CN114367638A - Cooling method for rapidly cooling piston mold - Google Patents

Cooling method for rapidly cooling piston mold Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114367638A
CN114367638A CN202111384103.9A CN202111384103A CN114367638A CN 114367638 A CN114367638 A CN 114367638A CN 202111384103 A CN202111384103 A CN 202111384103A CN 114367638 A CN114367638 A CN 114367638A
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water
cooling
way valve
inner core
supply pipe
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CN114367638B (en
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冯建华
苏同翠
侯其杰
刘相东
牟晋仕
臧倩
韩治绪
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Shandong Shuanggang Piston Co ltd
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Shandong Shuanggang Piston Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/22Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06Permanent moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/065Cooling or heating equipment for moulds

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cooling method for rapidly cooling a mold, which belongs to the technical field of piston workpiece casting and is characterized in that: and injecting aluminum liquid into the die, injecting cooling water into the inner core for cooling, injecting cooling water flowing through the inner core into the annular water path of the outer die, inputting cooling water into the pin, and injecting cooling water into the annular water path of the top die. Compared with the prior art have the characteristics that improve the cooling effect.

Description

Cooling method for rapidly cooling piston mold
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of piston workpiece casting, in particular to a cooling method for rapidly cooling a piston mold.
Background
At present, the requirements on the metallographic structure of the head of a piston workpiece are strict due to the improvement of the performance of an engine; the automation level of piston workpiece casting is greatly improved, and the casting blank efficiency is obviously required to be improved; the inner core of the original piston die is directly filled with water from top to bottom, only the central part of the piston workpiece can be cooled, the cooling speed is low, and the cooling effect is poor.
Although the top die part of the piston die adopts the design of the annular water channel, the top die part is designed in a split structure, the processing difficulty is high, the water leakage phenomenon is caused, the cooling effect is poor, the head metallographic structure of the piston workpiece can not be well improved, and the casting efficiency is not obviously improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cooling method for rapidly cooling a piston mold aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the purpose of improving the metallographic structure and the mechanical property of a piston blank is achieved through a novel mold and a sectional type cooling method.
The invention provides a cooling method for rapidly cooling a mold, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following cooling steps of cooling the mixture,
firstly, after 780 ℃ of aluminum liquid is filled into a mold, a valve between a water supply pipe and an inner core is opened, then a first three-way valve is operated, the inner core is communicated with a water storage tank through the first three-way valve, normal-temperature cooling water in the water supply pipe is filled into a conformal waterway of the inner core, the water cooling time is 40 +/-2%, and when the water cooling time is up, the valve between the water supply pipe and the inner core is closed, and the water supply for the inner core is stopped;
after 25 '+/-2' of water is introduced into the inner core, operating the first three-way valve to enable the inner core to be communicated with the annular water channel of the outer die through the first three-way valve, injecting cooling water flowing through the inner core into the annular water channel of the outer die to cool the upper half part of the piston blank, and enabling the cooling water to flow into the water storage tank through the conformal water channel of the inner core and the annular water channel of the outer die in sequence;
after the annular water path of the outer die is cooled by 15 ' by using the cooling water flowing through the inner core, closing a first three-way valve between the outer die and the inner core, opening a valve between the outer die and a water supply pipe, injecting the normal-temperature cooling water of the water supply pipe into the annular water path of the outer die, enabling the cooling water flowing through the annular water path of the outer die to flow into a water storage tank, and continuously cooling by using the normal-temperature cooling water in the water supply pipe by 20 ' +/-2 ', so that the total cooling time is 35 ' +/-2 ';
