CN114361920A - High-power and high-efficiency 4.3-micrometer all-fiber laser - Google Patents
High-power and high-efficiency 4.3-micrometer all-fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of mid-infrared band fiber lasers, and provides a high-power and high-efficiency 4.3 mu m all-fiber laser, which is Dy3+The doped chalcogenide glass all-fiber laser can effectively solve the problems that the population number between the upper energy level and the lower energy level of laser is difficult to realize inversion and the laser is easy to self-terminate, and realizes high-efficiency and stable 4.3 mu m optical fiber continuous laser output. The invention utilizes the pump beam combiner to combine two beams of pump light with different wavelengths into one beam of optical combination beam to be injected with Dy3+Doping the gain fiber to form forward pump light to realize a dual-wavelength pump structure; pump light which is not completely absorbed can be reflected back to the resonant cavity through the third Bragg fiber grating and the fourth Bragg fiber grating to form backward pump light, so that a bidirectional pump structure is realized; then the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg gratingLaser oscillation is generated in a resonant cavity formed by the gratings, 4.3 mu m laser is formed, and the laser is output through the third fiber Bragg grating, the fourth fiber Bragg grating and the fiber jumper head in sequence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mid-infrared band fiber laser, in particular to a high-power high-efficiency 4.3 mu m band all-fiber Dy3+Doped chalcogenide glass fiber lasers.
Background
The 4 μm band lies in the mid-infrared spectral range and has very unique properties: 4.3 micron in CO2Absorbs an extremely strong spectral band in the peak band, and12CO2and13CO2in (1) corresponds to 0001-000The center wavelength of the 0 vibration band has an extremely slight deviation. Therefore, the band laser light source can be widely applied to CO2In12C、13C isotope measurement and high-sensitivity detection of gas concentration, and simultaneously in mid-infrared spectrum imaging, dangerous gas monitoring, global warming research and research, volcano monitoring and prediction, CO2The method has important application prospect in various fields of lamb dip spectrum measurement, combustion diagnosis, infrared photoelectric countermeasure and the like. Currently, the main acquisition modes of the band laser light source include two technical means such as a mid-infrared parametric oscillator/amplifier (OPO/OPA), a mid-infrared quantum well cascade laser (QCL) and the like. However, the two types of lasers inevitably have the defects of large volume, complex structure, high price, poor beam quality, low output power and the like, which greatly limits the practical application of the laser light source in the wave band in the fields. In contrast, the fiber laser has many advantages of high brightness, good beam quality, stable performance, portability and the like, and is a mid-infrared laser technology mode with the most potential in the future.
The fiber laser mainly comprises a pumping source, a gain fiber medium and a resonant cavity, and the rare earth doped fiber laser is an important component of the fiber laser. Currently benefiting from rare earth doping (Yb)3+、Er3+、Tm3+Etc.) quartz optical fiber and devices, fiber lasers before 2 μm wave band have been successful greatly, the maximum output power has broken through twenty-thousand watts, and the fiber lasers have been widely applied in the fields of laser processing, laser communication, etc. But the maximum phonon energy of the quartz material is high, so that the gain fiber is difficult to apply to the wave of 3-5 μmIn a segment laser. In recent years, some research institutions at home and abroad successively and publicly report Dy with a wave band of 4 mu m3+An ion-doped chalcogenide glass optical fiber. Relevant theoretical work has shown that the fiber is the best gain fiber candidate material for 4.3 micron waveband fiber laser. But because Dy in chalcogenide glass optical fiber3+Upper energy level (m) corresponding to 4.3 μm band laser6H11/2) Fluorescence lifetime less than lower energy level: (6H13/2) Fluorescence lifetime, which leads to two problems during the operation of 4.3 μm band fiber lasers: firstly, the population number between the upper and lower energy levels of the laser is difficult to realize inversion; secondly, the laser is easy to have self-termination phenomenon.
