CN114356802A - Method, device, system and storage medium for directly accessing physical address of memory - Google Patents
Method, device, system and storage medium for directly accessing physical address of memory Download PDFInfo
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- CN114356802A CN114356802A CN202111510128.9A CN202111510128A CN114356802A CN 114356802 A CN114356802 A CN 114356802A CN 202111510128 A CN202111510128 A CN 202111510128A CN 114356802 A CN114356802 A CN 114356802A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method, a device, a system and a storage medium for directly accessing a physical address of a memory. The method for directly accessing the physical address of the memory is applied to an application module outside a kernel of an operating system, and comprises the following steps: acquiring a target memory physical address corresponding to a current process in a user space; mapping the physical address of the target memory into a virtual address of the target memory according to the mapping relation; the target memory virtual address is directly accessed. According to the technical scheme, data do not need to be copied into the kernel space, the data transmission access process is simple, the program development efficiency is higher, and system paralysis can be avoided, so that the safety is high.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of software development technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a system, and a storage medium for directly accessing a physical address of a memory.
Background
The program code can logically directly control the physical address, but on a platform with an operating system, the code needs to be developed in two parts, one part in a kernel space and the other part in a user space. Program code running in user space needs to pass through kernel space to access the physical addresses. The address access mode has at least the following problems:
1. the difficulty of program development is great. This is because: the code amount and the number of modules of the kernel space program are huge, the knowledge of an operating system, the driving principle and the like need to be mastered on the basis of the original hardware knowledge, and the kernel space program debugging method is more difficult than the user space program debugging method;
2. the portability is poor. This is because: a program developed aiming at a bare computer is required to be transplanted to a platform with an operating system, and redevelopment is required to be carried out on two layers of a kernel space and a user space, so that the portability is poor;
3. when data is read and written to the physical address, the data needs to be copied to the kernel space, so the process is complex;
4. the traditional address access method needs to develop programs aiming at the kernel, so that the whole system is paralyzed when the developed programs are in problem, and the reliability of the system is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems. The invention provides a method, a device, a system and a storage medium for directly accessing a physical address of a memory.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for directly accessing a physical address of a memory, which is applied to an application module outside a kernel of an operating system, the method including:
acquiring a target memory physical address corresponding to a current process in a user space;
mapping the physical address of the target memory into a virtual address of the target memory according to the mapping relation;
the target memory virtual address is directly accessed.
Illustratively, the obtaining of the physical address of the target memory corresponding to the current process in the user space includes:
acquiring a pre-configured memory physical address as a target memory physical address; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and acquiring the randomly allocated memory physical address as a target memory physical address.
Illustratively, mapping the target memory physical address to the target memory virtual address according to the mapping relationship comprises:
calling a memory management unit running in a kernel space;
and mapping the target memory physical address into a target memory virtual address through the memory management unit according to the mapping relation.
Exemplarily, a mapping relation is preset in the application module;
mapping the target memory physical address to a target memory virtual address according to the mapping relationship comprises:
and directly mapping the physical address of the target memory into the virtual address of the target memory according to a preset mapping relation.
Illustratively, directly accessing the target memory virtual address includes:
reading data on the target memory virtual address to obtain target data, and returning the target data to the current process; and/or
And directly writing target data into the target memory virtual address.
Illustratively, after directly accessing the target memory virtual address, the method further comprises:
and the mapping between the target memory virtual address and the target memory physical address is released so as to release the target memory virtual address.
Illustratively, the obtaining a physical address of a target memory corresponding to a current process in a user space includes:
and acquiring a target memory physical address corresponding to the current process in the user space through a preset hardware drive outside the kernel.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for directly accessing a physical address of a memory, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a target memory physical address corresponding to the current process in the user space;
the mapping module is used for mapping the target memory physical address into a target memory virtual address according to the mapping relation;
and the access module is used for directly accessing the target memory virtual address.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for directly accessing physical memory addresses, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory has stored therein computer program instructions, which when executed by the processor, are adapted to perform the method for directly accessing physical memory addresses as described above.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a storage medium having stored thereon program instructions for performing a method of directly accessing physical addresses of a memory as described above when executed.
According to the technical scheme, the conversion between the physical address and the virtual address of the user space layer is realized through the application module outside the kernel of the operating system, and the direct access to the physical address of the target memory on the user space is further realized. By utilizing the technical scheme, the program developed by the bare computer can be directly copied to the platform with the operating system, so that the portability is good. Compared with the traditional technology, the technical scheme does not need to copy data into the kernel space, the data transmission access process is simple, and the efficiency of program development is higher. Meanwhile, the risk that the whole system is possibly paralyzed when the kernel development program encounters a problem is avoided, so that the security is higher.