after the water cooling of the outer mold is completed, respectively starting a second three-way valve and a third three-way valve, enabling a water pump to sequentially pass through a cooling water path of the pin communicated with the second three-way valve and the third three-way valve, injecting cooling water in a water storage tank into the cooling water path of the pin by using the water pump, after the pin is cooled by 5 +/-1 ', starting the second three-way valve, enabling a water supply pipe to communicate with the cooling water path of the pin through the second three-way valve, injecting normal-temperature cooling water in the water supply pipe into the cooling water path of the pin, and continuously cooling by 10 +/-2', so as to cool the piston blank;
after the pin is cooled, respectively restarting the second three-way valve and the third three-way valve to enable the water pump to be communicated with the annular water path of the top die sequentially through the second three-way valve and the third three-way valve, and injecting cooling water in the water storage tank into the annular water path of the top die to cool the piston blank by 5 +/-1';
after the top die is cooled by 5 +/-1 percent through water, operating a second three-way valve to enable a water supply pipe to be communicated with an annular water path of the top die through the second three-way valve, injecting cooling water in the water supply pipe into the annular water path of the top die, and continuously cooling by 10 +/-2 ℃;
and seventhly, opening a valve between the annular water way of the top die sleeve and a water supply pipe while injecting cooling water into the annular water way of the top die sleeve, so that the cooling water in the water supply pipe is injected into the annular water way of the top die sleeve, and closing the valve after cooling for 15 +/-2 ", thereby completing the whole cooling process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding beneficial effects:
1. the piston blank cast by the sectional cooling method obviously improves the head metallographic structure of the piston blank and improves the mechanical property of the piston blank.
2. In the cooling method, the cooling water flowing through the inner core conformal water path is injected into the annular water paths of the outer mold and the top mold, the cooling water absorbs the heat of the inner core, the temperature is raised, and then the cooling water is injected into the annular water paths of the outer mold and the top mold, so that the cooling effect can be gradually realized, and the phenomenon that the metallographic structure of the piston blank is influenced because the upper half part of the piston blank generates large stress due to temperature shock is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the inner core portion of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the core portion of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the top mold portion of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the core portion of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a cooling water passage portion of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a metallographic image of a eutectic Al-Si alloy at the location of the ring groove of the piston blank cast using the method of example 1.
Fig. 9 is a metallographic image of a eutectic al-si alloy at pin hole locations for a piston blank cast using the method of example 1.
Fig. 10 is a diagram of the eutectic al-si alloy gold phase at the top of the cavity of the piston billet cast by the method of example 1.
FIG. 11 is a diagram of the eutectic Al-Si alloy gold phase at the location of the ring groove of the piston blank cast using the method of example 2.
Fig. 12 is a metallographic image of a eutectic al-si alloy at pin hole locations for a piston blank cast using the method of example 2.
Fig. 13 is a diagram of the eutectic al-si alloy gold phase at the top of the cavity of the piston billet cast by the method of example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention includes an outer mold 5, a top mold 3, and an inner core 7.
The inner side cavity of the top die 3 is sleeved with a heat-insulating riser 2, the upper end of the heat-insulating riser 2 is sleeved with a heat-insulating riser sleeve 1, the outer side of the top die 3 is sleeved with a top die sleeve 4, and the top die sleeve 4 is matched with the top die 3 through bolts.
The lower end of the top die sleeve 4 is provided with an outer die 5, the cavity at the inner side of the outer die 5 is provided with an inner core 7, the inner core 7 extends upwards into the outer die 5 from the lower end of the cavity of the outer die 5, the outer wall of the outer die 5 is provided with two symmetrically distributed jacks, the jacks are communicated with the cavity at the inner side of the outer die 5, the inner end of the pin 6 penetrates through the jack of the outer die 5 to be propped against the outer wall of the inner core 7, and the outer wall of the pin 6 is in sealing fit with the inner wall of the jack of the outer die 5.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, a plurality of annular water channels are arranged inside the top mold 3, the plurality of annular water channels are distributed and arranged up and down, and two adjacent annular water channels are communicated with each other through a through hole.
