CN114357895B - State machine-based volume adaptive flood simulation method for river and lake flood diversion and accumulation areas - Google Patents

State machine-based volume adaptive flood simulation method for river and lake flood diversion and accumulation areas Download PDF

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CN114357895B
CN114357895B CN202210267782.XA CN202210267782A CN114357895B CN 114357895 B CN114357895 B CN 114357895B CN 202210267782 A CN202210267782 A CN 202210267782A CN 114357895 B CN114357895 B CN 114357895B
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lake
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river
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官学文
冯宝飞
陈瑜彬
许银山
张涛
李玉荣
牛文静
张晶
张潇
严方家
田逸飞
杨雁飞
邢雯慧
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Abstract

The invention provides a self-adaptive flood simulation method for volume of a river and lake sub-flood-storage area based on a state machine, which comprises the steps of constructing the state machine of the sub-flood-storage area to form a state transition diagram of a river-lake-sub flood-storage system; constructing a lake-entering flood calculation scheme to realize simulation prediction of water inflow of the great lake; constructing a great lake calculation model to realize river-lake system flood calculation; according to the hydraulic connection of rivers, lakes and sub-accumulation flood areas, a real-time flood simulation scheduling model with a sub-accumulation flood area state machine, a lake-entering flood calculation scheme and a great lake calculation model coupled is constructed by self-adapting different sub-accumulation flood area state change system inflow or system volume curves, and the river-lake-sub-accumulation flood area flood combined scheduling calculation is realized; and (3) determining an optimization target, determining a theoretically optimal branch accumulation flood area starting combination by adopting an optimization algorithm such as a simplex method or a genetic algorithm and the like and combining a joint dispatching and joint calculation model, and realizing real-time dispatching scheme recommendation.

Description

State machine-based volume adaptive flood simulation method for river and lake flood diversion and accumulation areas
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of watershed hydrological simulation, in particular to a method for simulating volume self-adaptive flood of a river and lake flood accumulation region based on a state machine.
Background
The sub flood-storage area is an important component of a river flood control system. In recent years, in order to effectively defend watershed flood, China largely newly builds a flood-divided region in the main river watershed and plays an important role in guaranteeing the flood control safety of the watershed and the region. However, the construction and the use of the sub-flood areas obviously change the situation and the production convergence rule of natural river channels in the drainage basin, and bring great changes and challenges to the drainage basin flood simulation. Therefore, the method reasonably adopts a new technology and a new method to improve the simulation precision and efficiency of the river flood brought into the sub flood storage area, and has important significance for exerting the comprehensive utilization benefit of the sub flood storage area to a greater extent and reducing the social and economic losses.
At present, most of conventional flood zone division and accumulation flood simulation methods adopt a hydraulic model based on an MIKE platform, and a water level and flow process of an outlet section is obtained by solving a complete Saint-Venn equation set. The calculation method has a definite physical basis, can completely simulate the evolution process of flood in a river channel and a flood diversion and accumulation area, but also has some problems, and is mainly reflected in that: the method needs more basic data, including detailed large-section measurement data of the riverway and the flood-accumulating areas along the way, upstream and downstream water level and flow boundary data and the like. Secondly, the operation is complex, and related river networks and sub-accumulation flood areas need to be carefully generalized according to actual conditions. And thirdly, the requirement on the configuration of a related computer is high, the calculation speed is low, and for a complex flood diversion and accumulation area, a one-dimensional two-dimensional hydraulic coupling model is often adopted, so that the calculation amount is large. The above problems limit the river flood simulation in the flood diversion and accumulation area to a certain extent, and especially the measurement of large-section data consumes much labor, material resources and financial resources, so a fast simulation method with higher precision and less required data is needed urgently.
The state machine is a discrete mathematical model for studying the calculation of a limited number of states and the transition and action among the states, can perform state transition according to a preset state according to a control signal, is a control center for coordinating the action of related signals and completing specific operations, and is widely used for various types of modeling. With the increasing popularity of the concept and method of state machines, it will become possible to use state machines for flood simulation and hydrologic forecasting. The state machine is combined with the hydrology method, so that the volume self-adaption of the river-lake-separated flood area is hopefully realized, and the flood evolution process is quickly simulated under the condition of lacking of section data. Therefore, flood simulation in conjunction with the concept and method of state machines is essential.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a state machine-based adaptive volume flood simulation method for a river and lake flood dividing and accumulating area, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and providing faster and more accurate hydrological information support for dispatching of the flood dividing and accumulating area and defense of flood and drought disasters.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a state machine-based volume adaptive flood simulation method for a river and lake flood diversion and accumulation area, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, constructing a flood distribution and accumulation area state machine: according to the planning of flood distribution and accumulation areas of a flood control area, starting a time sequence and an application state, and constructing a state transition diagram of the flood distribution and accumulation areas on the basis of a graph theory and a finite state machine to form a flood distribution and accumulation area state machine;
s2, constructing a great lake calculation model: regarding a river and lake communication area as a great lake system, and constructing a great lake calculation model according to a lake area water level volume curve, an outflow section outflow curve and an inflow section inflow process based on a water quantity balance principle;
s3, constructing a lake-entering flood calculation model: constructing a lake-entering flood calculation scheme of each inflow section of the lake system by adopting a Masson Jinggen algorithm;
s4, according to the water quantity balance principle, the flood distribution and accumulation region state machine is constructed, the real-time flood simulation scheduling model which is coupled with the great lake calculation model and the lake entering flood calculation model is constructed, and the flood simulation calculation of the river and lake distribution and accumulation region is realized.
