CN114361600A - Method for improving interface compatibility of lithium ion battery anode material and solid electrolyte - Google Patents

Method for improving interface compatibility of lithium ion battery anode material and solid electrolyte Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114361600A
CN114361600A CN202111638180.2A CN202111638180A CN114361600A CN 114361600 A CN114361600 A CN 114361600A CN 202111638180 A CN202111638180 A CN 202111638180A CN 114361600 A CN114361600 A CN 114361600A
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alkoxide
positive electrode
coating
lithium
llzo
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郭华军
苑博涵
高旭光
张志平
王志兴
颜果春
王接喜
徐宁
刘夏
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Central South University
Guangdong Greenway Technology Co Ltd
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Central South University
Guangdong Greenway Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the interface compatibility of a lithium ion battery anode material and a solid electrolyte, which comprises the following steps: s1: placing the positive electrode particles in a vibration fluidized dryer, adding 5-20L/kg of zirconium alkoxide of the positive electrode particles in a spraying mode, performing vibration drying for the first time, and coating the positive electrode particles for the first time; s2: adding 5-30L/kg of lithium alkoxide, lanthanum alkoxide and zirconium alkoxide mixed solution of the anode particles in a spraying mode, performing secondary vibration drying, and performing secondary coating on the anode particles to obtain a coating material; s3: calcining the coating material in oxygen airflow to obtain a LLZO modified positive electrode material; s4: and assembling the LLZO modified positive electrode material, the garnet solid electrolyte and the metallic lithium negative electrode into the all-solid-state lithium ion battery. The anode material prepared by the method is used for the all-solid-state battery, and the active material and the solid electrolyte have good interface compatibility, stable cycle performance and good safety.

Description

Method for improving interface compatibility of lithium ion battery anode material and solid electrolyte
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a method for improving the interface compatibility of a lithium ion battery anode material and a solid electrolyte.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, environmental friendliness, long cycle life, no memory effect and the like, is widely applied to mobile phones, notebook computers, photovoltaic power generation systems and new energy automobiles, and becomes a new-generation energy storage device. The rapid development of new energy industry puts higher requirements on the cycle performance and safety of lithium ion batteries.
The garnet solid electrolyte has the advantages of good chemical stability, good compatibility with electrode materials, high ionic conductivity, higher electrochemical decomposition voltage and the like, wherein Li7La3Zr2O12(LLZO) solid electrolyte with room temperature ionic conductivity up to 10-3S/cm, the activation energy is only 0.3eV, and the method has good application prospect.
The positive electrode materials such as lithium cobaltate, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate and the like are widely concerned due to the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity, high volume energy density and the like, but the positive electrode materials face the problems of serious surface lithium residue, interface side reaction, interface impedance increase, structure degradation and the like, and further application of the positive electrode materials is hindered. Therefore, the realization of the surface stability of the positive electrode active material has very important significance for the improvement of the performance of the positive electrode active material. In addition, as a next-generation lithium ion all-solid-state battery with high safety performance, there are many problems to be solved, among which the problem of interface compatibility of an active material and a solid electrolyte is particularly important.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for improving the interfacial compatibility between the lithium ion battery cathode material and the solid electrolyte.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving the interface compatibility of a lithium ion battery anode material and a solid electrolyte, and aims to solve the problems of serious surface residual lithium, interface side reaction, increased interface impedance and structural degradation of the conventional anode material.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving interfacial compatibility of a lithium ion battery positive electrode material and a solid electrolyte, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: placing the positive electrode particles in a vibration fluidized dryer, adding 5-20L/kg of zirconium alkoxide with the concentration of 0.0001-0.001M of the positive electrode particles in a spraying mode, performing vibration drying for the first time, and coating the positive electrode particles for the first time;
s2: adding 5-30L/kg of the positive electrode particles and a mixed solution of lithium alkoxide, lanthanum alkoxide and zirconium alkoxide with the concentration of 0.001-0.01M in a spraying mode, performing secondary vibration drying, and performing secondary coating on the positive electrode particles to obtain a coating material;
s3: calcining the coating material in oxygen airflow to obtain a LLZO modified cathode material;
s4: and assembling the LLZO modified positive electrode material, the garnet solid electrolyte and the metallic lithium negative electrode into an all-solid-state lithium ion battery.
Further, the mass of the positive electrode particles is 10-30 g.
