CN114358947A

CN114358947A - Block chain based pricing method and device

Info

Publication number: CN114358947A
Application number: CN202210037399.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王吉元
Original assignee: Alipay Hangzhou Information Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Alipay Hangzhou Information Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-01-13
Filing date: 2022-01-13
Publication date: 2022-04-15

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a block chain-based pricing method and apparatus, on which a first intelligent contract for pricing a first NFT asset is deployed, the method comprising: determining that the first NFT asset is traded on the blockchain; in response to the transaction, invoking a pricing model in the first smart contract to determine a current transaction price for the first NFT asset as a function of historical holders and/or transaction data for the first NFT asset.

Description

Block chain based pricing method and device

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to a pricing method and device based on block chains.

Background

Non-homogeneous tokens (NFTs) are a special type of encrypted asset that circulates over a blockchain. NFT assets differ from mainstream encrypted assets such as bitcoin in that: any one NFT is not replaceable and indivisible. The unique feature of NFT itself makes it possible to represent things that are also unique and scarce, such as the original monna lisa in a museum, or the ownership of a piece of land and a prop inside a certain game.

However, the unique attribute of the NFT asset causes a problem for determining the value of the NFT asset, and limits the application scenarios of the NFT asset, making it difficult to become a universal asset to participate in financial activities.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for pricing NFT assets, which can solve the problem of pricing NFT assets and promote popularization of NFT asset application scenarios.

In a first aspect, a method for block chain based pricing with a first intelligent contract deployed thereon for pricing a first NFT asset is provided, the method comprising: determining that the first NFT asset is traded on the blockchain; in response to the transaction, invoking a pricing model in the first smart contract to determine a current transaction price for the first NFT asset as a function of historical holders and/or transaction data for the first NFT asset.

In a second aspect, a method for mortgage lease based on a blockchain is provided, where a first intelligent contract and a second intelligent contract are deployed on the blockchain, the first intelligent contract is used for pricing a first NFT asset, and the second intelligent contract is used for mortgage lease of the first NFT asset, the method includes: receiving a mortgage request of a holder of the first NFT asset, the mortgage request being used to invoke the second smart contract to mortgage the first NFT asset; invoking a pricing model in the first smart contract with the second smart contract in response to the mortgage request to determine a current transaction price of the first NFT asset as a function of historical holders and/or transaction data of the first NFT asset; publishing, with the second intelligent contract, a current transaction price of the first NFT asset on the blockchain for renting the first NFT asset by users of the blockchain.

In a third aspect, an apparatus for blockchain-based pricing with a first intelligent contract deployed thereon for pricing a first NFT asset is provided, the apparatus comprising: a determining unit to determine that the first NFT asset is traded on the blockchain; a pricing unit, responsive to the transaction, invokes a pricing model in the first smart contract to determine a current transaction price for the first NFT asset as a function of historical holders and/or transaction data for the first NFT asset.

In a fourth aspect, an apparatus for mortgage lease based on a blockchain is provided, the blockchain having a first intelligent contract and a second intelligent contract deployed thereon, the first intelligent contract being used for pricing a first NFT asset, the second intelligent contract being used for mortgage lease of the first NFT asset, the apparatus comprising: a mortgage unit, configured to receive a mortgage request of a holder of the first NFT asset, where the mortgage request is used to invoke the second smart contract to mortgage the first NFT asset; a pricing unit, responding to the mortgage request, utilizing the second intelligent contract to call a pricing model in the first intelligent contract so as to determine the current transaction price of the first NFT asset according to the historical holder and/or transaction data of the first NFT asset; and the issuing unit is used for issuing the current transaction price of the first NFT asset on the block chain by using the second intelligent contract so as to enable users of the block chain to rent the first NFT asset.

In a fifth aspect, there is provided a blockchain-based pricing apparatus comprising a memory having stored therein executable code and a processor configured to execute the executable code to implement the method of the first or second aspect.

A sixth aspect provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon executable code which, when executed, is capable of implementing a method as described in the first or second aspect.

In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer program product comprising executable code which, when executed, is capable of implementing a method as described in the first or second aspect.

According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, by deploying the first intelligent contract for pricing the NFT asset on the blockchain, when the NFT asset is traded, the pricing model in the first intelligent contract is called, and the current trading price of the NFT asset is determined according to the historical holder and/or trading data of the NFT asset. The pricing problem of the NFT assets is solved, and popularization of application scenes of the NFT assets is promoted.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an exemplary diagram of a block chain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a block chain-based pricing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a possible implementation manner of step S320 in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an exemplary diagram of correspondence between holder levels and prices provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a structure of one possible implementation of calculating a current transaction price of an NFT asset provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 is an exemplary diagram for calculating a current transaction price of an NFT asset provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a transaction system for block chain-based mortgage leasing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a block chain-based mortgage leasing method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based pricing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based mortgage rental apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based pricing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments.

Block chain (Blockchain)

The blockchain is a distributed chain storage accounting technology based on cryptography. The block chain technology can organize and maintain a large amount of data in a decentralized or multi-centric mode, has the characteristics of distribution, non-tamper property, traceability, safety, credibility and the like, and is widely applied to multiple fields.