Further, in S4, the coupling method includes:
s41, when the next flood reaches the flood diversion standard, calculating the influence quantity of each started flood diversion area on the inflow section flood process of the great lake system and the influence quantity of each started flood diversion area on the groove storage curve of the great lake system through the flood diversion area state machine and the lake entering flood calculation scheme, dynamically correcting the flood process of the lake entering section of the great lake system in real time and automatically adjusting the groove storage curve, and realizing the calculation of the flood water level process of the outlet section of the great lake system through the great lake calculation model;
s42, determining the optimal flood distributing and accumulating area starting combination and the flood level process of the outlet section of the large lake system by using simplex formation or genetic algorithm with the optimization targets of minimum starting volume or quantity of the flood distributing and accumulating areas of the large lake system, minimum disaster loss and shortest time of exceeding guaranteed water level.
Further: in the S1, the flood allocation and accumulation region state machine is constructed, and the specific steps are as follows:
for n sub-flood areas in the great lake system, arranging the following according to a flood control plan according to a starting sequence:
Figure 304608DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 487327DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
a single sub flood storage area;
for the flood sub-accumulation region of the whole large lake system, constructing a state machine set C as follows:
Figure 798223DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
wherein M is a single sub-flood area state machine model;
the single sub flood area state machine model M consists of five elements:
Figure 209744DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 555274DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
is a finite state set, each element in the state set corresponds to a state of the finite state machine;
Figure 643316DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is a set of events;
Figure 175929DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is composed of
Figure 905987DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
A state transition function, representing a transition from one state to another;
Figure 840445DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is an initial state set of a finite state machine;
Figure 844261DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is a final state set;
for each sub-flood area, the flood area consists of the following parts:
Figure 129749DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Q1indicating no activation, i.e. no flood diversion;
Q2representing the early stage of starting, namely the water level of the river channel is higher than the water level of the flood diversion area;
Q3representing the starting later stage, namely the riverway water level is equal to the flood diversion area water level;
and sigma is an event set, and consists of the following parts for each sub-flood area:
Figure 132340DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
T1indicating opening, namely opening the gate;
T2indicating the gate is closed, namely backfilling;
T3indicating a flood.
Further, the state transition process of the single sub-flood area is as follows:
state Q1The flood-divided areas are not started, and when an event T occurs1When the gate is opened, the state is converted to a state Q according to the opening degree of the gate1Or state Q3；
Conversion to state Q2Time of day flow reduction
Figure 921305DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The storage capacity of the groove is not changed;
conversion to state Q3The time inlet flow is not changed, and the groove storage capacity is increased
Figure 882307DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
：
Figure 389512DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
State Q2The sub flood-accumulating area is started earlier, when an event T occurs3When flood is supplied, the state is changed to Q3The inlet flow is not changed and the groove storage capacity is increased
Figure 680947DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
(ii) a When an event T occurs2When the gate is turned off, the state is changed to Q1The inflow and the groove storage are not changed:
Figure 855577DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
state Q3In the later stage of starting the separate flood areas, when an event T occurs2When the gate is closed, the state is converted to a state Q according to the closing degree of the gate1Or state Q2；
Conversion to state Q1When the flow is not changed, the groove storage amount is not changed;
conversion to state Q2When the inflow is reduced
Figure 456322DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
And the groove storage amount is not changed:
Figure 716402DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
the inflow and the tank storage change are both for the state that the sub-flood area is not activated.
Further: in S2, the calculation formula of the great lake calculation model is:
let the time period start time be
Figure 60796DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
The termination time is
Figure 824353DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Then, the water balance equation in the time period is:
Figure 877890DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
（1）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 94108DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
、
Figure 242193DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
the flow rate is measured in cubic meters per second from beginning to end of the time period;
Figure 125835DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
、
Figure 333963DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
the flow rate is at the beginning and the end of the time period, and is cubic meter per second;
Figure 53788DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
、
Figure 739984DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
the water storage capacity of the rivers and the lakes at the beginning and the end of the time period is cubic meter;
Figure 87920DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
for a long period of time, the time period is long,
Figure 466949DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
；
Figure 923338DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
；
rewriting formula (1) as:
Figure 413225DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 740301DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
is the average inflow;
drawing according to the relation curve of the capacity storage curve and the water level flow
Figure 306543DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
And
Figure 984649DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
and (5) carrying out flood regulation calculation by using the relation curve.