And the top die sleeve 4 is provided with an annular water channel which surrounds the periphery of the top die 3.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the inner core 7 is provided with a conformal waterway, two ends of the conformal waterway are respectively connected with the external connectors, the middle position of the conformal waterway is provided with an exhaust passage which penetrates through the upper end and the lower end, and one section of the exhaust passage is provided with an annular passage, so that the conformal waterway can be bypassed.
The outer mold 5 on be equipped with the annular water route, the annular water route is located the first half of outer mold 5, the inside cooling water route that is equipped with of pin 6, install water pipe 8 in the cooling water route, the outer end of water pipe 8 and the inner wall fixed connection of the outer end of pin 6 to communicate with each other with the interface of intaking, be equipped with on the outer wall of pin 6 and go out water interface and communicate with each other with the cooling water route.
The two ends of the annular water path of the top die 3, the top die sleeve 4 and the outer die 5 are respectively provided with an external connector, the two connectors are respectively a water inlet connector and a water outlet connector, and the distances between each part of the annular water path and the inner cavity of the top die 3 are the same.
The top die sleeve 4, the top die 3, the outer die 5 and the inner core 7 are designed in a 3D printing integrated mode and are integrally formed, so that the processing difficulty of the annular water paths of the top die sleeve 4, the top die 3 and the outer die 5 and the shape following water paths of the inner core 7 is reduced, the continuity of the water paths is improved, the tightness of the water paths is enhanced, and water leakage can be effectively prevented.
As shown in fig. 7, the present invention communicates the components through the cooling water passage, and the specific structure of the cooling water passage is as follows:
the water inlet interface of the conformal waterway of the inner core 7 is communicated with the water supply pipe 9 through a valve and a pipeline in sequence, the water outlet interface of the conformal waterway of the inner core 7 is communicated with the water inlet interface of a first three-way valve 12 through a pipeline, one water outlet interface of the first three-way valve 12 is communicated with the water inlet interface of the annular waterway of the outer mold 5 through a pipeline, the other water outlet interface of the first three-way valve 12 is communicated with the water inlet interface of the water storage tank 10 through a pipeline, the water outlet interface of the annular waterway of the outer mold 5 is communicated with the water inlet interface of the water storage tank 10 through a pipeline, the water outlet interface of the water storage tank 10 is communicated with the water inlet interface of the water pump 15 through a pipeline, the water outlet interface of the water pump 15 is communicated with one water inlet interface of a second three-way valve 13 through a pipeline, the other water inlet interface of the second three-way valve 13 is communicated with the water supply pipe through a pipeline, the water outlet interface of the second three-way valve 13 is communicated with the water inlet interface of a third three-way valve 14 through a pipeline, one water outlet port of the third three-way valve 14 is communicated with a water inlet port of the pin 6, the other water outlet port of the third three-way valve 14 is communicated with a water inlet port of the top die 3, and the pin 6 and the water outlet port of the top die 3 are communicated with the water return tank 11 through a pipeline.
And the water inlet interface of the annular water channel of the top die sleeve 4 is communicated with the water supply pipe 9 through a pipeline and a valve in sequence, and the water outlet interface of the annular water channel of the top die sleeve 4 is communicated with the water return tank 11 through a pipeline.
In this embodiment, the water supply pipe 9 is communicated with the water inlet of the five-way valve through a pipeline, and the four water outlet of the five-way valve are respectively communicated with the water inlet of the inner core 7, the outer mold 5, the second three-way valve 13 and the top mold sleeve 4 through pipelines.
Embodiment 1 is a cooling method for cooling a piston blank using a rapid cooling piston mold according to the present invention, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, after 780 ℃ molten aluminum is filled into the mold, firstly, a valve between a water supply pipe 9 and an inner core 7 is opened, then a first three-way valve 12 is operated, the inner core 7 can be communicated with a water storage tank 10 through the first three-way valve 12, normal temperature cooling water in the water supply pipe 9 is filled into a shape following waterway of the inner core 7, the water cooling time is 40 +/-2 ", after the time is reached, the valve between the water supply pipe 9 and the inner core 7 is closed, water supply to the inner core 7 is stopped, water cooling is firstly carried out on the shape following waterway of the inner core 7, the lower half part of a piston blank can be firstly cooled, and therefore molten aluminum fully flows into the mold, the upper half part of the piston blank is prevented from being firstly cooled, and the molten aluminum cannot flow to the lower half part, and air holes are generated in the lower half part of the piston blank.
