CN114368262A - Electric heating device and electric vehicle - Google Patents
Electric heating device and electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114368262A CN114368262A CN202210100650.8A CN202210100650A CN114368262A CN 114368262 A CN114368262 A CN 114368262A CN 202210100650 A CN202210100650 A CN 202210100650A CN 114368262 A CN114368262 A CN 114368262A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
- B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed herein are an electric heating device and an electric vehicle, wherein the electric heating device includes two heating units (100) arranged in a height direction in a stacked manner, each heating unit (100) is configured to convert electric energy into thermal energy, each heating unit (100) includes a thin film heating element (110), and each thin film heating element (110) is located at a lower portion of the heating unit (100) thereof. By arranging the heating units in a stacked manner, the film heating element of each heating unit is positioned at the lower part of the heating unit, and only the lower side of the heating unit is a high-temperature area, so that an electric appliance element is convenient to arrange, and the space utilization rate is increased. And, heating chamber upper portion does not have the zone of heating, avoids because the bubble in the heating chamber is detained at heating chamber inner wall top and to heat transfer and the adverse effect that film heating element produced. The film heating elements of the two heating units are not in a close-proximity state, so that the mutual influence of convection and radiation of the two film heating elements is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of electric heating devices, and more particularly, to an electric heating apparatus and an electric vehicle.
Background
In electric vehicles (such as hybrid vehicles or electric only vehicles), an electric heating device is typically provided to achieve temperature control of the vehicle's internal environment. Specifically, the electric heating device is electrically connected with a power battery of the electric vehicle, and a heating element in the electric heating device converts electric energy into heat energy, and then transfers the heat energy to the environment in the vehicle or a battery pack so as to realize cabin heating and battery pack heating.
The conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy by electrical heating devices is usually achieved by means of a heat transfer medium. After the heating element of the electric heating equipment generates heat, the heat is transferred to the heat transfer medium with relatively low temperature, so that the heat transfer medium is converted into the heat transfer medium with relatively high temperature. In the prior art, the electric heating equipment can adopt the forms of resistance wire, PTC, thick film and thin film heating, etc., wherein the thermal efficiency of the thin film heating form is more than or equal to 95 percent, which is the highest among the above forms of electric heating equipment. The electric heating equipment adopting the thin film heating generally has a plane heat transfer structure, a single-layer flat plate structure is adopted, and the heat power per unit area of the heater has certain limitation (about 40-50W/cm)2). Along with the increase of the battery capacity of the whole vehicle equipment and the requirements of heating of a cockpit, defrosting, demisting and the like, the power requirement of the whole vehicle on the electric heater is continuously increased. This requires the electrical heater to have a larger and larger planar area for the heater layer. Because of the area of the heating surfaceThe increase brings the following disadvantages:
1. the arrangement space of the whole vehicle occupied by the heater is increased;
2. the flatness requirement of the heating surface is difficult to achieve;
3. the rigidity of the heating cavity is reduced, so that the heating cavity is more easily deformed and resonated, and the heater is damaged;
4. the number of flow passages of the heater is increased, the pressure drop is increased, and the circulating pressure drop of the whole vehicle heat management system is increased.
For solving above-mentioned problem, the heater that has adopted two zone of heating has appeared, and the double zone of heating scheme known at present has two kinds, and scheme 1 is the zone of heating of setting up in the upper and lower two sides of single heating chamber, and scheme 2 is that the zone of heating that adopts two heating chambers nevertheless arranges relatively (i.e. the zone of heating of two heating chambers is face-to-face each other) above the scheme all has some drawbacks:
1. in the scheme 1, because the upper surface and the lower surface of the heating cavity are high-temperature areas, extra space is needed for arranging electric elements such as PCBA and the like, and the problem that the heater occupies the arrangement space of the whole vehicle cannot be solved;
2. no matter scheme 1 and scheme 2, all have a face zone of heating to arrange above the heating chamber, because the bubble in the runner can rise in heat exchange medium and contact even partly adhere to the top of heating intracavity wall and can not get rid of, if the zone of heating is set up in the top of heating chamber, the great thermal resistance that forms between bubble that the heating intracavity wall top is detained and the heat exchange medium makes the heat transfer efficiency of zone of heating to heat exchange medium show the reduction to can lead to the zone of heating local overheat or even burn out.
3. The high temperature generated by the two heating layers of scheme 2 affects each other through convection and radiation, resulting in higher temperature of the heating resistor, thereby affecting the service life of the heating resistor.