Further: in S3, the lake entering flood calculation scheme adopts a massin kyoto method, and the formula is as follows:
Figure 543806DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Figure 990968DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 446220DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
for the inflow of the river reach,
Figure 877202DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
the water is taken out of the river reach,
Figure 459624DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
the storage capacity of the channel of the river reach is,
Figure 26871DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
in order to show the flow rate of the storage,
Figure 918604DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
to be the slope of the accumulation flow rate relationship curve,
Figure 571302DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
is the flow specific gravity coefficient.
Further: in S41, the steps of calculating the influence of the flood diversion flow of each sub-flood-storage area on the inflow section flood process of the flood control area and the influence of the flood storage curve of the flood control area include:
the inflow of the lake-entering flood calculation model is the inflow of the upstream inflow overlapping interval, and the upstream inflow overlapping interval is obtained by combining the Masjing river algorithm and the rainfall runoff model and is recorded as
Figure 472262DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
(ii) a The flood inlet flow of the separate flood storage area is calculated by adopting a wide top weir formula or manually designated and is recorded as
Figure 628437DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
(ii) a The broad top weir calculation is as follows:
Figure 441803DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 581798DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
the flood inlet flow rate of the flood storage area is divided;
Figure 20869DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
a flow coefficient for free overflow;
Figure 562709DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
in order to submerge the coefficient of the water,
Figure 796244DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
and
Figure 157955DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
the determination of (2) is referred to a hydraulics calculation manual or reference book;
Figure 169029DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
the river water level at the breach is rice;
Figure 299796DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
the height of the top of the breach is meter;
Figure 969811DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
the width of the breach is meter;
calculating flood inflow to the lake-entering section by adopting a Masjing river channel calculation method according to the positions of the flood storage and stagnation areas, and recording the inflow of a real-time flood simulation scheduling model incorporated into the flood distribution and accumulation areas as inflow of the model
Figure 818819DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
：
Figure 334114DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
Wherein, Msk is a river calculation method of Ma Si Jing Gen.
Further: the curve of the river-lake trough is recorded as
Figure 601278DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
The volume curve of the flood-divided region is recorded as
Figure 176616DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
The curve of the trough storage in the river-lake-separated flood storage area is recorded as
Figure 512919DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
And then:
Figure 97484DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 202844DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
is the water level, and is the water level,
Figure 214662DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
；
Figure 523415DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
is a corresponding volume of the liquid crystal display device,
Figure 646091DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
；
for in drainage basin
Figure 871536DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
Firstly, judging whether the sub flood storage area state machine has corresponding events by adopting the following discriminant:
Figure 788677DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 365152DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
、
Figure 25940DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
the maximum and minimum carrying capacity of the river channel respectively;
calculating corresponding flood distribution region state machine model
Figure 591045DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
For the sub flood areas of the full drainage basin, the influence of the flood diversion flow of each sub flood area on the inflow section flood process of the flood control area, and the influence of the groove storage curve of the flood control area are as follows:
Figure 944666DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
Figure 742858DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
。
the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the state machine theory, dividing the state of the flood distributing and storing area into three states of not distributing and starting, namely no flood distributing and starting early stage, namely the water level of a river channel is higher than the water level of the flood distributing area, and starting later stage, namely the water level of the river channel is kept equal to the water level of the flood distributing area, triggering conditions comprise the water level of a representative station of a river-lake-flood distributing and storing system, starting time sequence of the flood distributing and storing area and inflow form of the flood distributing and storing area, and specifying inflow and calculating the inflow by a side weir formula to form a state transfer diagram of the river-lake-flood distributing and storing system, namely a state machine; constructing a flood calculation scheme of the water supply process of each inflow control section at the upstream of the lake system by adopting a Masson Jinggen algorithm; constructing a flood regulation calculation system for great lakes in the river-lake-separate flood storage areas according to the hydraulic connection of the river, the lake and the separate flood storage areas; according to the water balance principle, a real-time flood simulation dispatching model with a separate flood storage area state machine, a flood calculation scheme and a great lake calculation model coupled is constructed, and the flood joint dispatching combination calculation of the river-lake-separate flood storage area is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for simulating volume adaptive flood in a river and lake flood diversion and accumulation area based on a state machine;
FIG. 2 is a state transition diagram of a single sub-flood area;
FIG. 3 is a volume curve of the sub flood storage area;
FIG. 4 is a sub-flood area inflow process;
FIG. 5 is a water level flow relationship line of a propeller station outflow curve;
FIG. 6 is a volume curve of flood storage areas of rivers and lakes, and rivers and lakes;
FIG. 7 is a great lake inflow process;
fig. 8 is a simulation of the water level process at the spiral mountain station.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
A theoretical principle of a state machine-based volume adaptive flood simulation method for a river and lake flood diversion and accumulation area is as follows:
when flood reaches flood diversion standard (representative station water level) in field time, judging the starting form of the sub-flood-storage area through the triggering condition of the sub-flood-storage area state machine, matching the running state of the sub-flood-storage area, carrying out river-lake-sub-flood-storage area flood joint regulation joint calculation, and calculating the representative station water level, the water level of the storage stagnation flood area and the system outflow flow. If the state of the flood storage area is not started, only carrying out flood regulation calculation on the river-lake system;
the state of the stagnant flood storage area is at the early stage of starting, system inflow is corrected by combining with inflow forms of the sub-stagnant flood storage areas (system corrected inflow = system calculated inflow-sub-stagnant flood storage area inflow), and river-lake system flood regulation calculation is carried out by adopting the corrected inflow until the water level of the stagnant flood storage area is equal to the water level of a river channel;
and (3) at the later stage of starting the state of the flood storage and stagnation area, communicating the water surface of the flood storage and stagnation area with a river-lake system to form a river-lake-flood diversion and storage area system, automatically adjusting an H-V curve (water level-volume tank storage curve) corresponding to river-lake flood regulation into the H-V curve of the river-lake-flood diversion and storage area, and starting combined regulation.
