CN114368751A - High-efficiency activated carbon activation process and activation device - Google Patents
High-efficiency activated carbon activation process and activation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114368751A CN114368751A CN202210043129.5A CN202210043129A CN114368751A CN 114368751 A CN114368751 A CN 114368751A CN 202210043129 A CN202210043129 A CN 202210043129A CN 114368751 A CN114368751 A CN 114368751A
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/39—Apparatus for the preparation thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
Abstract
The invention provides an efficient activated carbon activation process and an activation device, which comprise: (a) a main heat supply part supplying heat to the inside of the activation chamber by burning combustible gas; (b) the auxiliary heat supply part introduces the flue gas generated before the activated carbon activation treatment into the activation chamber to be used as heat supply fuel for combustion, and the heat generated by the combustion of the auxiliary heat supply part and the main heat supply part enables the temperature in the activation chamber to be maintained at 850-; (c) and an activation treatment part, which is used for introducing supersaturated steam into the activation chamber at the temperature of 850-1050 ℃ to activate the activated carbon. The flue gas that produces before the active carbon activation treatment lets in supplementary heat supply part and burns for activation chamber heat supply, and cooperation flow adjustable main heat supply part effectively controls the required temperature of technology all the time of activation chamber when guaranteeing supplementary heat supply part sustained combustion, realizes that the waste gas that the regeneration treatment process of useless active carbon produced is effective, minimizing, innoxious and utilization as resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of activated carbon regeneration, in particular to an efficient activated carbon activation process and an efficient activated carbon activation device.
Background
The activated carbon is prepared by pyrolyzing and activating carbon-containing raw materials such as wood, coal, petroleum coke and the like, has a developed pore structure, a large specific surface area and abundant surface chemical groups, and has specific adsorption capacity widely applied to various fields such as chemical industry, food, pharmacy, environmental protection and the like.
And Chinese patent CN111632584A discloses a regeneration process of waste honeycomb activated carbon, which comprises the following steps: s01: performing pyrolysis desorption, namely preheating the waste honeycomb activated carbon, and then performing pyrolysis desorption at the temperature of 500-600 ℃; s02: activating, namely activating the activated carbon subjected to thermal desorption in the step S01 by adopting water vapor at the temperature of 850-950 ℃; s03: and (4) cooling, namely cooling the activated carbon in the step S02 to obtain regenerated activated carbon, wherein the technical scheme realizes the regeneration and recovery of the adsorption performance of the waste honeycomb activated carbon by a two-stage regeneration technology of 'pyrolysis desorption regeneration + activation regeneration'.
In the technical scheme, however, desorption gas generated by pyrolysis desorption and gas in an activation chamber are pumped by a vacuum air pump and then enter a secondary combustion chamber for secondary combustion treatment; according to the applicant, on one hand, desorption gas generated by pyrolysis desorption is mainly organic waste gas which has a certain combustion value and relatively large waste gas amount, and is directly sent into a secondary combustion chamber to be combusted, so that energy waste is caused, and the purification treatment load of the waste gas after combustion is increased; on the other hand, the waste gas in the activation chamber contains higher moisture, and the waste gas is directly sent into the secondary combustion chamber for combustion, so that the secondary combustion chamber needs higher temperature, often needs to be heated to 850-950 ℃, and needs more energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide an efficient activated carbon activation process aiming at the defects of the prior art, wherein flue gas generated before activated carbon activation treatment is introduced into an auxiliary heat supply part to be combusted so as to supply heat to an activation chamber, and the flow adjustable main heat supply part is matched, so that the auxiliary heat supply part is ensured to be continuously and fully combusted while the temperature required by the process is effectively maintained in the activation chamber all the time, meanwhile, gas generated after the activated treatment in the activation chamber is condensed and filtered and then is introduced into the auxiliary heat supply part again to be combusted, and the regeneration treatment of waste activated carbon is realized while the waste gas generated in the whole process engineering is effectively, quantitatively reduced, harmlessly utilized and recycled.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an efficient activated carbon activation process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) a main heat supply part supplying heat to the inside of the activation chamber by burning combustible gas;
(b) the auxiliary heat supply part is used for introducing flue gas generated in the activated carbon activation treatment process into the activation chamber to be used as heat supply fuel for combustion, and the heat generated by the combustion of the auxiliary heat supply part and the main heat supply part enables the temperature in the activation chamber to be maintained at 850-1050 ℃;
(c) and an activation treatment part, which is used for introducing supersaturated steam into the activation chamber at the temperature of 850-1050 ℃ to activate the activated carbon.