And secondly, after the inner core 7 is filled with water by 25 '+/-2', operating the first three-way valve 12 to enable the inner core 7 to be communicated with the outer die through the first three-way valve 12, injecting cooling water flowing through the inner core 7 into the annular water path of the outer die 5 to cool the upper half part of the piston blank, and enabling the cooling water to sequentially flow into the water storage tank 10 through the conformal water path of the inner core 7 and the annular water path of the outer die 5, wherein the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the annular water path of the outer die 5 is higher than that of the cooling water in the water supply pipe 9, so that the annular water path of the outer die 5 can play a role in gradually cooling and relaxing temperature reduction, and the phenomenon that the upper half part of the piston blank generates large stress due to sudden temperature drop to influence on the metallographic structure of the piston blank is avoided.
And thirdly, after cooling 15 ' by using the cooling water flowing through the inner core 7, closing a first three-way valve 12 between the outer die 5 and the inner core 7, opening a valve between the outer die 5 and a water supply pipe 9, injecting the cooling water in the water supply pipe 9 into an annular water path of the outer die 5, enabling the cooling water flowing through the annular water path of the outer die 5 to flow out to the water storage tank 10, cooling the cooling water in the water storage tank 10 to avoid the temperature from being too high to influence subsequent heat dissipation, and continuously cooling 20 ' +/-2 ' by using the normal-temperature cooling water in the water supply pipe 9 to enable the total cooling time to be 35 ' +/-2 '.
Fourthly, after the water is fed into the outer die 5 for cooling, respectively starting the second three-way valve 13 and the third three-way valve 14, enabling the water pump 15 to sequentially pass through the cooling water path of the pin 6 communicated with the second three-way valve 13 and the third three-way valve 14, injecting the cooling water in the water storage tank 10 into the cooling water path of the pin 6 by using the water pump 15, after 5 '+/-1' of cooling is cooled, starting the second three-way valve 13, enabling the water supply pipe 9 to communicate with the cooling water path of the pin 6 through the second three-way valve 13, injecting the normal temperature cooling water in the water supply pipe 7 into the cooling water path of the pin 6, continuously cooling for 10 '+/-2', and cooling the piston blank.
And fifthly, after the pin 6 is cooled, respectively restarting the second three-way valve 13 and the third three-way valve 14, enabling the water pump 15 to be communicated with the annular water path of the top die 3 sequentially through the second three-way valve 13 and the third three-way valve 14, and injecting cooling water in the water storage tank 10 into the annular water path of the top die 3 to cool the piston blank by 5 +/-1 ".
Sixthly, after the top die 3 is cooled by 5 '+/-1' through water, the second three-way valve 13 is operated, the water supply pipe 9 is communicated with the annular water path of the top die 3 through the second three-way valve 13, cooling water in the water supply pipe 9 is injected into the annular water path of the top die 3, and the cooling is continued for 10 '+/-2'.
And seventhly, opening a valve between the annular water way of the top die sleeve 4 and the water supply pipe 9 while injecting cooling water into the annular water way of the top die 3, so that the cooling water in the water supply pipe 9 is injected into the annular water way of the top die sleeve 4, and closing the valve after cooling by 15 +/-2 ", thereby completing the whole cooling process.
The cooling water supplied by the water supply pipe 9 is normal temperature cooling water, and the cooling water in the water storage tank 10 is cooling water whose temperature is raised by heat exchange.