Along with the development of flood, the inflow flow is shifted back at the peak, which represents that the water level of the station begins to fade, the H-V curve of the river-lake-divided flood storage area is still used for regulating before the water level drops to the bottom ridge elevation of the flood inlet gate of the flood storage and stagnation area, and the H-V curve is regulated to the H-V curve of the flood regulation calculation of the original river-lake for regulating flood when the water level drops to the position below the bottom ridge elevation of the flood inlet gate of the flood storage and stagnation area for regulating flood.
The optimal sub-accumulation flood area starting combination and the regional outlet section flood level process are determined by using the optimal flood diversion effects of the minimum starting volume or quantity, the minimum disaster loss, the minimum excess guarantee duration and the like of the regional sub-accumulation flood areas as the optimization targets by adopting the optimization algorithms such as the simplex method or the genetic algorithm and the like, so that more accurate hydrological information support is provided for the scheduling of hydraulic engineering and the defense against flood and drought disasters.
A method for simulating volume adaptive flood of a river and lake flood diversion and accumulation area based on a state machine comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a flood distribution and accumulation area state machine: according to the planning of flood distribution and accumulation areas of a flood control area, starting a time sequence and an application state, and constructing a state transition diagram of the flood distribution and accumulation areas on the basis of a graph theory and a finite state machine to form a flood distribution and accumulation area state machine;
s2, constructing a great lake calculation model: regarding a river and lake communication area as a great lake system, and constructing a great lake calculation model according to a lake area water level volume curve, an outflow section outflow curve and an inflow section inflow process based on a water quantity balance principle;
s3, constructing a lake-entering flood calculation model: constructing a lake-entering flood calculation scheme of each inflow section of the lake system by adopting a Masson Jinggen algorithm;
s4, according to the water balance principle, the sub-flood area state machine is constructed, the real-time flood simulation scheduling model which is coupled with the great lake calculation model and the lake-entering flood calculation model is constructed, and the flood simulation calculation of the sub-flood area of the rivers and the lakes is realized.
In S4, the coupling method includes:
s41, when the on-site secondary flood reaches the flood diversion standard, calculating the influence quantity of the flood diversion flow of each enabled sub-flood area on the flood inflow section flood process of the great lake system and the influence quantity of each enabled sub-flood area on the trough storage curve of the great lake system through the sub-flood area state machine and the lake inflow flood calculation scheme, dynamically correcting the flood process of the lake inflow section of the great lake system in real time and automatically adjusting the trough storage curve, and realizing the flood level process calculation of the outlet section flood of the great lake system through the great lake calculation model;
s42, determining the optimal flood distributing and accumulating area starting combination and the flood level process of the outlet section of the large lake system by using simplex formation or genetic algorithm with the optimization targets of minimum starting volume or quantity of the flood distributing and accumulating areas of the large lake system, minimum disaster loss and shortest time of exceeding guaranteed water level.
