CN114360845B - Superconducting coil joint, preparation method and superconducting coil - Google Patents
Superconducting coil joint, preparation method and superconducting coil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114360845B CN114360845B CN202210062112.4A CN202210062112A CN114360845B CN 114360845 B CN114360845 B CN 114360845B CN 202210062112 A CN202210062112 A CN 202210062112A CN 114360845 B CN114360845 B CN 114360845B
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Abstract
The invention provides a superconducting coil joint, a preparation method and a superconducting coil, which comprise the following steps: step S1: obtaining a base band, and polishing the base band; step S2: sequentially forming a transition layer, a superconducting layer and a silver layer on the base band to obtain a multilayer structure; and step S3: cutting the multilayer structure to obtain the required width; and step S4: pre-plating copper on the multilayer structure; the method also comprises a scribing step: transition layer, superconducting layer or silver layer are along the first mark of length direction scratch twice, along width direction scratch multichannel second mar, the second mar is located at thickness direction's projection between the first mark of twice. The diameter of the outward turning of the joint can reach 5mm, and the turning diameter is greatly reduced. The joint is positioned at the center of the magnetic field and is influenced most by the Lorentz force, and scratches on two sides obstruct the influence of the Lorentz force on the cut edges of the strip.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superconduction, in particular to a superconducting coil joint, a preparation method and a superconducting coil.
Background
Since the first discovery of superconducting phenomena in laboratories by professor "Enna" of California university of Lepton, the Netherlands in 1911, superconducting materials and applications thereof have always been one of the most active leading-edge research fields of modern science and technology. In the past decades, research on superconducting power equipment mainly based on superconduction has been rapidly developed, and remarkable results have been achieved in the fields of superconducting energy storage, superconducting motors, superconducting cables, superconducting current limiters, superconducting transformers, superconducting magnetic levitation, nuclear magnetic resonance and the like. Superconducting tapes are classified into bismuth-based and yttrium-based ones. Bismuth-based superconductors, i.e., first-generation superconducting materials, also called BSCCO superconductors; yttrium series superconductors, i.e. second generation superconducting materials, are also called YBCO or ReBCO superconductors.
Since ReBCO, which is a superconducting current-carrying core, is hard and brittle, the second generation superconducting tapes are generally produced by a multilayer coating process on a nickel-based alloy substrate, and are also used as coated conductors. The second generation superconducting tapes generally consist of a base tape, a buffer layer (transition layer), a superconducting layer, and a protective layer. The role of the metal substrate is to provide the strip with excellent mechanical properties. The transition layer has the functions of preventing the mutual diffusion of elements between the superconducting layer and the metal substrate, and providing a good template for the epitaxial growth of the superconducting layer to improve the arrangement quality of YBCO crystal grains. Coated conductors with excellent superconducting properties are produced, requiring a superconducting layer with a consistent biaxial texture. Biaxial texture means that the grains are nearly uniformly aligned in both the a/b axis and the c axis (the c axis is perpendicular to the a/b plane). The alignment degree (in-plane texture) of the YBCO film in the a/b axis direction is relatively difficult to realize, and the poor in-plane texture can seriously reduce the superconducting performance. It is therefore desirable to epitaxially grow YBCO superconducting films on transition layers that already have biaxial texture and matched crystal lattice. Two main technical routes for realizing the biaxial texture are provided, one is a rolling auxiliary biaxial texture base band technology, and the other is an ion beam auxiliary deposition technology. The common techniques for preparing the ReBCO superconducting layer are divided into various techniques, such as pulsed laser deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition, reaction co-evaporation and the like. The protective layer is mainly used for protecting the superconducting film layer, and a silver layer with the thickness of 1-5 mu m is generally plated on the surface of the superconducting tape. The second generation high temperature superconducting tapes, which are only protected by silver, generally do not satisfy the requirements of the application. It is a common practice internationally to subject the tape to a copper plating treatment, i.e. to plate a copper layer of 1-80um on the surface of the silver-plated superconducting tape.
Ordinary superconducting coils are generally made into pancake coils, and the pancake coils are divided into double-pancake or single-pancake coils. And one current lead of the single-pancake coil is arranged at the middle part and the other current lead is arranged at the outer side, and two current leads of the double-pancake coil are arranged at the outer sides of the coils. Therefore, from the practical engineering point of view, the structure of the double-pancake coil is preferred. HTS tapes undergo two simultaneous bending deformations: firstly, the bending deformation is determined by the inner diameter (framework outer diameter) of the magnet along the belt surface direction; second is lateral bending along the direction of the belt width. The first turn of the double-pancake coil is a single pancake to another single pancake transition, as compared to the other turns of the coil that are only bent in the face direction, and the HTS tape is not only bent in the face direction, but also has a wide band of movement on the bobbin axis, causing the tape to bend laterally. The middle of the double-pancake coil uses a superconducting tape for oblique transition, and the superconducting tape is generally used on a large coil. Because the transition distance is long enough, the resulting lateral bending forces are also acceptable. However, on small coils, such a skew approach can fail because the ribbon does not withstand the lateral bending stresses. It is therefore generally necessary to make a joint. Of course, the double-pancake coil is generally used for manufacturing the joint on the inner side and the joint on the outer side, the inner joint is generally complex, and the double-pancake coil is designed for the inner joint.