The piston blank treated by the method in the embodiment 1 is also put into 0.5% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution or mixed acid for erosion at normal temperature, the erosion time is 5-15 ″, and then the piston blank is put into sulfuric acid aqueous solution heated to (65 +/-2) ° C for erosion of 10-20 ″.
After detection, the metallographic structure of each part of the piston blank is shown in figures 8-10, the eutectic aluminum-silicon microstructure is observed to be 1-2 grade, and the edge length of primary crystal silicon is 30-50 mu m.
The pistons cast in example 1 were subjected to a high temperature tensile test to obtain the data in the following table:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
the room temperature tensile test was performed on the piston cast in example 1 to obtain the data in the following table:
Figure 64994DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
example 2 a piston was cast using a conventional mold and cooling method, comprising the steps of:
in the first step, 780 ℃ is injected into a mold, and cooling water is injected into a water channel of an outer mold of a traditional mold, wherein the water flowing time is 35 +/-2'.
And secondly, injecting cooling water into a water path of the pin while injecting cooling water into a water path of an outer die of the transmission die for cooling, wherein the cooling time is 15 +/-2'.
And (2) putting the piston blank cooled and cast by using the conventional die into a 0.5% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution or mixed acid, corroding at normal temperature for 5-15 ℃, and then putting the piston blank into a sulfuric acid aqueous solution heated to (65 +/-2) DEG C for corroding 10-20'.
After detection, the metallographic structure of each part of the piston blank is shown in figures 11-13, 3-4 grades of eutectic aluminum-silicon microstructures are observed, the length of the edge of primary crystal silicon is 50-90 mu m, and the requirements of the metallographic structure of the piston workpiece are completely met.
By comparing the metallographic structures in example 1 and example 2, the piston blank metallographic structure in example 1 was more excellent.
The pistons cast in example 2 were subjected to a high temperature tensile test to obtain the data in the following table:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
the room temperature tensile test was performed on the piston cast in example 2 to obtain the data in the following table:
Figure 556631DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
after the tensile tests at high temperature and normal temperature were performed on the piston blanks cast in example 1 and example 2, respectively, the tensile effect of the piston blank cast in example 1 was significantly stronger than that of example 2.
It should be noted that while the invention has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various obvious changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. A cooling method for rapidly cooling a mold is characterized in that: comprises the following cooling steps of cooling the mixture,
firstly, after 780 ℃ of aluminum liquid is filled into a mold, a valve between a water supply pipe (9) and an inner core (7) is opened, then a first three-way valve (12) is operated, the inner core (7) is communicated with a water storage tank (10) through the first three-way valve (12), normal temperature cooling water in the water supply pipe (9) is filled into a conformal waterway of the inner core (7), the water cooling time is 40 +/-2', when the time is up, the valve between the water supply pipe (9) and the inner core (7) is closed, and water supply to the inner core (7) is stopped;
secondly, after 25 +/-2' of water is introduced into the inner core (7), operating the first three-way valve (12) to enable the inner core (7) to be communicated with the annular water channel of the outer mold (5) through the first three-way valve (12), injecting cooling water flowing through the inner core (7) into the annular water channel of the outer mold (5) to cool the upper half part of the piston blank, and enabling the cooling water to flow into the water storage tank (10) through the conformal water channel of the inner core (7) and the annular water channel of the outer mold (5) in sequence;