In the S1, the flood allocation and accumulation region state machine is constructed, and the specific steps are as follows:
for n sub-flood areas in the great lake system, arranging the following according to a flood control plan according to a starting sequence:
Figure 207337DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 876216DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
a single sub flood storage area;
for the flood sub-accumulation region of the whole large lake system, constructing a state machine set C as follows:
Figure 666317DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
wherein M is a single sub-flood area state machine model;
the single sub flood area state machine model M consists of five elements:
Figure 436958DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 705128DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
for a finite state set, each element in the state set corresponds to a finiteA state of a state machine;
Figure 494093DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is a set of events;
Figure 189516DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is composed of
Figure 696721DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
A state transition function, representing a transition from one state to another;
Figure 503003DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is an initial state set of a finite state machine;
Figure 428365DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is a final state set;
for each sub-flood area, the flood area consists of the following parts:
Figure 29111DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Q1indicating no activation, i.e. no flood diversion;
Q2representing the early stage of starting, namely the river water level is higher than the flood diversion area water level;
Q3showing the starting later stage, namely the water level of the river channel is equal to the water level of the flood diversion area;
and sigma is an event set, and consists of the following parts for each sub-flood area:
Figure 23611DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
T1indicating opening, namely opening the gate;
T2indicating the gate is closed, namely backfilling;
T3indicating a flood.
The state transfer process of the single sub flood area comprises the following steps:
referring to FIG. 2, state Q1The flood-divided areas are not started, and when an event T occurs1When the gate is opened, the state is converted to a state Q according to the opening degree of the gate1Or state Q3；
Conversion to state Q2Reduction of incoming flow
Figure 633584DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The storage capacity of the groove is not changed;
conversion to state Q3The time inlet flow is not changed, and the groove storage capacity is increased
Figure 397141DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
：
Figure 185099DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
State Q2When the flood zone is started earlier, an event T occurs3When flood is supplied, the state is changed to Q3The inlet flow is not changed and the groove storage capacity is increased
Figure 666896DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
(ii) a When an event T occurs2When the gate is turned off, the state is changed to the state Q1The inflow and the groove storage are not changed:
Figure 814981DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
state Q3In the later stage of starting the separate flood areas, when an event T occurs2When closing the gate (backfilling), the state is changed to Q according to the closing degree of the gate1Or state Q2；
Conversion to state Q1When the flow is constant, the tank storage capacity is constant;
conversion to state Q2When the inflow is reduced
Figure 698623DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
And the groove storage amount is not changed:
Figure 906751DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
the inflow and the tank storage change are both for the state that the sub-flood area is not activated.
The theory of the great lake calculation model is as follows: the river channel with large energy storage capacity looks at a natural lake, the channel storage curve of the river channel is taken as a volume curve of the lake, the water level flow relation of the control section of the river channel is taken as an outflow (discharge) curve of the lake, and flood regulation calculation is carried out based on a water balance equation.
In S2, the calculation formula of the great lake calculation model is:
let the time period start time be
Figure 610265DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
The termination time is
Figure 312773DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Then, the water balance equation in the time period is:
Figure 50921DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
（1）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 429950DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
、
Figure 886339DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
the flow rate is measured in cubic meters per second from beginning to end of the time interval;
Figure 376226DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
、
Figure 968882DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
the flow rate is at the beginning and the end of the time period, and is cubic meter per second;
Figure 529264DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
、
Figure 207370DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
the water storage capacity of the rivers and the lakes at the beginning and the end of the time period is cubic meter;
Figure 500948DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
for a long period of time, the time period is long,
Figure 948110DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
；
Figure 668941DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
；
rewriting formula (1) as:
Figure 850655DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 682345DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
is the average inflow;
drawing according to the relation curve of the capacity storage curve and the water level flow
Figure 984013DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
And
Figure 141325DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
and (5) carrying out flood regulation calculation by using the relation curve.
Wherein, according to
Figure 794023DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
Is found by
Figure 163825DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
Adding an average inflow
Figure 601891DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
To obtain
Figure 664524DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
To find
Figure 538940DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
，
And then with Z2Is Z1And repeating the steps to obtain the water level of the lower time period, and repeating the steps in the same manner to obtain the water level process of the spiral mountain section.
After the sub-flood-storage areas are applied, flood in the riverway drains and irrigates into the sub-flood-storage areas, inflow of lakes is reduced, the flood stays in the sub-flood-storage areas and is connected with riverway flood into a whole, channel storage capacity of the riverway is increased, and channel storage capacity values are increased under the same water level on channel storage curves.
Therefore, for the great lake calculation model, the essence of the model before and after the application of the accumulation and stagnation areas is not changed, and only the inflow process and the tank storage curve are changed, wherein the inflow process of starting the sub-accumulation areas needs to be subtracted from the inflow process, and the tank storage curve needs to be added with the volume curve of the sub-accumulation areas.
In S3, the lake entering flood calculation scheme adopts a massin kyoto method, and the formula is as follows:
Figure 243590DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Figure 519851DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 18965DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
for the inflow of the river reach,
Figure 131409DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
the water is taken out of the river reach,
Figure 843013DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
the storage capacity of the channel of the river reach is,
Figure 504939DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
in order to show the flow rate of the storage,
Figure 909375DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
the slope of the accumulation flow rate relationship curve,
Figure 758382DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
is the flow specific gravity coefficient.
The lake inflow flood calculation scheme is characterized in that a sectional Mass Jing root algorithm is adopted, a linear tank storage equation and a water balance equation are combined to solve, the limited difference of outflow is obtained, and the inflow flood calculation scheme of each inflow section of the system is constructed.