The superconducting tape is coated on the rolled hastelloy, and the current of the superconducting tape in the width direction is only 1/3 of the current in the length direction. If the strip material is spliced in the width direction, the splice resistance is more than 5 times that of the strip material spliced in the length direction.
Because the superconducting tape is a coating material, the joint must be manufactured by considering the superconducting surface of the tape. The superconducting surface is opposite to the superconducting surface, the level of the current industrial-grade prepared joint is in the 10n omega grade, if the superconducting surface is opposite to the back surface of another strip material, even if the back of the superconducting strip material is opposite to the back surface to make the joint, the resistance can reach the mu omega grade, and the resistance can not be accepted in a coil with higher requirement.
The superconducting tape is a coating material, and the turning diameters of the superconducting tape in two bending directions are different. Generally speaking, the inward turning diameter of the YBCO surface is small, and can reach 4-6mm at the minimum. The YBCO surface facing outwards has larger turning diameter which generally reaches 13-15mm. The reason is that the ReBCO crystal grains resist compression and do not resist tension, the compressive strain exceeds 1 percent, and the tensile strain is only 0.4 percent. In a non-porous high field magnet, the smaller the curvature of the intermediate ribbon needed, the better, which allows a larger magnetic field to be obtained. Considering that the superconducting surfaces must be jointed with the superconducting surfaces, the outward turning diameter of the intermediate joint section strip is 15mm, which becomes a bottleneck for further reducing the hole diameter.
In addition, the joints of the innermost turns of the coil are at the aperture of the high field magnet where the strip is stressed very much by the lorentz force under the magnetic field. Because the joint strip cannot protrude outwards, the joint strip needs to be mechanically cut into the required width, the film layer at the edge of the superconducting layer of the joint strip can be cracked due to the cutting, and the cracks can further expand under a strong magnetic field to damage the strip.
The superconducting tape undergoes a cooling-heating cycle during use. When the superconducting tape is returned to the temperature, a large amount of water is inevitably formed on the surface of the superconducting tape. Water reacts directly with the superconducting material, causing the properties of the superconducting material to be destroyed. Therefore, whether the copper-plated layer of the superconducting strip can form a complete sheath structure or not becomes very critical to isolate the corrosion of moisture to the superconducting layer. The silver layer formed by magnetron sputtering or vapor plating on the surface of the superconducting strip still has tiny holes, so that the silver layer cannot form a complete sheath on the superconducting layer, in the electroplating process, liquid directly reacts with the superconducting material to cause the performance of the superconducting material to be damaged, and the surface of the superconducting strip after being plated with silver can generate bubbling phenomena of different degrees, so that whether a copper-plated layer of the superconducting strip can form a complete sheath structure or not is very critical to isolating corrosion of the liquid on the superconducting layer. It becomes very tricky how to solve this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a superconducting coil joint, a preparation method and a superconducting coil.
The preparation method of the superconducting coil joint provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: obtaining a baseband;
step S2: sequentially forming a transition layer, a superconducting layer and a silver layer on the base band to obtain a multilayer structure;
and step S3: cutting the multilayer structure to obtain the required width;
and step S4: pre-plating copper on the multilayer structure;
the method also comprises a scribing step:
after the transition layer is formed, scribing two first scratches on the transition layer along the length direction, scribing a plurality of second scratches on the transition layer along the width direction, and continuously forming the superconducting layer and the silver layer on the scribed transition layer; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
after the superconducting layer is formed, scribing two first scratches on the superconducting layer along the length direction, scribing a plurality of second scratches on the superconducting layer along the width direction, and continuously forming a silver layer on the scribed superconducting layer; alternatively, the first and second liquid crystal display panels may be,
after the silver layer is formed, scribing two first scratches on the silver layer and the superconducting layer along the length direction, scribing a plurality of second scratches on the silver layer and the superconducting layer along the width direction, and continuously forming the silver layer on the scribed superconducting layer; alternatively, the first and second liquid crystal display panels may be,
after the transition layer is formed, scribing two first scratches on the transition layer along the length direction, plating a superconducting layer on the scribed transition layer, scribing a plurality of second scratches on the superconducting layer along the width direction, and plating a silver layer on the scribed superconducting layer; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
after the transition layer is formed, scribing two first scratches on the transition layer along the length direction, plating a superconducting layer and a silver layer on the scribed transition layer, and scribing a plurality of second scratches on the silver layer along the width direction;
wherein, the second mar is located at the projection of thickness direction the first mar of twice is located between the projection of thickness direction, and the position of cutting is located the outside of the first mar of twice.