As an improvement, the positive pressure is always kept in the activation chamber, and the activation is carried out under the anoxic condition.
As a modification, the heat generated by the combustion of the auxiliary heat part heats the activation chamber at a temperature lower than the temperature required by the process of maintaining the activation chamber.
As an improvement, the heat generated by the combustion of the flue gas in the auxiliary heat supply part supplies heat to the activation chamber in an indirect mode.
As an improvement, the flue gas in the auxiliary heating part is combusted through a radiant tube burner, and the waste gas generated after combustion is discharged after purification treatment.
As an improvement, combustible gas in the main heat supply part is combusted by a radiant tube burner to supply heat to the activation chamber.
As an improvement, the combustible gas in the main heat supply part is natural gas, and the flow rate is adjustable.
As an improvement, the main heat supply part and the auxiliary heat supply part are arranged up and down, and an activated carbon conveying space is arranged between the main heat supply part and the auxiliary heat supply part.
As the improvement, be equipped with the induced air subassembly in the activation room, supersaturated steam air inlet with assist the heat supply part and be close to the setting of activation room bottom side by side, it constantly erodees the active carbon through the effect of induced air subassembly, and the gas in the activation room is reintroduced after condensation, purification assist the heat supply part and burn.
In addition, in order to realize the process, the invention also provides an efficient activated carbon activation device, which comprises an activation chamber and a gas supply assembly for introducing supersaturated steam into the activation chamber, and is characterized by further comprising:
a first heating unit for burning a combustible gas; and
a second heating unit for burning flue gas generated before the activated carbon activation treatment;
the first heating unit and the second heating unit are installed in the activation chamber.
As an improvement, the first heating unit and the second heating unit respectively comprise a plurality of radiant tube burners which are uniformly arranged.
As an improvement, a plurality of radiant tube burners are arranged in an upper row and a lower row, and an activated carbon conveying space is arranged between the two rows.
As an improvement, the method further comprises the following steps:
the air inducing assembly is arranged above the first heating unit and the second heating unit;
as an improvement, the device also comprises a flow guide assembly, wherein a plurality of flow guide holes are uniformly distributed on the flow guide assembly, the flow guide holes are positioned below the induced air assembly, and an airflow circulating channel is formed between the periphery of the induced air assembly and the inner wall of the activation chamber.
As an improvement, the first heating unit is located above the second heating unit, and the gas supply assembly and the second heating unit are arranged side by side near the bottom of the activation chamber.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the main heat supply part and the auxiliary heat supply part are arranged to heat the activation chamber, and the harmful gas generated before activation is introduced into the auxiliary heat supply part to be combusted, so that the problem of harmful gas treatment is solved, energy is provided for the activation chamber, and by means of the design of the radiant tube, the harmful gas is combusted to independently treat tail gas, so that the tail gas treatment resource is reduced, and energy conservation and emission reduction are realized.
(2) According to the invention, the organic harmful gas generated before the activation process is introduced into the second heating unit arranged in the activation chamber for combustion treatment, so that the waste gas treatment is realized, the energy is provided for the activation chamber, the cost for independently arranging the secondary combustion chamber is saved, the energy required by heating the secondary combustion chamber is saved, and the energy consumption and the carbon emission are greatly reduced;
(3) according to the invention, the natural gas of the main heating part and the flue gas of the auxiliary heating part are combusted through the radiant tube burner, on one hand, waste gas generated by the two parts cannot enter the activation chamber, so that the treatment capacity of the gas in the activation chamber is reduced, condensed water is reused for making steam after the gas in the activation chamber is condensed and filtered, and the cooled gas is sent to the auxiliary heating part again for combustion, so that resource utilization is realized, and meanwhile, the energy consumption is greatly reduced; on the other hand, the natural gas of the main heat supply part is fully combusted and used as clean energy, the fully combusted gas can be directly discharged or used as heat exchange energy without purification treatment, and the energy consumption caused by the treatment of the waste gas in the activation chamber is further greatly reduced;
(4) according to the invention, the air inducing assembly is matched with the flow guide assembly, so that the gas in the activation chamber forms a circulation flow, the activated carbon is continuously washed, and the regeneration efficiency and the regeneration effect of the activated carbon are improved;
in conclusion, the invention has the advantages of low energy consumption, good activated carbon regeneration effect, no need of a secondary combustion chamber for treating harmful gas and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of the overall construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a radiant tube structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the layout structure of the heating unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a baffle configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the present invention in use.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example one
The invention provides an efficient activated carbon activation process, which comprises the following steps:
(a) a main heat supply part for supplying heat to the inside of the activation chamber 1 by burning combustible gas;
(b) the auxiliary heat supply part is used for introducing flue gas generated in the activated carbon activation treatment process into the activation chamber 1 to be used as heat supply fuel for combustion, and the heat generated by the combustion of the auxiliary heat supply part and the main heat supply part enables the temperature in the activation chamber 1 to be maintained at 850-1050 ℃;
(c) and an activation treatment part, which is used for introducing supersaturated steam into the activation chamber 1 at the temperature of 850-1050 ℃ to activate the activated carbon.