In S41, the step of calculating the influence of the flood diversion flow of each sub flood-storage area on the flood process of the inflow cross section of the flood control area and the influence of the flood storage curve of the flood control area includes:
the inflow of the lake-entering flood calculation model is the inflow of the upstream inflow overlapping interval, and the upstream inflow overlapping interval is obtained by combining the Masjing river algorithm and the rainfall runoff model and is recorded as
Figure 539257DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
(ii) a The flood inlet flow of the flood distribution and accumulation area is calculated by adopting a wide top weir formula or is manually specified and is recorded as
Figure 540842DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
(ii) a The broad top weir calculation is as follows:
Figure 381759DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 718062DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
the flood inlet flow of the flood storage area is divided;
Figure 37048DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
a flow coefficient for free overflow;
Figure 407987DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
in order to submerge the coefficient of the water,
Figure 154226DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
and
Figure 462978DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
the determination of (2) is referred to a hydraulics calculation manual or reference book;
Figure 851234DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
the river water level at the breach is rice;
Figure 811100DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
the height of the top of the breach is meter;
Figure 993820DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
the width of the breach is meter;
calculating flood inflow to the lake-entering section by adopting a Masjing river channel calculation method according to the positions of the flood storage and stagnation areas, and recording the inflow of a real-time flood simulation scheduling model incorporated into the flood distribution and accumulation areas as inflow of the model
Figure 304715DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
：
Figure 965504DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
Wherein Msk is a river calculation method of Mas Jing root.
Wherein, the great lake system comprises a river-lake-separated flood accumulation area.
The curve of the river-lake trough is recorded as
Figure 796188DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
The volume curve of the flood-divided region is recorded as
Figure 149809DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
The groove storage curve of the river-lake-flood-divided storage area is recorded as
Figure 682421DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
And then:
Figure 146901DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 81359DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
is the water level, and the water level,
Figure 605881DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
；
Figure 376522DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
is a function of the volume of the fluid,
Figure 644692DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
；
for in drainage basin
Figure 699236DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
Firstly, judging whether the sub flood storage area state machine has corresponding events by adopting the following discriminant:
Figure 129080DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 636285DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
、
Figure 453019DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
the maximum and minimum carrying capacity of the river channel respectively;
calculating corresponding flood distribution region state machine model
Figure 96490DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
For the sub flood areas of the full drainage basin, the influence of the flood diversion flow of each sub flood area on the inflow section flood process of the flood control area, and the influence of the groove storage curve of the flood control area are as follows:
Figure 962815DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
Figure 957316DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
。
example one
The flood in the river section of Changjiang mid-swimming cities Ling in 2020 from 6 to 7 months in 2020 is taken as an example for explanation:
s1, constructing a flood distribution and accumulation area state machine: and constructing a state transition diagram of the sub-flood storage area based on a diagram theory and a finite state machine according to a planning starting time sequence and an application state of the sub-flood storage area of the flood control area to form a state machine of the sub-flood storage area.
In the embodiment, two sub flood storage areas are designed, the first sub flood storage area is set to be in the designated starting time (14 days at 7 months and 4 days), the second sub flood storage area is automatically triggered to be started, the volume curve of the sub flood storage area is shown in fig. 3, the characteristic parameters of the sub flood storage area are shown in table 1, the early-stage inflow process of the start of the sub flood storage area is calculated by adopting a wide top weir formula, and the inflow flow process is shown in fig. 4.
The inflow process of the separate flood storage area is related to the flood process, characteristic parameters of the separate flood storage area and starting conditions, and is actually a joint regulation joint calculation result with the great lake model.
TABLE 1 flood zone-divided correlation parameters
Figure 567289DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
S2, constructing a great lake calculation model: regarding the Changjiang river midstream dry flow Yichang to spiral mountain and Dongting lake region as a great lake system, wherein inflow sections of the great lake are a Changjiang river dry flow Yichang station, a Qingjiang high dam station, a Dongting lake water system \\28583, a rock gate station, a Zishuitaojiang river station, a ZishuitaoTao source station and a Xiangjiang lake station respectively; the outflow section of the great lake is a Changjiang river main stream spiral mountain station. The spiral mountain station outflow curve (water level flow relation) is shown in figure 5, and the curve of river-lake volume is shown in figure 6.
Figure 596425DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
S3, constructing a lake-entering flood calculation model:
and (3) constructing an inflow flood calculation scheme of each inflow section of the system by adopting a segmented Masson Jinggen algorithm, wherein model parameters are shown in a table 2.
Figure 118804DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
TABLE 2 piecewise horse method parameters
Figure 600601DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
S4, according to the water quantity balance principle, a real-time flood simulation scheduling model is constructed, wherein the sub-flood area state machine, the great lake calculation model and the lake-entering flood calculation model are coupled, and the flood simulation calculation of the river-lake-sub-flood area is achieved.