Fig. 1 is an exemplary diagram of a block chain system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to fig. 1, a blockchain 100 is a typical distributed collaboration system. The system includes a plurality of blockchain nodes 110. The plurality of blockchain nodes 110 may collectively maintain an ever-increasing distributed data record. The recorded data can protect the content and the time sequence through a cryptographic technology, so that any party is difficult to tamper, repudiate and counterfeit. Blockchain nodes 110 may be devices with computing capabilities, such as servers, groups of servers, blockchain chips, etc., where the groups of servers may be centralized or distributed. In other implementations, the server may also be a server that provides services for a cloud platform.

In a blockchain, data (e.g., transaction information, transaction execution results, etc.) may be encapsulated in the form of blocks (blocks). The tiles may be linked to each other by a forward reference to form a "chain," i.e., a chain of tiles. In general, the first block in a block chain may be referred to as an "originating block" or an "initial block", the one block in the block chain that precedes the current block as a "previous block", and the one block in the block chain that follows the current block as a "subsequent block".

In general, a tile may include a tile head and a tile body. The block header may contain basic information of the current block to ensure that the current block can correctly enter the block chain. For example, the chunk header may record a chunk hash value of a chunk immediately preceding the current chunk. As another example, the block header may also record the block height of the current block. The block height is called "block height" for short, and is used to identify the position of the block in the block chain. Typically, the starting block has a block height of 0. The block body can be used for recording transaction information. The transaction information may include, for example, information such as transaction amount and transaction data.

Blockchains are generally divided into three types: public chain (Public Blockchain), Private chain (Private Blockchain) and alliance chain (Consortium Blockchain). Furthermore, there may be a combination of the above types, such as private chain + federation chain, federation chain + public chain, and so on. Embodiments provided by the present disclosure can be implemented in a suitable type of blockchain.

Intelligent contract

An intelligent contract is a set of commitments defined in digital form, including agreements on which contract participants can execute the commitments. In other words, a smart contract may be understood as a piece of program deployed on a computer system, and the smart contract may be automatically executed when a trigger condition of the smart contract is satisfied.

The presence of blockchains provides technical support for the implementation of intelligent contracts. The smart contract is written into the block chain in a digital form, and the characteristics of the block chain technology ensure that the whole process of storing, reading and executing the smart contract is transparent, traceable and not easy to modify. On the other hand, a set of state machine system can be constructed by the block chain self-contained consensus algorithm, so that the intelligent contract can run efficiently.

An intelligent contract is essentially a piece of code running on a block link point for completing the business logic assigned by the user. The code can be exposed to the outside in the form of a plurality of functions, so that the block chain account can call different functions according to needs. The user maintains an account private key (a character string which can only be known by the user), all operations of the intelligent contract on the block chain need the private key to sign, the account has absolute control right by holding the private key, and if the private key is lost, the account is lost.

In some implementations, the user can invoke the intelligent contract by submitting a transaction to the blockchain system, set the data recorded in the intelligent contract, and store the set intelligent contract in the blockchain. Accordingly, when a specific condition of the intelligent contract is triggered, the block chain nodes can execute the intelligent contract and record the execution result of the intelligent contract and the execution state of the intelligent contract.

At present, different types of block chains are built according to the own industry structure of each industry and certain fields (such as finance, public welfare, insurance, cross-border payment and the like) in the industry, and valuable information and assets in the industry or industry are recorded on the block chains.

NFT asset

Transaction activities on the blockchain are accomplished in digital currency. Common digital currencies such as Bitcoin (BTC), ether house (ETH), etc., all belong to the homogeneous Token (FT). A homogeneous token is one that is replaceable, has identity, and can approach infinite separation. For example, a BTC in your hand is not different from a BTC in my hand in nature, and is of the same value. As another example, the RMB may be a homogenous token, the same denomination of RMB, although numbered differently, without affecting its value attributes. All RMB with 1 money in face value have the same value attribute of 1 money and are not influenced by other factors.

Whereas Non-homogeneous tokens (NFTs) have two significant features compared to homogeneous tokens. First, the irreplaceability, i.e., each NFT asset (also referred to as NFT) possesses a unique and unique identification, two by two not interchangeable. Therefore, the emergence of NFT compensates for some real life that are of practical value and irreplaceable. Such as a contract, house property, artwork, notary certificate, etc. In other words, you can exchange one bitcoin for one another, since this is equivalent. But you may not have the way to exchange one NFT of your own for another one because this is two things that are completely different. Each NFT is equivalent to being printed with a unique branding, and the branding determines that the value of each NFT is different.

Second, indivisible, i.e., the minimum unit of an NFT asset is 1. For example, a bitcoin can be divided into a plurality of bits after the decimal point, and can be basically regarded as infinitely divisible. However, a picture, a concert ticket, a game prop, an encrypted cat in an archway, etc. cannot be divided, for example, NFT is a game prop, but NFT is a half game prop.

NFT assets provide a method of marking ownership of native digital assets. For example, when you buy an NFT token, this represents you getting ownership records and real asset usage rights that it cannot erase. Your information will also be permanently recorded on the NFT token. As another example, you have purchased a piece of artwork, which can be shown to be duplicated, but only you are the actual owners of it. Thus, ownership of the NFT does not prevent others from viewing or reading it, which captures information and then discovers the relationship and value of that information to all other information on the chain.

The application scenes of the NFT include games, intellectual property, physical assets, and the like. As one example, NFT may be applied in the field of gaming. For example, it may be used as a pet in a game, as a weapon prop, as clothing, and as other items. For example, the NFT technology is used for encrypted cats in the extreme red of 2018, and each cat is specially marked and numbered to become a unique cat.