Furthermore, the molar ratio of the lithium alkoxide, the lanthanum alkoxide and the zirconium alkoxide in the mixed solution of the lithium alkoxide, the lanthanum alkoxide and the zirconium alkoxide is 7:3:2 in terms of metal elements.
Furthermore, the metal alkoxide auxiliary agent is added into the S2, the concentration is 0.001-0.01M, and the addition amount is 0.5-2 wt% of coating amount.
Furthermore, the metal alkoxide is one or more of tantalum alkoxide, niobium alkoxide, magnesium alkoxide, titanium alkoxide, germanium alkoxide, tin alkoxide, rubidium alkoxide, calcium alkoxide, barium alkoxide and bismuth alkoxide.
Further, the first vibration drying temperature is 150-200 ℃, the time is 1-6 hours, the second vibration drying temperature is 100-300 ℃, the calcining temperature is 400-600 ℃, and the time is 10 min-1 hour.
Further, the LLZO modified cathode material is a cathode material comprising a lithium zirconate preset protective layer and a LLZO coating layer.
Further, the LLZO is amorphous.
Further, the flow rate of the spraying carrier gas in the S1 and the S2 is set to be 1-10L/min, the feeding rate is set to be 1-15 mL/min, the oxygen purity in the S3 is more than or equal to 90%, and the flow rate of the oxygen is set to be 0.02-0.06L/min.
Further, the thickness of the coating layers in the S1, the S2 and the S3 is 10-50 nm. .
The scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the scheme, a progressive spray drying method is adopted, zirconium is added firstly, residual lithium on the surface of a positive electrode material is consumed, the residual lithium preferentially reacts with lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate on the surface to generate lithium zirconate, the lithium zirconate becomes a protective layer, the residual lithium on the surface can be reduced, a preset layer can be generated, lithium alkoxide, lanthanum alkoxide and zirconium alkoxide are added in a spray mode according to the stoichiometric ratio, a LLZO phase is generated during calcination, the ionic conductivity is improved, and the traditional process is that metal organic salts are mixed and then sprayed, and the residual lithium on the surface cannot be consumed in advance.
2) The invention can synthesize the nano coating layer by a spray drying method, achieves more uniform and complete coating effect, can quickly finish sintering at low temperature, has short-range order of the sintered amorphous LLZO coating layer, is uniformly and tightly contacted with the anode material, and has small integral impedance.
3) The anode material prepared by the method is used for the all-solid-state battery, and the active material and the solid electrolyte have good interface compatibility, stable cycle performance and good safety.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following detailed description is given with reference to specific embodiments.
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a method for improving the interfacial compatibility of a lithium ion battery anode material and a solid electrolyte.
The first embodiment is as follows:
1) 20g of LiCoO were taken2Placing the granules in a vibration fluidized dryer, and making into powder 0.0001M C8H20O4Taking 100mL of Zr solution, spraying into the vibration fluidized dryer at 200 ℃ at a carrier gas flow rate of 5L/min and a feed rate of 2mL/min, and vibration drying at 30Hz for 2h to obtain LiCoO2Coating the particles;
2) formulation 0.007M C2H5LiO solution, 0.003M C6H15LaO3Solution, 0.002M C8H20O4Respectively taking 119.1mL of Zr solution, mixing, stirring for 1h on a magnetic stirring table, spraying the solution into the vibrating fluidized dryer at the flow rate of 5L/min carrier gas and the feeding rate of 2mL/min at 200 ℃, vibrating and drying for 1h at the frequency of 30Hz, and coating the material;
3) and placing the coating material in oxygen airflow with the purity of 99% and the flow rate of 0.04L/min, calcining for 50min at 500 ℃, simultaneously discharging oxygen and volatilized organic solvent from the exhaust holes, stopping heating after the volatilization of the organic solvent is finished, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the LLZO coated cathode material.
4) The prepared LLZO modified cathode material, garnet type solid electrolyte and a metallic lithium cathode are assembled into an all-solid-state lithium ion battery, the first discharge specific capacity is 138.8mAh/g (0.2C), and the capacity retention rate is 91.08% after the battery is cycled for 100 times at 0.5C.