4. The cavity formed between the two heating cavities of scheme 2 is not beneficial to arranging the unit monitoring circuit board because high-temperature heat sources exist at the upper part and the lower part. The reason is that the temperature that the circuit board and the electrical components arranged thereon can withstand is limited (typically 125 c).
Therefore, how to ensure a good service life while increasing the heating power and satisfying the design space becomes a technical problem to be solved in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides an electric heating apparatus to increase heating power while occupying a small area.
According to the present application, there is provided an electric heating apparatus, wherein the electric heating apparatus includes two heating units arranged in a height direction in a stacked manner, each of the heating units being configured to convert electric energy into thermal energy, each of the heating units including a thin-film heating element, each of the thin-film heating elements being located at a lower portion of the heating unit thereof.
Optionally, the heating unit stacked above is a first heating unit, the heating unit stacked below is a second heating unit, the height of the first heating unit is greater than that of the second heating unit, so as to set a main control circuit board of the electric heating device above the first heating unit, and the thin film heating elements of the first heating unit and the second heating unit are respectively connected to the main control circuit board through electrodes P.
Optionally, the power of the first heating unit is 70% -100% of the total power 1/2 of the electric heating device, and the power of the second heating unit is 100% -130% of the total power 1/2 of the electric heating device.
Optionally, the film heating elements of the first heating unit and the second heating unit are connected in parallel, and the ratio of the total power of the electric heating device occupied by the first heating unit and the second heating unit is distributed by setting the resistance value of the film heating element.
Optionally: the main control circuit board is provided with an inlet water temperature sensor T1, a first middle temperature sensor T2 and a first outlet water temperature sensor T3, and the first middle temperature sensor T2 is arranged at the position where the temperature of the outer surface of the upper part of the first heating unit is highest; and/or a cavity is formed between the two heating units, the electric heating device comprises a unit monitoring circuit board arranged in the cavity, and a second middle temperature sensor T4 and a second outlet water temperature sensor T5 are arranged on the unit monitoring circuit board.
Optionally, the heating unit includes a housing and a bottom plate, the housing and the bottom plate define a heat exchange cavity S, the housing includes a top wall and a side wall, the bottom plate includes a plurality of heat exchange fins protruding in a height direction and a step portion extending in the height direction and protruding above tops of the heat exchange fins, the step portion is connected with the top wall by stitch welding, and an edge of the bottom plate is connected with the side wall by stitch welding.
Optionally, n welding beads are formed at the connection position of the stepped part and the top wall, the welding bead center distance L is 45mm-70mm, and the n welding beads are symmetrically arranged about the center line of the heating unit in the width direction.
Optionally, the heat exchange fin and the step part divide the exchange cavity into an inflow cavity, a medium flow channel and an outflow cavity, and a labyrinth structure C is arranged between the step part and the side wall to prevent fluid medium from moving among the inflow cavity, the medium flow channel and the outflow cavity.
Optionally, the electric heating device includes a total water inlet, a total water outlet, and a flow divider, and the medium flow channel of each heating unit shares the total water inlet and the total water outlet through the flow divider.
Optionally, the flow divider includes a first flow divider, the first flow divider includes a fluid cavity communicated with the total water inlet and a protrusion arranged in the fluid cavity, the protrusion protrudes toward the total water inlet to divide the fluid cavity into two chambers communicated with the total water inlet, and each chamber has a flow divider outlet communicated with the corresponding inlet of the medium flow channel of the heating unit.
Optionally, the protrusion divides the fluid cavity into two chambers arranged in a stacking direction of the heating unit, so as to implement flow distribution from the total water inlet to each of the splitter outlets by a distance from the corresponding protrusion to a central axis of the total water inlet.
Optionally, the flow divider includes a second flow divider, and the medium flow channels of the heating units are connected in series through the second flow divider to share the total water inlet and the total water outlet.
Optionally, the second flow divider includes an inlet cavity and an outlet cavity which are isolated from each other and arranged along the stacking direction of the heating units, the medium channel of one of the heating units is communicated with one of the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity, the medium channel of the other of the heating units is communicated with the other of the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity, and the medium channels of the two heating units are connected in series with each other.
Optionally, a sealing gasket is arranged between the flow divider and the heating unit, and a glue accommodating groove G extending to the sealing gasket is arranged at an edge of a surface of the flow divider, which is joined to the heating unit.