Figure 14265DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
The volume curve after coupling is shown in figure 6,
Figure 632328DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
is an adaptive curve and is related to the state and parameters of the sub-flood area.
After coupling, the sub-flood area enables the inflow process of the early great lake as shown in figure 7, and enables the HV curve of the later great lake as shown in figure 6. The water level process of the spiral mountain station after the flood distribution and accumulation area is started is shown in figure 8.
And determining the optimal starting combination of the flood distributing and accumulating areas and the flood level process of the outlet section of the flood control area by adopting a simplex method or a genetic algorithm with the minimum starting volume or quantity, the minimum disaster loss and the minimum excess guarantee duration of the flood control area as optimization targets.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A method for simulating volume adaptive flood in a river and lake flood diversion and accumulation area based on a state machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a flood distribution and accumulation area state machine: according to the planning of flood distribution and accumulation areas of a flood control area, starting a time sequence and an application state, and constructing a state transition diagram of the flood distribution and accumulation areas on the basis of a graph theory and a finite state machine to form a flood distribution and accumulation area state machine;
s2, constructing a great lake calculation model: regarding a river and lake communication area as a great lake system, and constructing a great lake calculation model according to a lake area water level volume curve, an outflow section outflow curve and an inflow section inflow process based on a water balance principle;
s3, constructing a lake-entering flood calculation model: constructing a lake-entering flood calculation scheme of each inflow section of the great lake system by adopting a Mas Jing root algorithm;
s4, according to a water quantity balance principle, constructing the flood distribution and accumulation region state machine, constructing a real-time flood simulation scheduling model in which the great lake calculation model and the lake-entering flood calculation model are coupled, and realizing the flood simulation calculation of the river and lake distribution and accumulation region;
in S4, the coupling method includes:
s41, when the next flood reaches the flood diversion standard, calculating the influence quantity of each started flood diversion area on the inflow section flood process of the great lake system and the influence quantity of each started flood diversion area on the groove storage curve of the great lake system through the flood diversion area state machine and the lake entering flood calculation scheme, dynamically correcting the flood process of the lake entering section of the great lake system in real time and automatically adjusting the groove storage curve, and realizing the calculation of the flood water level process of the outlet section of the great lake system through the great lake calculation model;
s42, determining the optimal flood distributing and accumulating area starting combination and the flood level process of the outlet section of the large lake system by using simplex formation or genetic algorithm with the optimization targets of minimum starting volume or quantity of the flood distributing and accumulating areas of the large lake system, minimum disaster loss and shortest time of exceeding guaranteed water level;
in the S1, the flood allocation and accumulation region state machine is constructed, and the specific steps are as follows:
for n sub-flood areas in the great lake system, arranging the following according to a flood control plan according to a starting sequence:
Figure 294987DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 490477DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
i =1, 2, 3 … n, being a single sub flood zone;
for the flood sub-accumulation region of the whole large lake system, constructing a state machine set C as follows:
Figure 185900DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
wherein M is a single sub-flood area state machine model;
the single sub flood area state machine model M consists of five elements:
Figure 630788DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 889600DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
is a finite state set, each element in the state set corresponds to a state of the finite state machine;
Figure 736333DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is a set of events;
Figure 337079DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is composed of
Figure 534842DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
A state transition function, representing a transition from one state to another;
Figure 82498DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is an initial state set of a finite state machine;
Figure 33005DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is a final state set;
for each sub-flood area, the flood area consists of the following parts:
Figure 804652DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Q1indicating no activation, i.e. no flood diversion;
Q2representing the early stage of starting, namely the water level of the river channel is higher than the water level of the flood diversion area;
Q3showing the starting later stage, namely the water level of the river channel is equal to the water level of the flood diversion area;
and sigma is an event set, and consists of the following parts for each sub-flood area:
Figure 489711DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
T1indicating opening, namely opening the gate;
T2indicating the gate is closed, namely backfilling;
T3indicating a flood.
2. The method for simulating volume adaptive flood of the river and lake flood diversion and accumulation regions based on the state machine according to claim 1, wherein the state transition process of the single flood diversion and accumulation region is as follows:
state Q1The flood-divided areas are not started, and when an event T occurs1When the gate is opened, the state is converted to a state Q according to the opening degree of the gate1Or state Q3；
Conversion to state Q2Reduction of incoming flow
Figure 575479DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The storage capacity of the groove is not changed;
conversion to state Q3The time inlet flow is not changed, and the groove storage capacity is increased
Figure 396805DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
：
Figure 604932DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
State Q2When the flood zone is started earlier, an event T occurs3When flood is supplied, the state is changed to Q3The inlet flow is not changed and the groove storage capacity is increased
Figure 763905DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
(ii) a When an event T occurs2When the gate is turned off, the state is changed to Q1The inflow and the groove storage are not changed:
Figure 387785DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
state Q3In the later stage of starting the separate flood storage area, when an event T occurs2When the gate is closed, the state is converted into a state Q according to the closing degree of the gate1Or state Q2；
Conversion to state Q1When the flow is constant, the tank storage capacity is constant;
conversion to state Q2When the inflow is reduced
Figure 329196DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
And the groove storage amount is not changed:
Figure 442645DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
the inflow and the tank storage change are both for the state that the sub-flood area is not activated.