As another example, NFT may be applied in the field of intellectual property, for example, NFT may represent a picture, a song, a patent, a movie, a photo, or other intellectual property. In this field, NFT functions as a patent office, that is, it helps each unique thing to register copyright and help it identify patents.

As yet another example, NFT may also be applied in the field of logging and identification. For example, NFT may be used to verify aspects of identity and birth certificates, driver's licenses, academic certificates, and the like. These can be securely stored in digital form, preventing misuse or tampering.

Of course, NFT may also be applied in the area of physical assets. Other physical assets such as real estate such as houses can be represented by NFT and made into tokens.

That is to say, the occurrence of NFT can store the information such as the artistic collectibles, contracts, copyrights, patents, etc. which need to be certified in the block chain in the form of NFT, which is convenient for subsequent updating, circulation, transaction, etc. When the owner of the NFT wants to trade the work, the owner of the NFT only needs to present the marking information of the NFT to declare the authenticity of the work and the ownership of the work, and meanwhile, the authentication is digital and traceable, because the ownership of the artistic assets is recorded on the blockchain, the counterfeiting and the fraud of the artwork can be prevented while the validity of the trade is ensured.

However, it is also because of the unique and irreplaceable nature of the NFT that NFT encounters the problem of having a price that is hard to limit when it is transacted. The value of each NFT is different, and how the price of an NFT is determined becomes a difficulty in the process of NFT circulation transaction. Accordingly, it is difficult for NFT to participate in financial activities as a universal asset due to pricing problems. As an example, RMB with a face value of 100 money has a value of 100 money whenever it is, and does not change its value depending on the holder, the number of transactions, or the number. However, the value of a painting (an NFT asset) is affected by many factors, such as the creator, the creation background, the implication of the side painting, etc., which have a great influence on the value of the painting. How to determine the price of a painting if the holder of the painting wants to sell the painting? Price uncertainty may affect the circulation and trading of the picture.

In order to solve the above problem, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a block chain-based NFT asset pricing method and apparatus, where a pricing model of an NFT asset is deployed on an intelligent contract, and the model may determine a current transaction price of the NFT asset according to a historical holder and/or transaction data corresponding to the NFT asset, so as to complete a pricing problem of the NFT asset. Therefore, popularization of the application scene of the NFT assets is promoted, and deep fusion of the NFT assets and the existing financial activities is facilitated. In addition, on the basis of the pricing method, the embodiment of the disclosure further provides a mortgage leasing method and device based on a block chain, and the mortgage leasing method and device are combined with the asset attributes of the NFT to extend the mortgage leasing method and device into a financial leasing scene.

Fig. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring now to FIG. 2, a data structure for an NFT asset is illustrated.

As shown in fig. 2, as an example, an NFT asset 210 may contain five parts, security information 220, history holder 230, history transaction record 240, rating log 250, and tag 260, respectively. Where security information 210 is an element of NFT asset 210, one-to-one with NFT asset 210. That is, an NFT asset corresponds to an encryption algorithm, which may be a method of digital signature, for example. Digital signatures are a cryptographic algorithm that uses a private key to sign information and a public key to verify the information. The non-repudiation of the message is ensured, and a third party cannot impersonate the private key to sign. The integrity of the message is ensured, the digital signature adopts a specific hash function, and the hash values of different texts are different. In this way, the absolute security of NFT assets is guaranteed by the encryption algorithm. After the NFT asset 210 is encrypted, the encrypted information is recorded to form the security information 220, for example, the security information 220 may include information such as an ID of the corresponding asset, an encryption algorithm used, and the like.

History holder 230 is a many-to-one relationship with NFT asset 210 as an input to the NFT asset, i.e., an NFT asset may contain multiple history holders. Every time the NFT asset completes a transaction, information of both transaction parties, which may be holders of the NFT asset, is permanently recorded on the NFT asset.

As an example, user a sells an NFT owned by user a to user B, where user a is a history holder of the NFT and relevant information of user a is recorded on the NFT. User B is the current holder of the NFT and its information is also recorded on the NFT. Similarly, when user B resells the NFT to user C, user B becomes a historical holder of the NFT, user C becomes the current holder of the NFT, and the information of user C is also recorded on the NFT. Thus, each NFT has recorded thereon all historical holder (user a, user B, user C) information transacted through the NFT, which may include name information, credential information, etc. of the historical holder. Historical bearer information recorded on the NFT asset also represents the authenticity and irreplaceability of the NFT asset.

At the same time, the history holder's 230 information recorded on NFT asset 210 can reflect the value of NFT asset 210. As an example, the higher the reputation or value of the history holder, the higher the value of what it has held. For example, NFT is a conference table in an office if the table is a gift entrusted by victoria queen to the then american president and then the table is used by each president in the white house. As an NFT, the table owner, victoria queen and formerly the american president, both as historical holders of the table, permanently imprints information on the table. The value of the table and the value of the common table are not in the same day.

As another example, NFT is a piece of ball cover, which originally costs $ 100. But if the garment is departed from and has a departmental signature of departmental value, its value is far in excess of $ 100 and is difficult to measure. In this case, the value possessed by the article of clothing is not only its original value but also the value that the bearer has assigned to it. If it is said that bitcoin represents a currency form like a hundred dollar large note, it is clear that NFT represents a unique, non-divisible asset. Such assets can be considered by the value of their holders.