Optionally, the electric heating device includes an upper cover and a lower cover, the upper cover is mounted above the heating unit stacked above, and the lower cover is mounted below the heating unit stacked below.
Optionally, the housing of the heating unit and the shunt are die castings of aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy, and the upper cover and the lower cover are aluminum alloy stamping parts or magnesium alloy die castings.
The present application further provides an electric vehicle, wherein the electric vehicle comprises the electric heating device of the present application.
According to the technical scheme of this application, through making heating unit range upon range of arrangement, the film heating element of every heating unit is located heating unit's lower part, and only heating unit's downside is the high temperature region, is convenient for set up electrical components, increases space utilization. And, heating chamber upper portion does not have the zone of heating, avoids because the bubble in the heating chamber is detained at heating chamber inner wall top and to heat transfer and the adverse effect that film heating element produced. In addition, the film heating elements of the two heating units are not in a close state, so that the mutual influence of convection and radiation of the two film heating elements is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The technical scheme of the application can fully satisfy the design requirement and ensure good service life at the same time.
Additional features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an electric heating apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a body portion of the electrical heating apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view at the first flow splitter of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a body portion of an electrical heating apparatus according to another preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view at the second flow splitter of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a body portion of the electrical heating apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a top cross-sectional view of the body portion of the electrical heating apparatus of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8a is a partial enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 7;
FIGS. 8b and 8c show other embodiments of the labyrinth structure of FIG. 8 a;
fig. 9 is a view illustrating a structure of a junction of the shunt and the heating unit;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 9;
fig. 11 is a view illustrating an electrical connection relationship of a body portion of the electric heating apparatus of fig. 1;
FIG. 12 is a side sectional view of FIG. 11;
fig. 13 is a plan view illustrating a main body portion of the electric heating apparatus of fig. 1;
fig. 14 is a plan view illustrating the electric heating apparatus of fig. 1 with the first heating unit and the upper portion removed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
In this application, where the contrary is not stated, the use of directional words such as "upper, lower, left and right" generally means upper, lower, left and right as illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings; "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the components themselves. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided an electric heating apparatus, wherein the electric heating apparatus includes two heating units 100 arranged in a height direction in a stack, each of the heating units 100 is configured to convert electric energy into thermal energy, each of the heating units 100 includes a thin film heating element 110, and each of the thin film heating elements 110 is located at a lower portion of the heating unit 100 thereof.
The electric heating device of the application, through making the heating unit 100 arrange in a cascade, the film heating element 110 of each heating unit 100 is located in the lower part of the heating unit 100, and only the lower side of the heating unit 100 is a high temperature area, thus being convenient for setting electric elements and increasing the space utilization rate. And, the upper part of the heating cavity is not provided with the film heating element 110, so that the adverse effects on heat transfer and the film heating element caused by the fact that air bubbles in the heating cavity are retained on the top of the inner wall of the heating cavity are avoided. In addition, the film heating elements 110 of the two heating units 100 are not in the close proximity state, so that the mutual influence of convection and radiation of the two film heating elements 110 is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The technical scheme of the application can fully satisfy the design requirement and ensure good service life at the same time.
The heating elements 100 may be of the same or different configurations and sizes, as desired. As shown in fig. 1, the heating unit 100 stacked on top is a first heating unit 10, and the heating unit 100 stacked on bottom is a second heating unit 20. Preferably, the height of the first heating unit 10 is greater than that of the second heating unit 20, so as to dispose the main control circuit board 30 of the electric heating device above the first heating unit 10, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the heating elements of the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20 are respectively connected to the main control circuit board 30 through electrodes P. In addition, to facilitate the control of the operation of the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20, respectively, they are connected in parallel to the main control circuit board 30 through respective electrodes P. The main control circuit board 30 is arranged above the first heating unit 10, so that the height of the first heating unit 10 is increased, the distance between the main control circuit board 30 and the film heating element 110 of the first heating unit 10 is increased, and the adverse effect of the film heating element 110 of the first heating unit 10 on the main control circuit board 30 can be effectively reduced.
Further, the powers of the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20 may be the same or different. Preferably, the power of the first heating unit 10 may be set to be smaller than that of the second heating unit 20. More preferably, the power of the first heating unit may be 70-100% of the total power 1/2 of the electric heating apparatus, and the power of the second heating unit may be 100-130% of the total power 1/2 of the electric heating apparatus. Since the thin film heating element 110 of the first heating unit 10 is closer to the cavity between the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20, by setting the power of the first heating unit 10 to be smaller than the power of the second heating unit 20, it is possible to prevent the cavity from reaching a higher temperature due to the heating of the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20, which in turn may adversely affect various elements within the cavity (e.g., the unit monitoring circuit board 40 below).