Preferably, the scribing is performed by laser scribing.
Preferably, the transition layer is carved first mar or the degree of depth of second mar equals the thickness of superconductive layer the superconductive layer is carved first mar or the degree of depth of second mar equals the thickness of superconductive layer the silver layer is carved first mar or the degree of depth of second mar equals the superconductive layer adds the thickness of silver layer.
Preferably, bright copper plating and sand copper plating are performed after the pre-copper plating.
Preferably, the number of the polishing is 1 to 5 times.
Preferably, the roughness on the base tape is made smaller than a preset value by polishing.
Preferably, the pre-copper plating comprises: the multilayer structure is wound on a cylinder and plated in a bent state.
Preferably, the diameter of the cylinder is 5-10mm.
According to the superconducting coil joint provided by the invention, the superconducting coil joint is prepared by the preparation method of the superconducting coil joint.
The superconducting coil provided by the invention comprises the superconducting coil joint.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the diameter of the outward turning of the joint can reach 5mm, and the turning diameter is greatly reduced.
2. The joint is positioned at the center of the magnetic field and is most influenced by the Lorentz force, and scratches on two sides obstruct the influence of the Lorentz force on the slitting edge of the strip.
3. The polishing of the base tape allows the current and resistance in the width direction of the tape to be substantially the same as in the length direction.
4. The copper plating adopts a preplating mode, so that the superconducting layer is protected from being influenced.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a superconducting coil joint of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a first scribe and a second scribe according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the slitting process of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the joint of the present invention in an installed state.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will aid those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a preparation method of a superconducting coil joint, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: and obtaining a base band, and polishing the base band so as to remove material marks on the surface of the base band. The polishing mode can be realized by mechanical polishing or by adopting a mode of firstly mechanical polishing and then electrochemical polishing. The number of polishing may be 1 to 5, and in the mechanical polishing, it is also possible to adopt a mode of rough polishing and then finish polishing, the turning direction of the rough polishing wheel is opposite to the advancing direction on the base belt, and the turning direction of the finish polishing wheel is the same as the advancing direction on the base belt.
Step S2: a transition layer, a superconducting layer and a silver layer were sequentially formed on the base tape to obtain a multilayer structure as shown in fig. 1.
If the joint is made in this conventional manner, the bending diameter of the joint will be very limited. Therefore, as shown in fig. 2, the scribing operation is performed in the joint manufacturing process in this embodiment. Specifically, there may be the following various ways:
after the transition layer is formed, two first scratches 1 are scribed on the transition layer along the length direction, a plurality of second scratches 2 are scribed on the transition layer along the width direction, and the superconducting layer and the silver layer are continuously formed on the scribed transition layer.
Alternatively, after the superconducting layer is formed, two first scratches 1 may be scribed in the superconducting layer in the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of second scratches 2 may be scribed in the superconducting layer in the width direction, and the silver layer may be continuously formed on the scribed superconducting layer.
Or after the silver layer is formed, two first scratches 1 are scribed on the silver layer and the superconducting layer along the length direction, a plurality of second scratches 2 are scribed on the silver layer and the superconducting layer along the width direction, and the silver layer is continuously formed on the scribed superconducting layer.
Alternatively, after the transition layer is formed, two first scratches 1 may be scribed on the transition layer in the longitudinal direction, the superconducting layer may be plated on the scribed transition layer, a plurality of second scratches 2 may be scribed on the superconducting layer in the width direction, and the silver layer may be plated on the scribed superconducting layer.
Or after the transition layer is formed, scribing two first scratches 1 on the transition layer along the length direction, plating the superconducting layer and the silver layer on the scribed transition layer, and scribing a plurality of second scratches 2 on the silver layer along the width direction.
Wherein the projection of the second scratch 2 in the thickness direction is located between two first scratches 1. Since the first scratch 1 is located at two ends of the second scratch 2, when the second scratch is scribed, the crack of the second scratch 2 will be cut off at the position of the first scratch 1 and will not be further diffused outwards, and the crack will not be further diffused outwards under the extreme magnetic field test environment.
The presence of a plurality of second scratches 2 may provide the joint with better bending capability. The second scratches 2 have a component in the width and depth direction and may be grooves having a triangular or square shape in cross section, preferably a triangular shape, so that the side where the scratches are located is compressed and bent without a gap.