3. The method for volume adaptive flood simulation of the lake and river sub flood storage area based on the state machine according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S2, the calculation formula of the great lake calculation model is:
let the time period start time be
Figure 836718DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
The termination time is
Figure 513556DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Then, the water balance equation in the time period is:
Figure 309473DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
（1）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 62666DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
、
Figure 944034DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
the flow rate is measured in cubic meters per second from beginning to end of the time period;
Figure 424563DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
、
Figure 871725DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
the flow rate is at the beginning and the end of the time period, and is cubic meter per second;
Figure 795818DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
、
Figure 898903DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
the water storage capacity of the rivers and the lakes at the beginning and the end of the time period is cubic meter;
Figure 933856DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
for a long period of time, the time period is long,
Figure 688054DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
；
Figure 579786DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
；
rewriting the formula (1) as:
Figure 170168DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 743232DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
is the average inflow;
drawing according to the relation curve of the capacity storage curve and the water level flow
Figure 164986DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
And
Figure 430882DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
and (5) carrying out flood regulation calculation by using the relation curve.
4. The method for simulating volume adaptive flood in a river and lake flood diversion and accumulation area based on the state machine according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S3, the lake entering flood calculation scheme adopts a massin kyoto method, and the formula is as follows:
Figure 489318DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Figure 131652DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 611175DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
for the inflow of the river reach,
Figure 844710DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
the water is taken out of the river reach,
Figure 144104DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
the storage capacity of the channel of the river reach is,
Figure 308238DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
in order to show the flow rate of the storage,
Figure 704585DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
the slope of the accumulation flow rate relationship curve,
Figure 312283DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
is the flow specific gravity coefficient.
5. The method for simulating volume adaptive flood in a river and lake flood diversion and accumulation area based on the state machine according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S41, the steps of calculating the influence of the flood diversion flow of each sub-flood-storage area on the inflow section flood process of the flood control area and the influence of the flood storage curve of the flood control area include:
the inflow of the lake-entering flood calculation model is the inflow of the upstream inflow overlapping interval, and the upstream inflow overlapping interval is obtained by combining the Masjing river algorithm and the rainfall runoff model and is recorded as
Figure 364553DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
(ii) a The flood inlet flow of the flood distribution and accumulation area is calculated by adopting a wide top weir formula or is manually specified and is recorded as
Figure 817531DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
(ii) a The broad top weir calculation is as follows:
Figure 68384DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 96252DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
the flood inlet flow of the flood storage area is divided;
Figure 370238DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
a flow coefficient for free overflow;
Figure 892486DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
in order to submerge the coefficient of the water,
Figure 997846DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
and
Figure 681768DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
the determination of (2) is referred to a hydraulics calculation manual or reference book;
Figure 692318DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
the river water level at the breach is rice;
Figure 814995DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
the height of the top of the breach is meter;
Figure 978123DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
the width of the breach is meter;
calculating flood inflow to the lake-entering section by adopting a Masjing river channel calculation method according to the positions of the flood storage and stagnation areas, and recording the inflow of a real-time flood simulation scheduling model incorporated into the flood distribution and accumulation areas as inflow of the model
Figure 832946DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
：
Figure 347104DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
Wherein, Msk is a river calculation method of Ma Si Jing Gen.
6. The method for simulating volume adaptive flood in the river and lake separate flood storage area based on the state machine according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the curve of the river-lake trough is recorded as
Figure 7893DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
The volume curve of the flood-divided region is recorded as
Figure 277725DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
The groove storage curve of the river-lake-flood-divided storage area is recorded as
Figure 569029DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
And then:
Figure 101641DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 503804DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
is the water level, and the water level,
Figure 375945DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
；
Figure 352997DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
is a corresponding volume of the liquid crystal display device,
Figure 107326DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
；
for in drainage basin
Figure 578759DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
Firstly, judging whether the sub flood storage area state machine has corresponding events by adopting the following discriminant:
Figure 305407DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 938513DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
、
Figure 445718DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
the maximum and minimum carrying capacity of the river channel respectively;
calculating corresponding flood distribution region state machine model
Figure 704530DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
Then, for the sub-flood areas of the full drainage basin, the influence of the flood diversion flow rate of each sub-flood area on the inflow section flood process of the flood control area, and the influence of the trough storage curve of the flood control area are as follows:
Figure 285684DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
Figure 355271DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
。
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