Wherein the power difference of the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20 may be achieved in a suitable manner. Preferably, the thin film heating elements 110 of the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20 are connected in parallel, and the ratio of the total power of the electric heating apparatus occupied by the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20 can be distributed by setting the resistance value of the thin film heating element 110, so that the structure is simplified and the control is convenient, and the power distribution is convenient.
In the present application, the operation of the electric heating device may be monitored or used as an operating parameter for controlling the operation of the electric heating device by monitoring the temperature of a specific area of the electric heating device. Specifically, the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20 may be temperature-monitored, respectively.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 13, an inlet water temperature sensor T1 (monitoring feedback temperature T1), a first middle temperature sensor T2 (monitoring feedback temperature T2) and a first outlet water temperature sensor T3 (monitoring feedback temperature T3) are disposed on the main control circuit board 30, and the first middle temperature sensor T2 is disposed at the highest position of the temperature of the outer surface of the upper portion of the first heating unit 10. The value of t3-t1, Δ t1, may be used to calculate the electrothermal efficiency of the first heating unit 10, and the value of t2 may be used to monitor the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the first heating unit 10. Specifically, if t2 is abnormally increased, which indicates that the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the first heating unit 10 is abnormally low (for example, the water channel inside the first heating unit 10 or the external water channel is blocked, the water pump is damaged, or the water pipe is dropped or burst … …), the voltage (V) of the whole electric heating device should be reduced, so as to reduce the power of the whole electric heating device or turn off the electric heating device, thereby avoiding the electric heating device from being damaged by dry burning.
A cavity is formed between the two heating units 100, as shown in fig. 14, the electric heating apparatus includes a unit monitoring circuit board 40 disposed in the cavity, and a second middle temperature sensor T4 (monitoring feedback temperature T4) and a second outlet water temperature sensor T5 (monitoring feedback temperature T5) are disposed on the unit monitoring circuit board 40. The value of t5-t1, Δ t2, may be used to calculate the electrothermal efficiency of the second heating unit 20, and the comparison of Δ t2 and Δ t1 may allow monitoring of the flow distribution conditions of the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20. the value of t4 may be used to monitor the flow of heat exchange medium in the second heating unit 20. Specifically, if t4 is abnormally increased, which indicates that the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the second heating unit 20 is abnormally low (for example, the water channel inside or outside the second heating unit 20 is blocked, the water pump is damaged, or the water pipe is dropped or burst … …), the voltage (V) of the whole electric heating device should be reduced, so as to reduce the power of the whole electric heating device or turn off the electric heating device, thereby avoiding the electric heating device from being damaged by dry burning.
The two heating units 100 may adopt substantially the same structure. Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the heating unit 100 includes a housing 120 and a bottom plate 130, the housing 120 and the bottom plate 130 define a heat exchange cavity S, the housing 120 includes a top wall 121 and a side wall 122, the bottom plate 130 includes a plurality of heat exchange fins 131 protruding in a height direction, and a step portion 132 extending in the height direction and protruding on top of the heat exchange fins 131, the step portion 132 is connected to the top wall 121 by stitch welding (DH in fig. 6), and an edge of the bottom plate 130 is connected to the side wall 122 by stitch welding (PH in fig. 6). The thin film heating element 110 is disposed under the base plate 130 and is connected to the main control circuit board 30 through the electrode P. The heat exchange chamber S is divided into a plurality of water channels (a plurality of water channels form a medium flow channel) by the heat exchange fins 131, the step portion 132 and the housing 120, so as to allow the heat exchange medium to flow in the water channels. Specifically, the plurality of heat exchange fins 131 are formed in a translational positional relationship along the same trajectory, and the number of the steps 132 may be set according to the width of the heat exchange chamber S and the shape of the water passage. The step portions 132 are preferably provided at the position where the waterway turns, for example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 7, the waterway has a "n" shape, and three step portions 132 may be provided, one step portion 132 being located at the center of the "n" shape, and the other two step portions 132 being located at both sides of the "n" shape, respectively.