It follows that the history holder is an important consideration for the value of an NFT asset, and it is reasonable to estimate the value of the NFT asset from its value. In other words, the historical holder of the NFT asset can act as an evaluation factor (which can be referred to as evaluation factor a) of the NFT value.

Historical transaction record 240, which is another input to NFT asset 210, is also a many-to-one relationship with NFT asset 210, i.e., one NFT asset may contain multiple historical transaction records. Each time the NFT completes a transaction, information about the transaction is recorded on the NFT asset. For example, the transaction information may include buyer and seller accounts, time stamps, bargaining prices, and the like.

Referring to fig. 2, the closing price for the NFT asset transaction is included in the historical transaction record 240. The closing price of each transaction of the NFT asset 210 is the value of the NFT, and all closing prices constitute its historical transaction price, which is clearly what can be evaluated for the value of the NFT.

As an example, a play object may have been paid at a price of 100, 120, 90 in 3 trades, respectively, and the value of the play object is substantially around 100 (taking the median of the three trades prices 90, 100, 120). The price 100 may obviously serve as a reference value for the price of the play object at the time of the next transaction.

However, the transaction price is influenced by many factors, so that the transaction price may fluctuate greatly at different stages, thereby exhibiting a dynamic change. For example, a play item as described above may be significantly priced if it is permanently off-set by the play system such that the play item becomes a rare play item. This fluctuating price needs to be taken into account when considering the price of the play item.

In summary, regardless of fluctuation of the transaction price of the NFT asset, it is a relatively direct and reasonable reference value for evaluating the value of the NFT asset. Thus, the historical trading price may also serve as an evaluation factor for the NFT asset (which may be referred to as evaluation factor B).

Ratings log 250 and tags 260 may be output results of NFT asset 210. Ratings log 250 may be an evaluation of the characteristics of NFT asset 210 itself, which can embody the relevant attributes of the NFT. For example, if an NFT asset is of high value, then its rank is high, reflecting the attribute that the NFT asset is "precious" in value. For another example, if the NFT asset trades a large number of times, the NFT asset is ranked higher, which in turn reflects the "hot-sell" attribute of the NFT asset. In other words, the rating of the NFT asset may assist the NFT in tag management, where "precious" and "hot-sell" may both be tags of the NFT asset. In addition, the tag 260 may also embody some inherent attributes of the NFT asset, for example, the tag of the NFT asset may be "clothing", "props", "cartoons", etc. It can also be seen that there is a one-to-many relationship between NFT asset 210 and both ratings log 250 and tags 260.

As can be seen from fig. 2 and the foregoing analysis, the value of the NFT asset 210 is closely related to its corresponding history holder 230 and history transaction record 240. That is, the history holder 230 and the history transaction record 240 may serve as evaluation factors for the value of the NFT asset 210, such as evaluation factor a and evaluation factor B.

Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a block chain based pricing method according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The method for pricing NFT assets in the embodiments of the present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to fig. 3.

As mentioned above, an intelligent contract is a piece of code running on a block chain node, and is exposed to the outside through a function form, and an account on the block chain can call different functions according to needs. In this embodiment, the pricing model of the NFT asset may be, for example, a function on block link points, i.e., an intelligent contract. When an NFT asset transaction occurs with an account on the blockchain, the smart contract is invoked to complete the calculation of the NFT asset price. Meanwhile, the pricing model of the NFT asset is a dynamic evaluation model, and as long as the information such as the holder of the NFT asset and/or the transaction price changes, the pricing model on the intelligent contract is called to update the price of the NFT asset, so that the real-time performance and the accuracy of the price of the NFT asset are ensured.

At step S310, it is determined that a first NFT asset is traded on a blockchain.

The first NFT asset may be understood as the asset identified by the first NFT. For example, the first NFT asset may be any NFT asset mentioned in this disclosure, such as a collection, a game item, and the like.

When a user on the blockchain performs NFT asset transaction, for example, the transaction may occur on a transaction platform, the transaction platform may be deployed on a blockchain node, a transaction request may be sent to the transaction platform when the transaction occurs, and the transaction platform may respond to the transaction request after determining the transaction request.

In response to the transaction, a pricing model in the first smart contract is invoked to determine a current transaction price for the first NFT asset based on historical holders of the first NFT asset and/or transaction data, step S320.

The first intelligent contract is deployed on a blockchain node, and the first intelligent contract has a pricing model of the NFT asset, which may be implemented by a function, for example. When the trading platform determines that the NFT assets are to be traded, a request is sent to the first intelligent contract and calls a pricing model on the intelligent contract to price the traded NFT assets.

After receiving the request, the first intelligent contract obtains the related information of the NFT asset, such as the historical holder and/or transaction data of the NFT asset, from the blockchain, and calculates the current transaction price of the NFT asset according to the related information. From the foregoing analysis, historical holder and transaction data corresponding to NFT assets can be used to evaluate the value of the NFT.

As one example, the current transaction price for the NFT asset may be determined based on the historical bearer's value data and the historical transaction price. Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating one possible implementation manner of step S320 in fig. 3. The calculation of the current transaction price for the NFT asset is illustrated in greater detail below in conjunction with fig. 4.

Step S321, determining a first transaction price for the first NFT asset according to the value data of the history holder.

The value data of the history holder quantifies the influence of the history holder on the value of the NFT asset, and the transaction price of the history holder is conveniently evaluated. As an embodiment, the value data of the history holder is the grade of the history holder, and the first transaction price can be determined according to the grade of the history holder and the corresponding relation between the grade of the history holder and the price established in advance. For example, the first transaction price may be a price interval, or a median or average of the price interval.