after an annular water path of the outer die (5) is cooled by 15 ' through cooling water flowing through the inner core (7), closing a first three-way valve (12) between the outer die (5) and the inner core (7), opening a valve between the outer die (5) and a water supply pipe (9), injecting normal-temperature cooling water of the water supply pipe (9) into the annular water path of the outer die (5), enabling the cooling water flowing through the annular water path of the outer die (5) to flow into a water storage tank (10), and continuously cooling by 20 ' +/-2 ' through the normal-temperature cooling water in the water supply pipe (9) to enable the total cooling time to be 35 ' +/-2 ';
after the outer die (5) is cooled by water, respectively starting a second three-way valve (13) and a third three-way valve (14), enabling a water pump (15) to sequentially pass through a cooling water path of the pin (6) communicated by the second three-way valve (13) and the third three-way valve (14), using the water pump (15) to inject cooling water in the water storage tank (10) into the cooling water path of the pin (6), after 5 '+/-1' of cooling is finished, starting the second three-way valve (13), enabling a water supply pipe (9) to communicate with the cooling water path of the pin (6) through the second three-way valve (13), injecting normal-temperature cooling water in the water supply pipe (7) into the cooling water path of the pin (6), and continuing to cool 10 '+/-2' of cooling the piston blank;
after the pin (6) is cooled, respectively restarting the second three-way valve (13) and the third three-way valve (14), enabling the water pump (15) to be communicated with the annular water path of the top die (3) through the second three-way valve (13) and the third three-way valve (14) in sequence, and injecting cooling water in the water storage tank (10) into the annular water path of the top die (3) to cool the piston blank by 5 +/-1';
after the top die (3) is cooled by 5 +/-1 'through water, operating a second three-way valve (13) to enable a water supply pipe (9) to be communicated with an annular water path of the top die (3) through the second three-way valve (13), injecting cooling water in the water supply pipe (9) into the annular water path of the top die (3), and continuously cooling by 10 +/-2';
and seventhly, opening a valve between the annular water way of the top die sleeve (4) and a water supply pipe (9) while injecting cooling water into the annular water way of the top die (3), so that the cooling water in the water supply pipe (9) is injected into the annular water way of the top die sleeve (4), and after cooling for 15 +/-2 ", closing the valve, and further completing the whole cooling process.
CN202111384103.9A 2021-11-19 2021-11-19 Cooling method for rapidly cooling piston die Active CN114367638B (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104338917A (en) * 2014-11-11 2015-02-11 山东滨州渤海活塞股份有限公司 Quick cooling die for aluminum pistons produced through gravity casting
CN204262290U (en) * 2014-11-19 2015-04-15 湖南江滨机器(集团)有限责任公司 A kind of pin-and-hole core assembly being applied to piston in metal mold mould
CN104619440A (en) * 2012-07-09 2015-05-13 费德罗-莫格尔公司 Piston outer panel mold and method of constructing a piston and forming an undercut cooling gallery of a piston therewith
CN106735083A (en) * 2016-12-28 2017-05-31 山东滨州渤海活塞股份有限公司 A kind of hyperbar casting head prefabricated component enhancing Piston mould
CN109332603A (en) * 2018-11-22 2019-02-15 湖南江滨机器(集团)有限责任公司 Piston casting equipment and its external mold and cooling means
CN213701728U (en) * 2020-11-06 2021-07-16 上海交通大学 Be used for as cast mould quick cooling system of aluminium base piston

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104619440A (en) * 2012-07-09 2015-05-13 费德罗-莫格尔公司 Piston outer panel mold and method of constructing a piston and forming an undercut cooling gallery of a piston therewith
CN104338917A (en) * 2014-11-11 2015-02-11 山东滨州渤海活塞股份有限公司 Quick cooling die for aluminum pistons produced through gravity casting
CN204262290U (en) * 2014-11-19 2015-04-15 湖南江滨机器(集团)有限责任公司 A kind of pin-and-hole core assembly being applied to piston in metal mold mould
CN106735083A (en) * 2016-12-28 2017-05-31 山东滨州渤海活塞股份有限公司 A kind of hyperbar casting head prefabricated component enhancing Piston mould
CN109332603A (en) * 2018-11-22 2019-02-15 湖南江滨机器(集团)有限责任公司 Piston casting equipment and its external mold and cooling means
CN213701728U (en) * 2020-11-06 2021-07-16 上海交通大学 Be used for as cast mould quick cooling system of aluminium base piston

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