As described above, the step portion 132 is stitch-welded to the top wall 121, and in order to ensure the overall stability of stitch-welding of each step portion 132 to the top wall 121, it is preferable that n welding beads are formed at the junction of the step portion 132 and the top wall 121, the center-to-center distance L of the welding beads is 45mm to 70mm, and the n welding beads are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center line of the heating unit 100 in the width direction. For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 7, the center line of the "several" shape is the center line in the width direction of the heating unit 100. The welding bead formed by the step portion 132 positioned in the center of the letter "ji" and the top wall 121 extends along the center line of the letter "ji", and the welding beads formed by the other two step portions 132 and the top wall 121 are symmetrical about the center line of the letter "ji", so that the welding beads formed by the three step portions 132 are all symmetrical about the center line of the letter "ji".
As shown in fig. 7, the heat exchange fins 131 and the step portions 132 divide the exchange chamber into an inlet chamber 140, a medium flow passage 150, and an outlet chamber 160. The heat exchange medium is dispersed from the inflow chamber 140 into the medium channels 150 and flows out along each medium channel 150 to be collected in the outflow chamber 160. The temperature gradually increases as the heat exchange medium gradually absorbs heat during the flow. If the end surface of the stepped portion 132 and the side wall 122 are both in a planar form, a gap may be formed between the end surface of the stepped portion 132 and the side wall 122, and a part of the heat exchange medium may flow from the inflow chamber 140 to the water channel portion near the side wall 122 and then flow to the outflow chamber 160 through the gap, so that the part of the heat exchange medium does not substantially flow through the effective heating area of the thin film heating element, which is equivalent to directly entering the outflow chamber 160 from the inflow chamber 140, and the heat transfer efficiency is seriously affected. For this, a labyrinth structure C is provided between the step portion 132 and the sidewall 122 to prevent fluid media from moving among the inlet chamber 140, the media flow passage 150, and the outlet chamber 160. The labyrinth structure C may provide a large flow resistance to the fluid medium to prevent the fluid medium from moving by flowing through the labyrinth structure C.
The labyrinth structure C may be provided in appropriate positions as required. For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 7, the step parts 132 on both sides are used to partition the inflow chamber 140, the medium flow passage 150 and the outflow chamber 160, and the step part 132 in the center divides the medium flow passage 150 into upstream and downstream regions having a large difference in average temperature, and thus, a labyrinth structure may be provided where the step part 132 is joined to the side wall 122 of the housing 120.
The labyrinth structure C may be provided in an appropriate form as required. For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 8a, the sidewall 122 may be provided with an opening into which the edge of the step portion 132 is inserted to form the labyrinth structure C. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 8b, the surface of the sidewall 122 may be provided with a "convex" shaped opening, and the edge of the stepped portion 132 is provided with a "concave" shaped portion corresponding to the "convex" shaped opening, to form the labyrinth structure C by fitting the "concave" shaped portion to the "convex" shaped opening. Still alternatively, as shown in fig. 8C, the surface of the sidewall 122 may be provided with a "concave" shaped opening, and the edge of the stepped portion 132 is provided with a "convex" shaped portion corresponding to the "concave" shaped opening to form the labyrinth structure C by fitting the "convex" shaped portion to the "concave" shaped opening. Of course, other types of labyrinth structures C may be provided, for example, a sawtooth structure formed by the surface of the sidewall 122 and the edge of the step portion 132 matching with each other is provided, and the description will not be repeated here.
In this application, each heating unit 100 of the electric heating device can have a separate water inlet and water outlet, but for integrating and simplifying the product, the electric heating device comprises a total water inlet 200, a total water outlet 300 and a flow divider, and each medium flow passage of the heating unit 100 is shared by the flow divider between the total water inlet 200 and the total water outlet 300. Wherein the flow divider may take a suitable form to achieve different connection modes of the respective heating units 100.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the medium flow passages of the first and second heating units 10 and 20 are connected in parallel with each other, the heat exchange medium introduced from the total water inlet 200 is distributed into the first and second heating units 10 and 20 in a set ratio, and the flow divider functions to distribute the heat exchange medium in parallel. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the flow divider includes a first flow divider 400, the first flow divider 400 includes a fluid chamber 410 communicated with the total water inlet 200 and a protrusion 420 provided in the fluid chamber 410, the protrusion 420 protrudes toward the total water inlet 200 to divide the fluid chamber 410 into two chambers 411 communicated at the total water inlet 200, and each of the chambers 411 has a flow divider outlet 411a communicated with an inlet of a medium flow passage of the corresponding heating unit 100. In use, the heat exchange medium entering from the main water inlet 200 is distributed to the two chambers 411 according to a predetermined ratio, and then enters the corresponding medium flow channels of the heating unit 100. The first flow divider 400 may further include a collecting chamber for connecting the outlet of the medium flow passage of each heating unit 100 with the main water outlet 300, so that the heat exchange medium flowing out from the different medium flow passages is collected by the collecting chamber and flows out from the main water outlet 300. Thereby, the media flow paths of the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20 can be connected in parallel, and the total pressure drop (the pressure difference at the total water inlet 200 and the total water outlet 300) is equal to the pressure drop generated by the first flow divider 400 plus the heating unit pressure drop (the larger pressure drop in the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20).