The NFT asset holder rating may characterize the value data corresponding to the holder. Fig. 5 is an exemplary diagram of correspondence between holder levels and prices provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the correspondence may be established in advance and stored on the block chain. All holders of each NFT asset are divided into a specific Level, such as 8 levels shown in fig. 5, Level 1 to Level 8, each Level corresponding to a corresponding price interval. Thus, a price interval for the NFT asset can be obtained based on the bearer's rating. Obviously, it is reasonable that the higher the rank of the NFT asset holder is, the higher the price of the NFT asset will be, and the greater probability that the high-value user holds the asset is high-value, for example, the price interval corresponding to Level 1 is smaller than the price interval corresponding to Level 8. As an example, if a certain NFT asset experiences 20 holders in total, the 20 holders are respectively ranked, wherein 2 holders are divided into

Level

1, 3 holders are divided into Level4, 8 holders are divided into

Level

5, 4 holders are divided into

Level

7, and 3 holders are divided into Level 8. The Level of the holder can be the median or average of all the holder levels, and then the 20 holder levels can be the median of the 5 levels, namely Level 5 (the median of Level 1, Level4, Level 5, Level 7 and Level 8 is Level 5). As can be seen from the corresponding relationship between the bearer Level and the price in fig. 5, the price interval corresponding to the Level 5 is [10001, 20000], that is, the first transaction price of the NFT asset may be [10001, 20000], for example, may be a median of [10001, 20000], such as 15000.

When a NFT asset is traded, the NFT asset pricing model on the first smart contract calls a holder rank-price mapping shown in fig. 5, for example, to perform rank division according to the historical holder of the NFT asset, so as to obtain a price interval of the NFT asset, that is, obtain a first trading price of the NFT asset. That is, the first transaction price for the NFT asset is determined from the historical holder's value data.

As an example, the holder rating in fig. 5 may be derived by holder weight. For example, the weight value corresponding to the holder can be calculated according to the weight influence factor of the holder; a rank of the holder is then determined based on the holder weight value, thereby determining a first transaction price for the NFT asset.

Specifically, the weight influence factor of the holder is not specifically limited in this embodiment, and may be, for example, the transaction amount, the transaction frequency, and the transaction amount of the holder on the chain. But also the reputation rating of the bearer in life under the chain, etc. Wherein, the larger the transaction amount, the higher the transaction data, the higher the transaction amount and the higher the reputation degree, the higher the corresponding holder weight is. The higher the weight of the bearer, the higher the corresponding rating.

As an example, table 1 gives an example of correspondence with respect to holder weight, holder rank and price interval. Taking table 1 as an example, if the weight value of the holder a of a certain NFT asset is 12, referring to table 1, the holder weight interval corresponding to the weight value of the holder is (10, 15], the corresponding holder Level is Level 3, and if the weight value of the holder B is 25, the holder weight interval corresponding to the weight value of the holder is (20, 25), the corresponding holder Level is Level 5.

Obviously, in the case of an NFT asset with only one holder, the first transaction price for the NFT asset can be derived directly from the holder rank corresponding to the holder weight. When the NFT asset has multiple holders, for example, the weight of each holder may be calculated, and then the respective corresponding rank is obtained, and then the rank of the holder of the NFT asset is obtained by the median or average of all the holder ranks, and further the first transaction price of the NFT asset is obtained. In the above example, the weights of two holders a and B of the NFT asset respectively obtain a holder Level of 3 and a holder Level of 5, and the average value of the two holder levels, i.e. Level4, is taken, so that the holder Level of the NFT asset is Level4, and the price interval corresponding to Level4 is [5001, 10000], that is, the first transaction price of the NFT asset is [5001, 10000 ].

TABLE 1

Bearer weight	Bearer rating	Price interval
			[0，5]	Level 1	[1，1000]
(5，10]	Level 2	[1001，3000]
			(10，15]	Level 3	[3001，5000]
(15，20]	Level 4	[5001，10000]
			(20，25]	Level 5	[10001，20000]
(25，30]	Level 6	[20001，40000]
			(30，35]	Level 7	[40001，60000]
(35，40]	Level 8	[60001，100000]

Step S322 determines a current transaction price for the first NFT asset based on the first transaction price and the historical transaction price.

Specifically, the first transaction price determined by the value data of the history holder can be used as a reference price of the NFT asset, and the current transaction price can be obtained more accurately by updating the NFT asset with the history transaction price. As an example, the historical trading price may be all trading prices of the NFT asset, or may be trading prices of the NFT asset within a preset time range, such as 5 years, 10 years. The current transaction price may be an average of the first transaction price and the historical transaction price.

The transaction data is data which dynamically changes along with market changes, and the historical transaction price can be regarded as a long-term transaction condition of the NFT asset, namely, the long-term price of the NFT asset which is relatively stable can be understood. Since the trading price of an NFT asset is affected by market factors and may fluctuate significantly before trading, the latest trading price may represent the fluctuation of the NFT asset in such a short term, i.e., the latest market value of the NFT. Therefore, in order to make the current trading price of the NFT asset more accurate, in addition to considering the historical trading price that is stable over time, it is necessary to take into account the latest trading price that has fluctuations. As an example, a second transaction price may be determined based on a historical transaction price of the NFT asset, and then a current price of the NFT asset may be determined based on a latest transaction price of the NFT asset and the second transaction price.