For example: chinese patent CN113097846A, entitled a compact all-fiber laser with four wavelengths in the same repetition frequency in the positive infrared band, through the cascade mutual influence existing in the energy level transition in the rare earth ion doped fiber, and through selecting the laser with different wavelengths by different resonant cavities, the generated laser generates pulse laser under the saturated absorption characteristic of the tapered fiber coated with two-dimensional material, generates pulse laser with the center wavelengths of the same repetition frequency of 2.9 μm, 3.2 μm, 4.3 μm, and 5.49 μm respectively, although it can also generate 4.3 μm fiber laser output, but has the following problems: firstly, the output is pulse laser, but not continuous laser; secondly, a single-pump structure is adopted, which may cause uneven distribution of laser population inversion density and heat carrier along the gain fiber, and cause self-termination of laser; third, the two-dimensional tapered fiber with low damage threshold used therein makes it difficult to achieve high average power laser output.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-power and high-efficiency 4.3 mu m all-fiber laser, which adopts a dual-wavelength pumping structure, effectively solves the problems that the population number between the upper energy level and the lower energy level of the laser is difficult to realize inversion and the laser is easy to self-terminate, and realizes high-efficiency and stable 4.3 mu m fiber continuous laser output.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a high-power and high-efficiency 4.3 μm optical fiber laser is characterized in that: the fiber bragg grating laser comprises a first pumping source, a second pumping source, a pumping beam combiner, a first fiber bragg grating, a gain fiber, a second fiber bragg grating, a third fiber bragg grating, a fourth fiber bragg grating and a fiber jumper head;
the first pump source is in beam-splitting fusion with the first end of the pump beam combiner, and the second pump source is in beam-splitting fusion with the second end of the pump beam combiner; the pump beam combiner, the first fiber Bragg grating, the gain fiber, the second fiber Bragg grating, the third fiber Bragg grating, the fourth fiber Bragg grating and the optical fiber jumper are sequentially welded, and the optical fiber jumper outputs high-power 4.3 mu m continuous laser;
the pump beam combiner combines two beams of pump beams generated by the first pump source and the second pump source and injects the combined beams into the gain optical fiber to form a forward pump beam; a laser resonant cavity is formed between the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating; the third Bragg fiber grating and the fourth Bragg fiber grating reflect pump light which is not completely absorbed to form backward pump light.
Optionally, the first pumping source is a thulium-doped quartz fiber laser, the output wavelength of the thulium-doped quartz fiber laser is 1.7 μm, and the output power of the thulium-doped quartz fiber laser is 0-10W.
Optionally, the second pump source is a Cr-doped ZnSe crystal laser with an optical fiber output head, the output wavelength of the Cr-doped ZnSe crystal laser is 2.4 μm, and the output power of the Cr-doped ZnSe crystal laser is 0-2W.
Optionally, the gain fiber is Dy3+The doped chalcogenide glass optical fiber comprises the components of GaAsSbS, and the doping concentration is 2000 ppm.
Optionally, the first bragg fiber grating has a working wavelength of 4.3 μm, a full width at half maximum of less than 0.2nm, a reflectivity of greater than 99.5%, and an insertion loss of less than 0.2 dB.
Optionally, the working wavelength of the second bragg fiber grating is 4.3 μm, the full width at half maximum is less than 0.2nm, the reflectivity is 20% to 60%, and the insertion loss is less than 0.2 dB.
Optionally, the third bragg fiber grating has a working wavelength of 1.7 μm, a full width at half maximum of greater than 0.5nm, a reflectivity of greater than 99%, and an insertion loss of less than 0.2 dB.
Optionally, the working wavelength of the fourth bragg fiber grating is 2.4 μm, the full width at half maximum is greater than 0.5nm, the reflectivity is greater than 99%, and the insertion loss is less than 0.2 dB.
Optionally, the optical fiber jumper is APC type.
The invention utilizes the pump beam combiner to combine two beams of pump light with different wavelengths into one beam of optical combination beam to be injected with Dy3+Forming a forward pump light in the doped gain fiber; the pump light which is not completely absorbed can be reflected back to the resonant cavity through the third Bragg fiber grating and the fourth Bragg fiber grating to form backward pump light; and then generating laser oscillation in a resonant cavity formed by the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating, forming 4.3 mu m laser, and outputting the laser sequentially through the third fiber Bragg grating, the fourth fiber Bragg grating and the optical fiber jumper head.