Comparative example one:
1) 20g of LiCoO were taken2Granules, placed in a vibrating fluidized dryer, formulation 0.007M C2H5LiO solution, 0.003M C6H15LaO3Solution, 0.002M C8H20O4Zr solutions, 119.1mL each, were mixed and stirred on a magnetic stirring table for 1h, the solution was sprayed into the vibrating fluidized dryer at a carrier gas flow rate of 5L/min, a feed rate of 2mL/min, at 200 ℃ and dried by vibration at a frequency of 30Hz for 1h to LiCoO2Coating is carried out;
2) and placing the coating material in oxygen airflow with the purity of 99% and the flow rate of 0.04L/min, calcining for 50min at 500 ℃, simultaneously discharging oxygen and volatilized organic solvent from the exhaust holes, stopping heating after the volatilization of the organic solvent is finished, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the LLZO coated cathode material.
3) The prepared LLZO modified cathode material, garnet type solid electrolyte and a metallic lithium cathode are assembled into an all-solid-state lithium ion battery, the first discharge specific capacity is 125.2mAh/g (0.2C), and the capacity retention rate is 83.25% after the battery is cycled for 100 times at 0.5C.
Comparative example two:
1) 20g of LiCoO were taken2Placing the granules in a vibration fluidized dryer, and making into powder 0.0001M C8H20O4Taking 100mL of Zr solution, spraying into the vibration fluidized dryer at 200 ℃ at a carrier gas flow rate of 5L/min and a feed rate of 2mL/min, and vibration drying at 30Hz for 2h to obtain LiCoO2Coating the particles;
2) and placing the coating material in oxygen airflow with the purity of 99% and the flow rate of 0.04L/min, calcining for 50min at 500 ℃, simultaneously discharging oxygen and volatilized organic solvent from the exhaust holes, stopping heating after the volatilization of the organic solvent is finished, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the LLZO coated cathode material.
3) The prepared LLZO modified cathode material, garnet type solid electrolyte and a metallic lithium cathode are assembled into an all-solid-state lithium ion battery, the first discharge specific capacity is 115.1mAh/g (0.2C), and the capacity retention rate is 79.33% after the battery is cycled for 100 times at 0.5C.
Example two:
1) 20g of LiCoO were taken2Placing the granules in a vibration fluidized dryer, and making into powder 0.0001M C8H20O4Taking 100mL of Zr solution, spraying into the vibration fluidized dryer at 200 ℃ at a carrier gas flow rate of 5L/min and a feed rate of 2mL/min, and vibration drying at 30Hz for 2h to obtain LiCoO2Coating the particles;
2) formulation 0.0064M C2H5LiO solution, 0.003M C6H15LaO3Solution, 0.0014M C8H20O4Zr solution, 0.0006M C10H30TaO5112.4mL of the mixed solution is stirred for 1h on a magnetic stirring table, the solution is sprayed and added into the vibration fluidized dryer at the flow rate of 5L/min carrier gas and the feeding rate of 2mL/min at the temperature of 200 ℃, and the vibration drying is carried out for 1h at the frequency of 30Hz, so as to coat the material;
3) and placing the coating material in oxygen airflow with the purity of 99% and the flow rate of 0.04L/min, calcining for 50min at 500 ℃, simultaneously discharging oxygen and volatilized organic solvent from the exhaust holes, stopping heating after the volatilization of the organic solvent is finished, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the LLZO coated cathode material.
4) The prepared LLZO modified cathode material, garnet type solid electrolyte and a metallic lithium cathode are assembled into an all-solid-state lithium ion battery, the first discharge specific capacity is 136.8mAh/g (0.2C), and the capacity retention rate is 92.20% after the battery is cycled for 100 times at 0.5C.
Example three:
1) 20g of LiCoO were taken2Placing the granules in a vibration fluidized dryer, and preparing to 0.0002M C8H20O4Taking 100mL of Zr solution, spraying into the vibration fluidized dryer at 200 ℃ at a carrier gas flow rate of 5L/min and a feed rate of 2mL/min, and vibration drying at 30Hz for 2h to obtain LiCoO2Coating the particles;
2) formulation 0.007M C2H5LiO solution, 0.003M C6H15LaO3Solution, 0.002M C8H20O4178.6mL of Zr solution are respectively taken and mixed, then the mixture is stirred for 1h on a magnetic stirring table, the solution is sprayed and added into the vibrating fluidized dryer at the flow rate of 5L/min carrier gas and the feeding rate of 2mL/min at the temperature of 200 ℃, the vibrating fluidized dryer is vibrated and dried for 1h at the frequency of 30Hz, and the materials are coated;
3) and placing the coating material in oxygen airflow with the purity of 99% and the flow rate of 0.04L/min, calcining for 50min at 500 ℃, simultaneously discharging oxygen and volatilized organic solvent from the exhaust holes, stopping heating after the volatilization of the organic solvent is finished, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the LLZO coated cathode material.