Specifically, the latest transaction price may be the latest transaction price, or may be the latest two or more transaction prices, and if the latest transaction price is the latest transaction price, the latest transaction price may be a median or average of the transaction prices of the plurality of transactions. For example, the second trading price may be a median or average of the historical trading prices. The current trading price may also be an average of the historical trading price and the second trading price.

As an example, assume a picture trades five times in three years and meets at trade prices of 60, 110, 120, 90, 130, respectively. Then, the second transaction price of this drawing may be (60+110+120+90+130)/5 ═ 102 (average of the historical transaction prices), or 110 (median of the historical transaction prices), for example. If the author of the subpicture recently acquired a large prize, the price of the subpicture will also rise, for example, the latest deal price of the subpicture will reach 300. Then the historical trading price 102 (i.e., the second trading price) does not accurately evaluate the current value of the picture and needs to be determined in conjunction with the latest trading price. For example, the current trade price for the drawing may be (102+300)/2 ═ 201 (taking the average of the second trade price and the latest trade price). Obviously, combining the historical transaction price with the latest transaction price can make the calculated current transaction price of the NFT asset more reasonable.

As another example, the second transaction price for the NFT asset may also be determined from historical holder value data and historical transaction prices. That is, the second transaction price is determined according to the first transaction price and the historical transaction data, and then the second transaction price is compensated and calculated according to the latest transaction price (the latest transaction price can also be called a compensation factor, such as the compensation factor C), so that the current transaction price of the NFT asset is obtained, and the accuracy and the real-time performance of the NFT asset evaluation can be maintained to the maximum extent.

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a structure of one possible implementation of calculating a current transaction price of an NFT asset provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Taking the calculation model of the current transaction price of the NFT asset shown in fig. 6 as an example, first, the historical holder level of the NFT asset is input to obtain a first transaction price; inputting the historical trading price so as to update the obtained first trading price and obtain a second trading price; and finally, inputting the latest transaction price to perform compensation calculation on the obtained second transaction price to obtain an estimate (namely the current transaction price) corresponding to the NFT asset.

Fig. 7 is an exemplary diagram for calculating the current transaction price of the NFT asset according to an embodiment of the disclosure, and the calculation process of the current transaction price of the NFT-1 in fig. 7 is exemplified below with reference to the calculation model in fig. 6. Input information for NFT-1 may include NFT-1 holder rating (evaluation factor A), historical transaction price (evaluation factor B), latest transaction price (compensation factor C).

Specifically, assuming that NFT-1 historical holder Level is obtained as 5 levels according to the holder weight, that is, the historical holder Level is input as 5 levels (Level 5), as can be obtained by referring to the correspondence diagram between the holder Level and the price in fig. 5, the price interval corresponding to the Level 5 is [10001, 20000], the first transaction price of NFT-1 may be 15000 (taking a median of [10001, 20000 ]); then, the historical trading price 12000 (the median or average of the historical trading prices) of the NFT-1 is input, and the second trading price of the NFT-1 is obtained as (15000+12000)/2 as 13500 by combining the first trading price obtained in the previous step; finally, the latest transaction price 14000 of NFT-1 is input, and the compensation calculation is performed on the second transaction price obtained in the previous step, so that the current transaction price of NFT-1 can be (13500+14000)/2 ═ 13750.

The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a mortgage leasing method based on the block chain. Fig. 8 is a diagram of an exemplary architecture of a transaction system for block chain-based mortgage leasing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The following describes a block chain-based mortgage leasing process in conjunction with fig. 8.

The two parties to the transaction involved in the mortgage lease process of the NFT asset may include the NFT holder and the NFT leaser, and the mortgage lease process occurs on smart contracts deployed on the blockchain. The process of mortgage lease is the transfer of usage rights for the NFT asset, and does not represent the transfer of ownership of the NFT asset.

The mortgage rental structure model shown in fig. 8 can include NFT holders 810, NFT renters 820, and blockchains 830. NFT holder 810 is the current holder of NFT assets, the party who wants to earn through the held NFT assets; NFT renter 820 is the party interested in the NFT asset and who wants to rent the NFT asset; an intelligent contract is deployed on blockchain 830 to complete the mortgage lease process. The process for the mortgage lease is described as follows:

s811, the NFT holder 810 mortgage the held NFT assets on smart contracts deployed on blockchains and used to conduct mortgage lease processes. For example, the smart contract is similar to the functionality of a bank. The NFT holder 810 mortises the held asset at a bank, and the bank, upon receiving the mortgage request, publishes information about the NFT asset on the blockchain, which may include the current transaction price of the NFT asset.

S821, after seeing the lease information of the NFT asset from the blockchain, the NFT leaser 820 determines whether it needs to lease the NFT asset. For example, NFT renter 820, if interested in the NFT asset, can send a rental request to the bank to rent the NFT asset.

S822, the NFT renter 820 needs to pay a rent periodically according to the price information published on the block chain in the process of renting the NFT asset. For example, NFT renter 820 sends a rent to a bank.

At S812, NFT holder 810 obtains mortgage revenue. For example, a bank returns a lease sent by NFT renter 820 to NFT holder 810.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a flowchart of a mortgage leasing method based on a block chain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and the flowchart shown in fig. 9 is described in detail below with reference to an implementation scenario of fig. 8.

