specific test method comprises the following steps: the water inlet of the pump was connected with an oil absorbing material (the porous material prepared in example 1 of the present invention was used as the oil absorbing material), and the water outlet of the pump was connected with a beaker to be used as an oil collecting device. The oil absorbing material is continuously collected by a pump on water surface light oil (petroleum ether is dyed by oil red O) and underwater heavy oil (chloroform is dyed by oil red O) (see figure 6).
(7) The super-hydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material prepared in example 1 was subjected to an oil-water emulsion separation test. The specific test method comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of oil-water emulsion: surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions (water/petroleum ether) were prepared, at V Water and its preparation method ：V Oil (oil) =1: 99, 5g/L Span80 surfactant is added, and the mixture is stirred for 3 hours at 1500r/min to obtain stable oilWater-in-water emulsions. (2) oil-water emulsion separation: the water inlet of the pump was connected with an oil absorbing material (the porous material prepared in example 1 of the present invention was used as the oil absorbing material), and the water outlet of the pump was connected with a beaker as an oil collecting device. The oil absorbing material was continuously collected by a pump for the oil-water emulsion as shown in fig. 7a. Observing the liquid before and after separation using an eyepiece-less inverted fluorescence digital microscope, see fig. 7b, it can be seen that there are many droplets in the milky water-in-oil emulsion before separation; but a clear oil phase was obtained after separation, with no observed droplets in the filtrate after separation.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is intended to be limited to the following embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents and modifications can be made to the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material is characterized by comprising the steps of in-situ polymerization of styrene, a cross-linking agent and a low-surface-energy modifier under the action of an initiator, water and a lipophilic emulsifier; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving an initiator in deionized water to obtain an initiator solution A;
(2) Adding the initiator solution A into a mixed solution B consisting of styrene, a cross-linking agent, a low surface energy modifier and a lipophilic emulsifier, and stirring and emulsifying for 5-60min to obtain a prepolymerization system;
(3) Reacting the prepolymer system obtained in the step (2) for 4-24 hours at 20-80 ℃, cleaning the product by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying by blowing at 40-100 ℃ for 8-24 hours to obtain the super-hydrophobic polystyrene porous material;
wherein, the dosage proportion of each raw material is as follows:
1-20 parts of initiator, 1000-3000 parts of deionized water, 10-60 parts of styrene, 10-50 parts of cross-linking agent, 1-10 parts of low surface energy modifier and 5-30 parts of lipophilic emulsifier;
the low surface energy modifier is one of a composition of poly (dimethyl-methylvinylsiloxane) and poly (dimethyl-methylhydrosiloxane), a composition of vinyl-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane) and trimethylsilyl-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane) -co-methyl-hydrosiloxane, a composition of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and methyltriacetoxysilane, a composition of allyl-silicon-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and octamethyltetrasiloxane;
the cross-linking agent is one of divinylbenzene, triallyl isocyanurate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate;
the lipophilic emulsifier is one of glycol fatty acid ester, MOA-3, MOA-5, oleate, span80, span60, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexastearate and glyceryl monostearate.
2. The method for preparing a superhydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material according to claim 1, wherein the initiator is one of sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, cumene hydroperoxide, azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride, a sodium persulfate/sodium bisulfite composite system, and a ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulfite composite system.
3. A superhydrophobic polystyrene-based porous material made by the method of claim 1 or 2.
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