Wherein the protrusion 420 divides the fluid chamber 410 into two chambers 411 arranged in a stacking direction of the heating unit 100, so as to realize flow distribution from the total water inlet 200 to each of the diverter outlets 411a by a distance from the corresponding protrusion 420 to a central axis of the total water inlet 200. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, when the position of the protrusion 423 is moved upward, the distance from the protrusion 420 corresponding to the first heating unit 10 to the central axis of the total water inlet 200 is decreased, and the distance from the protrusion 420 corresponding to the second heating unit 20 to the central axis of the total water inlet 200 is increased, so that the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the first heating unit 10 is decreased, and the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the second heating unit 20 is increased; on the contrary, when the position of the protrusion 423 is moved downward, the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the first heating unit 10 increases, and the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the second heating unit 20 decreases.
To facilitate the arrangement of the piping and related components, it is preferable that the inlet and outlet of the medium flow path of each heating unit 100 are disposed on the same side, as shown in fig. 1. The total water inlet 200 and the total water outlet 300 may be horizontally disposed at the same side of the electric heating apparatus, and the fluid chamber 410 and the collecting chamber of the first flow divider 400 may be horizontally disposed at the side of the total water inlet 200 and the total water outlet 300 and respectively disposed corresponding to the total water inlet 200 and the total water outlet 300. In addition, two diverter outlets 411a may be coaxially and nestingly connected with the inlets 141 of the medium flow channels of the first heating unit 10, respectively, to avoid medium leakage and ensure smooth medium flow.
According to another embodiment of the present application, the medium flow passages of the first heating unit 10 and the second heating unit 20 are connected in series with each other, the heat exchange medium introduced from the total water inlet 200 passes through the medium flow passages of the respective heating units 100 in sequence, and the flow divider functions to connect the total water inlet 200, the respective heating units 100, and the total water outlet 300 in series. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the flow divider may include a second flow divider 500, and the medium flow paths of the heating units 100 are connected in series through the second flow divider 500 to share the collective water inlet 200 and the collective water outlet 300. Specifically, the second flow divider 500 includes an inlet chamber 510 and an outlet chamber 520 which are isolated from each other and arranged in the stacking direction of the heating units 100, the medium passage of one of the heating units 100 is communicated with one of the inlet chamber 510 and the outlet chamber 520, the medium passage of the other of the heating units 100 is communicated with the other of the inlet chamber 510 and the outlet chamber 520, and the medium passages of the two heating units 100 are connected in series with each other. In the embodiment shown in fig. 4 and 5, the heat exchange medium entering from the total water inlet 200 sequentially enters the water inlet chamber 510, the inlet 11 of the medium flow passage of the first heating unit 10, the medium passage main body part of the first heating unit 10, the outlet 12 of the medium flow passage of the first heating unit 10, the water outlet chamber 520, the inlet 21 of the medium flow passage of the second heating unit 20, the medium passage main body part of the second heating unit 20, and the outlet 22 of the medium flow passage of the second heating unit 20, and finally flows out of the total water outlet 300. The total pressure drop is the pressure drop generated by the second flow divider 500 + the pressure drop generated by the first heating unit 10 + the pressure drop generated by the second heating unit 20.
For the convenience of arrangement, as shown in fig. 4, the inlet 11 of the medium flow channel of the first heating unit 10, the outlet 12 of the medium flow channel of the first heating unit 10, the inlet 21 of the medium flow channel of the second heating unit 20, and the outlet 22 of the medium flow channel of the second heating unit 20 may be disposed on the same side, and the total water inlet 200 and the total water outlet 300 are also disposed on the side and arranged along the stacking direction of the heating units 100, and the inlet 11 of the medium flow channel of the first heating unit 10 and the outlet 22 of the medium flow channel of the second heating unit 20 are disposed corresponding to the total water inlet 200 and the total water outlet 300, respectively.