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The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings, like reference numbers generally represent like parts or steps.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating a method of directly accessing physical addresses of a memory in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for directly accessing physical addresses of a memory according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a system for directly accessing physical addresses of a memory, according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a subset of embodiments of the invention and not all embodiments of the invention, with the understanding that the invention is not limited to the example embodiments described herein. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the invention described herein without inventive step, shall fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
To at least partially solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for directly accessing a physical address of a memory. The method is applied to an application module outside a kernel of an operating system, for example, a specified memory physical address is directly read and written in a user space of a linux system. Illustratively, the user space is a memory area accessible by ordinary applications. In the linux operating system, the lower 3 gigabytes (from virtual address 0x00000000 to 0xBFFFFFFF) are used by various processes, called user space. The kernel space is an area accessed by the kernel of the operating system, is independent of a common application program, and is a protected memory space. In the linux operating system, the top 1 gigabyte (from virtual address 0xC0000000 to 0xFFFFFFFF) is used by the kernel, called kernel space.
In the prior art, when an application program located in a user space wants to write data to a hardware device, or to a physical address corresponding to the hardware device, the following steps are generally required to be performed in a kernel space: step S1, the kernel space maps the physical address in the access control request sent by the user space into a virtual address; step S2, the kernel space stores the written data in the virtual address; in step S3, the kernel space copies the data in the virtual address corresponding to the user space to the physical address of the hardware device, and maps the data in the virtual address in the kernel space. Since the hardware device has a mapping relationship between the virtual address of the kernel space and its actual physical address, copying data into the physical address of the hardware device is realized in step S3.
As described above, the method of indirectly accessing the physical address through the kernel space to write data into the hardware device is complicated, and there are problems such as difficulty in development, and possible system crash. Different from the prior art, the method for directly accessing the physical address of the memory in the embodiment of the invention is realized by the application module outside the kernel space. For example, an adaptation layer may be directly provided in the user space layer, and direct access to the physical address of the memory may be implemented through the adaptation layer, so that writing of target data into the physical address of the hardware device or reading of data from the physical address of the hardware device may be implemented in the user space.
Referring now to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic flow chart diagram of a method 1000 for directly accessing physical addresses of a memory, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method 1000 for directly accessing a physical memory address includes the following steps S1100, S1200, and S1300.
It will be appreciated that the physical address space is an entity that exists truly in a computer, and that unique independence is maintained in each computer. And virtual addresses do not really exist in the computer, each process is allocated with own virtual space, and only can access the space allocated for use by the process. A mapping relation exists between a virtual address and a physical address corresponding to certain process data.
Step S1100, a physical address of a target memory corresponding to the user space of the current process is obtained.
For example, the obtaining of the target memory physical address corresponding to the current process in the user space (step S1100) may include: and acquiring a target memory physical address corresponding to the current process in the user space through a preset hardware drive outside the kernel. For example, the user space may include a preset hardware driver, and the hardware driver may obtain a target memory physical address of the current process in the user space. Alternatively, the hardware driver may be executed in response to a user clicking operation on a "query physical address" control on the operation interface.
The link between the user space and the external hardware equipment can be established through the hardware driver outside the kernel, so that the user space can obtain the target memory physical address of the hardware equipment without calling the kernel program.
Step S1200, mapping the physical address of the target memory to a virtual address of the target memory according to the mapping relationship.
The isolation of the process address space is inconvenient because the physical address is directly used; and the physical memory space is limited, and the time-sharing multiplexing sharing of a plurality of processes can be realized by converting the physical address into the virtual address. In the embodiment of the present invention, an application module applied outside a kernel of an operating system includes: and the address conversion submodule can map the physical address of the target memory into the virtual address of the target memory through a preset mapping relation in the address conversion submodule.
The mapping relationship may be set according to the size of the physical memory and the address space in the user space. The mapping may be a one-to-one mapping of physical addresses to virtual addresses, i.e. a linear mapping, or a combination of a linear mapping and a non-linear mapping. For example, the user space may be divided into a linear mapping region and a non-linear mapping region. According to different application targets, the nonlinear mapping area can be divided into a dynamic memory mapping (vmalloc) area, a persistent mapping area and a temporary mapping area. Different non-linear mapping partitions may adopt different mapping relationships. And mapping the target memory physical address of the current process into a target memory virtual address according to the corresponding mapping relation.