The pump beam combiner is used for combining two beams of pump light with different wavelengths into one beam of light to be injected into the gain optical fiber, so that a dual-wavelength pump structure is realized; the third fiber Bragg grating and the fourth fiber Bragg grating are used for reflecting forward pump light which is not completely absorbed by the Dy-doped chalcogenide glass fiber back to the resonant cavity to realize a bidirectional pumping structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the high-power and high-efficiency 4.3 mu m all-fiber laser provided by the invention innovatively uses a dual-wavelength (1.7 mu m and 2.4 mu m) pumping structure, and Dy is absorbed by a Ground State (GSA) of the pumping wavelength of 1.7 mu m3+Pumped to the upper level of 4.3 μm laser (6H11/2) Further, the lower energy level of the 4.3 μm laser is lowered by Excited State Absorption (ESA) of the 2.4 μm pump wavelength (6H13/2) The upper particle number is pumped to a higher upper energy level and then transited to a higher upper energy level through radiationless transition6H11/2Thereby effectively solving Dy3+The particle number between the upper and lower energy levels of 4.3 mu m laser in the doped chalcogenide glass optical fiber is difficult to realize inversion and the laser is easy to self-terminate, and the slope efficiency value of the laser is obviously improved.
2. The high-power and high-efficiency 4.3 mu m all-fiber laser provided by the invention skillfully designs the Bragg fiber gratings with two working wave bands at the pump wavelength respectively in the light path structure, and can reflect the forward pump light which is not completely absorbed by the Dy-doped chalcogenide glass fiber back to the resonant cavity to form a bidirectional pump light, so that the Dy is enabled to be3+The ion number reversal density and the heat carrier are more uniformly distributed along the gain fiber, and the laser self-termination phenomenon is further reduced.
3. The high-power high-efficiency 4.3 mu m all-fiber laser provided by the invention uses the APC jumper head to reduce the generation of parasitic laser in the laser, and further improves the stability and signal-to-noise ratio of the laser.
4. The high-power and high-efficiency 4.3 mu m all-fiber laser provided by the invention has a simple and compact structure, is an all-fiber structure and has good stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the optical path structure of a high-power, high-efficiency 4.3 μm all-fiber laser of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the output laser spectrum for a high power, high efficiency 4.3 μm all fiber laser implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of laser slope efficiency achieved by a high power, high efficiency 4.3 μm all fiber laser of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1-a first pump source, 2-a second pump source, 3-a pump beam combiner, 4-a first fiber Bragg grating, 5-a gain fiber, 6-a second fiber Bragg grating, 7-a third fiber Bragg grating, 8-a fourth fiber Bragg grating and 9-a fiber jumper head.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, a high-power, high-efficiency 4.3 μm all-fiber laser proposed by the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a high-power, high-efficiency 4.3 μm all-fiber laser, which is a chalcogenide glass fiber laser and adopts an all-fiber structure, and the specific structure of the laser mainly includes a first pump source 1, a second pump source 2, a pump beam combiner 3, a first Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)4, a gain fiber 5, a second Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)6, a third Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)7, a fourth Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)8, and a fiber jumper 9.
The first pump source 1 is welded with the beam splitting end a of the pump beam combiner 3, and the second pump source 2 is welded with the beam splitting end b of the pump beam combiner 3; one end of the first Bragg fiber grating 4 is welded with the beam combining end of the pump beam combiner 3, and the other end of the first Bragg fiber grating is welded with the gain fiber 5; one end of the second fiber Bragg grating 6 is welded with the gain fiber 5, and the other end of the second fiber Bragg grating is connected with the third fiber Bragg grating 7; one end of the fourth fiber Bragg grating 8 is welded with the third fiber Bragg grating 7, and the other end is welded with the optical fiber jumper 9.