In the present application, no matter the first shunt 400 or the second shunt 500 is adopted, the joint between the shunt and the heating unit 100 is increased, in order to ensure the sealing connection at the joint, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, a sealing gasket 600 is arranged between the shunt and the heating unit 100, and a glue accommodating groove G extending to the sealing gasket is arranged at the edge of the surface of the shunt, which is jointed with the heating unit 100. As shown in fig. 10, taking the sealing gasket 600 and the first heating unit 10 as an example, when the top surface of the sealing gasket 600 is lower than the top surface of the first heating unit 10, the sealant filled in the sealant containing groove G can compensate for a gas leakage channel that may be formed there.
In addition, in order to form a separate device and provide protection to the heating unit 100 as a critical part, as shown in fig. 1, the electric heating device includes an upper cover 700 and a lower cover 800, the upper cover 700 is installed above the heating unit 100 stacked above, and the lower cover 800 is installed below the heating unit 100 stacked below.
In the present application, each component may be made of a suitable material and formed by a suitable process. Preferably, the housing of the heating unit 100, the shunt, and the upper and lower covers 700 and 800 are aluminum alloy stampings or magnesium alloy stampings for performance and cost reasons.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided an electric vehicle, wherein the electric vehicle comprises the electric heating apparatus of the present application. The electric vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. The power battery in the above electric vehicle may be a secondary rechargeable battery such as a lithium battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, or a fuel cell such as a hydrogen fuel cell.
The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above, but the present application is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present application within the technical idea of the present application, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described in the present application.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present application can be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as the combination does not depart from the spirit of the present application.
Claims (17)
1. An electric heating device, characterized in that it comprises two heating units (100) arranged one above the other in the height direction, each heating unit (100) being adapted to convert electric energy into thermal energy, each heating unit (100) comprising a thin-film heating element (110), each thin-film heating element (110) being located in a lower portion of its heating unit (100).
2. The electric heating device according to claim 1, wherein the heating unit (100) stacked above is a first heating unit (10), the heating unit (100) stacked below is a second heating unit (20), the height of the first heating unit (10) is greater than the height of the second heating unit (20) to dispose a main control circuit board (30) of the electric heating device above the first heating unit (10), and the thin film heating elements (110) of the first heating unit (10) and the second heating unit (20) are connected to the main control circuit board (30) through electrodes P, respectively.
3. The electric heating apparatus of claim 2, wherein the power of the first heating unit is 70-100% of the total power 1/2 of the electric heating apparatus, and the power of the second heating unit is 100-130% of the total power 1/2 of the electric heating apparatus.
4. Electric heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that the thin film heating elements (110) of the first heating unit (10) and the second heating unit (20) are connected in parallel with each other, the proportion of the total power of the electric heating device occupied by the first heating unit (10) and the second heating unit (20) being distributed by setting the resistance value of the thin film heating elements (110).
5. The electric heating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
the main control circuit board (30) is provided with an inlet water temperature sensor T1, a first middle temperature sensor T2 and a first outlet water temperature sensor T3, and the middle temperature sensor T2 is arranged at the position where the temperature of the outer surface of the upper part of the first heating unit (10) is highest; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
a cavity is formed between the two heating units (100), the electric heating device comprises a unit monitoring circuit board (40) arranged in the cavity, and a second middle temperature sensor T4 and a second outlet water temperature sensor T5 are arranged on the unit monitoring circuit board (40).
6. The electric heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating unit (100) comprises a housing (120) and a bottom plate (130), the housing (120) and the bottom plate (130) define a heat exchange chamber S, the housing (120) comprises a top wall (121) and a side wall (122), the bottom plate (130) comprises a plurality of heat exchange fins (131) protruding in a height direction and a step portion (132) extending in the height direction and protruding on top of the heat exchange fins (131), the step portion (132) is connected with the top wall (121) by stitch welding, and an edge of the bottom plate (130) is connected with the side wall (122) by stitch welding.
7. The electric heating device according to claim 6, wherein n weld beads are formed at the junction of the step portion (132) and the top wall (121), the weld bead center distance L being 45mm to 70mm, the n weld beads being arranged symmetrically with respect to a center line in a width direction of the heating unit (100).