A first intelligent contract and a second intelligent contract are deployed on blockchain 830. The first intelligent contract is deployed with a pricing model of the NFT assets and used for pricing the NFT assets; and a mortgage lease model is deployed on the second intelligent contract and used for completing the mortgage lease process of the NFT assets. The mortgage rental process may be performed by a trading platform, which may be, for example, an Application (APP) for mortgage rental.

Step S910, a mortgage request of a holder of the first NFT asset is received, where the mortgage request is used to invoke a second intelligent contract to mortgage the first NFT asset.

For example, after receiving the mortgage request from the NFT holder 810, the transaction platform invokes the mortgage lease model in the second smart contract to mortgage the NFT assets.

Step S920, in response to the mortgage request, the second intelligent contract invokes a pricing model in the first intelligent contract to determine a current transaction price of the first NFT asset according to the historical holders and/or transaction data of the first NFT asset.

Specifically, after confirming the transaction, the second intelligent contract first evaluates the NFT asset value to successfully complete the transaction. Because the first intelligent contract is provided with the pricing model of the NFT, after the second intelligent contract reconfirms the transaction, only the first intelligent contract needs to be called to complete the estimation of the current price of the NFT assets needing to be mortgage. For example, price calculations may be accomplished by the pricing model shown in FIG. 6. After the first intelligent contract completes pricing the NFT asset, the calculated price is sent to the second intelligent contract. Details regarding pricing of NFT assets are described above and will not be repeated herein.

Step S930, the current trading price of the first NFT asset is published on the blockchain using the second intelligent contract for users of the blockchain to lease the first NFT asset.

After the second intelligent contract obtains the price of the NFT asset from the first intelligent contract, the second intelligent contract publishes the price information on the blockchain, that is, on the node of the blockchain, so that the users on the blockchain can see the price information for interested users of the blockchain to rent.

As one embodiment, a transaction platform receives a lease request of a blockchain user, which may invoke a second smart contract to lease a first NFT asset. When the blockchain user is interested in the mortgage rented NFT asset and needs to rent, for example, a renting request is sent to the trading platform, and after receiving the renting request, the trading platform invokes a second intelligent contract to rent the NFT asset to the NFT renter 820.

After the NFT renter 820 rents the NFT asset, a certain rent needs to be paid to the NFT holder 810. For example, the transaction platform invokes a second intelligent contract to obtain a rent for the first NFT asset from the account of the NFT renter 820 and sends the rent to the account of the NFT holder 810, completing the process of mortgage rental of the NFT asset.

An embodiment of the block chain based pricing method provided by the present disclosure is described in detail above with reference to fig. 2 to 9, and an embodiment of the apparatus provided by the present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to fig. 10 to 12. It is to be understood that the description of the method embodiments corresponds to the description of the apparatus embodiments and therefore reference may be made to the preceding method embodiments for parts not described in detail.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based pricing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The pricing apparatus 1000 shown in fig. 10 may include a determining unit 1010 and a pricing unit 1020.

A determining unit 1010 configured to determine that a first NFT asset is traded on a blockchain.

A pricing unit 1020, responsive to the transaction, invokes a pricing model in the first smart contract to determine a current transaction price for the first NFT asset based on historical holders and/or transaction data for the first NFT asset.

Optionally, the pricing unit 1020 further includes a first pricing unit, and the first pricing unit is configured to determine a first transaction price of the first NFT asset according to the value data of the historical holder; the pricing unit 1020 is further configured to determine a current transaction price for the first NFT asset based on the first transaction price and the historical transaction price for the first NFT asset.

Optionally, the pricing unit 1020 further includes a second pricing unit for determining a second transaction price of the first NFT asset according to the historical transaction price of the first NFT asset; the pricing unit 1020 is further configured to determine a current transaction price for the first NFT asset based on the latest transaction price and the second transaction price for the first NFT asset.

Optionally, the first pricing unit is further configured to determine a first transaction price for the first NFT asset based on the value data of the historical bearer; the second pricing unit is further configured to determine a second transaction price based on the first transaction price and the historical transaction price.

Optionally, the first pricing unit is further configured to determine the first transaction price according to the level of the historical holder and a pre-established correspondence between the level of the holder and the price.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based mortgage rental apparatus according to an embodiment of the disclosure, and the mortgage rental apparatus 1100 shown in fig. 11 may include a mortgage unit 1110, a pricing unit 1120, and a publishing unit 1130.

The mortgage unit 1110 is configured to receive a mortgage request of a holder of the first NFT asset, where the mortgage request is used to invoke the second smart contract to mortgage the first NFT asset.

A pricing unit 1120, in response to the mortgage request, invokes a pricing model in the first smart contract with the second smart contract to determine a current transaction price for the first NFT asset based on historical holders of the first NFT asset and/or transaction data.

A publishing unit 1130, configured to publish the current trade price of the first NFT asset on the blockchain using the second smart contract for users of the blockchain to lease the first NFT asset.

Optionally, the lease apparatus 1100 further includes a lease unit configured to receive a lease request of a user of the blockchain, the lease request being used to invoke the second intelligent contract to lease the first NFT asset; and the rent unit is used for responding to the lease request, calling the second intelligent contract to acquire the rent of the first NFT asset from the account of the user and sending the rent to the account of the holder of the first NFT asset.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based pricing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The apparatus 1200 shown in fig. 12 may be a server, a user terminal, or a portable device. The apparatus 1200 may include a memory 1210 and a processor 1220. Memory 1210 may be used to store executable code. The processor 1220 may be used to execute executable code stored in the memory 1210 to implement the steps in the various methods described previously. In some embodiments, the apparatus 1200 may further include a network interface 1230, and data exchange between the processor 1220 and external devices may be implemented through the network interface 1230.