The first pump source 1 can adopt the existing 1.7 μm thulium-doped quartz fiber laser (for example, the proposal of patent document CN 106329296A), the output wavelength is 1.7 μm, and the output power is 0-10W; the second pumping source 2 can adopt a Cr-doped ZnSe crystal laser produced by IPG company, the output wavelength is 2.4 mu m, and the output power is 0-2W; the working wave band of the pump beam combiner 3 is 1.5-2.5 mu m, and the insertion loss is less than 0.2 dB; the gain fiber 5 can adopt Dy doped GaAsSbS-based fiber, the doping concentration is 2000ppm, and the transmission loss is 3 dB/m; the working wavelength bands of the first fiber Bragg grating 4 and the second fiber Bragg grating 6 are 4.3 mu m, the full width at half maximum is 0.5nm, wherein the reflectivity of the first fiber Bragg grating 4 is more than 99.5 percent, and the reflectivity of the second fiber Bragg grating 6 is 30 percent; the working wave bands of the third Bragg fiber grating 7 and the fourth Bragg fiber grating 8 are respectively 1.7 mu m and 2.4 mu m, the reflectivity is more than 99.5 percent, the half-height width is 0.5nm, and the insertion loss is less than 0.3 dB; the fiber pigtail 9 is APC type.
The parameters of the optical fiber devices can be adjusted within a small range, but the parameters of the devices are matched.
The first pump source 1 is a thulium-doped quartz fiber laser,the second pump source 2 is a Cr-doped ZnSe crystal laser, and the pump beam combiner 3 is used for combining two pump beams and injecting Dy3+In the doped gain fiber 5, a forward pump light is formed, and the pump light which is not completely absorbed is reflected back to the resonant cavity through the third bragg fiber grating 7 and the fourth bragg fiber grating 8 to form a backward pump light, then laser oscillation is generated in the resonant cavity formed by the first bragg fiber grating 4 and the second bragg fiber grating 6, 4.3 μm fiber laser is formed, and then the fiber laser is sequentially output through the third bragg fiber grating 7, the fourth bragg fiber grating 8 and the APC fiber jumper head 9.
The pump beam combiner 3 is used for combining two beams of pump light with different wavelengths into one beam of pump light to be injected into the gain optical fiber 5, so that a dual-wavelength pump structure is realized; the third fiber Bragg grating 7 and the fourth fiber Bragg grating 8 are used for reflecting forward pump light which is not completely absorbed by the Dy-doped chalcogenide glass fiber back to the resonant cavity to realize a bidirectional pumping structure.
The high-power and high-efficiency 4.3 μm mid-infrared all-fiber laser provided by the embodiment innovatively uses a dual-wavelength (1.7 and 2.4 μm) pumping structure, and Dy is absorbed by a Ground State Absorption (GSA) of the pumping wavelength of 1.7 μm3+Pumped to the upper level of 4.3 μm laser (6H11/2) Further, the lower energy level of the 4.3 μm laser is lowered by Excited State Absorption (ESA) of the 2.4 μm pump wavelength (6H13/2) The upper particle number is pumped to a higher upper energy level and then transited to a higher upper energy level through radiationless transition6H11/2And further participate in 4.3 mu m laser radiation, thereby effectively solving Dy3+The particle number between the upper and lower energy levels of 4.3 mu m laser in the doped chalcogenide glass optical fiber is difficult to realize inversion and the laser is easy to self-terminate, and the slope efficiency value of the laser is obviously improved.
The third fiber Bragg grating 7 and the fourth fiber Bragg grating 8 with two working wave bands at the pumping wavelength are skillfully designed in the light path structure, and the forward pump light which is not completely absorbed by the Dy-doped chalcogenide glass fiber is reflected back to the resonant cavity to form a bidirectional pump light, so that the Dy3+Ion number reversal density and heatThe load is more uniformly distributed along the gain fiber, and the laser self-termination phenomenon is further reduced. Laser is output through the APC optical fiber jumper 9, so that the generation of parasitic laser in the laser can be reduced, and the stability and the signal-to-noise ratio of the laser are further improved.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, a dual-wavelength (1.7 μm and 2.4 μm) pumping structure is adopted, and two bragg fiber gratings with working wavelength bands at the pumping wavelength are designed in the optical path structure, respectively, so that the forward pump light which is not completely absorbed by the Dy-doped chalcogenide glass fiber can be reflected back to the resonant cavity to form a bidirectional pump light, and based on the thulium-doped silica fiber and the Cr-doped ZnSe co-doped crystal fiber, the high-power 4.3 μm continuous fiber laser output is realized, the laser center wavelength is 4300.2nm, the signal-to-noise ratio is up to more than 55dB, and the Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) noise in the laser is well suppressed. In addition, thanks to the dual-wavelength and bidirectional pumping mode, the laser effectively eliminates the laser self-termination phenomenon, and the maximum laser output power slope efficiency is as high as 1.5 watt and 35 percent (as shown in figure 3), which is far higher than the output power and slope efficiency values which are publicly reported in the wave band at present.