It should be noted that the heat supply fuel of the auxiliary heat supply part is from the flue gas generated in the preheating and pyrolysis desorption processes before the activated carbon is activated, and the waste gas generated in the activated carbon regeneration process and the waste gas generated in the regeneration and cooling process in the activation chamber are condensed and purified and then introduced into the auxiliary heat supply part for combustion, so that the waste gas treatment is realized, the energy is provided for the activation chamber, and the cost and the energy consumption for the treatment by independently arranging a secondary combustion chamber in the traditional mode are greatly reduced.
As a modification, the activation chamber 1 is always kept at a positive pressure and is operated under anoxic conditions, wherein the pressure of the activation chamber is preferably 1-3 MPa.
As a modification, the heat generated by the combustion of the auxiliary heat supply part heats the activation chamber 1 to a temperature lower than the temperature required by the process of the activation chamber 1.
As an improvement, the heat generated by the combustion of the flue gas in the auxiliary heat supply part supplies heat to the activation chamber 1 in an indirect mode.
As an improvement, the flue gas in the auxiliary heating part is combusted through a radiant tube combustor 31, and the waste gas generated after combustion is discharged after purification treatment.
As a modification, the combustible gas in the main heating part is combusted by the radiant tube burner 31 to supply heat to the activation chamber.
It should be noted that the main heat supply part adopts natural gas as a gas source, and after the natural gas is combusted by the radiant tube combustor 31, tail gas can be directly discharged; the tail gas after the auxiliary heat supply part is combusted is subjected to centralized treatment, so that the tail gas treatment capacity is reduced, and energy conservation and emission reduction are realized.
As an improvement, the combustible gas in the main heat supply part is natural gas, and the flow rate is adjustable.
It should be noted that, when the temperature in the activation chamber 1 can be maintained within the process temperature range, the gas flow of the main heat supply part is automatically reduced, so that the auxiliary heat supply part can be sufficiently combusted, the harmful gas can be completely combusted, and the treatment effect of the harmful gas is improved.
As an improvement, the main heat supply part and the auxiliary heat supply part are arranged up and down, and an activated carbon conveying space 103 is arranged between the main heat supply part and the auxiliary heat supply part.
As the improvement, be equipped with induced air subassembly 21 in the activation room 1, the supersaturated steam air inlet with assist the heat supply part and be close to activation room 1 bottom side by side and set up, its supersaturated steam constantly erodees the active carbon through the effect of induced air subassembly 21, and the gas in the activation room 1 reintroduces after condensation, purification assist the heat supply part and burn.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1-6, the embodiment provides an efficient activated carbon activation device, which includes an activation chamber 1 and a gas supply assembly 2 for introducing supersaturated steam into the activation chamber 1, where the activation chamber 1 is provided with a feed inlet 11 and a discharge outlet 12, and correspondingly provided with a furnace door for closing the activation chamber 1, the feed inlet 11 of the activation chamber 1 is communicated with a regeneration chamber 101, the discharge outlet 12 thereof is communicated with a cooling chamber 102, the feed inlet 11 and the discharge outlet 12 are provided on two adjacent sidewalls of the activation furnace, and the feed and discharge are preferably pushed by a push rod 13; of course, the mode of the conveyer belt and the like can be selected; a plurality of thermocouples 14 for detecting the furnace temperature are arranged in the activation chamber 1;
further comprising: a first heating unit 3 for burning a combustible gas; and
a second heating unit 4 for burning the flue gas generated before the activated carbon activation treatment;
the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 4 are installed in the activation chamber 1.