4) The prepared LLZO modified cathode material, garnet type solid electrolyte and a metallic lithium cathode are assembled into an all-solid-state lithium ion battery, the first discharge specific capacity is 135.4mAh/g (0.2C), and the capacity retention rate is 90.35% after the battery is cycled for 100 times at 0.5C.
Example four:
1) 20g of LiNi was taken0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Placing the granules in a vibration fluidized dryer, and making into powder 0.0001M C8H20O4Taking 100mL of Zr solution, spraying into the vibration fluidized dryer at 200 ℃ at a carrier gas flow rate of 5L/min and a feed rate of 2mL/min, and vibration drying at 30Hz for 2h to obtain LiCoO2Coating the particles;
2) formulation 0.007M C2H5LiO solution, 0.003M C6H15LaO3Solution, 0.002M C8H20O4Respectively taking 119.1mL of Zr solution, mixing, stirring for 1h on a magnetic stirring table, spraying the solution into the vibrating fluidized dryer at the flow rate of 5L/min carrier gas and the feeding rate of 2mL/min at 200 ℃, vibrating and drying for 1h at the frequency of 30Hz, and coating the material;
3) and placing the coating material in oxygen airflow with the purity of 99% and the flow rate of 0.04L/min, calcining for 50min at 500 ℃, simultaneously discharging oxygen and volatilized organic solvent from the exhaust holes, stopping heating after the volatilization of the organic solvent is finished, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the LLZO coated cathode material.
4) The prepared LLZO modified cathode material, garnet type solid electrolyte and a metallic lithium cathode are assembled into an all-solid-state lithium ion battery, the first discharge specific capacity is 140.3mAh/g (0.2C), and the capacity retention rate is 92.35% after the battery is cycled for 100 times at 0.5C.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for improving the interfacial compatibility of a lithium ion battery positive electrode material and a solid electrolyte, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: placing the positive electrode particles in a vibration fluidized dryer, adding 5-20L/kg of zirconium alkoxide with the concentration of 0.0001-0.001M of the positive electrode particles in a spraying mode, performing vibration drying for the first time, and coating the positive electrode particles for the first time;
s2: adding 5-30L/kg of the positive electrode particles and a mixed solution of lithium alkoxide, lanthanum alkoxide and zirconium alkoxide with the concentration of 0.001-0.01M in a spraying mode, performing vibration drying for the second time, and coating the positive electrode particles for the second time to obtain a coating material;
s3: calcining the coating material in oxygen airflow to obtain a LLZO modified cathode material;
s4: and assembling the LLZO modified positive electrode material, the garnet solid electrolyte and the metallic lithium negative electrode into an all-solid-state lithium ion battery.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the positive electrode particles is 10 to 30 g.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the lithium alkoxide, lanthanum alkoxide, and zirconium alkoxide in the mixed solution of the lithium alkoxide, lanthanum alkoxide, and zirconium alkoxide is 7:3:2 in terms of metal element.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal alkoxide auxiliary is added in the S2 at a concentration of 0.001-0.01M, and the addition is such that the coating amount is 0.5-2 wt.%.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the metal alkoxide is one or more of tantalum alkoxide, niobium alkoxide, magnesium alkoxide, titanium alkoxide, germanium alkoxide, tin alkoxide, rubidium alkoxide, calcium alkoxide, barium alkoxide, and bismuth alkoxide.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first vibration drying temperature is 150-200 ℃ for 1-6 h, the second vibration drying temperature is 100-300 ℃, and the calcination temperature is 400-600 ℃ for 10 min-1 h.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the LLZO modified cathode material is a cathode material comprising a lithium zirconate pre-protective layer and a LLZO coating layer.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the LLZO is amorphous.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the carrier gas for spraying in S1 and S2 is set to 1-10L/min, the feed rate is set to 1-15 mL/min, the purity of oxygen in S3 is 90% or more, and the flow rate of oxygen is set to 0.02-0.06L/min.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cladding layers in S1, S2 and S3 are 10-50 nm thick.
CN202111638180.2A 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Method for improving interface compatibility of lithium ion battery anode material and solid electrolyte Pending CN114361600A (en)

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