The optical fiber laser in the embodiment is of an all-fiber structure, and Dy is effectively solved3+The problems that the population number between the upper and lower energy levels of the laser is difficult to realize inversion and the laser is easy to self-terminate in the 4.3 mu m fiber laser operation process of the doped chalcogenide glass fiber are solved, and meanwhile, the doped chalcogenide glass fiber laser has the advantages of simple structure, excellent compactness and good laser output stability and is very suitable for later-stage packaging and integrated development.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the technical solutions that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concepts of the embodiments in the prior art should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A high-power and high-efficiency 4.3 μm all-fiber laser is characterized in that: the fiber bragg grating gain amplifier comprises a first pumping source (1), a second pumping source (2), a pumping beam combiner (3), a first bragg fiber grating (4), a gain fiber (5), a second bragg fiber grating (6), a third bragg fiber grating (7), a fourth bragg fiber grating (8) and a fiber jumper head (9);
the first pump source (1) is in split-beam welding with the first end of the pump beam combiner (3), and the second pump source (2) is in split-beam welding with the second end of the pump beam combiner (3); the pump beam combiner (3), the first Bragg fiber grating (4), the gain fiber (5), the second Bragg fiber grating (6), the third Bragg fiber grating (7), the fourth Bragg fiber grating (8) and the optical fiber jumper head (9) are sequentially welded, and the optical fiber jumper head (9) outputs high-power 4.3 mu m continuous laser;
the pump beam combiner (3) combines two beams of pump beams generated by the first pump source (1) and the second pump source (2) and injects the combined beams into the gain fiber (5) to form a forward pump light; a laser resonant cavity is formed between the first fiber Bragg grating (4) and the second fiber Bragg grating (6); the third fiber Bragg grating (7) and the fourth fiber Bragg grating (8) reflect pump light which is not completely absorbed to form backward pump light.
2. The high power, high efficiency 4.3 μm all fiber laser of claim 1, wherein:
the first pumping source (1) is a thulium-doped quartz fiber laser, the output wavelength of the thulium-doped quartz fiber laser is 1.7 mu m, and the output power of the thulium-doped quartz fiber laser is 0-10W.
3. A high power, high efficiency 4.3 μm all fiber laser according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the second pump source (2) is a Cr-doped ZnSe crystal laser with an optical fiber output head, the output wavelength of the Cr-doped ZnSe crystal laser is 2.4 mu m, and the output power of the Cr-doped ZnSe crystal laser is 0-2W.
4. A high power, high efficiency 4.3 μm all fiber laser according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the gain fiber (5) is Dy3+The doped chalcogenide glass optical fiber comprises the following components of GaAsSbS, doping concentration 2000 ppm.
5. A high power, high efficiency 4.3 μm all fiber laser according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that:
the working wavelength of the first Bragg fiber grating (4) is 4.3 mu m, the full width at half maximum is less than 0.2nm, the reflectivity is more than 99.5%, and the insertion loss is less than 0.2 dB.
6. The high power, high efficiency 4.3 μm all fiber laser of claim 5, wherein:
the working wavelength of the second Bragg fiber grating (6) is 4.3 mu m, the full width at half maximum is less than 0.2nm, the reflectivity is 20-60%, and the insertion loss is less than 0.2 dB.
7. The high power, high efficiency 4.3 μm all fiber laser of claim 6, wherein:
the working wavelength of the third Bragg fiber grating (7) is 1.7 mu m, the full width at half maximum is more than 0.5nm, the reflectivity is more than 99 percent, and the insertion loss is less than 0.2 dB.
8. The high power, high efficiency 4.3 μm all fiber laser of claim 7, wherein:
the working wavelength of the fourth Bragg fiber grating (8) is 2.4 mu m, the full width at half maximum is more than 0.5nm, the reflectivity is more than 99 percent, and the insertion loss is less than 0.2 dB.
9. The high power, high efficiency 4.3 μm all fiber laser of claim 1, wherein:
the optical fiber jumper head (9) is APC type.
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