In step S1300, the target memory virtual address is directly accessed.
Illustratively, directly accessing the target memory virtual address includes: reading data on the target memory virtual address to obtain target data, and returning the target data to the current process; and/or directly writing target data into the target memory virtual address.
When only data needs to be read, this step S1300 may only include reading data at the target memory virtual address to obtain the target data, and returning the target data to the current process. Since the target memory virtual address maps to the target memory physical address, reading the target data from the target memory virtual address is equivalent to reading the target data from the target memory physical address.
When only data needs to be written, the step S1300 only includes directly writing the target data into the target memory virtual address. Because the target memory virtual address maps to the target memory physical address, writing target data to the target memory virtual address is equivalent to writing target data to the target memory physical address.
When the process includes reading and writing data, the step S1300 includes reading data at the target memory virtual address to obtain target data, returning the target data to the current process, and writing the target data into the target memory virtual address.
According to the technical scheme, the conversion between the physical address and the virtual address of the user space layer is realized through the application module outside the kernel of the operating system, and the direct access to the physical address of the target memory on the user space is further realized. By utilizing the technical scheme, the program developed by the bare computer can be directly copied to the platform with the operating system, so that the portability is good. Compared with the traditional technology, the technical scheme does not need to copy data into the kernel space, the data transmission access process is simple, and the efficiency of program development is higher. Meanwhile, the risk that the whole system is possibly paralyzed when the kernel development program encounters a problem is avoided, so that the security is higher.
For example, the obtaining of the target memory physical address corresponding to the current process in the user space (step S1100) may include: acquiring a pre-configured memory physical address as a target memory physical address; or acquiring a randomly allocated memory physical address as a target memory physical address.
The pre-configured memory physical addresses are set in different memory physical address subspaces, for example, according to different types of processes. For example, assuming that the type of the current process should be configured in the memory physical address subspace a according to the preset configuration rule, the memory physical address of the current process may be set behind the target memory physical address corresponding to the last configured process in a. Optionally, a randomly allocated memory physical address may also be used as the target memory physical address of the current process.
Through the technical scheme, the physical address of the target memory corresponding to the current process in the user space can be acquired in a pre-configured or random distribution mode. Different ways of configuring the physical address of the memory can be adopted according to the size of the user space, the attribute of the process or the use requirement of the user, so that the process can be effectively loaded and run.
For example, mapping the target memory physical address to the target memory virtual address according to the mapping relationship (step S1200) may include: step 1210, calling a memory management unit MMU running in the kernel space; in step S1220, the memory management unit MMU maps the target physical memory address to a target virtual memory address according to the mapping relationship. The kernel space includes a Memory Management Unit (MMU) that is used to implement mapping between physical addresses and virtual addresses, and can translate both physical addresses and virtual addresses.
Exemplarily, a mapping relation is preset in an application module outside a kernel of an operating system; mapping the target memory physical address to the target memory virtual address according to the mapping relationship (step S1200) may include: and directly mapping the physical address of the target memory into the virtual address of the target memory according to a preset mapping relation.
According to the technical scheme, the mapping relation between the physical memory address and the virtual memory address is directly set in the user space, and the target physical memory address can be directly mapped into the target virtual memory address according to the mapping relation. Compared with the technical scheme of setting the mapping relation in the kernel space, the embodiment can shorten the path for searching the target memory virtual address.
Illustratively, after directly accessing the target memory virtual address, the method 1000 of directly accessing the memory physical address may further include: and the mapping between the target memory virtual address and the target memory physical address is released so as to release the target memory virtual address.
Optionally, the virtual memory may be unmapped to physical memory using a munmap () function. When the process is finished or other programs are executed by using exec related functions, the mapping memory is automatically released. Therefore, the released target memory virtual address can be used by other processes, and therefore the use efficiency of the virtual memory can be improved.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus 200 for directly accessing physical addresses of a memory is provided. FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 200 for directly accessing physical addresses of a memory according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 2, the apparatus 200 includes an acquisition module 210, a mapping module 220, and an access module 230. The modules may respectively perform the steps/functions of the method for directly accessing physical memory addresses described above in connection with fig. 1. Only the main functions of the components of the apparatus 200 for directly accessing physical memory addresses are described below, and the details already described above are omitted.
The obtaining module 210 is configured to obtain a target memory physical address corresponding to a user space of a current process.
The mapping module 220 is configured to map the target memory physical address into a target memory virtual address according to the mapping relationship.
The access module 230 is used to directly access the target memory virtual address.