In the present invention, the scribing may be performed by using laser scribing, and the present invention is not limited thereto. It should be noted that the depth of the first scratch 1 or the second scratch 2 scribed on the transition layer is equal to the thickness of the superconducting layer, the depth of the first scratch 1 or the second scratch 2 scribed on the superconducting layer is equal to the thickness of the superconducting layer, and the depth of the first scratch 1 or the second scratch 2 scribed on the silver layer is equal to the thickness of the silver layer.
And step S3: copper is preplated onto the multilayer structure. The specific copper plating sequence comprises: pre-copper plating, bright copper plating and sand copper plating. The invention adopts a pre-copper plating mode, so that the copper plating speed is higher than the speed of the electroplating solution entering the superconducting layer. Each of the multilayer structures was wound on a cylinder, which had a diameter of 5 to 10mm, and plated in a bent state.
Example 2
On the basis of example 1, since the size of the joint needs to be adapted to the superconducting tapes to be joined, the required width needs to be obtained by slitting. Since the slitting cannot be performed after the joint is manufactured, the present embodiment is a method of slitting integrated on the basis of embodiment 1.
In this embodiment, between step S2 and step S3, the obtained multilayer structure is slit to obtain a baseband with a preset width, and then step S3 is performed. As shown in fig. 3, the slitting position is located outside two first scratches 1, and may be slit outside one of the first scratches 1, or may be slit outside two first scratches 1 at the same time. During dicing, due to the existence of the first scratches 1, cracks generated by dicing are not spread to the inner sides of the two first scratches 1.
As shown in fig. 4, the first superconducting tape 5 and the second superconducting tape 6 to be joined are placed side by side with the superconducting surfaces facing the superconducting surfaces of the superconducting coil joints 4 manufactured in examples 1 and 2, and the superconducting coil joints 4 are joined to the two superconducting tapes, in which case the width of the superconducting coil joints 4 is the same as that of the two superconducting tapes.
The base band of the superconducting tape adopts Hastelloy, the surface of the base band is provided with material marks along the length direction of the base band, and the influence of the material marks along the length direction on current transmission is limited because the conventional superconducting tape is linear. However, in the case of the joint scribed by the second scribe 2 according to the present invention, there is a current transmitted in the width direction, and thus the roughness of the base tape is reduced to be less than a preset value by using the polishing process of embodiment 1.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description has described specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (7)
1. A method for manufacturing a superconducting coil joint, comprising:
step S1: obtaining a base band, and polishing the base band;
step S2: sequentially forming a transition layer, a superconducting layer and a silver layer on the base band to obtain a multilayer structure;
and step S3: cutting the multilayer structure to obtain the required width;
and step S4: pre-plating copper on the multilayer structure;
further comprises a scribing step:
after the superconducting layer is formed, scribing two first scratches on the superconducting layer along the length direction, scribing a plurality of second scratches on the superconducting layer along the width direction, and continuously forming a silver layer on the scribed superconducting layer; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
after forming the silver layer, scribing two first scratches on the silver layer and the superconducting layer along the length direction, scribing a plurality of second scratches on the silver layer and the superconducting layer along the width direction, and continuously forming the silver layer on the scribed superconducting layer; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
after forming the transition layer, scribing two first scratches on the transition layer along the length direction, plating the superconducting layer on the scribed transition layer, scribing a plurality of second scratches on the superconducting layer along the width direction, and plating a silver layer on the scribed superconducting layer;
the projection of the second scratch in the thickness direction is positioned between the projections of the two first scratches in the thickness direction, and the cutting position is positioned on the outer side of the two first scratches;
the depth of the first scratch scribed at the transition layer is equal to the thickness of the superconducting layer, the depth of the first scratch or the second scratch scribed at the superconducting layer is equal to the thickness of the superconducting layer, and the depth of the first scratch or the second scratch scribed at the silver layer is equal to the thickness of the superconducting layer plus the silver layer;
the pre-copper plating comprises the following steps: winding the multilayer structure on a cylinder and electroplating in a bent state;
the diameter of the cylinder is 5-10mm.
2. The method of manufacturing a superconducting coil joint according to claim 1, wherein the scribing uses laser scribing.
3. The method of manufacturing a superconducting coil joint according to claim 1, wherein bright copper plating and sand copper plating are performed after the pre-copper plating.
4. The method of manufacturing a superconducting coil joint according to claim 1, wherein the number of times of polishing is 1 to 5 times.
5. The method of manufacturing a superconducting coil joint according to claim 1, wherein the roughness on the base tape is made smaller than a preset value by polishing.
6. A superconducting coil joint characterized by being produced by the method for producing a superconducting coil joint according to claim 1.
7. A superconducting coil comprising the superconducting coil joint of claim 6.
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