It should be noted that the second heating unit 4 is filled with flue gas and combustion-supporting gas generated before the activated carbon activation treatment, wherein the combustion-supporting gas includes air and a small amount of natural gas, and the air input of the natural gas is automatically adjusted through a proportional valve, so that the flue gas is fully combusted.
As shown in fig. 1, the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 4 each include a plurality of radiant tube burners 31 uniformly arranged.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 3, a burner nozzle 313 is disposed at one end of the radiant tube burner 31, a gas inlet 314, a combustion-supporting gas inlet 315 and an exhaust port 316 are disposed on the burner nozzle 313, the radiant tube burner 31 adopts a double-layer structure design, one layer is a heating layer 311, the other layer is a backflow layer 312, the backflow layer 312 is communicated with the exhaust port 316, the retention time of the burned gas in the backflow layer 312 is longer than 2 seconds, and the retention time of the burned harmful gas in a high-temperature region is longer than 2 seconds, so that the harmful gas is fully decomposed.
In addition, the tail gas after combustion in the second heating unit 4 is introduced into a waste gas centralized treatment system, the waste gas centralized treatment system comprises a dust remover, an adsorption device, a dust remover, a washing tower and the like, and the tail gas is treated to a dischargeable standard, the waste gas centralized treatment system is the prior art, and the principle is not repeated in the invention.
Further, the plurality of radiant tube burners 31 are arranged in two rows, one being an upper row and the other being an activated carbon conveying space 103.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 4, the radiant tube burners 31 in the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 4 may be arranged in a staggered manner; as shown in fig. 1, it may be arranged in such a manner that one side is a kind of heating unit.
As a modification, the present embodiment further includes at least one induced air assembly 21 disposed above the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 4, and the induced air assembly 21 is preferably a fan capable of sucking or blowing air.
The embodiment further includes a flow guiding assembly 22, the flow guiding assembly 22 includes a flow guiding plate 221, a plurality of flow guiding holes 2211 are uniformly distributed on the flow guiding plate 221, the flow guiding plate 221 is located below the air inducing assembly 21, and an air circulation channel 105 is formed between the periphery of the flow guiding plate and the inner wall of the activation chamber 1.
It should be noted that the sizes of the plurality of flow guiding holes 2211 are gradually increased outwards along the center corresponding to the induced air assembly 21, that is, the flow guiding hole 2211 near the center of the induced air assembly 21 is small, and the flow guiding hole 2211 far away from the center of the induced air assembly 21 is gradually increased, so that the active carbon is flushed by the air flow, the flushing force of the air flow on the active carbon is kept consistent, the stability and uniformity of the active carbon regeneration process are improved, and the quality of the active carbon regeneration is improved.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 6, high-temperature steam is introduced into the activation chamber 1 through the air supply assembly 2, when the pressure in the activation chamber 1 reaches a rated value, the air supply assembly 2 is automatically closed, of course, when the air pressure of the regeneration furnace is insufficient, the air supply assembly 2 is automatically supplemented, the induced air assembly 21 flows back the steam in the activation chamber 1, so that the steam circulates in the activation chamber 1, circulates upwards along the bottom of the activated carbon 100, and then circulates downwards along the airflow circulation channel 105 to the bottom of the activated carbon 100 after passing through the flow guide assembly, and finally forms a circular flow to activate the activated carbon 100, so that the carbonized VOC is separated from the activated carbon matrix, and the blocked pores of the activated carbon 100 are smoothly dredged.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 6, in which the same or corresponding components as those in embodiment two are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in embodiment two, only the points of difference from embodiment two will be described below for the sake of convenience. The third embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that:
in this embodiment, the first heating unit 3 is located above the second heating unit 4, and preferably, the gas supply unit 2 and the second heating unit 4 are arranged side by side near the bottom of the activation chamber 1.