Illustratively, the obtaining module 210 may include: the first acquisition submodule is used for acquiring a pre-configured memory physical address as a target memory physical address; or acquiring a randomly allocated memory physical address as a target memory physical address.
For example, the mapping module 220 may include a calling submodule for calling a preset process running in the kernel space; the mapping module 220 may further include a first mapping submodule, configured to map the target memory physical address into the target memory virtual address according to the mapping relationship through a preset process.
Exemplarily, a mapping relation is preset in the application module; the mapping module 220 may include: and the second mapping submodule is used for directly mapping the physical address of the target memory into the virtual address of the target memory according to the preset mapping relation.
Illustratively, the access module 230 may include a first access submodule and/or a second access submodule. The first access submodule is used for reading data on a target memory virtual address to obtain target data and returning the target data to the current process. The second access submodule is used for directly writing target data into the target memory virtual address.
Illustratively, the apparatus 200 further comprises a release module for releasing the mapping between the target memory virtual address and the target memory physical address to release the target memory virtual address.
Illustratively, the obtaining module 210 may include: and the second obtaining submodule is used for obtaining the physical address of the target memory corresponding to the current process in the user space through a preset hardware drive outside the kernel.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a system 300 for directly accessing physical addresses of memory is provided. FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a system 300 for directly accessing physical addresses of a memory in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the system 300 includes a processor 310 and a memory 320, wherein the memory 320 stores computer program instructions, and the computer program instructions are executed by the processor 310 to perform the method 100 for directly accessing physical memory addresses.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a storage medium is provided, on which program instructions are stored, which when executed are adapted to perform the above-described method 100 of directly accessing physical addresses of a memory. The storage medium may include, for example, a memory card of a smart phone, a storage component of a tablet computer, a hard disk of a personal computer, a Read Only Memory (ROM), an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), a portable compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), a USB memory, or any combination of the above storage media.
Although the illustrative embodiments have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the foregoing illustrative embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. All such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The usage of the words first, second and third, etcetera do not indicate any ordering. These words may be interpreted as names.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention or the description thereof, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the changes or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for directly accessing a physical address of a memory, which is applied to an application module outside a kernel of an operating system, comprises the following steps:
acquiring a target memory physical address corresponding to a current process in a user space;
mapping the target memory physical address into a target memory virtual address according to the mapping relation;
and directly accessing the target memory virtual address.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the physical address of the target memory corresponding to the current process in the user space comprises:
acquiring a pre-configured memory physical address as the target memory physical address; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and acquiring the randomly allocated memory physical address as the target memory physical address.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said mapping said target memory physical address to a target memory virtual address according to a mapping relationship comprises:
calling a memory management unit running in a kernel space;
and mapping the target memory physical address into the target memory virtual address through the memory management unit according to the mapping relation.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the mapping relationship is preset in the application module;
the mapping the target memory physical address into a target memory virtual address according to the mapping relationship comprises:
and directly mapping the physical address of the target memory into a virtual address of the target memory according to the preset mapping relation.
5. The method of claim 1, the directly accessing the target memory virtual address comprising:
reading data on the target memory virtual address to obtain target data, and returning the target data to the current process; and/or
And directly writing target data into the target memory virtual address.
6. The method of claim 1, after the directly accessing the target memory virtual address, the method further comprising:
and the mapping between the target memory virtual address and the target memory physical address is released so as to release the target memory virtual address.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the physical address of the target memory corresponding to the current process in the user space comprises:
and acquiring a target memory physical address corresponding to the current process in the user space through a preset hardware drive outside a kernel.
8. An apparatus for directly accessing a physical address of a memory, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a target memory physical address corresponding to the current process in the user space;
the mapping module is used for mapping the target memory physical address into a target memory virtual address according to the mapping relation;
and the access module is used for directly accessing the target memory virtual address.
9. A system for direct access to physical memory addresses, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory has stored therein computer program instructions for execution by the processor to perform a method of direct access to physical memory addresses as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A storage medium on which are stored program instructions for performing, when running, a method of directly accessing physical memory addresses as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115617274A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-01-17 | 亿铸科技(杭州)有限责任公司 | Memory computing device with bad block management function and operation method |
| WO2023226885A1 (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-11-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Memory access method and related device |
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2021
- 2021-12-10 CN CN202111510128.9A patent/CN114356802A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023226885A1 (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-11-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Memory access method and related device |
| CN115617274A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-01-17 | 亿铸科技(杭州)有限责任公司 | Memory computing device with bad block management function and operation method |
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