In the above embodiments, all or part of the implementation may be realized by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. The procedures or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the disclosure are, in whole or in part, generated when the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored on a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that incorporates one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., Digital Video Disk (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

In the several embodiments provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.

The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present disclosure, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based pricing method, on which a first intelligent contract for pricing a first NFT asset is deployed,

the method comprises the following steps:

determining that the first NFT asset is traded on the blockchain;

in response to the transaction, invoking a pricing model in the first smart contract to determine a current transaction price for the first NFT asset as a function of historical holders and/or transaction data for the first NFT asset.

2. The method of claim 1, the determining a current transaction price for the first NFT asset from historical holders and/or transaction data for the first NFT asset, comprising:

determining a first transaction price for the first NFT asset based on the value data of the historical bearer;

determining a current transaction price of the first NFT asset as a function of the first transaction price and a historical transaction price of the first NFT asset.

3. The method of claim 1, the determining a current transaction price for the first NFT asset from historical holders and/or transaction data for the first NFT asset, comprising:

determining a second transaction price for the first NFT asset based on the historical transaction price for the first NFT asset;

determining a current transaction price of the first NFT asset based on the latest transaction price and the second transaction price of the first NFT asset.

4. The method of claim 3, the determining a second transaction price for the first NFT asset as a function of a historical transaction price for the first NFT asset, comprising:

determining the second transaction price according to the first transaction price and the historical transaction price.

5. The method of claim 2 or 4, the value data of the history holder being a rating of the history holder,

said determining a first transaction price for said first NFT asset from said historical bearer's value data, comprising:

and determining the first transaction price according to the grade of the historical holder and the pre-established corresponding relation between the grade of the holder and the price.

6. A mortgage lease method based on a block chain, wherein a first intelligent contract and a second intelligent contract are deployed on the block chain, the first intelligent contract is used for pricing a first NFT asset, the second intelligent contract is used for mortgage lease on the first NFT asset,

the method comprises the following steps:

receiving a mortgage request of a holder of the first NFT asset, the mortgage request being used to invoke the second smart contract to mortgage the first NFT asset;

invoking a pricing model in the first smart contract with the second smart contract in response to the mortgage request to determine a current transaction price of the first NFT asset as a function of historical holders and/or transaction data of the first NFT asset;

publishing, with the second intelligent contract, a current transaction price of the first NFT asset on the blockchain for renting the first NFT asset by users of the blockchain.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

receiving a lease request of a user of the blockchain, the lease request being used to invoke the second smart contract to lease the first NFT asset;

in response to the lease request, invoking the second smart contract to obtain a lease fee for the first NFT asset from the user's account and send the lease fee to the account of the holder of the first NFT asset.

8. A blockchain-based pricing apparatus having a first intelligent contract deployed thereon for pricing a first NFT asset,

the device comprises:

a determining unit to determine that the first NFT asset is traded on the blockchain;

a pricing unit, responsive to the transaction, invokes a pricing model in the first smart contract to determine a current transaction price for the first NFT asset as a function of historical holders and/or transaction data for the first NFT asset.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, the pricing unit further comprising:

a first pricing unit, configured to determine a first transaction price of the first NFT asset according to the value data of the history holder;

the pricing unit is further configured to determine a current transaction price of the first NFT asset based on the first transaction price and a historical transaction price of the first NFT asset.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, the pricing unit further comprising:

a second pricing unit, configured to determine a second transaction price of the first NFT asset according to a historical transaction price of the first NFT asset;

the pricing unit is further configured to determine a current transaction price of the first NFT asset based on the latest transaction price and the second transaction price of the first NFT asset.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, comprising:

the first pricing unit is further used for determining a first transaction price of the first NFT asset according to value data of the historical holder;

the second pricing unit is further configured to determine the second transaction price based on the first transaction price and the historical transaction price.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 or 11, the value data of the history holder being a rating of the history holder,

the first pricing unit is further used for determining the first transaction price according to the grade of the historical holder and a pre-established corresponding relation between the grade of the holder and the price.

13. A mortgage lease apparatus based on a blockchain, a first intelligent contract and a second intelligent contract are deployed on the blockchain, the first intelligent contract is used for pricing a first NFT asset, the second intelligent contract is used for mortgage lease on the first NFT asset,

the device comprises:

a mortgage unit, configured to receive a mortgage request of a holder of the first NFT asset, where the mortgage request is used to invoke the second smart contract to mortgage the first NFT asset;

a pricing unit, responding to the mortgage request, utilizing the second intelligent contract to call a pricing model in the first intelligent contract so as to determine the current transaction price of the first NFT asset according to the historical holder and/or transaction data of the first NFT asset;

and the issuing unit is used for issuing the current transaction price of the first NFT asset on the block chain by using the second intelligent contract so as to enable users of the block chain to rent the first NFT asset.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

a lease unit, configured to receive a lease request of a user of the block chain, where the lease request is used to invoke the second smart contract to lease the first NFT asset;

and the rent unit is used for responding to the lease request, calling the second intelligent contract to acquire the rent of the first NFT asset from the account of the user and sending the rent to the account of the holder of the first NFT asset.

15. A blockchain-based pricing apparatus comprising a memory having executable code stored therein and a processor configured to execute the executable code to implement the method of any of claims 1-7.