The second heating unit 4 is used for providing heat by burning organic waste gas, the first heating unit 3 is used for providing energy by burning natural gas, and the energy generated by burning the natural gas is higher than that generated by burning the organic waste gas;
the second heating unit 4 is arranged close to the bottom, so that when the activated carbon enters the activation chamber 1, the activated carbon is prevented from cracking due to overlarge internal stress of the activated carbon caused by overlarge temperature difference due to overlarge temperature difference caused by overhigh temperature of the bottom;
after the activated carbon enters the activation chamber 1, introducing supersaturated steam into the activation chamber 1 through the air supply assembly 2, wherein the first entering area is an area heated by the second heating unit 4 at the bottom, and preheating the supersaturated steam by using the area to ensure that the temperature of the supersaturated steam is quickly raised to the process temperature before the supersaturated steam enters the activated carbon;
in the process of the activation technology, steam passes through the activated carbon from the bottom temperature zone, enters the top temperature zone with higher temperature relative to the top temperature zone, is heated again and flows downwards along the periphery of the guide plate, and in the flowing process, the temperature of the steam reaching the bottom temperature zone is matched with that of the bottom temperature zone through certain temperature reduction, so that the temperature difference of the entering activated carbon is small, the consistency and the stability of the activated carbon activation process are improved, and the adsorption rate of the activated carbon after activation is improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. An efficient activated carbon activation process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) a main heat supply portion that supplies heat to the inside of the activation chamber (1) by burning combustible gas;
(b) the auxiliary heat supply part is used for introducing flue gas generated in the activated carbon activation treatment process into the activation chamber (1) to be used as heat supply fuel for combustion, and the heat generated by the combustion of the auxiliary heat supply part and the main heat supply part enables the temperature in the activation chamber (1) to be maintained at 850-1050 ℃;
(c) and an activation treatment part, which is used for introducing supersaturated steam into the activation chamber (1) at the temperature of 850-1050 ℃ to activate the activated carbon.
2. The activated carbon high-efficiency activation process according to claim 1, characterized in that the activation chamber (1) is always kept at positive pressure and is operated under anoxic conditions.
3. The activated carbon high-efficiency activation process according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat generated by the combustion of the auxiliary heat supply part heats the activation chamber (1) at a temperature lower than the temperature required by the activation chamber (1) to maintain the process.
4. The activated carbon high-efficiency activation process according to claim 1, wherein the heat generated after the combustion of the flue gas in the auxiliary heat supply part supplies heat to the activation chamber (1) in an indirect manner.
5. The activated carbon high-efficiency activation process according to claim 4, wherein the flue gas in the auxiliary heat supply part and the combustible gas in the main heat supply part are respectively combusted through corresponding radiant tube burners (31) to supply heat to the activation chamber, and the waste gas generated after the flue gas in the auxiliary heat supply part is combusted is discharged after being purified.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein the combustible gas in the main heating part is natural gas and the flow rate is adjustable.
7. The activated carbon high-efficiency activation process according to claim 1, characterized in that an induced air assembly (21) is arranged in the activation chamber (1), the supersaturated steam inlet and the auxiliary heat supply part are arranged side by side and close to the bottom of the activation chamber (1), the activated carbon is continuously flushed through the action of the induced air assembly (21), and gas in the activation chamber (1) is condensed and purified and then introduced into the auxiliary heat supply part for combustion.
8. The utility model provides a high-efficient activation device of active carbon, includes activation chamber (1) and is used for letting in the air feed subassembly (2) of supersaturated steam in to activation chamber (1), its characterized in that still includes:
a first heating unit (3) with adjustable flow rate for burning combustible gas; and
a second heating unit (4) for burning flue gas generated during the activated carbon activation treatment;
the heat generated by the first heating unit (3) and the second heating unit (4) is used for maintaining the temperature required by the process in the activation chamber (1) all the time, and the first heating unit and the second heating unit are both arranged in the activation chamber (1).
9. The activated carbon high-efficiency activation device according to claim 8, characterized in that the first heating unit (3) and the second heating unit (4) each comprise a plurality of uniformly arranged radiant tube burners (31).
10. The activated carbon high-efficiency activation device according to claim 9, characterized in that the plurality of radiant tube burners (31) are arranged in two rows, one above the other, and an activated carbon conveying space (103) is arranged between the two rows.
11. The activated carbon high-efficiency activation apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, further comprising:
at least one induced draft assembly (21) disposed above the first heating unit (3) and the second heating unit (4).
12. The activated carbon high-efficiency activation device according to claim 11, further comprising a flow guide assembly (22), wherein a plurality of flow guide holes are uniformly distributed on the flow guide assembly (22), the flow guide holes are positioned below the induced air assembly (21), and an airflow circulation channel (105) is formed between the periphery of the induced air assembly and the inner wall of the activation chamber (1).
13. The activated carbon high-efficiency activation device according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the first heating unit (3) is positioned above the second heating unit (4), and the gas supply assembly (2) and the second heating unit (4) are arranged side by side near the bottom of the activation chamber (1).
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