8. The electric heating device according to claim 6, wherein the heat exchanging fins (131), the step (132) divide the exchange chamber into an inlet chamber (140), a medium flow channel (150) and an outlet chamber (160), and a labyrinth structure C is arranged between the step (132) and the side wall (122) to prevent fluid medium from moving between the inlet chamber (140), the medium flow channel (150) and the outlet chamber (160).
9. An electric heating device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the electric heating device comprises a total water inlet (200), a total water outlet (300) and a flow divider, by means of which the medium flow paths of the heating units (100) share the total water inlet (200) and the total water outlet (300).
10. Electrical heating device according to claim 9, wherein the flow diverter comprises a first flow diverter (400), the first flow diverter (400) comprising a fluid chamber (410) communicating with the mains water inlet (200) and a protrusion (420) provided in the fluid chamber (410), the protrusion (420) protruding towards the mains water inlet (200) to divide the fluid chamber (410) into two chambers (411) communicating at the mains water inlet (200), each chamber (411) having a diverter outlet (411a) communicating with an inlet of a medium flow channel of the corresponding heating unit (100).
11. The electric heating device according to claim 10, wherein the protrusion (420) divides the fluid chamber (410) into two chambers (411) arranged in a stacking direction of the heating unit (100) to achieve a flow distribution of the total water inlet (200) to each of the diverter outlets (411a) by a distance of the corresponding protrusion (420) to a central axis of the total water inlet (200).
12. The electric heating device according to claim 9, characterized in that the flow divider comprises a second flow divider (500), through which second flow divider (500) the medium flow channels of the heating units (100) are connected in series to share the mains water inlet (200) and the mains water outlet (300).
13. The electric heating apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the second flow divider (500) comprises an inlet chamber (510) and an outlet chamber (520) which are isolated from each other and arranged in a stacking direction of the heating units (100), the medium passage of one of the heating units (100) communicates with one of the inlet chamber (510) and the outlet chamber (520), the medium passage of the other of the heating units (100) communicates with the other of the inlet chamber (510) and the outlet chamber (520), and the medium passages of the two heating units (100) are connected in series with each other.
14. Electric heating device according to claim 10, characterised in that a sealing gasket (600) is arranged between the diverter and the heating unit (100), and that the edge of the surface of the diverter that engages the heating unit (100) is provided with a glue receiving groove G extending to the sealing gasket.
15. The electric heating apparatus according to claim 9, comprising an upper cover (700) and a lower cover (800), the upper cover (700) being mounted above the heating unit (100) stacked above, the lower cover (800) being mounted below the heating unit (100) stacked below.
16. The electric heating device according to claim 15, wherein the housing of the heating unit (100), the shunt are die cast of aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy, and the upper cover (700) and the lower cover (800) are stamped aluminum alloy parts or die cast magnesium alloy parts.
17. An electric vehicle, characterized in that it comprises an electric heating device according to any one of claims 1-16.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210100650.8A CN114368262B (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Electric heating device and electric vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210100650.8A CN114368262B (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Electric heating device and electric vehicle |
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| CN114368262A true CN114368262A (en) | 2022-04-19 |
| CN114368262B CN114368262B (en) | 2024-04-02 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050072774A1 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2005-04-07 | Catem Gmbh & Co., Kg | Electric heater with housing |
| US20070114217A1 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-24 | Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electric Heating Device with Tolerance PTC Heating Element |
| US20140319114A1 (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-10-30 | Shenzhen Byd Auto R&D Company Limited | Electric heater, and apparatus, heating and air conditioning system, and vehicle comprising the same |
| CN208475622U (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-02-05 | 上海奉天电子股份有限公司 | A kind of electric calorifie installation for new-energy automobile |
| JP2019142374A (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-29 | 株式会社デンソー | Vehicular electric heater |
-
2022
- 2022-01-27 CN CN202210100650.8A patent/CN114368262B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050072774A1 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2005-04-07 | Catem Gmbh & Co., Kg | Electric heater with housing |
| US20070114217A1 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-24 | Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electric Heating Device with Tolerance PTC Heating Element |
| US20140319114A1 (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-10-30 | Shenzhen Byd Auto R&D Company Limited | Electric heater, and apparatus, heating and air conditioning system, and vehicle comprising the same |
| JP2019142374A (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-29 | 株式会社デンソー | Vehicular electric heater |
| CN208475622U (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-02-05 | 上海奉天电子股份有限公司 | A kind of electric calorifie installation for new-energy automobile |
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| CN114368262B (en) | 2024-04-02 |
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